Article(id=1200147893010133819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147892095779072, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)11-0998-13, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.11.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1672675200000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764067155362, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1717776000000, pubDateStr=2024-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764067155362, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764067155362, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067155362, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200147892095779072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='11', pageStart='953', pageEnd='1064', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764067155144, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067375019, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200148814364508515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147892095779072, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200148814364508516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147892095779072, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=998, endPage=1010, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200147893257597756, articleId=1200147893010133819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Research on the Mechanism of Wendan Decoction in Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease through an Integrated Pharmacological Strategy Based on Network Pharmacology, Metabolomics, and Molecular Docking, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Firstly, based on the network pharmacology method, the potential mechanism of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD was revealed by using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Swiss Target Prediction and Metascape databases. Secondly, the intervention effect of Wendan Decoction on endogenous metabolite disorder induced by COPD was studied by metabolomics method. Finally, the results of network pharmacology and metabolomics were integrated through MetScape algorithm, and molecular simulation docking and molecular biology methods were used to study the mechanism of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology revealed 102 active components of Wendan Decoction and 98 potential targets for the treatment of COPD. Further analysis showed that 11 potential pharmacodynamic substances of Wendan Decoction, including 3-tert-butyladipic acid, 6-methylgingediacetate and licoisoflavanone may play a role in regulating lipid and atherosclerosis, CAMP signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. On the other hand, metabolomics studies have shown that 9 endogenous substances, such as 2-propanol, N-acetylneuraminic acid, threonine, protocholic acid, 2-oxoisovalerate, acetylphosphate, citrate and isobutyric acid, may be the key metabolites of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD. Finally, the integrated analysis showed that lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism might be the key processes of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD. XDH, KDR, PDE5 A, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, which were related to oxidation and inflammation, were the potential key targets of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD. The results showed that Wendan Decoction could effectively improve the pathological state of pulmonary congestion, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in COPD rats, significantly reduce the content of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA activity in lung tissue of COPD rats, and increase SOD activity. Moreover, the molecular docking results also revealed the correlation between potential pharmacodynamic substances and core target genes. CONCLUSION The integrated pharmacological studies based on metabolomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that Wendan Decoction might achieve the effect of treating COPD by regulating inflammatory response, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.

, correspAuthors=Song LIN, Tianyang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xudong NIU, Yikun HE, Zilong HE, Ailing CHEN, Wenhao GAO, Tengfei REN, Zhenzhen ZHU, Fang WANG, Ruinan REN, Song LIN, Tianyang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200147896730481560, articleId=1200147893010133819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于网络药理学与代谢组学和分子对接的整合药理学策略研究温胆汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的作用机制, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探讨温胆汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的作用机制。方法 首先,基于网络药理学方法,利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、Swiss Target Prediction和Metascape等数据库,揭示温胆汤治疗COPD的潜在机制;其次,采用代谢组学方法,研究温胆汤对COPD诱发内源性代谢物紊乱的干预作用;最后,借助MetScape算法,整合网络药理学与代谢组学研究结果,并采用分子模拟对接和分子生物学方法,深入研究温胆汤治疗COPD的作用机制。结果 网络药理学结果揭示温胆汤的102个潜在活性成分及其治疗COPD的98个潜在靶点。进一步分析显示温胆汤的11个潜在药效物质,包括3-叔丁基己二酸、6-甲基姜辣二醇双乙酸酯和甘草异黄烷酮等可能通过调节脂质与动脉粥样硬化、环磷腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B(phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B,PI3K-Akt)信号通路和白介素17(interleukin-17,IL-17)信号通路等发挥疗效。另一方面代谢组学研究显示,丙二醇、N-乙酰神经氨酸、苏氨酸、原胆酸、2-氧异戊酸酯、乙酰磷酸、柠檬酸盐和异丁酸等9种内源性物质,可能是温胆汤治疗COPD的关键代谢物。最后整合分析显示,脂质代谢与氨基酸代谢可能是温胆汤治疗COPD的关键过程,黄嘌呤脱氢酶(xanthine dehydrogenase,XDH)、激酶插入区受体(kinase insert domain receptor,KDR)、磷酸二酯酶5A (phosphodiesterase 5A,PDE5A)、细胞色素P450家族2亚家族C成员9(cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9,CYP2C9)和成员19(cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19,CYP2C19)等同氧化和炎症相关的基因可能是温胆汤发挥治疗作用的关键靶点;并且结果显示温胆汤可有效改善COPD大鼠肺部充血、水肿和炎性细胞浸润等多种病理状态,显著降低COPD大鼠肺组织中白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)含量和丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)活性,提高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性;而且分子对接结果也揭示了潜在药效物质与核心靶点基因之间的关联性。结论 基于代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接的整合药理学研究表明温胆汤可能通过调控炎症反应、氧化应激、脂质代谢和氨基酸代谢等途径实现治疗COPD的作用。

, correspAuthors=林松, 王天阳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*林松,男,博士,副研究员 研究方向:中药经典名方现代化、心肺血管疾病的发病机制研究 Tel:(0452)2663067;
王天阳,女,博士,讲师 研究方向:中药经典名方现代化、心肺血管疾病的发病机制研究 Tel:(0452)2663067
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牛旭东,男,本科生 研究方向:呼吸、循环系统疾病相关

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牛旭东,男,本科生 研究方向:呼吸、循环系统疾病相关

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牛旭东,男,本科生 研究方向:呼吸、循环系统疾病相关

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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129327., articleTitle=Cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension can be prevented by phosphodiesterase 4 and 5 inhibition in mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147911620260185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=5610, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=VAN NIJNATTEN J, BRANDSMA C-A, STEILING K, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VAN NIJNATTEN J, BRANDSMA C-A, STEILING K, et al. High miR203a-3p and miR-375 expression in the airways of smokers with and without COPD[J]. Sci Rep, 2022, 12(1): 5610. 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journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, companyId=1200147897292518339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Key Laboratory of Homology of Medicine and Food Resources and Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar 161006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147897305101251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, companyId=1200147897292518339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 黑龙江省药食同源资源与代谢性疾病防治重点实验室,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200147902719946899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Research ideas on the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Wendan Decoction, figureFileSmall=4Mk/umcLmprnYuWzLrLEZQ==, figureFileBig=XeN3teQ4ExvvFowDu6AkhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147902812221590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图1, caption=温胆汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的研究思路, figureFileSmall=4Mk/umcLmprnYuWzLrLEZQ==, figureFileBig=XeN3teQ4ExvvFowDu6AkhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147903160348830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Venn diagram of targets of active ingredients in Wendan Decoction and targets of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and target of COPD, figureFileSmall=FLDuByzMo4AKFIebFnIHDw==, figureFileBig=s20TJ7PgrXDneOtvFNHbQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147903265206432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图2, caption=温胆汤活性成分靶点与COPD靶点韦恩图, figureFileSmall=FLDuByzMo4AKFIebFnIHDw==, figureFileBig=s20TJ7PgrXDneOtvFNHbQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147903344898209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Network diagram of “Chinese medicine-active ingredients-targets” for the treatment of COPD with active ingredients in Wendan Decoction

GC-Glycyrrhiza; SJ-Ginger; BX-Pinellia; CP-Chenpi; ZR-Zhuru, ZS-Zhishi; A1,A2-the common component of Citrus Reticulata and Caulis Bambusae; B1-the common component of Citrus Reticulata, licorice and Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam; The yellow circle-the component; The green diamond-the target gene; The light yellow box-the medicinal material; The pink triangle-the common component.

, figureFileSmall=zNqJuhFzEyKBtv6CQOzqGw==, figureFileBig=OLMzASzQqMNMOSeMDoK1Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147903424589988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图3, caption=温胆汤活性成分治疗COPD“中药-活性成分-靶点”网络图

GC-甘草;SJ-生姜;BX-半夏;CP-陈皮;ZR-竹茹,ZS-枳实;A1,A2-陈皮、枳实共有成分;B1-陈皮、甘草、枳实共有成分;黄色的圆-成分;绿色的菱形-靶点基因;浅黄色方框-药材;粉色三角形-共有成分。

, figureFileSmall=zNqJuhFzEyKBtv6CQOzqGw==, figureFileBig=OLMzASzQqMNMOSeMDoK1Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147903516864680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Enrichment analysis of KEGG signaling pathway for potential targets of active ingredients in Wendan Decoction for the treatment of COPD, figureFileSmall=avH/9qtgVxijByL7au3oWg==, figureFileBig=AQE1Av1qMBeDUX3uuyjKvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147903592362155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图4, caption=温胆汤活性成分治疗COPD潜在靶点的京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)信号通路富集分析, figureFileSmall=avH/9qtgVxijByL7au3oWg==, figureFileBig=AQE1Av1qMBeDUX3uuyjKvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147903688831149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plot and displacement test chart

A-multivariate statistical comparison between control group and COPD group; B-Multivariate statistical comparison between control group, COPD group, and WDD(4 g·kg-1)+COPD group.

, figureFileSmall=U9QcnT12RcvLThDUBQVM1Q==, figureFileBig=nx4O1a+K5McnMvNLKtjIrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147903923712176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图5, caption=正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)得分图和置换检验图

A-正常对照组和COPD模型组多元统计比较;B-正常对照组、COPD模型组和WDD(4 g·kg-1)+COPD模型组多元统计比较。

, figureFileSmall=U9QcnT12RcvLThDUBQVM1Q==, figureFileBig=nx4O1a+K5McnMvNLKtjIrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147904087290035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Analysis of Differential Metabolite Pathway of Wendan Decoction in COPD Rats, figureFileSmall=GjKhGJ842MqBVv9of7nFZQ==, figureFileBig=Sjh1jGMKfxWBJ8+nlzrKIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147904242479286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图6, caption=温胆汤作用COPD大鼠差异代谢物通路分析, figureFileSmall=GjKhGJ842MqBVv9of7nFZQ==, figureFileBig=Sjh1jGMKfxWBJ8+nlzrKIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147904326365368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics analysis of differential metabolites and differential bases

A-lipid metabolism pathway; B-amino acid metabolic pathway.

, figureFileSmall=AY0dIxVXmwdbtbQSxf1gmQ==, figureFileBig=rIuf0J8UKnm29J5Y8fFJbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147904439611579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图7, caption=整合网络药理学和代谢组学分析差异代谢物和差异基因

A-脂质代谢通路;B-氨基酸代谢通路。

, figureFileSmall=AY0dIxVXmwdbtbQSxf1gmQ==, figureFileBig=rIuf0J8UKnm29J5Y8fFJbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147904519303358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=HE staining results of lung tissues in each group

A-normal control group;B-COPD model group;C-WDD(4 g·kg-1)+COPD model group.

, figureFileSmall=eZx1PBMEI7yHtcXisathUQ==, figureFileBig=OP3P5IsyaVyShWycrAivrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147904687075522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组肺组织的HE染色结果

A-正常对照组;B-COPD模型组;C-WDD(4 g·kg-1)+COPD模型组。

, figureFileSmall=eZx1PBMEI7yHtcXisathUQ==, figureFileBig=OP3P5IsyaVyShWycrAivrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147904850653383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The contents of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA, and the activities of MDA and SOD were detected by colorimetry. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

1)P<0.000 1, 2)P<0.001, 3)P<0.01, compared with the normal control group; 4)P<0.05, 5)P<0.000 1, 6)P<0.01, compared with COPD model group.

, figureFileSmall=FZZXvi6nQQPbIdoHbFCpsA==, figureFileBig=iygNBdLiyeVvViB/aNPjzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147904913567947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图9, caption=酶联免疫吸附试验检测白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量、比色法检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化歧化酶(SOD活性). n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

与正常对照组相比,1)P<0.000 1, 2)P<0.001, 3)P<0.01;与COPD模型组比, 4)P<0.05,5)P<0.000 1, 6)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=FZZXvi6nQQPbIdoHbFCpsA==, figureFileBig=iygNBdLiyeVvViB/aNPjzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147905031008463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Molecular docking binding energy heatmap of core components and core targets in the treatment of COPD with WDD, figureFileSmall=xD/8hQeYbaM9UV0jEV8vow==, figureFileBig=1J7OCLsBIoWizWOWoWpTDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147905173614802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图10, caption=WDD治疗COPD的核心成分与核心靶点的分子对接结合能热图, figureFileSmall=xD/8hQeYbaM9UV0jEV8vow==, figureFileBig=1J7OCLsBIoWizWOWoWpTDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147905307832535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Molecular docking model diagram of core components and core targets in treatment of COPD with WDD

A-PDE5A and (2S)-6-(2, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-2, 3-Dihydrofuro [2-g]chromen-7-onedocking model; B-PDE5A and (-)-Medicocarpindocking model; C-XDH and (-)-Medicocarpindocking model; D-XDH and 12, 13-epoxy-9-hydroxynonadeca-7, 10-dienoic aciddocking model; E-XDH and (3S, 6S)-3-(benzyl)-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2, 5-quinonedocking model.

, figureFileSmall=ul2ohH0jUVShV9i9IaD9dA==, figureFileBig=LnN2MmG05wPlwOr/QzlLdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147905400107226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图11, caption=WDD治疗COPD的核心成分与核心靶点的分子对接模型图

A-PDE5A与(2S)-6-(2, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-2, 3-Dihydrofuro [2-g]chromen-7-one对接模型; B-PDE5A与(-)-Medicocarpin对接模型; C-XDH与(-)-Medicocarpin对接模型; D-XDH与12, 13-epoxy-9-hydroxynonadeca-7, 10-dienoic acid对接模型;E-XDH与(3S, 6S)-3-(benzyl)-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2, 5-quinone对接模型)。

, figureFileSmall=ul2ohH0jUVShV9i9IaD9dA==, figureFileBig=LnN2MmG05wPlwOr/QzlLdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147905521742045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=“Drug-Target-Metabolite-Pathway” Diagram of WDD Treatment for COPD

Green-target; Orange round-core target; Pink-inflammation pathway; Red-metabolite; Pale green-active small molecules; Brown-Wendan Decoction and prescription; Dark line-associated with active small molecules and targets.

, figureFileSmall=c5RddnSoW4KtJa5AbeLjIw==, figureFileBig=B28q7BKAxouzWdO7fRYQIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147905609822432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=图12, caption=WDD治疗COPD的“药物-靶点-代谢物-通路”图

绿色-靶点;橙色圆形-核心靶点;粉色-炎症通路;红色-代谢物;淡绿-活性小分子;棕色-温胆汤及组方;深色线-与活性小分子与靶点的关联。

, figureFileSmall=c5RddnSoW4KtJa5AbeLjIw==, figureFileBig=B28q7BKAxouzWdO7fRYQIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147905702097124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Relevant softwares, databases, and websites involved in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Software,database Website
TC-MSP http://tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php
PubChem https://pubchem.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
SwissADME http://www.Swissadme.ch/
Swiss database http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/
UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/
GeneCard https://www.genecards.org/
OMIM https://omim.org/
Drugbank https://go.drugbank.com/
TTD http://db.idrblab.net/ttd/
Venny2.1 https://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/index.html
Cytoscape https://cytoscape.org/
String String database https://cn.string-db.org/
Metascape http://metascape.org/
SIMCA16.1 https://www.sartorius.com/
MetaboAnalyst https://genap.metaboanalyst.ca
PDB https://www.rcsb.org/
LeDock http://www.lephar.com
Py MOL https://pymol.org/2/
Discovery Studio http://www.discoverystudio.net/
), ArticleFig(id=1200147905806954725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究涉及的相关软件、数据库和网站

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Software,database Website
TC-MSP http://tcmspw.com/tcmsp.php
PubChem https://pubchem.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
SwissADME http://www.Swissadme.ch/
Swiss database http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/
UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/
GeneCard https://www.genecards.org/
OMIM https://omim.org/
Drugbank https://go.drugbank.com/
TTD http://db.idrblab.net/ttd/
Venny2.1 https://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/index.html
Cytoscape https://cytoscape.org/
String String database https://cn.string-db.org/
Metascape http://metascape.org/
SIMCA16.1 https://www.sartorius.com/
MetaboAnalyst https://genap.metaboanalyst.ca
PDB https://www.rcsb.org/
LeDock http://www.lephar.com
Py MOL https://pymol.org/2/
Discovery Studio http://www.discoverystudio.net/
), ArticleFig(id=1200147905890840808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Core components of Wendan Decoction soup for the treatment of COPD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MOLID Component OB/% DL Topological coefficient Source
MOL006937 12,13-Epoxy-9-hydroxynonadeca-7,10-dienoic acid 42.15 0.24 0.54 BX1
NS 3-Tert-butyladipic acid NS NS 0.47 ZR5
MOL006957 (3S,6S)-3-(Benzyl)-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-quinone 46.89 0.27 0.42 BX2
MOL005013 18α-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid 41.16 0.71 0.39 GC1
MOL004824 (2S)-6-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one 60.25 0.63 0.36 GC15
MOL004885 Licoisoflavanone 52.47 0.54 0.35 GC29
MOL001484 Inermine 75.18 0.54 0.33 GC41
MOL004924 (-)-Medicocarpin 40.99 0.95 0.31 GC59
MOL006129 6-Methylgingediacetate 48.73 0.32 0.29 SJ1
MOL002670 Cavidine 36.08 0.76 0.27 BX3
MOL013430 Prangenin 43.6 0.29 0.26 ZS2
), ArticleFig(id=1200147905962143979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

温胆汤治疗COPD的核心成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MOLID Component OB/% DL Topological coefficient Source
MOL006937 12,13-Epoxy-9-hydroxynonadeca-7,10-dienoic acid 42.15 0.24 0.54 BX1
NS 3-Tert-butyladipic acid NS NS 0.47 ZR5
MOL006957 (3S,6S)-3-(Benzyl)-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-quinone 46.89 0.27 0.42 BX2
MOL005013 18α-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid 41.16 0.71 0.39 GC1
MOL004824 (2S)-6-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one 60.25 0.63 0.36 GC15
MOL004885 Licoisoflavanone 52.47 0.54 0.35 GC29
MOL001484 Inermine 75.18 0.54 0.33 GC41
MOL004924 (-)-Medicocarpin 40.99 0.95 0.31 GC59
MOL006129 6-Methylgingediacetate 48.73 0.32 0.29 SJ1
MOL002670 Cavidine 36.08 0.76 0.27 BX3
MOL013430 Prangenin 43.6 0.29 0.26 ZS2
), ArticleFig(id=1200147906033447149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Metabolites Control vs COPD
t-tests VIP Fold change
2-Aminobutyric acid1) 0.000 0 1.334 3 4.387 6
Apocholic acid 0.000 1 1.280 7 0.118 7
2-Propanol1) 0.001 1 1.224 8 2.509 6
Isobutyrate1) 0.001 2 1.175 1 0.125 4
Threonic acid1) 0.001 6 1.165 3 2.892 4
N-Acetylneuraminic acid1) 0.003 9 1.136 3 3.183 8
Sarcosine 0.004 0 1.110 0 3.970 9
D-(+)-Xylose 0.004 1 1.069 8 3.996 2
Acetyl phosphate1) 0.004 2 1.068 5 0.249 0
2-Oxoisovalerate1) 0.004 6 1.068 2 0.125 5
Citrate1) 0.004 9 1.051 4 0.142 5
Succinate1) 0.006 9 1.040 4 0.108 3
), ArticleFig(id=1200147906121527536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Control组和COPD组比较得到的与COPD相关的12个差异代谢物 Tab.3 12 differential metabolites compared between the control and COPD group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Metabolites Control vs COPD
t-tests VIP Fold change
2-Aminobutyric acid1) 0.000 0 1.334 3 4.387 6
Apocholic acid 0.000 1 1.280 7 0.118 7
2-Propanol1) 0.001 1 1.224 8 2.509 6
Isobutyrate1) 0.001 2 1.175 1 0.125 4
Threonic acid1) 0.001 6 1.165 3 2.892 4
N-Acetylneuraminic acid1) 0.003 9 1.136 3 3.183 8
Sarcosine 0.004 0 1.110 0 3.970 9
D-(+)-Xylose 0.004 1 1.069 8 3.996 2
Acetyl phosphate1) 0.004 2 1.068 5 0.249 0
2-Oxoisovalerate1) 0.004 6 1.068 2 0.125 5
Citrate1) 0.004 9 1.051 4 0.142 5
Succinate1) 0.006 9 1.040 4 0.108 3
), ArticleFig(id=1200147906238968052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Score table of the “Gene-Metabolite” action network algorithm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Core target MCC algorithm Degree algorithm
XDH 28 28
KDR 22 22
PDE5A 22 22
CYP2C9 17 17
CYP2C19 16 16
), ArticleFig(id=1200147906377380086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

“基因-代谢物”作用网络算法得分表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Core target MCC algorithm Degree algorithm
XDH 28 28
KDR 22 22
PDE5A 22 22
CYP2C9 17 17
CYP2C19 16 16
), ArticleFig(id=1200147906490626298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The binding energy and active residues of core components and core targets in treatment of COPD with WDD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component Core target Binding energy/kJ·mol-1 Active residue
MOL004824 PDE5A -7.16 ASN662、THR723、LEU765、HSE613、VAL600、HSE657、ASP654、ZN1、HSD653、HSD617、ASP764、ALA779、GLN817、CYS825、GLN775、ILE778、SER766、PHE786、LEU725、ASP724、LEU681、SER661、TYR612
MOL004924 PDE5A -7.66 TYR613、THR723、ASP764、GLU682、MET816、ILE768、HSD617、HSE613、ZN1、HSD653、ASP724、HSE685、ASN662、LEU681、SER661、HSE657、LEU765、PHE786、PHE820
MOL004924 XDH -7.91 GLU314、VAL136、THR135、ILE139、PRO134、LFU127、GLN131、LYS318、LFU313、GLU137
MOL006937 XDH -7.48 ASP360、SER359、ASN351、SER347、ASN261、VAL259、GLY260、ALA432、LYS422、SER359、SER356、VAL342、GLY350、ILE264、VAL258、GLY349、PRO281、LFU287、ALA302、LEU404、ILE353、GLU263、THR262、THR354、ILE358
MOL006957 XDH -7.29 LEU257、ASN351、ASN261、VAL259、VAL258、LYS249、ILE403、LEU398、LEU404、GLY350、SER347、LEU305、PHE337、GLY260、THR262、GLU263、ILE264、LYS256、LEU257
), ArticleFig(id=1200147906570318077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147893010133819, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

WDD治疗COPD的核心成分与核心靶点的结合能和活性残基

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component Core target Binding energy/kJ·mol-1 Active residue
MOL004824 PDE5A -7.16 ASN662、THR723、LEU765、HSE613、VAL600、HSE657、ASP654、ZN1、HSD653、HSD617、ASP764、ALA779、GLN817、CYS825、GLN775、ILE778、SER766、PHE786、LEU725、ASP724、LEU681、SER661、TYR612
MOL004924 PDE5A -7.66 TYR613、THR723、ASP764、GLU682、MET816、ILE768、HSD617、HSE613、ZN1、HSD653、ASP724、HSE685、ASN662、LEU681、SER661、HSE657、LEU765、PHE786、PHE820
MOL004924 XDH -7.91 GLU314、VAL136、THR135、ILE139、PRO134、LFU127、GLN131、LYS318、LFU313、GLU137
MOL006937 XDH -7.48 ASP360、SER359、ASN351、SER347、ASN261、VAL259、GLY260、ALA432、LYS422、SER359、SER356、VAL342、GLY350、ILE264、VAL258、GLY349、PRO281、LFU287、ALA302、LEU404、ILE353、GLU263、THR262、THR354、ILE358
MOL006957 XDH -7.29 LEU257、ASN351、ASN261、VAL259、VAL258、LYS249、ILE403、LEU398、LEU404、GLY350、SER347、LEU305、PHE337、GLY260、THR262、GLU263、ILE264、LYS256、LEU257
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基于网络药理学与代谢组学和分子对接的整合药理学策略研究温胆汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的作用机制
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牛旭东 1 , 何溢琨 1 , 何梓龙 2 , 陈爱灵 1 , 高文浩 1 , 任腾飞 1 , 朱珍珍 2 , 汪芳 2 , 任睿楠 2 , 林松 3, 4, * , 王天阳 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(11): 998-1010
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(11): 998-1010
基于网络药理学与代谢组学和分子对接的整合药理学策略研究温胆汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的作用机制
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牛旭东1, 何溢琨1, 何梓龙2, 陈爱灵1, 高文浩1, 任腾飞1, 朱珍珍2, 汪芳2, 任睿楠2, 林松3, 4, *, 王天阳2, *
作者信息
  • 1 齐齐哈尔医学院 基础医学院,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
  • 2 齐齐哈尔医学院 药学院,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
  • 3 齐齐哈尔医学院 基础医学院 基础医学科研中心,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
  • 4 黑龙江省药食同源资源与代谢性疾病防治重点实验室,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
  • 牛旭东,男,本科生 研究方向:呼吸、循环系统疾病相关

通讯作者:

*林松,男,博士,副研究员 研究方向:中药经典名方现代化、心肺血管疾病的发病机制研究 Tel:(0452)2663067;
王天阳,女,博士,讲师 研究方向:中药经典名方现代化、心肺血管疾病的发病机制研究 Tel:(0452)2663067
Research on the Mechanism of Wendan Decoction in Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease through an Integrated Pharmacological Strategy Based on Network Pharmacology, Metabolomics, and Molecular Docking
Xudong NIU1, Yikun HE1, Zilong HE2, Ailing CHEN1, Wenhao GAO1, Tengfei REN1, Zhenzhen ZHU2, Fang WANG2, Ruinan REN2, Song LIN3, 4, *, Tianyang WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Basic Medical College, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
  • 2 School of pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
  • 3 Basic Medical Research Center, Basic Medical College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Homology of Medicine and Food Resources and Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar 161006, China
出版时间: 2024-06-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.11.007
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目的 探讨温胆汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)的作用机制。方法 首先,基于网络药理学方法,利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、Swiss Target Prediction和Metascape等数据库,揭示温胆汤治疗COPD的潜在机制;其次,采用代谢组学方法,研究温胆汤对COPD诱发内源性代谢物紊乱的干预作用;最后,借助MetScape算法,整合网络药理学与代谢组学研究结果,并采用分子模拟对接和分子生物学方法,深入研究温胆汤治疗COPD的作用机制。结果 网络药理学结果揭示温胆汤的102个潜在活性成分及其治疗COPD的98个潜在靶点。进一步分析显示温胆汤的11个潜在药效物质,包括3-叔丁基己二酸、6-甲基姜辣二醇双乙酸酯和甘草异黄烷酮等可能通过调节脂质与动脉粥样硬化、环磷腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP)信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B(phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B,PI3K-Akt)信号通路和白介素17(interleukin-17,IL-17)信号通路等发挥疗效。另一方面代谢组学研究显示,丙二醇、N-乙酰神经氨酸、苏氨酸、原胆酸、2-氧异戊酸酯、乙酰磷酸、柠檬酸盐和异丁酸等9种内源性物质,可能是温胆汤治疗COPD的关键代谢物。最后整合分析显示,脂质代谢与氨基酸代谢可能是温胆汤治疗COPD的关键过程,黄嘌呤脱氢酶(xanthine dehydrogenase,XDH)、激酶插入区受体(kinase insert domain receptor,KDR)、磷酸二酯酶5A (phosphodiesterase 5A,PDE5A)、细胞色素P450家族2亚家族C成员9(cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9,CYP2C9)和成员19(cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19,CYP2C19)等同氧化和炎症相关的基因可能是温胆汤发挥治疗作用的关键靶点;并且结果显示温胆汤可有效改善COPD大鼠肺部充血、水肿和炎性细胞浸润等多种病理状态,显著降低COPD大鼠肺组织中白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)含量和丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)活性,提高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性;而且分子对接结果也揭示了潜在药效物质与核心靶点基因之间的关联性。结论 基于代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接的整合药理学研究表明温胆汤可能通过调控炎症反应、氧化应激、脂质代谢和氨基酸代谢等途径实现治疗COPD的作用。

温胆汤  /  慢性阻塞性肺疾病  /  网络药理学  /  代谢组学  /  分子对接  /  炎症因子

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Firstly, based on the network pharmacology method, the potential mechanism of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD was revealed by using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Swiss Target Prediction and Metascape databases. Secondly, the intervention effect of Wendan Decoction on endogenous metabolite disorder induced by COPD was studied by metabolomics method. Finally, the results of network pharmacology and metabolomics were integrated through MetScape algorithm, and molecular simulation docking and molecular biology methods were used to study the mechanism of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology revealed 102 active components of Wendan Decoction and 98 potential targets for the treatment of COPD. Further analysis showed that 11 potential pharmacodynamic substances of Wendan Decoction, including 3-tert-butyladipic acid, 6-methylgingediacetate and licoisoflavanone may play a role in regulating lipid and atherosclerosis, CAMP signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. On the other hand, metabolomics studies have shown that 9 endogenous substances, such as 2-propanol, N-acetylneuraminic acid, threonine, protocholic acid, 2-oxoisovalerate, acetylphosphate, citrate and isobutyric acid, may be the key metabolites of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD. Finally, the integrated analysis showed that lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism might be the key processes of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD. XDH, KDR, PDE5 A, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, which were related to oxidation and inflammation, were the potential key targets of Wendan Decoction in the treatment of COPD. The results showed that Wendan Decoction could effectively improve the pathological state of pulmonary congestion, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in COPD rats, significantly reduce the content of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA activity in lung tissue of COPD rats, and increase SOD activity. Moreover, the molecular docking results also revealed the correlation between potential pharmacodynamic substances and core target genes. CONCLUSION The integrated pharmacological studies based on metabolomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that Wendan Decoction might achieve the effect of treating COPD by regulating inflammatory response, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.

Wendan decoction  /  COPD  /  network pharmacology  /  metabolomics  /  molecular docking  /  inflammatory factor
牛旭东, 何溢琨, 何梓龙, 陈爱灵, 高文浩, 任腾飞, 朱珍珍, 汪芳, 任睿楠, 林松, 王天阳. 基于网络药理学与代谢组学和分子对接的整合药理学策略研究温胆汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的作用机制. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (11) : 998 -1010 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.11.007
Xudong NIU, Yikun HE, Zilong HE, Ailing CHEN, Wenhao GAO, Tengfei REN, Zhenzhen ZHU, Fang WANG, Ruinan REN, Song LIN, Tianyang WANG. Research on the Mechanism of Wendan Decoction in Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease through an Integrated Pharmacological Strategy Based on Network Pharmacology, Metabolomics, and Molecular Docking[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (11) : 998 -1010 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.11.007
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD),是一种常见、可预防和可治疗的异质性疾病[1]。其特征包括持续呼吸症状和气流受限,主要临床表现为呼吸困难、咳嗽或咳痰。COPD发病率呈明显逐年上升趋势,已经成为亟待解决的重大公共卫生挑战。目前,越来越多的研究表明COPD的发生可能与气道炎症、氧化应激和线粒体损伤障碍等机制有关[2-4]。临床大多首选支气管扩张剂、糖皮质激素等药物,如特布他林、布地奈德等[5],这些药物虽可以缓解COPD的呼吸道症状,但长期使用易出现耐药性和毒副作用。中草药作为中华民族的瑰宝,遵从中医整体观念,具有“多成分-多靶点-多通路”的作用特点,在COPD治疗方面取得了良好的成效[6]
研究表明COPD与呼吸道黏膜上皮细胞创伤修复密切相关,中医药理论认为,通过“正气”和“肺在体合皮”以增强呼吸道黏膜免疫功能,可达到防治COPD的目的[7]。温胆汤(Wendan decoction,WDD)源自唐代孙思邈的《备急千金要方》,由半夏、竹茹、枳实、橘皮、甘草和生姜组成,本方组方配伍的精髓即在于“调畅气机”,以此发挥清化痰热与和中安神的功效[8]。同时,因其性温,在中医诊治方面广泛应用于寒、凉或以“痰”为主要表现的诸多病症,是经典“祛痰名方”。温胆汤的现代临床应用则更为广泛,在呼吸系统疾病的治疗方面发挥着重要的作用[9]。然而,温胆汤治疗COPD的作用机制还不明确,这限制了温胆汤的传承、开发与临床应用。
综上所述,本研究拟建立基于代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接的整合药理学研究方法,深入探讨温胆汤治疗COPD的作用机制。一方面,采用网络药理学方法,通过构建“药物-成分-靶点”网络,初步筛选温胆汤治疗COPD的潜在药物物质,并揭示其潜在作用机制;另一方面,采用代谢组学方法,研究温胆汤对COPD诱发内源性代谢物紊乱的干预作用。而后,整合网络药理学与代谢组学研究结果,进一步筛选温胆汤治疗COPD相关的核心靶点和代谢通路。最后,通过病理学评价、分子生物学和分子模拟对接相关技术,深入探讨温胆汤治疗COPD的作用机制,研究思路见图1所示。本研究期望为温胆汤治疗COPD的作用机制研究提供新思路,为温胆汤的传承、开发和中医药的现代化研究提供帮助。
SPF级健康雄性Wistar大鼠共18只,8~10周龄,体质量180~220 g。由辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司提供,动物许可证号:SYXK(辽)2020-0001。大鼠分笼饲养,自由进食饮水,饲养环境为:室温20~25 ℃,湿度50%~55%,室内保持通风,12 h昼夜交替人工照明。本研究经齐齐哈尔医学院医学实验动物伦理委员会评审通过(QMU-AECC-2022-57)。
半夏、竹茹、陈皮、枳实和甘草(齐齐哈尔市华辰大药房公司),生姜为市售,所有药材经齐齐哈尔医学院中药学教研室王文豹副教授鉴定均符合2020年版《中国药典》的规定。参考原方描述和相关文献制备温胆汤样品,于4 ℃保存备用[10]。丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)试剂盒、超氧化歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)试剂盒(南京建成生物有限公司),肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)试剂盒、白介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)试剂盒(上海酶联生物有限公司),4%多聚甲醛固定液(北京兰捷柯科技有限公司);苏木素伊红染液(上海威奥生物科技有限公司)。
Bruker AVANCE Ⅲ-500超导傅里叶变化核磁共振波谱仪(瑞士Bruker公司);3-30K微量高速离心机(德国sigma公司);SpectraMax iD3多功能微孔板读板机(美国Molecular Devices公司);DM3000显微镜、HistoCorePEARL组织脱水机、RM2235石蜡切片机、EG1150组织包埋机、HI1220烘片机、HI1210展片机(德国Leica公司)。
网络药理学、代谢组学及分子对接实验相关软件、数据库及网址见表1
采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)联合烟熏制备大鼠COPD模型[11]。将大鼠在实验室适应性喂养1周后,按随机数表法分为正常对照组(Control组),模型组(COPD组),温胆汤组(WDD组)、每组6只。第1~28天(第1、14天除外),COPD组、WDD组大鼠置于烟熏箱内,每天2次烟熏处理,两次间隔时间至少4h,每次给予10根香烟进行烟熏造模;第1、14天,COPD组、WDD组大鼠经气管给予2 mg·kg-1的LPS试剂;Control组大鼠经气管给予同等体积的生理盐水。第1~28天,WDD组大鼠灌胃给予4 g·kg-1药物,Control组和COPD组大鼠灌胃给予同等体积的生理盐水。第29天取肺组织和血清,取材前12 h禁食,自由饮水。
借助中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TC-MSP)得到温胆汤的初筛有效成分。以口服生物利用度(oral bioavailability,OB)≥35%、类药性(druglike-ness,DL)≥0.2为条件对其化学成分进行筛选,对TCMSP未收录的中药,通过检索其他数据库及文献查找等方式补充有效成分。而后通借助SwissADME平台以肠道吸收度(GI absorption)为“Yes”、DL为2个“Yes”及以上为条件进行复筛,最终得到温胆汤的潜在活性成分。
将温胆汤潜在活性成分的SMILES结构式,导入Swiss数据库预测潜在活性成分的靶点,根据预测靶点的相关性进行排序,选取前15位作为潜在活性成分的作用靶点。利用UniProt数据库对所有靶基因名称进行校正,获得靶点信息。而后,在疾病基因数据库(GeneCard数据库、OMIM数据库、Drugbank数据库、TTD数据库)中以COPD为关键词在以上4个数据库进行检索,经合并、去重后,获得COPD的相关靶点。最后,利用Venny2.1网站,在线获取药物与疾病的交集靶点并进行整理。
制作“中药-活性成分-靶点”网络的network和type文件,将文件导入cytoscape(3.7.2)进行可视化处理,构建“药物-成分-靶点”交互网络图。
运用Metascape 数据库以P<0.01作为标准进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)功能注释,并对结果进行可视化处理。
眼眶取血2 mL置于EP管中,静置2 h,4 ℃,4 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液于EP 管中。300 μL血浆与300 μL磷酸盐缓冲液在D2O (pH 7.0)中混合,涡旋并在12 000 r·min-1和4 ℃下离心15 min。最后将上清液转移至5 mm核磁共振管中进行1H-NMR分析。
使用Bruker 500 MHz光谱仪采集298 K下的NMR谱图,为了抑制蛋白质信号,采用Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill(CPMG) 脉冲序列。在7 500 Hz的谱宽范围内,对32 K的数据点进行128次扫描,记录了1H-NMR谱。在进行傅里叶变换之前,将得到的自由感应衰减(FID)进行补零,并乘以一个指数线展宽函数,线展宽因子为0.5 Hz。
采用R平台的ASICS软件包,通过基线校正、峰比对、归一化和代谢物鉴定等方法对1H-NMR代谢组学数据进行处理,并去除化学位移为4.5~5.1的水峰。用SIMCA-P完成了对代谢产物基质的OPLS-DA分析。在变量投影重要性值(VIP)>1和P<0.05的基础上,筛选差异代谢产物。
利用MetaboAnalyst 5.0在线分析平台,点击Enrichment Analyst,功能类型选择metabolite,导入差异代谢物,获取温胆汤治疗COPD相关的代谢通路。
利用Cytoscape 3.7.1中的Metscape软件,进行网络药理学与代谢组学整合研究:输入交集基因与差异代谢物名称,待Metscape转化为对应ID后将“基因”与“代谢物”进行关联,构建互作网络图;利用插件cytoHubba中相关算法进一步筛选温胆汤作用COPD的核心靶点。
4%多聚甲醛中固定24 h,石蜡包埋,切片,苏木精-伊红染色法染色,封片,显微镜下观察,进行病理组织学检查,评估大鼠肺组织炎症细胞浸润程度。
检测大鼠血浆中炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α和氧化应激指标的水平,以上测定均按照测定试剂盒说明书进行。
将温胆汤中核心成分与核心靶点基因进行分子对接,进一步验证温胆汤对COPD的调控作用,PDB数据库检索Resolution(Å)最小、结合率最高的蛋白结构,PubChem数据库中下载化学成分的Mol2结构,在受体和配体优化后,利用LeDock软件分子对接,PyMOL进行3D结果可视化。
统计学方法采用SPSS统计软件,进行student-t检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
使用TCMSP数据库和SwissADME平台,获取温胆汤的成分信息,其中半夏(Arum Ternatum Thunb)、陈皮(Citrus Reticulata)、生姜(Zingiber Officinale Roscoe)、甘草(licorice)、枳实(Aurantii Fructus Immaturus)和竹茹(Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam)的潜在活性成分分别为3个、5个、1个、70个、17个和6个。以“COPD”为关键词分别在Gene Cards、Drugbank、OMIM和TDD数据库中进行检索,分别得到508个、110个、6个和76个COPD疾病作用靶点,合并整理并删除重复项后,获得649个COPD疾病作用靶点。进一步的作用靶点预测分析显示,温胆汤对COPD中98个作用靶点具有潜在的调控作用(图2),并构建“中药-活性成分-靶点”网络图(图3),利用CytoNCA插件计算网络拓扑学参数得出前11位主要活性成分(表2)。
为进一步探究温胆汤治疗COPD作用,进行KEGG通路富集分析(图4),结果显示温胆汤治疗COPD的作用可能同脂质与动脉粥样硬化(lipid and atherosclerosis)、环磷酸腺苷(CAMP)信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶-蛋白激酶B(PI3K-Akt signaling pathway)信号通路、化学致癌-活性氧(chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species)和IL-17信号通路等有关。
采用OPLS-DA对Control组和COPD组和三组分别进行多元统计比较,得到OPLS-DA得分图。如图5A和5B所示,两个OPLS-DA模型的参数分别为R2X=0.665,R2Y=0.974,Q2=0.869和R2X=0.652,R2Y=0.937,Q2=0.764,这提示OPLS-DA模型性能均良好,并且各组都能呈现良好的聚类效果,组间明显区分。采用置换检验对OPLS-DA模型进行验证,Q2在Y轴截距均为负值,表明所建立的OPLS-DA模型未过度拟合,所示结果可靠,可进一步分析(图5)。
基于OPLS-DA得分图,根据VIP≥1、P<0.05、差异倍数(FC)>1.5或FC<0.5筛选得到12个差异代谢物,分别是乙酰磷酸盐、2-氧异戊酸酯、柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐、2-丙醇、异丁酸盐、苏氨酸、N-乙酰神经氨酸、木糖、肌氨酸、2-氨基丁酸、原胆酸,具体信息见表3。在差异代谢物中,显著上调的有6种,分别是原胆酸、2-丙醇、乙酰磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐、异丁酸盐、琥珀酸盐。其余则显著下调。而经过药物干预后的WDD组,丙二醇、N-乙酰神经氨酸、苏氨酸、原胆酸、2-氧异戊酸酯、乙酰磷酸、柠檬酸盐、异丁酸和琥珀酸盐发生显著变化(P<0.05),这表明,这9种代谢物可能是温胆汤治疗COPD的关键代谢物。通路分析结果表明(图6),COPD大鼠相关代谢紊乱可能与柠檬酸循环,蛋氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸代谢,支链脂肪酸的氧化等代谢通路相关。
为揭示温胆汤治疗COPD的相关的基因和代谢物之间的关系,基于Metscape算法,建立“基因-代谢物”作用网络。结果显示,脂质代谢相关通路(EPA形成的假定抗炎代谢产物;过氧化物酶体氧化;白三烯代谢;花生四烯酸代谢;亚麻油酸代谢;性激素的生物合成和代谢等)和氨基酸代谢相关通路(色氨酸、酪氨酸代谢;尿素循环与精氨酸、脯氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和天冬酰胺的代谢等),可能与温胆汤的治疗作用具有密切关联(图7)。此外,为进一步识别温胆汤治疗COPD相关的核心靶点基因,采用MCC和Degree算法对上述“基因-代谢物”作用网络进行分析。结果显示,黄嘌呤脱氢酶(xanthine dehydrogenase,XDH)、激酶插入区受体(kinase insert domain receptor,KDR)、磷酸二酯酶5A(phosphodiesterase 5A,PDE5A)、细胞色素P450家族2亚家族C成员9(cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9,CYP2C9)和成员19(CYP2C19)可能是温胆汤治疗COPD的核心靶点,算法得分见表4
与正常对照组相比,COPD模型组肺组织损伤明显,HE染色以渗出为主并伴有增生,可见充血、水肿,间质可见大量炎细胞浸润、杯状细胞增生,管壁增厚以及气道狭窄。而给予温胆汤治疗后,上述病理症状得到显著改善(图8)。
与正常对照组相比,COPD模型组IL-6、TNF-α含量和MDA活性显著升高,SOD活性显著下降。同样地,给予温胆汤治疗后,IL-6、TNF-α含量和MDA活性显著下降,SOD活性显著上升(图9)。说明温胆汤可显著降低肺组织炎症因子水平和氧化应激损伤程度。
将核心成分和核心靶点基因进行分子对接,以结合能数值大小评价对接效力标准,数值越小表明配体与受体的结合活性越好。结合能将以热图呈现(图10),利用PyMOL、Discovery Studio软件将结合能小于-7 kcal·mol-1对接结果进行可视化(图11,表5)。结果显示各核心成分和相关核心靶点基因的结合能数值均小于-4.25 kcal·mol-1,这表明核心成分与核心靶点具有较强的关联性,核心成分可能是温胆汤治疗COPD的潜在药效成分。
综上,将药物、靶点、代谢物和通路进行整合并基于“药物-靶点-代谢物-通路”绘制作用机制图(图12)。
温胆汤是中医十大经典名方,收录于国家中医药管理局首批公布的《古代经典名方目录》。温胆汤在COPD的有效防治方面具有重要应用,然而其作用机制的不明确,这限制了温胆汤的现代应用与市场推广。本文建立了一种基于代谢组学、网络药理学和分子对接的整合药理学研究方法:首先,借助网络药理学方法揭示温胆汤治疗COPD的潜在机制;其次,利用代谢组学技术分析温胆汤对COPD诱发代谢紊乱的调节作用;而后,整合网络药理学与代谢组学研究结果,探讨温胆汤治疗COPD的作用机制;最后,采用实验药理学与分子模拟技术,进一步明确温胆汤治疗COPD的分子机制。
“中药-活性成分-靶点”筛选出核心活性成分主要来源于半夏、竹茹、甘草和生姜,未筛选到陈皮的成分。这可能是由于拓扑学参数筛选条件的原因造成的,为提高研究的特异性与准确性,我们将筛选条件设置为拓扑学参数大于0.26,这导致一些拓扑学参数较低、没有达到条件的成分,没有被本研究筛选出。核心活性成分为萜类(18α-羟基甘草次酸)、黄酮类化合物(甘草异黄烷酮、山豆根)和异喹啉生物碱(消旋卡文定碱)等。萜类化合物具有较强的抗炎抗氧化的药理作用,与调节和抑制Akt活性、减弱香烟烟雾诱导的kappa B激酶抑制剂相关[12]。黄酮类是最常见的次生代谢物,广泛存在于植物中,其抗炎机制主要通过减轻肺组织中TNF、转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)、抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)磷酸化等多途径发挥疗效[13-14]。黄酮化合物除了减轻炎症以外,还可能通过增加核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor e2-related factor 2,(Nrf2))相关的抗氧化机制来减弱髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)活性和MDA水平,进一步缓解氧化应激[15]
KEGG富集通路显示,温胆汤治疗COPD主要涉及的通路有脂质与动脉粥样硬化、CAMP信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、化学致癌-活性氧、IL-17信号通路等。脂质代谢途径的改变与COPD发病机制密切相关,其代谢紊乱可进一步加重气道炎症和细胞凋亡[16]。PI3K-Akt信号通路通过调控哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、细胞核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)等多途径参与COPD气道炎症反应[17]。另一方面,ROS是组织和细胞损伤的主要原因,香烟烟雾可刺激气道上皮细胞产生ROS并进一步通过cAMP信号激活囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节蛋白(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR),但长时间的暴露可使CFTR功能降低,导致黏液纤毛清除严重受损和气道阻塞,加重并延长COPD病程[18-19]。同时氧化应激还可作用于PI3K-Akt信号通路,加剧气道和肺部的炎症[20]。综上,温胆汤可能通过影响炎症反应和氧化应激密切相关通路,进而干预COPD。
COPD大鼠差异代谢物以羧酸类化合物为主,与ATP的产生和失衡密切相关,影响能量转化和利用,主要表现为参与氨基酸代谢相关的琥珀酸酯含量增高,2-氧异戊酸酯和肌氨酸含量降低。Lin等[21]研究表明,2-氧代异戊酸的下调可能参与肠易激综合征肠道免疫系统和肠道炎症的调节过程。Feng等[22]发现,2-琥珀酸乙酯-蒽醌可以下调NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor hot protein domain-associated protein 3,NLRP3), 白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和半胱天冬酶-1蛋白的表达,从而介导NLRP3炎症小体信号通路以产生抗炎作用。如图7所示,较多的靶基因与琥珀酸酯相连,这表明温胆汤可能通过调节琥珀酸酯含量进一步干预COPD相关的炎症反应。此外,差异代谢物还表现为调节糖酵解、糖异生的N-乙酰神经氨酸、乙酰磷酸盐和柠檬酸盐含量增高。其中,N-乙酰神经氨酸变化更为显著,N-乙酰神经氨酸通过增加总抗氧化态和降低硫代巴比妥酸反应物显著改善肝组织氧化应激,同时,N-乙酰神经氨酸还能减少高脂肪饮食诱导的炎症反应[23]。如图7所示,N-乙酰神经氨酸与其他内源性代谢物(乙酰磷酸盐和柠檬酸盐)关联紧密,这提示,N-乙酰神经氨酸协同温胆汤对COPD氧化应激和炎症反应的调节作用具有密切关系。并且在癌细胞增殖研究中发现,异柠檬酸脱氢酶-1催化的胞质柠檬酸盐通过线粒体柠檬酸转运蛋白诱导净胞质到线粒体柠檬酸盐通量,可以减轻锚定蛋白依赖性肿瘤体中脱离诱导的氧化应激[24]
整合研究结果显示,脂质代谢与氨基酸代谢相关通路对于是温胆汤发挥治疗COPD作用的具有重要意义。一方面,花生四烯酸类作为有重要生理活性的脂质物质,可通过环加氧酶(cyclooxygenase-2,COX)、脂氧合酶和CYP统计是生产类花生酸类物质[25]。研究表明,花生四烯酸代谢紊乱可通过CYPs/COX-2途径加剧急性肺损伤中的炎症反应[26]。如图7显示,温胆汤可显著改善花生四烯酸代谢紊乱,这提示温胆汤可能通过干预花生四烯酸代谢从而抑制炎症反应,以达到治疗COPD的作用。并且温胆汤还能通过影响性激素水平进一步削弱COPD相关的炎症反应(图7)。研究显示性激素代谢对肺部疾病发挥重要作用,雄激素可通过平衡Th1/Th2信号通路实现抗炎抗氧化的作用[27-28]。另一方面,整合分析结果显示温胆汤也可能通过调节氨基酸类代谢,从而削弱炎症反应和氧化应激,改善COPD症状。骨骼肌是特殊条件下的主要蛋白质来源,异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和缬氨酸均是支链氨基酸(branched chain amino acid,BCAAs),由于COPD加重所引起的高代谢和呼吸肌无力,BCAAs浓度可能会在疾病发生时显著降低[29]。本实验结果显示,温胆汤可能通过改善BCAAs浓度从而影响COPD相关代谢均衡(图7)。此外,整合分析结果表明温胆汤还可能通过影响色氨酸代谢和天冬氨酸代谢等,进而削弱炎症反应、改善COPD症状。这是因为色氨酸分解代谢及其代谢酶的活性增加可能通过抑制Th1和Th17细胞在炎症部位的积累来缓解炎症反应[30-31]。另一方面,天冬氨酸对氧化应激具有重要的调节作用[32]。因此,温胆汤对天冬氨酸代谢的调节作用,可能是其发挥抗氧化应激作用的重要机制。此外,对于糖代谢的调节作用也可能有助于温胆汤的治疗效应,考虑到柠檬酸水平与三羧酸循环以及线粒体功能的密切关联,因此,本课题组推测温胆汤可能通过干预柠檬酸水平进而改善线粒体功能障碍,从而发挥其抗氧化作用(图7)[33]
整合分析筛选出5个核心靶点基因为XDHKDRPDE5ACYP2C9CYP2C19XDH可编码黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase,XO)和XDH,XDH主要参与还原型辅酶Ⅰ的产生,XO负责ROS的产生[34]KDR则在COPD的组织重塑和血管生成中发挥作用[35]。CYP2C9和CYP2C19是细胞色素P450酶大家族CYP2C亚家族中两种最重要的药物代谢酶,CYP环氧合酶催化细胞内氨基酸的环氧化,从而产生具有抗炎、抗凋亡和抗氧化活性的环氧二十碳三烯酸,与COPD的发病机制相关[36]。整合分析表明炎症反应和氧化应激可能是温胆汤治疗COPD的关键机制。
HE染色实验表明温胆汤可以有效地改善COPD造成的肺组织结构异常,削弱COPD引起的肺组织病理变化。先前研究显示,降低TNF-α、IL-6水平可显著改善COPD炎症反应,并且降低SOD、MDA能够减轻COPD氧化应激反应[37-38]。本研究中相关指标的检测结果也表明,温胆汤可以通过抑制炎症因子和氧化应激的过度激活进而治疗COPD。
分子对接结果显示,核心成分与核心靶点之间均存在着良好的结合能力。其中美迪紫檀素-3-O-葡萄糖苷与XDH结合的亲和力最高,结合能为-7.91 kcal·mol-1,结合位置处在结合界面中上部。美迪紫檀素-3-O-葡萄糖苷与XDH的9个氨基酸残基之间存在范德华力;羰基O与GLU314之间形成氢键(如图11C)。所示对接模型中,12,13-环氧-9-羟基十九碳-7,10-二烯酸和XDH形成7个氢键,虽较美迪紫檀素-3-O-葡萄糖苷多,但结合能低于前者,这可能与化合物中苯环数量相关。更为重要的是,分子对接实验结果也在一定程度上证实了温胆汤对炎症反应和氧化应激的干预作用。半夏中卡维丁对PDE5A的亲和力最佳能达到-6.15 kcal·mol-1。卡维丁已被证实可以通过抑制促炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6的产生以及NF-κB信号通路激活来预防LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤[39]。另一方面,PDE5A参与平滑肌收缩和松弛、细胞增殖、炎症反应等多种机制研究[40]。并且研究显示,降低PDE5A的表达,可以改善烟雾诱导的肺气肿 [41]。这提示对于炎症反应和氧化应激的干预作用,可能是温胆汤治疗COPD的重要机制。
综上所述,本研究基于代谢组学、网络药理学、代谢组学和分子对接的整合药理学技术策略,采用模拟预测与实验验证结合的方法,对温胆汤治疗COPD的作用机制进行研究。结果表明,温胆汤可能通过2-氧代异戊酸、N-乙酰神经氨酸和柠檬酸盐影响脂类代谢和氨基酸代谢,进而调节炎症反应和氧化应激,实现治疗COPD的作用。本研究为温胆汤的传承、开发提供帮助,为中药的现代化研究提供新思路。后续研究,本课题组将继续围绕温胆汤对炎症反应和氧化应激的调节作用,深入探讨温胆汤治疗COPD的分子机制。
  • 齐齐哈尔医学科学院项目资助(2023-ZDPY-001)
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2024年第59卷第11期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.11.007
  • 接收时间:2023-01-03
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-03
基金
齐齐哈尔医学科学院项目资助(2023-ZDPY-001)
齐齐哈尔医学科学院项目资助(QMSI2023E-01)
齐齐哈尔医学科学院项目资助(2022-ZDPY-004)
齐齐哈尔医学科学院项目资助(QMSI2021B-03)
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目资助(LH2022H110)
齐齐哈尔市科技计划联合引导项目资助(LHYD-2021011)
黑龙江省大学生创新训练计划项目资助(S202211230055)
黑龙江省大学生创新训练计划项目资助(S202211230035)
黑龙江省大学生创新训练计划项目资助(202111230032)
作者信息
    1 齐齐哈尔医学院 基础医学院,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
    2 齐齐哈尔医学院 药学院,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
    3 齐齐哈尔医学院 基础医学院 基础医学科研中心,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
    4 黑龙江省药食同源资源与代谢性疾病防治重点实验室,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006

通讯作者:

*林松,男,博士,副研究员 研究方向:中药经典名方现代化、心肺血管疾病的发病机制研究 Tel:(0452)2663067;
王天阳,女,博士,讲师 研究方向:中药经典名方现代化、心肺血管疾病的发病机制研究 Tel:(0452)2663067
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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