Article(id=1212692426804871784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692423956939344, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)17-1565-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.17.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1714060800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767058005285, onlineDateStr=2025-12-30, pubDate=1725724800000, pubDateStr=2024-09-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767058005285, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767058005285, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058005285, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212692423956939344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='17', pageStart='1553', pageEnd='1664', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767058004596, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058886858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212696124457140722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692423956939344, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212696124457140723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692423956939344, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1565, endPage=1572, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212692427094278769, articleId=1212692426804871784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Senescence State of Stem Cells in Ulcerative Colitis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To analyze the dynamic changes of cell types and protein expression during the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis. METHODS Single-cell sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal tissues of ulcerative colitis model mice and normal mice. After quality control, a total of 58 714 cells were used to construct a colitis dataset for downstream analysis. Then, the changes of epithelial compartments in the process of colitis occurrence and development were analyzed by means of dimensionality reduction clustering, GO analysis and Monocle quasi-time analysis. RESULTS Compared with the normal samples, the interaction between cell subsets in colitis samples changed significantly. The analysis revealed that most epithelial cell subtypes were destroyed and reduced in number during the colitis phase. The Wnt pathway was inhibited, which is important for maintaining stem cell function. The Ppia-Bsg ligand receptor pair was highly expressed in normal samples. CONCLUSION The depletion of Ppia secreted by stromal cells in the inflammatory state leads to stem cell senescence, which ultimately disrupts the homeostasis of epithelial cells and aggravates colitis.

, correspAuthors=Yang SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yinuo MA, Feifei TAO, Lisha ZHOU, Meijing WANG, Lixin ZHAO, Yang SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212692428830720700, articleId=1212692426804871784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=单细胞测序揭示溃疡性结肠炎中干细胞的衰老状态, columnId=1212692426674848354, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=炎症性肠病研究专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 分析溃疡性结肠炎发生发展过程中细胞类型以及基因表达的动态变化。方法 采用单细胞测序技术对溃疡性结肠炎模型鼠以及正常鼠的肠道组织进行生物信息学分析。经过质控,共有58 714个细胞用于构建结肠炎数据集进行下游分析,再通过降维聚类、基因本体(gene ontology,GO)分析和Monocle拟时间分析等技术手段着重分析了结肠炎发生发展过程中的上皮区室变化。结果 在结肠炎样本中细胞亚群与细胞亚群间的互作关系相比于正常样本发生了明显变化。分析结果发现,大多数上皮细胞亚型在结肠炎阶段遭到破坏而数量减少。对维持干细胞功能十分重要的Wnt通路出现了抑制。Ppia(Cyclophilin A)-Bsg(Basigin)配-受体对在炎症样本中的表达降低。结论 炎症状态下基质细胞分泌的Ppia耗竭导致干细胞衰老,最终扰乱上皮细胞稳态而加重结肠炎。

, correspAuthors=孙洋, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 孙洋,男,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:抗炎免疫药理Tel:(025)89681312
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马屹诺,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:药理学

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马屹诺,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:药理学

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J Gastroenterol, 2016, 51(1):11-21., articleTitle=Role of epithelial cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1212786707162911520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, awardId=2022YFC3500200, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项资助(2022YFC3500200), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1212786707242603301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, awardId=2022YFC3500202, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项资助(2022YFC3500202), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1212786700363944488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1212786700372333098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, companyId=1212786700363944488, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1212786700380721707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, companyId=1212786700363944488, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南京大学生命科学学院, 医药生物技术全国重点实验室, 南京 210023)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1212786704793129710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Single-cell landscape of ulcerative colitis tissue

A-schematic diagram illustrating the construction of the colitis dataset (Normal group-healthy mice; DSS group-mice with DSS-induced colitis); B-weight changes of mice during DSS induction and representative images of colon tissue stained with HE from normal and DSS groups; C-UMAP plot showing the major cellular compartments and cell types; D-expression distribution of feature genes in the dataset; E-distribution of cell numbers across different cellular compartments and between samples in the dataset; F-inflammation feature scores for each sample.

, figureFileSmall=vARG2MdKg+RVtXTwap9qSA==, figureFileBig=wAE3E8WrCaczkpcjgI+DbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786704864432882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=CN, label=图1, caption=溃疡性结肠炎组织的单细胞景观

A-结肠炎数据集构建示意图(Normal group-正常小鼠;DSS group-溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠);B-葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)造模期间小鼠的体质量变化以及正常组与DSS组小鼠的结肠组织苏木精-伊红(HE)染色图像;C-主要的细胞区室和细胞类型统一流形逼近与投影(UMAP)图;D-特征基因在数据集中的表达分布;E-数据集中细胞在不同细胞区室以及样本间的数量分布差异;F-各样本的炎症特征打分。

, figureFileSmall=vARG2MdKg+RVtXTwap9qSA==, figureFileBig=wAE3E8WrCaczkpcjgI+DbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786705007039222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Trends in epithelial cells in the development of colitis

A-UMAP of epithelial cells; B-expression distribution of characteristic genes of epithelial cell subsets; C-differences in the number of epithelial cell subsets at different stages, 1)P>0.05,2)P≤0.05; D-differential genes of colitis stem cells and normal stem cells; E-GO enrichment results of up/down-regulated genes; F-genes-pathway concept network of up-regulated pathways.

, figureFileSmall=OLIxFZdiss41S4v829/ovw==, figureFileBig=5F2PskkYqVHyzZ/rbgxSiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786705099313916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=CN, label=图2, caption=结肠炎发展中上皮细胞的变化趋势

A-上皮细胞的UMAP图;B-上皮细胞亚群的特征基因表达分布;C-上皮细胞亚群在正常样本以及结肠炎样本的数量差异,1)P>0.05,2)P≤0.05; D-结肠炎干细胞与正常干细胞的差异基因;E-上/下调基因的GO富集结果;F-上调通路的基因-通路概念网络。

, figureFileSmall=OLIxFZdiss41S4v829/ovw==, figureFileBig=5F2PskkYqVHyzZ/rbgxSiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786705208365823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Pseudo time analysis reveals the differentiation trajectory of stem cells in inflammatory environment

A-the predicted differentiation trajectory of colon stem cells; B-the functional changes of stem cells during differentiation; C-the heat map showing the genes that were significantly up-regulated/down-regulated along the quasi-temporal trajectory; D-the GO enrichment results of the up/down-regulated genes along the pseudo-temporal trajectory.

, figureFileSmall=FxKgp1agLuAE/j7HzNtvHg==, figureFileBig=zwoFYjjGwEFmUkYZnzXb/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786705313223428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=CN, label=图3, caption=拟时序分析揭示炎症环境下干细胞的分化轨迹

A-Monole 2预测的结肠干细胞的分化轨迹;B-干细胞分化过程中的功能变化;C-热图展示沿拟时间轨迹显著上调/下调的基因;D-沿拟时间上/下调基因的GO富集结果。

, figureFileSmall=FxKgp1agLuAE/j7HzNtvHg==, figureFileBig=zwoFYjjGwEFmUkYZnzXb/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786705409692424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Analysis of cell-to-cell interactions between cell subsets

A-intensity and number of interactions between normal and colitis samples; B-the heatmap displays the changes in interactions between inflammatory samples and normal samples relative to each other. The color scale of the heatmap represents the ratio of interaction quantity between normal samples and inflammatory samples; C-chord diagram of the interaction pairs of stem cells as recipient cells and stromal cells as ligand cells.

, figureFileSmall=BUjoZoBhbkbRomedgLYbgg==, figureFileBig=StvK5l9aEwNDD1hQzYFymQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786705552298766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=CN, label=图4, caption=细胞亚群间的细胞互作分析

A-正常样本与结肠炎样本的互作强度与互作数量;B-热图展示炎症样本相对正常样本的互作改变情况,热图颜色标度为正常样本的互作数量与炎症样本的互作数量的比值;C-干细胞作为受体细胞,基质细胞作为配体细胞的互作对数量弦图。

, figureFileSmall=BUjoZoBhbkbRomedgLYbgg==, figureFileBig=StvK5l9aEwNDD1hQzYFymQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786705665544979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Alteration of the interaction promotes the aging of stem cells in an inflammatory environment

A-UMAP of stromal cells; B-stromal cell-stem cell ligand-receptor interaction strength in normal/inflammatory stage; C-ligand gene expression distribution in stromal cells; D-senMayo senescence score of each epithelial cell subset; E-senMayo senescence score for stem cells of normal/inflammatory origin.

, figureFileSmall=hJY+PckjfrZL2XmEyjnaQA==, figureFileBig=v9Yr/N/28TRI7ZaYuJwQNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786705791374104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692426804871784, language=CN, label=图5, caption=互作关系的改变促进干细胞在炎症环境下的衰老

A-基质细胞的UMAP图;B-基质细胞-干细胞在正常/炎症阶段的配-受体对互作强度;C-配体基因在基质细胞的表达分布;D-各上皮细胞亚群的senMayo衰老评分;E-正常/炎症来源干细胞的senMayo衰老评分。

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单细胞测序揭示溃疡性结肠炎中干细胞的衰老状态
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马屹诺 , 陶飞飞 , 周莉莎 , 王美晶 , 赵立鑫 , 孙洋 *
中国药学杂志 | 炎症性肠病研究专栏 2024,59(17): 1565-1572
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中国药学杂志 | 炎症性肠病研究专栏 2024, 59(17): 1565-1572
单细胞测序揭示溃疡性结肠炎中干细胞的衰老状态
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马屹诺, 陶飞飞, 周莉莎, 王美晶, 赵立鑫, 孙洋*
作者信息
  • 南京大学生命科学学院, 医药生物技术全国重点实验室, 南京 210023
  • 马屹诺,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:药理学

通讯作者:

* 孙洋,男,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:抗炎免疫药理Tel:(025)89681312
Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Senescence State of Stem Cells in Ulcerative Colitis
Yinuo MA, Feifei TAO, Lisha ZHOU, Meijing WANG, Lixin ZHAO, Yang SUN*
Affiliations
  • National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
出版时间: 2024-09-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.17.003
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目的 分析溃疡性结肠炎发生发展过程中细胞类型以及基因表达的动态变化。方法 采用单细胞测序技术对溃疡性结肠炎模型鼠以及正常鼠的肠道组织进行生物信息学分析。经过质控,共有58 714个细胞用于构建结肠炎数据集进行下游分析,再通过降维聚类、基因本体(gene ontology,GO)分析和Monocle拟时间分析等技术手段着重分析了结肠炎发生发展过程中的上皮区室变化。结果 在结肠炎样本中细胞亚群与细胞亚群间的互作关系相比于正常样本发生了明显变化。分析结果发现,大多数上皮细胞亚型在结肠炎阶段遭到破坏而数量减少。对维持干细胞功能十分重要的Wnt通路出现了抑制。Ppia(Cyclophilin A)-Bsg(Basigin)配-受体对在炎症样本中的表达降低。结论 炎症状态下基质细胞分泌的Ppia耗竭导致干细胞衰老,最终扰乱上皮细胞稳态而加重结肠炎。

单细胞测序  /  溃疡性结肠炎  /  肠道上皮细胞  /  干细胞

OBJECTIVE To analyze the dynamic changes of cell types and protein expression during the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis. METHODS Single-cell sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal tissues of ulcerative colitis model mice and normal mice. After quality control, a total of 58 714 cells were used to construct a colitis dataset for downstream analysis. Then, the changes of epithelial compartments in the process of colitis occurrence and development were analyzed by means of dimensionality reduction clustering, GO analysis and Monocle quasi-time analysis. RESULTS Compared with the normal samples, the interaction between cell subsets in colitis samples changed significantly. The analysis revealed that most epithelial cell subtypes were destroyed and reduced in number during the colitis phase. The Wnt pathway was inhibited, which is important for maintaining stem cell function. The Ppia-Bsg ligand receptor pair was highly expressed in normal samples. CONCLUSION The depletion of Ppia secreted by stromal cells in the inflammatory state leads to stem cell senescence, which ultimately disrupts the homeostasis of epithelial cells and aggravates colitis.

single-cell sequencing  /  ulcerative colitis  /  intestinal epithelial cell  /  stem cell
马屹诺, 陶飞飞, 周莉莎, 王美晶, 赵立鑫, 孙洋. 单细胞测序揭示溃疡性结肠炎中干细胞的衰老状态. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (17) : 1565 -1572 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.17.003
Yinuo MA, Feifei TAO, Lisha ZHOU, Meijing WANG, Lixin ZHAO, Yang SUN. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Senescence State of Stem Cells in Ulcerative Colitis[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (17) : 1565 -1572 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.17.003
溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)是一种累及结肠黏膜及黏膜下层的慢性炎性疾病。它主要从直肠持续向结肠近端延伸,表现为广泛的黏膜炎症和溃疡[1]。UC是由于遗传、环境影响及免疫失调等多种因素相互作用而产生,关于UC的肠上皮细胞发生的变化目前尚不清楚[2-3]。尽管治疗取得了进展,但只有约40%的患者在一年后达到临床缓解,因此现在仍迫切需要创新的诊断和治疗策略[4]
单细胞RNA测序(single cell RNA-seq,scRNA-seq)能够在转录层面高分辨率地表征组织的基因表达水平,为进一步了解疾病发生机制提供了数据基础[5-6]。scRNA-seq技术揭示了参与疾病发病机制的细胞亚群,为将基因组与病理联系起来提供了新的见解。有研究表明,肠道黏膜屏障损伤成为UC发生发展的重要因素。肠道黏膜屏障由多种肠道上皮细胞协同构成,肠道上皮细胞又是由肠道干细胞(intestinal stem cell,ISC)分化而来[7-8]。因此,利用scRNA-seq技术研究ISC在UC状态下细胞类型以及蛋白表达的动态变化对研究UC的发生发展机制有着重要意义。
本实验通过对正常样本和UC样本进行单细胞测序并进行深入分析,通过分析UC状态下的细胞类型和细胞亚群间的配-受体对的基因表达的影响,推断结肠炎环境中的细胞互作改变,以了解UC主要细胞群的差异表达基因及其作用机制,为该病的临床诊治提供参考。
2.5%葡聚糖硫酸钠盐(dextran sulfate sodium salt,DSS;货号:160110,MP Biomedicals公司);组织解离试剂盒[货号:1020012,新格院生物科技(中国江苏)公司],其他实验用化学品(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司);微型离心机(Centrifuge 5425,美国Thermo Fisher公司)用于收集解离的单细胞悬液。
C57BL/6j小鼠[雄性,SPF,8周,(20±2)g,集萃药康公司]。所有小鼠(n=9)保持在22~25 ℃的温度下,湿度为50%~55%,暗光循环为12 h, 动物福利和实验程序是根据实验动物护理和使用指南(美国国立卫生研究院)和南京大学的相关伦理法规进行的。动物实验伦理经南京大学动物实验福利伦理审查委员会通过,批准编号为IACUC-2010010。
小鼠驯化3 d后,对照组小鼠正常饮水,模型组小鼠连续7 d给予溶于饮用水2.5% DSS诱导UC模型,然后正常饮水约14 d后,再次连续7 d给予溶于饮用水2.5%DSS,最后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,取出结肠组织。
首先,从小鼠中获得健康/炎症组织样本后立即进行处理,将每个样品切成小块(<1 mm3)。接着,使用组织解离试剂盒消化小鼠的组织样本以获得单细胞悬浮液。然后按照10x Genomics制造商的方案,将浓度为1 000 cells·μL-1的单细胞悬浮液加载到10x Genomics Chromium Controller上进行单细胞微流控分选。将逆转录试剂、条形码凝胶珠和分配油与细胞混合,在乳液中生成单细胞凝胶珠以进行后续逆转录、文库构建与上机测序。
首先,使用CellRanger软件(版本v3.1.0)对数据进行比对、条形码分配和UMI计数,参考集为GRCh38-3.0.0。然后,使用R中的Seurat包(版本v4.3.0)[9]将过滤后的计数矩阵转换为稀疏矩阵,排除表达少于200个基因或多于40 000个基因的细胞,以及线粒体读数超过20%的细胞。接着对数据进行对数归一化和缩放,并回归计算由于UMI计数和线粒体读数百分比引起的细胞间变异。然后通过“FindClusters”函数进行细胞聚类,使用主成分分析(PCA)提取前10个主成分定义细胞身份,最后使用“RunUMAP”函数进行降维和可视化。针对亚群细胞聚类,不同类型的细胞被单独提取,并根据它们各自的前20个主成分基于视觉检查使用不同的分辨率进行聚类。
基于单细胞数据集,计算在各个样本中炎症基因的相对表达量,以基因集的相对表达量为评估炎症特征的标志。用以计算炎症特征的基因包括IFNGIFNGR1、IFNGR2、IL10、IL12AIL12BIL12RB1、IL12RB2、IL13、IL17AIL17F等42个炎症相关基因,炎症基因集来自Smillie等[10]定义的结肠炎相关的炎症基因。
Monole2 (v2.24.0)用于细胞拟时间分析[11]。用于进行排序的基因集是根据干细胞中的差异表达基因定义的。利用Differential Gene Test函数探索细胞分化过程中的基因动力学。通过评估细胞在各片段中的基因表达,揭示了基因随细胞分化的变化趋势。
使用Seurat(v4.3.0)中的“Add Module Score”函数计算自定义目标基因集的平均表达量。该函数计算单个细胞亚群内特征基因集的平均表达水平,减去随机选择的对照基因集特征集平均表达情况,作为特征基因集的打分。本研究对于Wnt通路抑制强度、抗原呈递强度以及senMayo衰老基因集打分的分析基于该方法。
为了识别细胞相互作用,应用了基于Cell Chat的细胞通讯分析[12]。Cell Chat将基因表达数据作为输入,通过将基因表达与现有配-受体数据库集成,对细胞间通讯的概率进行建模,基于相互作用计算均值和细胞通讯显著性,从而获得两个细胞亚群之间的配体-受体对的互作概率与互作强度。
所有的统计分析基于R语言(v4.2.3),结果均表示为(均值±标准差)。本文使用Cluster Profiler提供的函数进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)富集分析,并使用默认方法即超几何分布检验以及Benjamini & Hochberg法计算P值与校正P值;差异基因的P值基于Seurat包提供的Wilcoxon秩和检验方法计算;另外,同样使用Wilcoxon秩和检验计算不同样本间的细胞数量变化的显著性。
为了探究结肠炎发生发展过程中的细胞类型以及基因表达的动态变化,本研究对DSS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型(n=5)以及正常小鼠的肠道组织(n=4)进行单细胞测序(图1A)。小鼠在饮用2.5% DSS溶液后,出现了明显的体质量下降,此外,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色显示,健康小鼠结肠黏膜形态正常,可见正常平行隐窝结构,隐窝内有整齐排列的杯状细胞;而DSS组小鼠结肠组织可见隐窝萎缩与隐窝分支,杯状细胞减少或其中黏液消失,证明DSS成功诱导了小鼠溃疡性结肠炎发生[13] (图1B)。
经过质控、去除线粒体含量过高、空液滴以及双细胞等测序质量不佳的单元后,共有58 714个细胞用于构建结肠炎数据集进行下游分析。经过数据预处理以及降维聚类后,依据特征分子的表达水平,将数据集注释为五个细胞区室,包括上皮细胞(Epcam+,n=19 642),基质细胞(Col1a1+/Pecam+,n=13 239),髓系细胞(Lyz2+,n=11 614),T细胞(Cd3d+,n=7 084)与B细胞(Ms4a1+,n=7 135)。紧接着,分别对每一个细胞区室进行重新预处理、降维聚类以及细胞注释,共鉴定出了39个细胞亚型(图1C、D)。
在细胞组成数量上,正常样本上皮细胞的数量高于结肠炎样本(P=0.025 9),髓系(P=0.034 1)与B细胞(P=0.035 5)数量普遍低于结肠炎样本,而基质(P=0.830 8)和T细胞(P=0.186 3)数量在两类样本间异质性较大,没有明显区别。结肠炎进展中上皮的破坏[14]以及免疫细胞浸润[15]等事件的发生可能导致了这种细胞数量差异(图1E)。此外,基于炎症基因集对各样本的炎症严重程度进行打分,结果显示相对于正常样本,结肠炎样本的炎症打分大多呈现升高趋势,这与造模情况相符(图1F)。令人意外的是,DSS 4样本的炎症分数较低,推测是由于DSS 4样本制备过程中免疫细胞的丢失导致,因为该样本中的免疫细胞占比较低(图1E),因此,这不会对后续针对上皮细胞等其他细胞区室的分析产生不良影响。
由于结肠炎进展中上皮细胞会出现破坏以及表型变化,因此首先聚焦于上皮细胞在结肠炎发展中的改变。上皮区室包含7种主要的细胞亚型,分别是肠上皮细胞(enterocytes,E01)、杯状细胞(goblet cells,E02)、肠道干细胞(stem cells,E03)、过渡增殖细胞(transit amplifying cell,E04)、簇状细胞(tuft cells,E05)、肠嗜铬细胞(enterochromaffin cells,E06)与肠内分泌细胞(enteroendocrine cells,E07)(图2A2B)。
从细胞亚群的组成来看,部分上皮细胞亚型(E05、E06与E07)在结肠炎阶段遭到破坏而数量显著减少,这与上皮细胞在炎症阶段减少的趋势相符(图2C);令人意外的是,肠道干细胞的数量反而在结肠炎中增多,根据报道[16],肠道炎症存在的情况下往往会出现肠道干细胞的凋亡或功能缺失而非数量增加,这与本实验结果不符。为了了解干细胞在结肠炎进展中的功能变化,本研究鉴定了干细胞在结肠炎样本相对正常样本显著变化的基因,其中49个基因上调,31个基因下调(图2D)。选择上/下调基因集中变化显著的子集进行GO分析,结果显示干细胞在结肠炎阶段上调的通路有Wnt信号通路负调节功能、多肽抗原的加工与传递、MHC Ib表达增多等(图2E2F);下调的通路包括细胞消化和碳酸脱水酶活性等(图2E)。
不难发现,在结肠炎阶段中,对维持干细胞功能十分重要的Wnt通路出现了抑制[17],同时抗原呈递相关基因表达增加,意味着干细胞在结肠炎阶段虽然数量增加,但是出现了表型改变,可能无法发挥正常干细胞维持肠道上皮细胞稳态的功能,进而促进了结肠炎进展。
通过使用Monocle 2推断干细胞的拟时间分化轨迹以描绘其在结肠炎进展中的动态变化过程。基于干细胞在结肠炎样本以及正常样本的差异基因作为排序基因重建了干细胞的拟时间分化轨迹,在该轨迹中,正常干细胞处于分化起点,结肠炎细胞按推断的分化顺序排列在轨迹的主干上(图3A)。
对处于轨迹上的每个细胞的抗原呈递能力以及Wnt通路抑制信号进行打分,发现两类功能的打分均与拟时间呈正相关,这提示,随着分化进行,干细胞的Wnt的抑制信号增加,抗原呈递能力也增强(图3B)。
鉴定了随拟时间改变的基因,包括上调与下调基因,并对这些基因进行了GO分析(图3C3D)。在随干细胞分化而下调的基因中,富集到的条目包括内肽酶活、丝氨酸内肽酶活等;有趣的是,在随干细胞分化而上调的基因中,富集的条目除Wnt抑制活性外,还有数个响应胞外环境变化的条目,例如糖胺聚糖结合、硫化合物结合与细胞黏附因子结合等,这可能意味着胞外环境变化带来的蛋白互作的改变重塑了干细胞表型。
使用Cell Chat评估不同细胞亚群间的配-受体对的基因表达推断结肠炎环境中的细胞互作改变,尤其是干细胞相关的细胞互作变化。通过统计所有细胞亚群间的互作网络,计算所有配-受体对的互作数量与互作强度的总量,发现在结肠炎样本中,细胞间互作的强度与互作数量均高于正常组(图4A)。
进一步地,热图展示了在结肠炎样本中所有细胞亚群间的互作关系相对正常样本的变化趋势,注意到,基质细胞作为配体,肠道干细胞作为受体的互作关系在结肠炎样本中上调最明显(图4B4C)。前文分析显示干细胞在炎症环境下响应胞外环境的通路上调,而基质细胞往往直接参与胞外环境的构建,据此推测,炎症环境下基质细胞的配体表达变化可能改变了肠道干细胞的表型,并最终导致肠道上皮稳态失调,促进结肠炎发生发展。
在Cell Chat分析结果中,进一步提取了炎症中基质细胞-干细胞互作中改变显著的配-受体对(图5A5B),同时,还鉴定了配体基因在基质细胞上的表达谱变化(图5C)。需要强调的是,Ppia-Bsg作为唯一在炎症样本中表达降低的配-受体对,已经有报道[18]称Ppia的耗竭会导致干细胞的衰老状态,并且Ppia的表达在炎症基质细胞中也降低。因此,这一信号的缺失有可能使炎症肠道干细胞转化为衰老状态;对于大部分配-受体对而言,在炎症阶段的相互作用增强,例如Ptn-Sdc4、Lamb1-Dag1与Col1a2-Cd44等,意味着基质细胞有可能通过上调这些信号促进干细胞的衰老状态(图5B)。
为了确定炎症中干细胞的一系列表型(变化如抗原呈递能力以及Wnt通路抑制信号增强)是由衰老带来的改变,使用Saul等[19]总结的SenMayo基因集鉴定数据集中干细胞的衰老情况。SenMayo基因集能够在单细胞水平上表征衰老细胞并识别关键的细胞间信号通路,在所有的上皮细胞亚群中,E03干细胞具有最高的衰老评分(图5D),而且结肠炎干细胞的衰老评分显著高于正常干细胞(图5E)。
本研究以DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型为基础,建立了一个结肠炎数据集,并通过降维聚类、GO分析与Monocle拟时间分析等技术手段着重分析了结肠炎发生发展过程中的上皮区室变化,同时提出,基质细胞分泌的Ppia在炎症状态下耗竭会导致干细胞衰老,最终扰乱上皮细胞稳态,加重结肠炎。
在哺乳动物中,肠上皮是最活跃的自我再生组织,依赖隐窝底部的干细胞的分化增殖进行更新[20]。当干细胞衰老发生后,其再生能力受损,导致肠道功能障碍,导致40岁以上人群患肠道疾病的风险大大提高,其中包括溃疡性结肠炎[21]。在肠道衰老尤其是干细胞衰老过程中,与免疫细胞和微生物组的直接相互作用会导致肠道慢性炎症,并与肠道干细胞内在变化协同作用以在衰老过程中建立和维持慢性炎症[22]。本研究的数据提示,干细胞衰老过程中发生了Wnt抑制信号增强和抗原呈递能力增强等表型改变,实际上,这些表型已经被证明在干细胞衰老中发生[23-24]。本研究进一步证实了炎症环境下的干细胞衰老状态,并描述了这一过程的分子景观。
此外,本研究还提出了炎症环境下耗竭的Ppia可能是促进干细胞衰老的因素之一。Ppia-CD147相互作用,通过激活CD147介导的细胞内下游信号通路,在多种疾病的进展包括抗凋亡、提高细胞干性以及促进增殖等[25]中至关重要。此外,Ppia作为一种分子伴侣在细胞内也可单独发挥作用,确保干细胞的结构蛋白质组多样性,保护其免受错误折叠蛋白质的积累和随后的蛋白毒性应激带来的细胞衰老风险[26]。在结肠组织中,基质细胞可能以旁分泌的模式为干细胞提供Ppia,帮助其维持分化活性。
目前,干细胞疗法是溃疡性结肠炎治疗的研究方向之一。溃疡性结肠炎主要的治疗手段包括利用生物制剂促进STAT3通路激活,从而恢复干细胞活性,进行上皮修复[27];也有研究小组将类器官来源的肠道干细胞移植到受损结肠中,从而促进结肠修复[28]。本研究提供了炎症环境下干细胞衰老的分子景观,针对这一过程中的如Ppia设计治疗方案将有助于溃疡性结肠炎治疗方案的改进。
  • 国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项资助(2022YFC3500200)
  • 国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项资助(2022YFC3500202)
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.17.003
  • 接收时间:2024-04-26
  • 首发时间:2025-12-30
  • 出版时间:2024-09-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-26
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国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项资助(2022YFC3500200)
国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项资助(2022YFC3500202)
作者信息
    南京大学生命科学学院, 医药生物技术全国重点实验室, 南京 210023

通讯作者:

* 孙洋,男,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:抗炎免疫药理Tel:(025)89681312
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/10.11669/cpj.2024.17.003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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