Article(id=1212692425412362834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692423956939344, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)17-1605-15, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.17.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1699286400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767058004953, onlineDateStr=2025-12-30, pubDate=1725724800000, pubDateStr=2024-09-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767058004953, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767058004953, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058004953, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212692423956939344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='17', pageStart='1553', pageEnd='1664', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767058004596, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058886858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212696124457140722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692423956939344, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212696124457140723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692423956939344, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1605, endPage=1619, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212692425739518550, articleId=1212692425412362834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Difference of Chemical Components in Different Parts of Alangium chinense by UPLC-MS/MS, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To idenntify the whole chemical components of different extracts of alangium chinense root and fibrous root using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS), and screen the index components of different medicinal parts”. METHODS UPLC-MS/MS technology was used to analyze the total components of alcoholic extract (ALE), water extract (ALW) of Alangium chinense root, alcoholic extract (AFE) and water extract (AFW) of Alangium chinense fibrous root. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and other multivariate statistical analysis were used to screen and analyze the chemical components with significant differences in different medicinal parts of Alangium chinense. RESULTS A total of 406 active chemical components were identified from the extract of Alangium chinense. The mass spectrometry cracking rules of phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids were summarized and analyzed in different medicinal parts. Twenty Index components such as fraxin, loganic acid and benzoyleneurea were screened from different medicinal parts. CONCLUSION There were obvious differences in the components of different medicinal parts and different extracts of Alangium chinense. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and alkaloids are the main compounds, and they were mainly concentrated in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for clarifying the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality differences of different parts of Alangium chinense, and lays a foundation for rapid identification, quality control and further development and utilization of Alangium chinense.

, correspAuthors=Ying ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xinyue WANG, Chang LIU, Xiaoying YANG, Mengwei NIU, Tingting FENG, Hui SHI, Ying ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212692429602472683, articleId=1212692425412362834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于UPLC-MS/MS 技术的苗药八角枫不同部位化学成分差异研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS)快速鉴定八角枫药材根和须根不同提取液的整体化学成分,筛选不同药用部位指标性成分。方法 采用UPLC-MS/MS技术对八角枫根醇提液(ALE)、水提液(ALW)及须根醇提液(AFE)、水提液(AFW)进行全成分分析,应用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)等多元统计分析,筛选不同药用部位八角枫药材中具有显著差异的化学成分并对其进行分析。结果 从八角枫提取液中共鉴定出406个活性化学成分,总结了酚酸类、黄酮类、生物碱类、萜类等成分的质谱裂解规律,并在不同药用部位中筛选出秦皮苷、马钱子苷酸、亚苯甲酰基脲等20个指标性成分。结论 八角枫不同药用部位及不同提取液所含的成分存在明显差异,差异化合物主要为酚酸类、黄酮类及生物碱类化合物,且主要富集在类黄酮生物合成途径。该研究为八角枫药效学物质基础阐明及八角枫不同部位品质差异提供了科学依据,并为八角枫药材的快速鉴定、质量控制与深入开发利用奠定了基础。

, correspAuthors=周英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 周英,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量控制研究及中药新药的研究开发 Tel:13595102335
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王馨悦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药及民族药化学及中药新药的研究

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王馨悦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药及民族药化学及中药新药的研究

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王馨悦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药及民族药化学及中药新药的研究

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Intern Immunopharmacol, 2016, 38: 175-185., articleTitle=Isomeranzin suppresses inflammation by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization through the NF-κB and ERK pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212786720639209537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=26, issue=4, pageStart=9, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=GONG Y M, DENG G H, ZHEN X H, journalName=China Pharm(中国药业), refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG Y M, DENG G H, ZHEN X H, et al. Study on the content of alkaloid and the raw of hydrolysis of Radix Aconite Lateralis during decocting process[J]. China Pharm(中国药业), 2017, 26(4):9-15., articleTitle=Study on the content of alkaloid and the raw of hydrolysis of Radix Aconite Lateralis during decocting process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212786720710512706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=47, issue=19, pageStart=3543, pageEnd=3550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=JIANG T, ZHANG J, MUKADAISI S, journalName=Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG T, ZHANG J, MUKADAISI S, et al. Research progress in hydrolysis mechanism and LC-MS determination method of genus Aconitum L. based on traditional Chinese medicine simulation processing[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), 2016, 47(19):3543-3550., articleTitle=Research progress in hydrolysis mechanism and LC-MS determination method of genus Aconitum L. based on traditional Chinese medicine simulation processing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1212786720773427267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=48, issue=4, pageStart=258, pageEnd=261, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=PENG W W, LIU S S, WANG Y, journalName=Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG W W, LIU S S, WANG Y, et al. Effect of compatibility of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparate and Zingiber offiicinale Bosc on the contents of four aconitum alkaloids[J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2013, 48(4):258-261., articleTitle=Effect of compatibility of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparate and Zingiber offiicinale Bosc on the contents of four aconitum alkaloids, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1212786713693443068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, awardId=黔科合平台人才[2019]5407, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划项目资助(黔科合平台人才[2019]5407), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1212786713764746239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, awardId=QZYYZDXK(JS)-2021-03, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省“十四五”中医药、民族医药重点学科项目资助(QZYYZDXK(JS)-2021-03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1212786713857019905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, awardId=黔教技[2023]069号, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省教育厅2023年度自然科学研究项目资助(黔教技[2023]069号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1212786713961877508, 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articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Total ion chromatograms of positive ions (A) and negative ions (B) in the extract of Alangium chinense, figureFileSmall=TIVitDbOqzyJssS7NrhPtg==, figureFileBig=rWVo8rK0gUGSHxwt90jJXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786709218120572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=图2, caption=八角枫提取液正离子(A)、负离子(B)总离子流图, figureFileSmall=TIVitDbOqzyJssS7NrhPtg==, figureFileBig=rWVo8rK0gUGSHxwt90jJXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786709306200959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Secondary mass spects of anabasine(A) and its possible cracking mode(B), figureFileSmall=nL8bVBRMmngvtr8KfIkY3g==, figureFileBig=7FXN/zK5qZ1+uB156+9Edg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786709385892739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, 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of hyperoside(A) and its possible cracking mode(B), figureFileSmall=IaCU7fIFWu8yYX3BL9030g==, figureFileBig=j7iZS7erqxY1/UXoigRcOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786709713048469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=图5, caption=槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷(金丝桃苷)二级质谱图(A)和可能的裂解方式(B), figureFileSmall=IaCU7fIFWu8yYX3BL9030g==, figureFileBig=j7iZS7erqxY1/UXoigRcOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786709784351640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Secondary mass spects of quercetin-3-O-rutinose(A) and its possible cracking mode(B), figureFileSmall=J3xoX5O1RmTSTMPXntyR2g==, figureFileBig=qnyDtxZ/V6xXs/25iGbFYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786709859849115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=图6, caption=槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(芦丁)二级质谱图(A)和可能的裂解方式(B), figureFileSmall=J3xoX5O1RmTSTMPXntyR2g==, figureFileBig=qnyDtxZ/V6xXs/25iGbFYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786709943735201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Secondary mass spects of dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(A) and its possible cracking mode(B), figureFileSmall=pP+doj9z8yRJcSFsKBTU/w==, figureFileBig=S/j/MQlg2+m2yqb2dIaKrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786710107313064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=图7, caption=脱氢双松柏醇二级质谱图(A)和可能的裂解方式(B), figureFileSmall=pP+doj9z8yRJcSFsKBTU/w==, figureFileBig=S/j/MQlg2+m2yqb2dIaKrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786710207976364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Secondary mass spects of 3,3'-O-methylellagic acid(A) and its possible cracking mode(B), figureFileSmall=kACEkLGRZTAWUQZr6H8skQ==, figureFileBig=/0CQHuqpET69lpv/nC/FAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786710296056753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=图8, caption=3,3'-O-二甲基鞣花酸二级质谱图(A)和可能的裂解方式(B), figureFileSmall=kACEkLGRZTAWUQZr6H8skQ==, figureFileBig=/0CQHuqpET69lpv/nC/FAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786711554347960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Secondary mass spects of loganic acid(A) and its possible cracking mode(B), figureFileSmall=LljIaWnXIS+ZxGzjrkEuew==, figureFileBig=oC82nEOQVdEXv7i19fWUEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786711680177083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=图9, caption=马钱苷酸二级质谱图(A)和可能的裂解方式(B), figureFileSmall=LljIaWnXIS+ZxGzjrkEuew==, figureFileBig=oC82nEOQVdEXv7i19fWUEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786711806006206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=PCA of different extract and dosage groups of medicinal parts of Alangium chinense

ALW-water extract from root of Alangium chinense; AFW-water extract from fibrous root of Alangium chinense; ALE-ethanol extract from root of Alangium chinense; AFE-ethanol extract from fibrous root of Alangium chinense.

, figureFileSmall=imeBeY3yOhPz3Tgq+oWRJQ==, figureFileBig=JlHpG0zc9BUf1RxZedxwqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1212786711894086594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=图10, caption=八角枫不同提取液及不同药用部位各剂量组主成分分析(PCA)

ALW-八角枫根水提液;AFW-八角枫须根水提液;ALE-八角枫根醇提液;AFE-八角枫须根醇提液。

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Information table of 5 batches of Alangium chinense

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Harvest date Place of origin(in Chinese) Harvesting site Sample number
1 2022.08.10 Ceheng,Guizhou(贵州册亨) Fibrous root CH1
Root
2 2022.09.08 Ceheng,Guizhou(贵州册亨) Fibrous root CH2
Root
3 2022.08.21 Longli,Guizhou(贵州龙里) Fibrous root LL1
Root
4 2022.09.19 Longli,Guizhou(贵州龙里) Fibrous root LL2
Root
5 2022.08.07 Guiyang,Guizhou(贵州贵阳) Fibrous root GY
Root
), ArticleFig(id=1212786712942662635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

八角枫5个批次样品信息表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Harvest date Place of origin(in Chinese) Harvesting site Sample number
1 2022.08.10 Ceheng,Guizhou(贵州册亨) Fibrous root CH1
Root
2 2022.09.08 Ceheng,Guizhou(贵州册亨) Fibrous root CH2
Root
3 2022.08.21 Longli,Guizhou(贵州龙里) Fibrous root LL1
Root
4 2022.09.19 Longli,Guizhou(贵州龙里) Fibrous root LL2
Root
5 2022.08.07 Guiyang,Guizhou(贵州贵阳) Fibrous root GY
Root
), ArticleFig(id=1212786713022354411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Statistics of the number of different compounds in different medicinal parts and different extracts of Alangium chinense

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Classification of
substances
Significant difference in the number of compounds
AFW vs AFE ALW vs ALE AFE vs ALE AFW vs ALW
Phenolic acids 118 118 120 120
Flavonoids 59 62 62 62
Alkaloids 66 66 67 67
Terpenoids 48 48 50 50
Lignans and coumarins 47 50 50 50
Quinones 7 7 7 7
Tannins 2 2 2 2
Others 45 46 46 46
Total 392 399 404 404
), ArticleFig(id=1212786713152377838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

八角枫不同药用部位及不同提取溶剂中差异化合物数量统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Classification of
substances
Significant difference in the number of compounds
AFW vs AFE ALW vs ALE AFE vs ALE AFW vs ALW
Phenolic acids 118 118 120 120
Flavonoids 59 62 62 62
Alkaloids 66 66 67 67
Terpenoids 48 48 50 50
Lignans and coumarins 47 50 50 50
Quinones 7 7 7 7
Tannins 2 2 2 2
Others 45 46 46 46
Total 392 399 404 404
), ArticleFig(id=1212786713240458224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Indicative compounds in different extracts of Alangium chinense

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Compounds Formula Ionization model Classify VIP P-value Type
1 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-propanol C10H9NO3 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.85 0.02 Up
2 1-O-p-Coumaroyl-β-D-glucose C8H6N2O2 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.81 0.02 Up
3 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol C14H22O [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.90 0.03 Up
4 Sinapaldehyde-4-O-glucoside C17H22O9 [M+H]+ Phenolic acids 1.95 0.04 Up
5 Vanillic acid-4-O-glucoside C14H18O9 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.87 0.04 Up
6 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol C14H22O [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.90 0.03 Up
7 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid C15H18O8 [M-H]- Alkaloids 1.91 0.04 Up
8 Benzoyleneurea C30H48O3 [M+H]+ Alkaloids 1.61 0.03 Up
9 3-Epiursolic acid C27H30O15 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.85 0.04 Up
10 Fraxin C16H18O10 [M-H]- Lignans and coumarins 1.70 0.01 Up
), ArticleFig(id=1212786713311761394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

八角枫不同提取溶剂指标性成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Compounds Formula Ionization model Classify VIP P-value Type
1 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1-propanol C10H9NO3 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.85 0.02 Up
2 1-O-p-Coumaroyl-β-D-glucose C8H6N2O2 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.81 0.02 Up
3 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol C14H22O [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.90 0.03 Up
4 Sinapaldehyde-4-O-glucoside C17H22O9 [M+H]+ Phenolic acids 1.95 0.04 Up
5 Vanillic acid-4-O-glucoside C14H18O9 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.87 0.04 Up
6 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol C14H22O [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.90 0.03 Up
7 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid C15H18O8 [M-H]- Alkaloids 1.91 0.04 Up
8 Benzoyleneurea C30H48O3 [M+H]+ Alkaloids 1.61 0.03 Up
9 3-Epiursolic acid C27H30O15 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.85 0.04 Up
10 Fraxin C16H18O10 [M-H]- Lignans and coumarins 1.70 0.01 Up
), ArticleFig(id=1212786713404036085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Indicative compounds in different medicinal parts of Alangium chinense

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Compounds Formula Ionization model Classify VIP P-value Type
1 1-O-Galloyl-β-D-glucose C13H16O10 [M+H]+ Phenolic acids 1.39 0.02 Up
2 2-Amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid C8H9NO3 [M+H]+ Phenolic acids 1.38 0.04 Down
3 1-O-p-Coumaroyl-β-D-glucose C15H18O8 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.20 0.02 Up
4 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde C7H6O2 [M+H]+ Phenolic acids 1.43 0.01 Up
5 6-O-Acetylarbutin C14H18O8 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.43 0.03 Up
6 Prunin C21H22O10 [M-H]- Flavonoids 1.39 0.03 Down
7 Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside C27H30O15 [M+H]+ Flavonoids 1.41 0.02 Down
8 Aromadendrin-7-O-glucoside C21H22O11 [M-H]- Flavonoids 1.42 0.03 Down
9 Esculin C15H16O9 [M-H]- Lignans and coumarins 1.33 0.01 Down
10 Fraxin C16H18O10 [M-H]- Lignans and coumarins 1.41 0.03 Down
11 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid C10H9NO3 [M-H]- Alkaloids 1.43 0.01 Up
12 Benzoyleneurea C8H6N2O2 [M+H]+ Alkaloids 1.39 0.03 Up
13 Deoxyvasicinone C11H10N2O [M+H]+ Alkaloids 1.39 0.01 Down
14 Theophylline C7H8N4O2 [M-H]- Alkaloids 1.39 0.04 Down
15 L-Carnitine C7H15NO3 [M+H]+ Alkaloids 1.33 0.01 Up
16 Loganic acid C16H24O10 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.43 0.03 Up
17 8-Epiloganic acid C16H24O10 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.42 0.03 Up
18 3-Epiursolic acid C30H48O3 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.35 0.04 Down
19 Pisiferic acid C20H28O3 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.38 0.03 Up
20 Mussaenosidic acid C16H24O10 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.42 0.04 Up
), ArticleFig(id=1212786713504699384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692425412362834, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同药用部位显著指标性成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Compounds Formula Ionization model Classify VIP P-value Type
1 1-O-Galloyl-β-D-glucose C13H16O10 [M+H]+ Phenolic acids 1.39 0.02 Up
2 2-Amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid C8H9NO3 [M+H]+ Phenolic acids 1.38 0.04 Down
3 1-O-p-Coumaroyl-β-D-glucose C15H18O8 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.20 0.02 Up
4 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde C7H6O2 [M+H]+ Phenolic acids 1.43 0.01 Up
5 6-O-Acetylarbutin C14H18O8 [M-H]- Phenolic acids 1.43 0.03 Up
6 Prunin C21H22O10 [M-H]- Flavonoids 1.39 0.03 Down
7 Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside C27H30O15 [M+H]+ Flavonoids 1.41 0.02 Down
8 Aromadendrin-7-O-glucoside C21H22O11 [M-H]- Flavonoids 1.42 0.03 Down
9 Esculin C15H16O9 [M-H]- Lignans and coumarins 1.33 0.01 Down
10 Fraxin C16H18O10 [M-H]- Lignans and coumarins 1.41 0.03 Down
11 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid C10H9NO3 [M-H]- Alkaloids 1.43 0.01 Up
12 Benzoyleneurea C8H6N2O2 [M+H]+ Alkaloids 1.39 0.03 Up
13 Deoxyvasicinone C11H10N2O [M+H]+ Alkaloids 1.39 0.01 Down
14 Theophylline C7H8N4O2 [M-H]- Alkaloids 1.39 0.04 Down
15 L-Carnitine C7H15NO3 [M+H]+ Alkaloids 1.33 0.01 Up
16 Loganic acid C16H24O10 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.43 0.03 Up
17 8-Epiloganic acid C16H24O10 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.42 0.03 Up
18 3-Epiursolic acid C30H48O3 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.35 0.04 Down
19 Pisiferic acid C20H28O3 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.38 0.03 Up
20 Mussaenosidic acid C16H24O10 [M-H]- Terpenoids 1.42 0.04 Up
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基于UPLC-MS/MS 技术的苗药八角枫不同部位化学成分差异研究
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王馨悦 , 刘畅 , 杨小英 , 牛梦伟 , 俸婷婷 , 石慧 , 周英 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(17): 1605-1619
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(17): 1605-1619
基于UPLC-MS/MS 技术的苗药八角枫不同部位化学成分差异研究
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王馨悦, 刘畅, 杨小英, 牛梦伟, 俸婷婷, 石慧, 周英*
作者信息
  • 贵州中医药大学药学院, 药食两用资源应用与开发研究中心, 贵阳 550025
  • 王馨悦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药及民族药化学及中药新药的研究

通讯作者:

* 周英,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量控制研究及中药新药的研究开发 Tel:13595102335
Difference of Chemical Components in Different Parts of Alangium chinense by UPLC-MS/MS
Xinyue WANG, Chang LIU, Xiaoying YANG, Mengwei NIU, Tingting FENG, Hui SHI, Ying ZHOU*
Affiliations
  • Research Center for Application and Development of Medicinal and Food Resources, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2024-09-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.17.008
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目的 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS)快速鉴定八角枫药材根和须根不同提取液的整体化学成分,筛选不同药用部位指标性成分。方法 采用UPLC-MS/MS技术对八角枫根醇提液(ALE)、水提液(ALW)及须根醇提液(AFE)、水提液(AFW)进行全成分分析,应用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)等多元统计分析,筛选不同药用部位八角枫药材中具有显著差异的化学成分并对其进行分析。结果 从八角枫提取液中共鉴定出406个活性化学成分,总结了酚酸类、黄酮类、生物碱类、萜类等成分的质谱裂解规律,并在不同药用部位中筛选出秦皮苷、马钱子苷酸、亚苯甲酰基脲等20个指标性成分。结论 八角枫不同药用部位及不同提取液所含的成分存在明显差异,差异化合物主要为酚酸类、黄酮类及生物碱类化合物,且主要富集在类黄酮生物合成途径。该研究为八角枫药效学物质基础阐明及八角枫不同部位品质差异提供了科学依据,并为八角枫药材的快速鉴定、质量控制与深入开发利用奠定了基础。

八角枫  /  超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术  /  不同部位  /  差异化合物  /  裂解规律

OBJECTIVE To idenntify the whole chemical components of different extracts of alangium chinense root and fibrous root using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS), and screen the index components of different medicinal parts”. METHODS UPLC-MS/MS technology was used to analyze the total components of alcoholic extract (ALE), water extract (ALW) of Alangium chinense root, alcoholic extract (AFE) and water extract (AFW) of Alangium chinense fibrous root. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and other multivariate statistical analysis were used to screen and analyze the chemical components with significant differences in different medicinal parts of Alangium chinense. RESULTS A total of 406 active chemical components were identified from the extract of Alangium chinense. The mass spectrometry cracking rules of phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids were summarized and analyzed in different medicinal parts. Twenty Index components such as fraxin, loganic acid and benzoyleneurea were screened from different medicinal parts. CONCLUSION There were obvious differences in the components of different medicinal parts and different extracts of Alangium chinense. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and alkaloids are the main compounds, and they were mainly concentrated in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for clarifying the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality differences of different parts of Alangium chinense, and lays a foundation for rapid identification, quality control and further development and utilization of Alangium chinense.

Alangium chinense  /  UPLC-MS/MS  /  different part  /  differential compound  /  cracking law
王馨悦, 刘畅, 杨小英, 牛梦伟, 俸婷婷, 石慧, 周英. 基于UPLC-MS/MS 技术的苗药八角枫不同部位化学成分差异研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (17) : 1605 -1619 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.17.008
Xinyue WANG, Chang LIU, Xiaoying YANG, Mengwei NIU, Tingting FENG, Hui SHI, Ying ZHOU. Difference of Chemical Components in Different Parts of Alangium chinense by UPLC-MS/MS[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (17) : 1605 -1619 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.17.008
八角枫为八角枫科药用植物八角枫[Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms]的干燥细须根或干燥支根,具有舒筋活络、散瘀止痛、祛风除湿之功效,是贵州省少数民族常用药,在贵州苗族聚居区被广泛用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、心力衰竭、跌打损伤等症,其性热,属冷经,有小毒,质征麻、微苦,走中关,入身架[1]。《贵州苗药·兴仁卷》中记载了36种含有八角枫的民间处方,在《中国苗医药》《民族医药与方剂学》《苗族医药学》《苗药方剂学》等苗医药书籍收集的842首风湿单验方中,八角枫的使用频次为100次,并且作为“消痹灵合剂”“风湿定片”“枫荷梨祛风湿酒”等制剂的主药,临床使用价值和市场潜力巨大。
目前关于八角枫药材的研究大多集中在药理作用、含量测定等方面。现代药理研究表明,八角枫具有镇痛、抗炎、抗风湿、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等药理作用[2-4],尤其在治疗关节炎、跌打损伤方面具有优异疗效[5-7]。但八角枫药材具有较大毒性,在古籍文献中均有记载,《本草从新》谓八角枫根苦辛,温,毒烈,《本草纲目拾遗》记载其有毒,以须根毒性更大。临床报道服用过量可引起头昏、眼花、恶心、胸闷、心率减慢,严重者全身软瘫,最后呼吸抑制而死亡[8]。目前从八角枫中分离得到生物碱类、酚苷类、萜类、黄酮类等化合物[9-11],课题组前期对八角枫化学成分进行了研究,并从中分离到8个化合物,其中alangchnin A为新化合物[12]。研究表明,八角枫生物碱中的八角枫碱是一种双相型中草药肌松剂,不仅是八角枫药材的主要成分,也是其毒性的主要来源[13-15],具有一定神经毒性,能抑制神经细胞及神经胶质细胞的增殖,抑制神经元轴突的生长[16],静脉快速给药八角枫碱会对心血管造成冲击,引起心律失常及呼吸兴奋[17],并且其含量与八角枫药材毒性大小呈正相关[18-19]。然而,八角枫的化学成分检测手段多停留在传统的高效液相色谱法[20-22],缺乏对八角枫化学成分整体系统的研究。因此,基于次生代谢组学,利用UPLC-MS/MS技术探究八角枫的内在成分差异对八角枫药材合理利用、质量标准的制定及进一步开发具有重大意义。
八角枫可供药用部位较多,包括主根或侧根、须状根、茎干、叶、花等,用药以根及须根为主,其中须根在民间被称为“白龙须”,具有祛风除湿、舒筋活络、散瘀止痛等功效[2],支根被称为“白金条”。研究表明,八角枫不同药用部位其浸出物含量不同,须根的水溶性浸出物及醇溶性浸出物含量均高于根[23],且主要毒性成分八角枫碱的含量分布依次为须根>支根>主根>根茎>茎,须根中含量为0.95%,支根为0.13%,根茎仅为须根的5%左右[22],这表明八角枫不同药用部位成分及其积累存在一定差异。《贵州省中药材、民族药质量标准》中以八角枫根及须根为同一药用,且无确切的质控指标,化学物质基础研究较为薄弱,不同药用部位的混用及药效物质的不明确、不清晰使该药材难以实现商品药材标准化,从而难以保证其临床疗效的一致性。
因此,本实验采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)技术对八角枫不同药用部位的不同提取溶剂中的化学成分进行分析鉴定,结合文献报道、自建数据库、在线数据库等多种途径对八角枫中的化学成分进行鉴定,归纳总结其裂解规律。并通过主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)及正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA),筛选导致不同药用部位及其不同提取液差异的化合物,分析其主要代谢通路,以期为明晰八角枫发挥药效及毒性作用的物质基础和进一步开发利用提供科学依据。
超高效液相色谱(UPLC,ExionLCTMAD,美国SCIEX公司);串联质谱(MS/MS,Applied Biosystems 6500 QTRAP,美国应用生物系统公司);Q-TOF6600(美国SCIEX公司);UV-5100型紫外可见分光光度计(上海元析仪器有限公司);MS105DU型电子分析天平(上海梅特勒托利多仪器有限公司)。
甲醇、二氯甲烷(分析级);甲醇、乙腈、甲酸(色谱纯)。总生物碱(批号G0150F)、总黄酮(批号G0118F)、总酚(批号G0117F)试剂盒均购自苏州格锐思生物科技有限公司。
5批八角枫药材分别采自贵州省册亨县、贵州省龙里县、贵州省贵阳市,经贵州中医药大学魏升华教授鉴定均为八角枫[Alangium chinense( Lour.)Harms]的须根和根,样品信息见表1
将八角枫根和须根各粉碎过筛,精密称量,加生药量10倍体积蒸馏水浸泡30 min,煮沸提取2 h,抽滤,药物残渣再加8倍体积蒸馏水煮沸提取1.5 h,滤过,合并2次得到的滤液,浓缩成质量浓度为1.728 g·mL-1八角枫根、须根水提液,4 ℃保存备用。
将八角枫根和须根各粉碎过筛,精密称取药粉,加入生药量10倍体积分数75%乙醇加热回流1.5 h,倒出圆底烧瓶内液体,收集回流液冷却至室温,进行抽滤,药物残渣再加8倍体积分数75%乙醇提取1.5 h,滤过,合并2次得到的滤液,将滤液放入冰箱低温静置24 h,取上清液用旋转蒸发仪进行浓缩,蒸去乙醇,4 ℃保存备用。
根据试剂盒内样本制备方法对样品中总生物碱、总黄酮、总酚进行提取,分别在415、510、760 nm处对提取液吸光度值进行测定,根据对应标准曲线计算其含量。
Agilent SB-C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8 μm);流动相:A相为超纯水(加入体积分数0.1%的甲酸),B相为乙腈;洗脱梯度程序:0.00~9.00 min, 5%~95%B;9.00~10.00 min,95%B;10.00~11.00 min,95%~5%B;11.00~14.00 min,5%B;流速为0.35 mL·min-1;柱温为40 ℃;进样量为2 μL。
电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization,ESI)温度500 ℃;离子喷雾电压(IS)5 500 V(正离子模式)/-4 500 V(负离子模式);离子源气体Ⅰ(GSI),气体Ⅱ(GSII)和气帘气(CUR)分别设置为50、60和25 Pa,碰撞诱导电离参数设置为高。QQQ扫描使用MRM模式,并将碰撞气体(氮气)设置为中等。通过进一步去簇电压(declustering potential,DP)和碰撞能(collision energy,CE)优化,完成了各个MRM离子对的DP和CE。根据每个时期内洗脱的代谢物,在每个时期监测一组特定的MRM离子对。
基于MWDB数据库(metware database),根据二级谱信息对物质定性,利用三重四极杆质谱的多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)定量。获得不同样本代谢物的质谱后对所有物质质谱峰的峰面积进行积分,并对其中同一代谢物在不同样本中的质谱出峰进行积分校正。采用多元统计分析,通过PCA、OPLS-DA对样本进行分析。根据OPLS-DA模型的变量重要性投影(variable importance in projection,VIP),初步筛选出不同药用部位及不同提取液中差异的代谢物,对组中代谢物进行差异倍数(fold change,FC)值计算和排序,进一步筛选代谢物,并利用京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)数据库对相应差异代谢物进行代谢通路分析,最终再根据P<0.05筛选得到指标性化合物。
取5个批次样品适量,按“2.1.3”项下方法对样品进行提取测定,得不同批次八角枫提取液中总生物碱、总酚、总黄酮含量,结果见图1。结果表明,5个批次八角枫须根中总生物碱、总酚、总黄酮含量均高于根,且不同批次之间含量变化趋势一致,样品稳定,研究具有一定代表性,可用于后续研究。
取“2.1”项下供试品溶液各适量,按“2.2”项下色谱和质谱条件进样分析,得八角枫提取液的总离子流图(图2)。利用软件Analyst 1.6.3处理质谱数据,将所获得的次生代谢物数据与数据库比对,共定性鉴别出提取液中406个化合物,其中酚酸类化合物120个,如4-羟基苯甲酸、2-羟基-3-苯基丙酸、2,4-二羟基苯乙酸甲酯等;黄酮类化合物62个,如isoetin(5,7,2',4',5'-五羟基黄酮)、次衣草亭、苜蓿素(麦黄酮)等,其中黄酮醇类化合物有16个,如槲皮素、槲皮素-3,4'-二甲醚、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(异槲皮苷)等;生物碱类化合物68个,如(-)-八角枫碱、2-(2-苯并噻唑基硫代)乙醇、5-羟色胺等,其中吲哚类生物碱22个,如吲哚-3-甲醛、吲哚酮、β-咔啉-1-丙酸等;木脂素和香豆素类化合物50个,其中香豆素29个,如东莨菪内酯、泽兰内酯、异橙皮内酯等;萜类51个,如马钱子苷酸、脱氢松香酸、牡荆内酯等;醌类化合物7个,如2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌、酸藤子酚、5-羟基-2,3-二氢萘-1,4-二酮等;鞣质化合物2个,为3,3'-O-二甲基鞣花酸、鞣花酸;其他类化合物42个,如14-甲基十五烷酸甲酯、9,12-亚油酸乙酯、1-茚酮等。
生物碱为八角枫中主要活性成分,已报道的天然活性生物碱结构和种类多样,从八角枫提取液共鉴定出68种生物碱类化合物,其中八角枫碱既是八角枫的有毒成分,又是其有效成分,具有典型的吡啶-哌啶类结构骨架,故以该化合物为例,说明此类化合物的推测过程及其可能的裂解途径。该化合物[M+H]+准分子离子峰为m/z 163.124 0,推测其分子式为C10H14N2,先脱去一分子NH3,得到碎片离子m/z 146.096 4[M+H-NH3]+,m/z 118.065 1[M+H-NH3-C2H4]+碎片离子表明脱去一个C2H4,在此基础上再脱去一个C2H2,得到离子碎片m/z 92.049 5[M+H-NH3-C2H4-C2H2]+,同时还检测到m/z 80.049 5和m/z 84.080 8的碎片离子,结合MWDB数据库及文献报道,可推测该化合物为八角枫碱,裂解过程见图3
酚酸类化合物是苯环上连接了羟基或者羧基的苯环衍生物,从八角枫提取液共鉴定出120种酚酸类化合物,水杨苷、没食子酸、香草酸等是八角枫发挥抗炎药效的主要活性成分。以没食子酸甲酯为例,准分子离子峰为m/z 183.029 9[M-H]-,推测其分子式为C8H8O5,在离子模式下脱去一分子甲基得到二级碎片离子m/z 168.006 4[M-H-CH3]-,再脱去一分子CO2,得到特征碎片离子m/z 124.016 6[M-H-CH3-CO2]-,结合MWDB数据库及文献报道,可推测该化合物为没食子酸甲酯,裂解过程见图4
从八角枫提取液中共鉴别出62个黄酮类化合物,以金丝桃苷和芦丁为例阐释黄酮类化合物化学成分裂解途径及规律的鉴定过程。以金丝桃苷为例,其准分子离子峰为m/z 465.104 [M+H]+,表明该化合物相对分子质量为464,m/z 465.104[M+H]+失去一分子葡萄糖(m/z 162)或半乳糖基(m/z 162)得到m/z 303.049 6,为苷元为槲皮素黄酮类物质的特征离子,初步鉴定该峰代表的物质为槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷或槲皮素-3-O-半乳糖苷(金丝桃苷),裂解过程见图5。二级质谱碎片离子中m/z 611.161[M+H]+失去一分子鼠李糖基(m/z 146)得到m/z 465.102,再失去一分子鼠李糖和葡萄糖基生成m/z 303.050,根据文献,结合数据库分析,推测该峰代表的物质为芦丁,裂解过程见图6
从八角枫提取液共鉴定出50种木脂素和香豆素类化合物,以脱氢双松柏醇为例,准分子离子峰为m/z 359.148 9[M+H]+,推测其分子式为C20H22O6,在正离子模式下脱去一分子CH4O,得到特征碎片离子m/z 327.122 7[M+H-CH4O]+,再脱去一分子CO和CH4,得到m/z 299.127 8和m/z 283.096 5的碎片离子,在此基础上再脱去一分子CH2O,得到m/z 253.085 9[M-H-CH3-CO2-CO-CH4-CH2O]+的碎片离子。结合MWDB数据库及文献报道,可推测该化合物为脱氢双松柏醇,裂解过程见图7
以3,3'-O-二甲基鞣花酸为例阐释鞣质类化学成分裂解途径及规律的鉴定过程。3,3'-O-二甲基鞣花酸准分子离子峰为m/z 331.044 8[M+H]+,丢失一分子CH3生成碎片离子m/z 316.021 4,或者丢失一分子CH4O,得到特征碎片离子m/z 299.018 6[M+H-CH4O]+,碎片m/z 271.023 7由其进一步丢失一分子CO生成,裂解过程见图8
以马钱苷酸为例,准分子离子峰为m/z 375.129 7[M-H]-,丢失一分子葡萄糖后生成苷元碎片离子m/z 213.076 8,再脱去一分子CO2和H2O,生成m/z 169.087 0和m/z 151.076 5的碎片离子,裂解过程见图9
PCA与OPLS-DA PCA是一种无监督模式识别的多维数据统计分析方法,通过对样本(包括质控样品)进行主成分分析,以便初步了解各组样本之间的总体代谢物差异和组内样本之间的变异度大小。将实验原始质谱数据通过预处理之后导入到R软件进行多元统计分析,由PCA得分图(图10)可知,第一主成分和第二主成分的贡献率分别为39.05%和31.75%,4组样本在二维图上表现出明显的分离趋势,表明八角枫不同药用部位(ALW vs AFW、ALE vs AFE)和不同提取液(ALW vs ALE、AFW vs AFE)的各剂量组所含的成分存在明显差异。接下来采用OPLS-DA对各组分进行两两组合分析,验证结果表明,AFW vs AFE组R2Y、R2X、Q2值,分别为0.999、0.868和0.874;ALW vs ALE组R2Y、R2X、Q2值,分别为0.997、0.855和0.827;ALE vs AFE组R2Y、R2X、Q2值,分别为0.998、0.904和0.979;ALW vs AFW组R2Y、R2X、Q2值,分别为0.998、0.870和0.965,各组OPLS-DA模型的评价参数中各指标均大于0.5,说明模型构建良好,预测性可靠,模型结果显示模型均有意义,见图11
基于OPLS-DA 结果,选取FC≥2和FC≤0.5的代谢物为差异显著;根据VIP≥ 1 筛选差异代谢物,结果见表2。八角枫须根提取液中共检测出171个差异化合物,AFW与AFE相比,有126个差异化合物上调,45个差异化合物下调,见图12A;八角枫根提取液中共鉴别出178个差异化合物,ALW与ALE相比,有126个差异化合物上调,52个差异化合物下调,见图12B
同样方法筛选不同药用部位差异代谢物,结果见图13。八角枫醇提液中共检测出307个差异化合物, AFE与ALE相比,有127个差异化合物上调,180个差异化合物下调,见图13A。八角枫水提液中共检测出291个差异化合物, AFW与ALW相比,有114个差异化合物上调,177个差异化合物下调,见图13B
结果表明,提取液中酚酸类、黄酮类、生物碱类及萜类成分的数量及含量发生明显变化,这些成分为八角枫中的主要成分[24-26]。不同药用部位差异化合物数量虽相同,但其表达量不同,这也是导致其药效、毒效差异的主要原因。因此,接下来对差异化合物进行进一步的分析。
为了进一步了解不同提取液及不同药用部位八角枫中差异代谢物的变化,将筛选、鉴定出的差异代谢物映射到KEGG通路上进行注释和通路富集分类分析,见图14。八角枫须根与根提取液的差异化合物均分布于20条代谢通路,见图14A、14B,类黄酮生物合成、次生代谢产物合成、黄酮和黄酮醇的合成是主要的富集代谢途径,其中极显著差异代谢通路(P<0.05)为类黄酮生物合成途径,在根与须根中有18个差异代谢物被该通路注释,包括木犀草素、花旗松素(二氢槲皮素)、乔松素 (二氢白杨素)、紫铆花素、五羟黄酮、芹菜素、白杨素、根皮素、槲皮素、二氢杨梅素 (蛇葡萄素)、5,4'-二羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮 (樱花素)、山柰酚、根皮苷、表阿夫儿茶精、绿原酸 (3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸)、5-O-对香豆酰奎宁酸、橙皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷和表没食子儿茶素。其中,芹菜素可以减轻创伤性骨折大鼠的炎症反应[27-29],其抗肿瘤效果突出;木犀草素可以改善炎性疾病中的炎性介质释放降低神经炎症疾病的严重程度[30]等,与八角枫的药理作用息息相关[26],这些差异化合物可能是导致其用药部位不同的原因之一。
八角枫醇提液与水提液的差异化合物分别分布于36、32条代谢通路,见图14C、14D,类黄酮生物合成途径、黄酮和黄酮醇合成、酪氨酸代谢、次生代谢产物合成为主要生物合成途径,其中极显著差异代谢通路(P<0.05)为类黄酮生物合成途径、黄酮和黄酮醇合成途径。可见,八角枫不同药用部位及不同提取液中的差异化合物均主要富集在类黄酮生物合成途径。
在上述已筛选的差异化合物中,根据P<0.05筛选,在八角枫不同提取液中共得到10个指标性成分,主要为酚酸类化合物,且都为上调;在八角枫须根和根中共得到20个指标性成分,数量明显高于不同提取液中差异化合物数量,表明相较于不同提取液,八角枫不同药用部位对其化合物成分及含量影响更为显著,具体化合物分别见表34。值得关注的是,除了筛选得到的差异化合物,作为八角枫的主要毒效成分八角枫碱虽未具有显著性差异,但其在须根中的相对含量约是根中的100倍,这可能也是导致八角枫不同药用部位差异性的原因之一。
为方便直接观察代谢物变化规律,对显著差异代谢物进行热图分析,结果见图15,图中红色区域代表差异代谢物的高表达区,蓝色区域代表差异代谢物的低表达区。在不同提取溶剂组的比较中,醇提物主要集中于红色高表达区域,而水提物主要集中于蓝色低表达区域,醇提物中5种[2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、1-(4-甲氧苯基)-1-丙醇、1-O-对香豆酰-β-D-葡萄糖、3-表熊果酸]差异代谢物的表达量显著高于水提液,这可能是因为酚酸类化合物通常以结合态与碳水化合物、蛋白质、结合在一起,不易提出,采用有机溶剂提取能使其氢键断裂易于溶出[31],在提取液中含量更高。
8-表马钱子苷酸、左旋肉碱、玉叶金花苷酸、马钱子苷酸、日本花柏酸、5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸、3-羟基苯甲醛、亚苯甲酰基脲、6-O-乙酰熊果苷在须根中的表达量显著高于根,其中环烯醚萜类成分马钱子苷酸、8-表马钱子苷酸具有保肝、抗炎镇痛、抑菌、抗氧化等活性[32-33],日本花柏酸具有良好的抗氧化、抗菌、抑制血管生成等活性[34]。同时,亚苯甲酰基脲是一种有毒化合物,常被用作一类杀虫剂使用[35],在八角枫水提液及须根中含量显著高于醇提液及根,这可能导致八角枫水提液及须根毒性更高,但有研究表明,八角枫根水煎液熏洗配合腰腿痹通胶囊口服治疗,能明显改善类风湿关节炎患者的临床症状及体征[36],治疗的同时是否对人体产生危害还有待进一步的研究。
八角枫作为我省少数民族地区的特色药材,临床应用普遍,化学成分复杂多样,主要含有生物碱类、酚苷类、萜类、黄酮类及挥发油类成分,但目前对八角枫的相关研究仍较少,其中生物碱类成分被认为是八角枫的主要活性成分,同时也是毒性成分,在《纲目拾遗》《贵阳民间草药》等均记载其有毒[21,37]
为了解析八角枫不同部位化学成分,探究不同部位中药效成分和毒性成分差异,本实验建立UPLC-MS/MS法对八角枫进行测定,结合自建数据库、网络数据库及文献报道,高效地对检测到的化合物碎片离子进行解析,鉴定其化合物结构,并对各类代表性成分的裂解规律进行归纳总结。黄酮类化合物的裂解主要以糖基及糖苷键的断裂、脱去羰基分子等为主,酚酸类化合物的裂解主要为失去羟基、羧基、C2H4等,生物碱类化合物的裂解主要为失去NH3、C2H4、C2H2等,木脂素和香豆素类化合物的裂解主要为失去CH4O、CO等,鞣质类化合物鉴定裂解主要为失去CH3、CH4O、CO等,萜类化合物裂解主要为失去Glu、CO2、H2O等。上述八角枫中的各类成分裂解规律与其他中药中各类成分裂解规律基本一致[38-41],这些裂解规律可为其药材及保健品中同类成分鉴定提供参考。
八角枫中最主要的生物碱为八角枫碱,即消旋毒藜碱(Dl-anabasine),有较好的肌肉松弛作用,在临床上被用作与肌松剂使用[42-43],但其具有一定毒性,中毒剂量与治疗量十分接近[44]。肝脏是毒性作用的主要靶器官,八角枫可以通过干扰肝的氧化应激和氨基酸代谢,诱导肝代谢紊乱,导致肝脏毒性[45]。现代研究表明,毒藜碱能诱导形成山羊先天性腭裂,抑制神经细胞及神经胶质细胞的增殖,并抑制神经元轴突的生长[16,46]。在本实验的结果中,八角枫碱虽未是指标性成分,但其在不同提取液及不同药用部位中均存在显著性差异,其中醇提液中八角枫碱的相对含量稍高于水提液,须根中八角枫碱相对含量明显高于根,这也与文献报道须根与根毒性大小不一,且须根毒性更强的情况相符[14,19,22]
KEGG结果表明,次生代谢产物合成及类黄酮生物合成途径对研究八角枫不同药用部位及不同提取液的毒效具有重要指导意义。在天然化合物中,类黄酮是重要的次生代谢产物,存在于大多数水果和蔬菜中,其中芹菜素具有良好的心脑血管保护、抗病毒、抗菌等[47-48]药理活性,可以通过影响SIRT3/PINK1/Parkin通路促进线粒体自噬,减轻小鼠神经毒性[49],并促进Ishikawa细胞死亡[50],在抗癌药物研制方面有巨大潜力,本实验结果表明,其在根中的含量远大于须根。在八角枫须根及根的化学成分鉴别结果中发现,4,5,6-三羟基-2-环己烯-1-亚乙乙腈、3-羟基苯甲醛、獐牙菜苷、6-O-乙酰熊果苷等仅在须根中鉴别出,且指标性化合物中茶碱、吲哚酮、L-酪胺等多种有毒生物碱类成分含量在不同药用部位含量均有差距,由此推测这可能是导致八角枫不同药用部位毒性不一的原因之一,同时也反映了苗药八角枫的毒性产生不只是单一成分所造成,而是多成分协同作用而造成的。根中特有的山柰酚具有抗炎、抗氧化等活性,在治疗类风湿性关节炎、改善骨质疏松等方面疗效显著[51-53];槲皮素是自然界中较强的抗氧化剂[54-55],其在须根中的含量远大于根。此部分差异显著化合物都与八角枫的功能主治息息相关,这可能是影响八角枫主要药效成分差异的关键,对八角枫不同药用部位化学成分差异的研究使八角枫的临床使用及进一步开发利用具有更大潜力。
醇提取物与水提取物结果表明,不同提取溶剂中化合物含量也存在差异,在八角枫水提液及醇提液中,次衣草亭、5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸、2-甲基苯甲酸及异橙皮内酯等仅在醇提液中鉴别出,异橙皮内酯作为中药化橘红的主要药理活性成分,可以通过NF-κB和ERK途径抑制M1巨噬细胞极化,从而发挥抑制炎症的作用[56];在八角枫须根提取液中,表儿茶素苷、5-甲氧基水杨酸、二氢异石榴皮碱等仅在水提液中鉴别出,这可能更多与化合物结构及其理化性质等有关,如附子经水煮可以使其双酯型生物碱水解等[57-59]
综上,本实验通过对八角枫不同部位指标性化合物的研究,旨在探究差异性组分对八角枫药效和毒性的影响, 同时通过多元统计学方法能更直观准确地反映出八角枫不同部位、不同溶剂提取后化学成分及其含量的变化情况,对于指导八角枫药材临床合理使用及深入探讨八角枫成分与药效和毒性之间的关联具有重要意义。研究结果不仅为八角枫药效物质基础阐明提供了重要依据, 也为进一步深入研究八角枫药材各部位和提取方式化学成分与药效、毒性的关联性提供了参考,为八角枫药材的合理使用、快速鉴定、质量控制与深入地开发利用奠定了基础。
  • 贵州省科技计划项目资助(黔科合平台人才[2019]5407)
  • 贵州省“十四五”中医药、民族医药重点学科项目资助(QZYYZDXK(JS)-2021-03)
  • 贵州省教育厅2023年度自然科学研究项目资助(黔教技[2023]069号)
  • 贵州省高层次创新型人才项目资助(黔科合平台人才-GCC[2023]047)
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2024年第59卷第17期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.17.008
  • 接收时间:2023-11-07
  • 首发时间:2025-12-30
  • 出版时间:2024-09-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-07
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贵州省科技计划项目资助(黔科合平台人才[2019]5407)
贵州省“十四五”中医药、民族医药重点学科项目资助(QZYYZDXK(JS)-2021-03)
贵州省教育厅2023年度自然科学研究项目资助(黔教技[2023]069号)
贵州省高层次创新型人才项目资助(黔科合平台人才-GCC[2023]047)
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    贵州中医药大学药学院, 药食两用资源应用与开发研究中心, 贵阳 550025

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* 周英,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量控制研究及中药新药的研究开发 Tel:13595102335
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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