Article(id=1200147949381583695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147945191469403, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)12-1156-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.12.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704211200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764067168803, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1718985600000, pubDateStr=2024-06-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764067168803, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764067168803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067168803, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200147945191469403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='12', pageStart='1065', pageEnd='1170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764067167804, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067403507, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200148933856035173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147945191469403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200148933856035174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147945191469403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1156, endPage=1160, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200147949704545113, articleId=1200147949381583695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Bacterial Endotoxins Test Method Study of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient of Insoluble Adrenaline, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for bacterial endotoxin test of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of insoluble adrenaline. METHODS According to the bacterial endotoxin test (BET) method in the general rule 1143 in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition, Volume Ⅳ), adrenaline API was dissolved with hydrochloric acid and diluted with BET water. The gel method and kinetic turbidimetric assay were used to carry out interference test and endotoxin recovery interference verification test. RESULTS Adrenaline API was dissolved with 0.1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid to 10 mg·mL-1, and then diluted 200 times or more by BET water, which had no interference effects to bacterial endotoxin test. CONCLUSION The BET method established in this study can be used for the bacterial endotoxin test of adrenaline API of adrenaline to control the product quality.

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目的 建立难溶性肾上腺素原料药细菌内毒素检查方法。方法 依照2020年版《中国药典》四部通则1143细菌内毒素检查法,用盐酸溶解肾上腺素,再用细菌内毒素检查用水(BET水)稀释,用凝胶法和动态浊度法进行干扰试验和内毒素回收干扰试验。结果 肾上腺素原料药用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶解制成质量浓度10 mg·mL-1的溶液,再用BET水稀释200倍及以上作为供试品对细菌内毒素检查法无干扰作用。结论 建立的细菌内毒素检查方法可用于肾上腺素原料药的细菌内毒素检查,控制其产品质量。

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张菊, 女,硕士 研究方向:药理毒理 Tel:(027)87705360

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张菊, 女,硕士 研究方向:药理毒理 Tel:(027)87705360

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Shanxi J Med(山西医药杂志), 2011, 40(2): 129-130., articleTitle=Research progress on clinical application ofepinephrine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147955702399119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ch.P(2020)Vol Ⅱ(中国药典2020年版.二部)[S]. 2020: 793-795., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147955807256721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EP 11.0 [S]. 2023:1886-1887., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147955928891542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=USP 43-NF38[S]. 2020: 9155-9158., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147956067303579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JP 18 [S]. 2021:417-418., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147956167966881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=6, pageStart=526, pageEnd=530, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=HAO M, JIAO J, LIU J P, journalName=Drug Stand China(中国药品标准), refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAO M, JIAO J, LIU J P. Establishment of bacterial endotoxin test for doxercalciferol[J]. Drug Stand China(中国药品标准), 2020, 21(6): 526-530., articleTitle=Establishment of bacterial endotoxin test for doxercalciferol, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147956277018789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=21, issue=2, pageStart=365, pageEnd=368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=YAN C Q, HUANG M M, WANG H P, journalName=J China Pharm(中国药师), refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN C Q, HUANG M M, WANG H P, et al. Establishment of bacterial endotoxin test for an insoluble drug substance[J]. 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Rechecking results of limulus amoebocyte lysate(LAL) sensitivity in bacterial endotoxin test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Bacterial endotoxin concentration/EU·mL-1 NC λ
/EU·mL-1
λc
/EU·mL-1
1.0 0.5 0.25 0.125
2102193 ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5 0.5
2103051 ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147953206788120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

细菌内毒素检查试验鲎试剂灵敏度复核结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Bacterial endotoxin concentration/EU·mL-1 NC λ
/EU·mL-1
λc
/EU·mL-1
1.0 0.5 0.25 0.125
2102193 ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5 0.5
2103051 ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147953320034333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Interference pre-test results of 0.001 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution on bacterial endotoxin detection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Series c(Hydrochloric acid)/mol·L-1 NC PC
0.01 0.005 0.001
2102193 A liquid -- -- -- -- ++
B liquid -- -- ++
2103051 A liquid -- -- -- -- ++
B liquid -- -- ++
), ArticleFig(id=1200147953429086245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

0.001 mol·L-1盐酸溶液对细菌内毒素检查的干扰预试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Series c(Hydrochloric acid)/mol·L-1 NC PC
0.01 0.005 0.001
2102193 A liquid -- -- -- -- ++
B liquid -- -- ++
2103051 A liquid -- -- -- -- ++
B liquid -- -- ++
), ArticleFig(id=1200147953529749549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Interference test results of 0.001 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution on bacterial endotoxin detection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Series Bacterial endotoxin concentration/ EU·mL-1 NC A
Liquid
Measured sensitivity
/EU·mL-1
1.0 0.5 0.25 0.125
2102193 B liquid ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
C liquid ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
2103051 B liquid ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
C liquid ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147953647190069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

0.001 mol·L-1盐酸溶液对细菌内毒素检查的干扰试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Series Bacterial endotoxin concentration/ EU·mL-1 NC A
Liquid
Measured sensitivity
/EU·mL-1
1.0 0.5 0.25 0.125
2102193 B liquid ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
C liquid ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
2103051 B liquid ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
C liquid ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147953747853371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Effects of 0.1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution on endotoxin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Constituencies Bacterial endotoxin concentration/ EU·mL-1 NC Measured sensitivity
/EU·mL-1
1.0 0.5 0.25 0.125
2102193 0.1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution ++++ ---- ---- ---- -- 1.0
BET water ++++ ++++ ---- ---- 0.5
2103051 0.1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
BET water ++++ ++++ ---- ---- 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147953915625537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液对内毒素的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Constituencies Bacterial endotoxin concentration/ EU·mL-1 NC Measured sensitivity
/EU·mL-1
1.0 0.5 0.25 0.125
2102193 0.1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution ++++ ---- ---- ---- -- 1.0
BET water ++++ ++++ ---- ---- 0.5
2103051 0.1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution ++++ ++++ ---- ---- -- 0.5
BET water ++++ ++++ ---- ---- 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147954108563528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Interference test results of 0.05 mg·mL-1 epinephrine solution on bacterial endotoxin test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Lot number of the
test product
Bacterial endotoxin concentration /EU·mL-1 Test
solution
NC Measured sensitivity
/EU·mL-1
1.0 0.5 0.25 0.125
2102193 20201101 ++++ ---- ---- ---- ---- -- 1.0
20201102 ++++ ---- ---- ---- ---- 1.0
20201103 ++++ ---- ---- ---- ---- 1.0
BET water ++++ ++++ ---- ---- / 0.5
2103051 20201101 ++++ ++++ ---- ---- ---- -- 0.5
20201102 ++++ +++- ---- ---- ---- 0.59
20201103 ++++ +++- ---- ---- ---- 0.59
BET water ++++ ++++ ---- ---- / 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147954251169871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

0.05 mg·mL-1肾上腺素溶液对细胞内毒素的干扰试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
LAL lot
number
Lot number of the
test product
Bacterial endotoxin concentration /EU·mL-1 Test
solution
NC Measured sensitivity
/EU·mL-1
1.0 0.5 0.25 0.125
2102193 20201101 ++++ ---- ---- ---- ---- -- 1.0
20201102 ++++ ---- ---- ---- ---- 1.0
20201103 ++++ ---- ---- ---- ---- 1.0
BET water ++++ ++++ ---- ---- / 0.5
2103051 20201101 ++++ ++++ ---- ---- ---- -- 0.5
20201102 ++++ +++- ---- ---- ---- 0.59
20201103 ++++ +++- ---- ---- ---- 0.59
BET water ++++ ++++ ---- ---- / 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147954519605330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Reliability test results of standard curve of bacterial endotoxin dynamic turbidimetry. n=3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Adplus endotoxin
/EU·mL-1
Mean reaction
time/s
Coefficient of
variation/%
Negative control >3 570 -
0.005 3 070 3.24
0.025 1 739 1.07
0.125 1 096 6.12
0.625 682 6.47
3.125 447 3.10
), ArticleFig(id=1200147954645434458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

细菌内毒素动态浊度法标准曲线的可靠性试验结果。n=3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Adplus endotoxin
/EU·mL-1
Mean reaction
time/s
Coefficient of
variation/%
Negative control >3 570 -
0.005 3 070 3.24
0.025 1 739 1.07
0.125 1 096 6.12
0.625 682 6.47
3.125 447 3.10
), ArticleFig(id=1200147954737709154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Interference test results of different concentrations of hydrochloric acid solution on bacterial endotoxin. n=2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid/mol·L-1 Dilution factor/times Plus endotoxin/EU·mL-1 Measured endotoxin/EU·mL-1 Coefficient of variation/% Recovery /%
0.01 100 0 <0.005 -
0.125 <0.005 - -
0.005 200 0 <0.005 -
0.125 <0.005 - -
0.001 1 000 0 <0.005 -
0.125 0.063 0.45 51
), ArticleFig(id=1200147954863538283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同浓度的盐酸对细菌内毒素干扰试验结果。n=2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid/mol·L-1 Dilution factor/times Plus endotoxin/EU·mL-1 Measured endotoxin/EU·mL-1 Coefficient of variation/% Recovery /%
0.01 100 0 <0.005 -
0.125 <0.005 - -
0.005 200 0 <0.005 -
0.125 <0.005 - -
0.001 1 000 0 <0.005 -
0.125 0.063 0.45 51
), ArticleFig(id=1200147954997756016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Recovery interference test results of bacterial endotoxin in epinephrine API. n=2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Lot number of the test product Dilution factor/times Plus endotoxin/EU·mL-1 Measured endotoxin/EU·mL-1 Coefficient of variation/% Recovery/%
20201101 200 0 <0.005 -
0.125 0.095 0.29 76
20201102 200 0 <0.005 -
0.125 0.010 4.99 80
20201103 200 0 <0.005 -
0.125 0.093 0.44 74
), ArticleFig(id=1200147955144556662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147949381583695, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

肾上腺素原料药中细菌内毒素回收干扰试验结果。n=2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Lot number of the test product Dilution factor/times Plus endotoxin/EU·mL-1 Measured endotoxin/EU·mL-1 Coefficient of variation/% Recovery/%
20201101 200 0 <0.005 -
0.125 0.095 0.29 76
20201102 200 0 <0.005 -
0.125 0.010 4.99 80
20201103 200 0 <0.005 -
0.125 0.093 0.44 74
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难溶性肾上腺素原料药细菌内毒素检查方法学研究
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张菊 , 吕晓君 , 杨雅婷 , 何开勇 , 沈佳特
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(12): 1156-1160
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(12): 1156-1160
难溶性肾上腺素原料药细菌内毒素检查方法学研究
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张菊, 吕晓君, 杨雅婷, 何开勇, 沈佳特
作者信息
  • 湖北省药品监督检验研究院,湖北省药品质量检测与控制工程技术研究中心,国家药品监督管理局血液制品质量控制重点实验室, 武汉 430064
  • 张菊, 女,硕士 研究方向:药理毒理 Tel:(027)87705360

Bacterial Endotoxins Test Method Study of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient of Insoluble Adrenaline
Ju ZHANG, Xiaojun LÜ, Yating YANG, Kaiyong HE, Jiate SHEN
Affiliations
  • NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Blood Products, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Drug Quality Control, Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan 430064, China
出版时间: 2024-06-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.12.012
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目的 建立难溶性肾上腺素原料药细菌内毒素检查方法。方法 依照2020年版《中国药典》四部通则1143细菌内毒素检查法,用盐酸溶解肾上腺素,再用细菌内毒素检查用水(BET水)稀释,用凝胶法和动态浊度法进行干扰试验和内毒素回收干扰试验。结果 肾上腺素原料药用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶解制成质量浓度10 mg·mL-1的溶液,再用BET水稀释200倍及以上作为供试品对细菌内毒素检查法无干扰作用。结论 建立的细菌内毒素检查方法可用于肾上腺素原料药的细菌内毒素检查,控制其产品质量。

细菌内毒素  /  难溶性  /  原料药  /  肾上腺素

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for bacterial endotoxin test of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of insoluble adrenaline. METHODS According to the bacterial endotoxin test (BET) method in the general rule 1143 in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition, Volume Ⅳ), adrenaline API was dissolved with hydrochloric acid and diluted with BET water. The gel method and kinetic turbidimetric assay were used to carry out interference test and endotoxin recovery interference verification test. RESULTS Adrenaline API was dissolved with 0.1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid to 10 mg·mL-1, and then diluted 200 times or more by BET water, which had no interference effects to bacterial endotoxin test. CONCLUSION The BET method established in this study can be used for the bacterial endotoxin test of adrenaline API of adrenaline to control the product quality.

bacterial endotoxin  /  insolubility  /  API  /  adrenaline
张菊, 吕晓君, 杨雅婷, 何开勇, 沈佳特. 难溶性肾上腺素原料药细菌内毒素检查方法学研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (12) : 1156 -1160 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.12.012
Ju ZHANG, Xiaojun LÜ, Yating YANG, Kaiyong HE, Jiate SHEN. Bacterial Endotoxins Test Method Study of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient of Insoluble Adrenaline[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (12) : 1156 -1160 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.12.012
肾上腺素是一种肾上腺素受体激动剂,可以直接作用于肾上腺素α、β受体[1],具有重要的生理及药理功能,临床上常作为急救用药物,用于支气管哮喘、过敏性休克或心脏骤停的抢救,也可用于荨麻疹、花粉症等过敏性疾病的治疗[2-4]。目前临床应用的肾上腺素剂型主要是注射剂,细菌内毒素检查为注射剂安全性检查的重要项目,建立肾上腺素原料药的细菌内毒素检查方法,从源头上减少内毒素污染风险,也是控制药品质量的重要一环,对于肾上腺素注射剂成品的质量控制及临床用药安全具有重要意义。《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)2020年版[5]、《欧洲药典》(EP 11.0)[6]《美国药典》(USP43-NF38)[7]及《日本药局方》(JP18)[8]中均收录了肾上腺素及肾上腺素注射液(含盐酸肾上腺素注射液),但没有对肾上腺素的细菌内毒素含量进行控制,目前笔者亦未见肾上腺素原料药细菌内毒素检查方法学研究的相关文献报道。肾上腺素原料药为白色或类白色结晶性粉末,且在水中不溶,建立细菌内毒素检查方法的前提是样品应溶于水或合适的溶剂中,使其溶解至澄清溶液后再进行细菌内毒素检验[9],否则不溶性微粒中可能包裹细菌内毒素导致假阴性结果[10],故选择合适的溶剂并进行方法适用性考察是本研究的重点。本研究采用凝胶法和动态浊度法对溶剂盐酸和肾上腺素进行干扰试验及内毒素回收试验,排除盐酸对细菌内毒素检查法的干扰,建立了肾上腺素的细菌内毒素质量控制方法,将为肾上腺素原料药质量标准中制定细菌内毒素检查项提供依据。
PKF96细菌内毒素定量检测仪(美国科德角公司);TAL-96G试管恒温仪(湛江安度斯生物有限公司);XP205电子天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司)。
肾上腺素原料药(湖北美林药业有限公司,批号20201101、20201102、20201103);细菌内毒素国家标准品(中国食品药品检定研究院,批号150800-201601,规格每支9 000 EU);动态浊度法鲎试剂(湛江安度斯生物有限公司,批号2111302,检测范围0.005~10 EU·mL-1);凝胶法鲎试剂(湛江安度斯生物有限公司,批号2102193,规格每支0.1 mL,灵敏度0.5 EU·mL-1);凝胶法鲎试剂(湛江博康海洋生物制品有限公司,批号2103051,规格每支0.1 mL,灵敏度0.5 EU·mL-1);细菌内毒素检查(BET)用水(湛江安度斯生物有限公司,批号2201110,规格每瓶100 mL),盐酸(湖南汇虹有限试剂有限公司,批号20220311)。
根据企业提供数据设定本品细菌内毒素的限值为:每 1 mg 肾上腺素中含细菌内毒素的量应小于10 EU。
取细菌内毒素国家标准品,加BET水分别制成2λλ、0.5λ、0.25λ(1.0、0.5、0.25、0.125 EU·mL-1)的溶液,以BET水为阴性对照(NC),按照《中国药典》2020 年版四部[11]通则 1143 细菌内毒素检查法中“鲎试剂灵敏度复核试验”项下进行操作。结果表明,两个厂家的鲎试剂灵敏度测定值λc均在0. 5λ~2.0λ,灵敏度检查均符合规定,可用于细菌内毒素检查。 结果见表1
将盐酸用BET水配制成1 mol·L-1储备液。
盐酸干扰预试验:将1 mol·L-1盐酸储备液用BET水制成摩尔浓度0.02、0.01、0.005、0.002、0.001 mol·L-1的盐酸系列溶液;取0.01、0.005、0.001 mol·L-1的盐酸系列溶液作为A液;取0.02、0.01、0.002 mol·L-1的盐酸溶液与4λ浓度(2.0 EU·mL-1)的细菌内毒素标准品溶液等体积混合,使成为含有2λ浓度内毒素(1.0 EU·mL-1)的0.01、0.005、0.001 mol·L-1的盐酸系列PPC溶液,作为B液。各取0.1 mL加入到已复溶的两个厂家的鲎试剂(λ为0.5 EU·mL-1)反应管内,每个浓度平行 2 管;另取 2 管加入 BET水作为阴性对照(NC),2 管加入2 λ浓度的内毒素标准品溶液作为阳性对照(PC)。 用λ为0.5 EU·mL-1的两个厂家的鲎试剂与上述系列溶液进行反应,结果见表2。预试验结果表明,0.001 mol·L-1盐酸对鲎试剂与内毒素的凝集反应无干扰。
盐酸正式干扰试验:将1 mol·L-1盐酸储备液用BET水制成0.002、0.001 mol·L-1溶液,细菌内毒素标准品用BET水制成4λ、2λλ、0.5λ、0.25λ浓度(2.0、1.0、0.5、0.25、0.125 EU·mL-1)的溶液。取0.001 mol·L-1盐酸溶液作为A液;取0.002 mol·L-1盐酸溶液与4λ、2λλ、0.5λ浓度的内毒素标准品溶液等体积混合,使成为含有2λλ、0.5λ、0.25λ浓度内毒素的0.001 mol·L-1盐酸溶液,作为B液;取2λλ、0.5λ、0.25λ浓度的内毒素标准品溶液作为C液。各取0.1 mL加入到已复溶的两个不同厂家生产的鲎试剂(λ为0.5 EU·mL-1)反应管内,A液平行做2管,B液、C液每个浓度平行做4管;另取细菌内毒素检查用水做2支阴性对照管(NC)。计算B液和C液实测鲎试剂灵敏度,结果见表3。结果表明,0.001 mol·L-1盐酸对鲎试剂与内毒素的凝集反应无干扰。
盐酸回收干扰试验:将1 mol·L-1盐酸储备液用BET水制成0.2 mol·L-1溶液,细菌内毒素标准品用BET水制成200、100、50、25 EU·mL-1的溶液,分别与0.2 mol·L-1盐酸等体积混匀,得含有100、50、25、12.5 EU·mL-1的0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液,再用BET水稀释100倍,得含有2λλ、0.5λ、0.25λ浓度内毒素的0.001 mol·L-1盐酸溶液。细菌内毒素标准品用BET水制成2λλ、0.5λ、0.25λ浓度的内毒素标准品溶液,作为鲎试剂标示灵敏度的对照系列。取上述系列溶液参照“2.2.2”进行干扰试验。因干扰试验系列溶液的盐酸终浓度为0.001 mol·L-1,在“2.2.2”中已验证其无干扰作用,未设0.001 mol·L-1盐酸对照组。结果见表4。盐酸回收干扰试验结果表明,将内毒素加入0.1 mol·L-1盐酸中,反应终点浓度的几何平均值均在0.5λ~2.0λ,无干扰作用。
细菌内毒素标准品用BET水制成200、100、50、25 EU·mL-1的溶液,与3批次肾上腺素10 mg·mL-1的供试品溶液等体积混匀,得含有100、50、25、12.5 EU·mL-1内毒素的5 mg·mL-1供试品溶液(盐酸的浓度为0.05 mol·L-1),再用BET水稀释100倍,得含有2λλ、0.5λ、0.25λ浓度内毒素的0.05 mg·mL-1供试品阳性对照溶液(盐酸的浓度为0.000 5 mol·L-1)。结果见表5。肾上腺素原料药回收干扰确证试验结果表明,反应终点浓度的几何平均值均在0.5λ~2.0λ,认为盐酸溶解肾上腺素的过程对细菌内毒素检查无干扰作用。
动态浊度法鲎试剂灵敏度为0.005~10 EU·mL-1,细菌内毒素标准品用BET水制成 3.125、0.625、0.125、0.025、0.005 EU·mL-1的溶液。各取 0.1 mL分别加到预先加有 0.1 mL鲎试剂的反应管内,混合均匀,插入细菌内毒素检测仪内进行检测,每浓度平行3 管;同时用BET水与鲎试剂反应作为阴性对照,平行 3管,反应温度为(37±1)℃,工作波长为660 nm,预设吸光度为0.02。结果见表6,计算得标准曲线回归方程为LgT=2.8- 0.3 LgC(T为反应时间,C为溶液中细菌内毒素浓度),其相关系数r的绝对值为0.999,反应时间在447~3 070 s,而阴性对照管反应时间>3 570 s,因此标准曲线成立,可用于细菌内毒素定量检查。
将1 mol·L-1盐酸储备液用BET水制成0.02、0.01、0.005、0.002、0.001 mol·L-1的盐酸系列溶液;取0.01、0.005、0.001 mol·L-1的盐酸系列溶液作为A液;取0.02、0.01、0.002 mol·L-1的盐酸溶液与2λm浓度(0.25 EU·mL-1)的细菌内毒素标准品溶液等体积混合,使成为含有λm浓度内毒素(0.125 EU·mL-1)的0.01、0.005、0.001 mol·L-1的盐酸系列PPC溶液,作为B液。进行干扰试验:分别取上述各液0.1 mL加到预先加有0.1 mL鲎试剂的反应管内,混合均匀,采用细菌内毒素定量检测仪检测,每浓度重复2管,检测条件同“2.3.1”项下。测定结束后,按标准曲线回归方程分别计算出盐酸溶液和含标准细菌内毒素λm的盐酸溶液中的细菌内毒素含量,计算回收率(B-A)/0.125×100%。结果见表7。干扰试验结果表明,0.01、0.005 mol·L-1盐酸加入内毒素后未测出,0.001 mol·L-1盐酸加入内毒素后回收率为51%,因此认为0.01、0.005 mol·L-1盐酸对鲎试剂与内毒素的凝集反应有干扰,0.001 mol·L-1盐酸对鲎试剂与内毒素的凝集反应无干扰。
最大有效稀释浓度(MVC)是指在试验中供试品溶液被允许达到稀释的最大浓度,在不超过此稀释浓度下进行内毒素限值的检测,用公式1确定MVC。
MVC=λ1/L
式中,L为供试品的细菌内毒素限值,λ1为凝胶法中鲎试剂标示灵敏度(EU·mL-1),或是在光度测定法中所使用的标准曲线上最低的内毒素浓度。本品细菌内毒素的限值为每1 mg肾上腺素中含细菌内毒素的量应小于10 EU,鲎试剂灵敏度λ1为0.005 EU·mL-1,计算可得MVC=0.000 5 mg·mL-1。3批次肾上腺素原料药用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶解配制为10 mg·mL-1溶液,用BET水稀释200倍得0.05 mg·mL-1供试品溶液;细菌内毒素标准品用BET水稀释至25 EU·mL-1,与10 mg·mL-1肾上腺素溶液等体积混匀,得含有12.5 EU·mL-1内毒素的5 mg·mL-1供试品溶液(盐酸的浓度为0.05 mol·L-1),再用BET水稀释100倍,得含有λm浓度内毒素(0.125 EU·mL-1)的0.05 mg·mL-1供试品阳性对照溶液(盐酸的浓度为0.000 5 mol·L-1),进行回收干扰试验。供试品溶液终浓度大于MVC,盐酸终浓度小于最大无干扰浓度0.001 mol·L-1。结果见表8。回收干扰试验结果表明,用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸为溶剂,测定内毒素的回收率为74%~80%,进一步确证供试品溶液用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶解肾上腺素后,可进行细菌内毒素检查。
鲎试剂与内毒素的反应需在水溶液环境中进行,难溶于水的原料药品则需要完全溶解才能确保内毒素不被样品包裹,从而在稀释过程释放到 BET水中,否则会产生假阴性的结果。肾上腺素原料药不溶于水,因此寻找合适的溶剂是本研究的关键。据溶解性考察结果,采用盐酸作为溶剂溶解肾上腺素,再用BET水稀释后得到均一的供试品溶液。为排除溶剂对细菌内毒素活性的影响,本研究通过凝胶法和动态浊度法考察了盐酸的最大无干扰浓度,并进行回收干扰试验。凝胶法和动态浊度法结果表明盐酸最大无干扰浓度为0.001 mol·L-1,盐酸溶液浓度为0.1 mol·L-1时,细菌内毒素检查试验(凝胶法)无干扰。
目前用于细菌内毒素检查凝胶法的市售鲎试剂灵敏度范围多在 0.5~0.03 EU·mL-1,本研究选择0.5 EU·mL-1灵敏度的鲎试剂,肾上腺素用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸配制成浓度的10 mg·mL-1再用BET水进一步稀释至MVC进行细菌内毒素干扰试验,能覆盖目前市售鲎试剂灵敏度范围。结果表明肾上腺素用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶解后制备成供试品溶液,对细菌内毒素检查无干扰作用。为确保盐酸溶解样品的方法能有效地排除干扰且不会使内毒素失去活性,本研究将内毒素预先添加至含0.1 mol·L-1盐酸的供试品溶液中再用BET水稀释至MVC进行细菌内毒素回收干扰试验,结果表明肾上腺素用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸制备成供试品溶液的过程对细菌内毒素检查无干扰作用,回收率为74%~80%。因此,拟定其细菌内毒素检查方法为:取供试品适量,加入适量0.1 mol·L-1盐酸,旋混至完全溶解,制成浓度为10 mg·mL-1的溶液,再用细菌内毒素检查用水至少稀释200倍,依法检查(2020年版《中国药典》四部通则1143),每 1 mg肾上腺素中含细菌内毒素的量应小于10 EU。因不同实验室对盐酸浓度对内毒素检测的影响结论不同,在使用该方法前应在各自的实验室进行方法转移验证。
综上所述,本实验对肾上腺素原料药细菌内毒素检查进行了方法学研究,建立了细菌内毒素检查方法,可选择市售任意灵敏度的鲎试剂对本品进行细菌内毒素检查。本研究探索了将不溶于水的肾上腺素原料药用不同浓度盐酸溶解,再用BET水稀释建立了细菌内毒素检查法。同时考察了用溶剂盐酸对细菌内毒素检查的影响,为该产品采用凝胶法进行细菌内毒素检查提供了更多科学依据,并为难溶性药物建立细菌内毒素检查法提供更多的参考。
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2024年第59卷第12期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.12.012
  • 接收时间:2024-01-03
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-06-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-03
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    湖北省药品监督检验研究院,湖北省药品质量检测与控制工程技术研究中心,国家药品监督管理局血液制品质量控制重点实验室, 武汉 430064
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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