Article(id=1200147771710865684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)09-0768-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677513600000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764067126442, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1715097600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764067126442, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764067126442, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067126442, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200147768326062257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='9', pageStart='757', pageEnd='856', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764067125636, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067301065, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200148504178950495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200148504178950496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=768, endPage=775, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200147771966718246, articleId=1200147771710865684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Research Progress in Brain Targeting Peptide-Drug Conjugates, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are a serious threat to human health. However, due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), there is a lack of effective technology to deliver drugs to the brain, which seriously affects the success rate of drug development related to CNS diseases, resulting in treatment results that are often unsatisfactory. Therefore, a new technology is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Brain targeted peptide-drug conjugates, which consist of a brain targeted peptide, a linker, and a payload, have become a promising CNS drug by enabling bioactive molecules to cross the BBB and reach the brain parenchyma by using biologically relevant endogenous transport mechanisms. In this review, the types and characteristics of brain targeting peptides, linkers, and payloads are briefly introduced, and some common brain targeting peptide-drug conjugates are listed, as well as the challenges faced by such drugs and the improvement methods, in order to provide ideas for the design and development of drugs for CNS diseases.

, correspAuthors=Yajun SHI, Yi DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Na CUI, Yajun SHI, Min BAI, Shengzheng WANG, Yi DING), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200147773480862084, articleId=1200147771710865684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=脑靶向肽偶联药物研究进展, columnId=1190352408384471863, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)疾病严重危害人类的生命健康。但由于血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)的存在,缺乏将药物输送到大脑的有效技术,这严重影响CNS疾病相关药物的开发成功率,致使治疗效果往往不尽如人意。因此,迫切需要一种新技术解决上述问题。脑靶向肽偶联药物由脑靶向肽、连接基团和有效载荷3部分组成,其利用生物相关的内源性转运机制使生物活性分子透过BBB,并到达脑实质,已成为一种有前景的CNS药物。本文简要介绍了脑靶向肽偶联药物中脑靶向肽、连接基团和有效载荷的种类及特征等,并列举了一些常见的脑靶向肽偶联药物,以及此类药物面临的挑战和改进的方法,以期为后续CNS药物的设计和开发提供新思路。

, correspAuthors=史亚军, 丁一, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*史亚军,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:中药新剂型 Tel: (029)38183689;
丁一,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:中药药理 Tel:(029)84775471
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Iy/C2ETcevKxlxrYVKxi3Q==, magXml=k7w7LnHkc9Fcvxs0ZK4Bfw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6TXO8eEc8XwLhhbAZV3QnQ==, pdfFileSize=1516333, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RRe38h0BP0xmzaPkzFuP2w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=wXFnrh/fo8z4CI9ftO+QuA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

崔娜,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药药理

, authorsList=崔娜, 史亚军, 白敏, 王胜正, 丁一)}, authors=[Author(id=1200147774126784931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200147774240031148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147774126784931, language=EN, stringName=Na CUI, firstName=Na, middleName=null, lastName=CUI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
2 Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200147774370054577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147774126784931, language=CN, stringName=崔娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西 咸阳 712046
2 空军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科, 西安 710032, bio={"content":"

崔娜,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药药理

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

崔娜,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药药理

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200147773732520333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773740908942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773732520333, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773749297551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773732520333, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西 咸阳 712046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200147773879320979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773887709588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773879320979, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773896098197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773879320979, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 空军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科, 西安 710032)])]), Author(id=1200147774554603963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200147774659461569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147774554603963, language=EN, stringName=Yajun SHI, firstName=Yajun, middleName=null, lastName=SHI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1 School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200147774747541961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147774554603963, language=CN, stringName=史亚军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1 陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西 咸阳 712046, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200147773732520333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773740908942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773732520333, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773749297551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773732520333, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西 咸阳 712046)])]), Author(id=1200147774864982477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200147775070503378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147774864982477, language=EN, stringName=Min BAI, firstName=Min, middleName=null, lastName=BAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
2 Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200147775154389465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147774864982477, language=CN, stringName=白敏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西 咸阳 712046
2 空军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科, 西安 710032, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200147773732520333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773740908942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773732520333, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773749297551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773732520333, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西 咸阳 712046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200147773879320979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773887709588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773879320979, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773896098197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773879320979, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 空军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科, 西安 710032)])]), Author(id=1200147775213109729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200147775351521769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147775213109729, language=EN, stringName=Shengzheng WANG, firstName=Shengzheng, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200147775410242028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147775213109729, language=CN, stringName=王胜正, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3 空军军医大学药学系药物化学与药物分析学教研室, 西安 710032, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200147773984178586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773996761498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773984178586, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147774005150108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773984178586, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 空军军医大学药学系药物化学与药物分析学教研室, 西安 710032)])]), Author(id=1200147775498322416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200147775586402806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147775498322416, language=EN, stringName=Yi DING, firstName=Yi, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2 Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200147775678677499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, authorId=1200147775498322416, language=CN, stringName=丁一, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2 空军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科, 西安 710032, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200147773879320979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773887709588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773879320979, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773896098197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773879320979, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 空军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科, 西安 710032)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200147775850643966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=peptide-drug conjugate), Keyword(id=1200147775951307265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=brain targeting peptide), Keyword(id=1200147776060359173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=linker), Keyword(id=1200147776156828165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=payload), Keyword(id=1200147776261685770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=central nervous system), Keyword(id=1200147776370737677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=blood-brain barrier), Keyword(id=1200147776500761103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=多肽偶联药物), Keyword(id=1200147776605618706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=脑靶向肽), Keyword(id=1200147776723059221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=连接基团), Keyword(id=1200147776815333913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=有效载荷), Keyword(id=1200147776890831389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=中枢神经系统), Keyword(id=1200147776978911779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=血脑屏障)], refs=[Reference(id=1200147778270757454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=914, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=LOCHHEAD J J, YANG J, RONALDSON P T, journalName=Front Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LOCHHEAD J J, YANG J, RONALDSON P T, et al. Structure, function, and regulation of the blood-brain barrier tight junction in central nervous system disorders[J]. Front Physiol, 2020, 11:914. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2020.00914., articleTitle=Structure, function, and regulation of the blood-brain barrier tight junction in central nervous system disorders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147778354643536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=30, issue=46, pageStart=1801362, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=FURTADO D, BJÖRNMALM M, AYTON S, journalName=Adv Mater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FURTADO D, BJÖRNMALM M, AYTON S, et al. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier: the role of nanomaterials in treating neurological diseases[J]. Adv Mater, 2018, 30(46):1801362. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801362., articleTitle=Overcoming the blood-brain barrier: the role of nanomaterials in treating neurological diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147778438529621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=9, issue=3, pageStart=1901589, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=MARTINELLI C, PUCCI C, BATTAGLINI M, journalName=Adv Healthc Mater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARTINELLI C, PUCCI C, BATTAGLINI M, et al. Antioxidants and nanotechnology: promises and limits of potentially disruptive approaches in the treatment of central nervous system diseases[J]. Adv Healthc Mater, 2020, 9(3):1901589. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901589., articleTitle=Antioxidants and nanotechnology: promises and limits of potentially disruptive approaches in the treatment of central nervous system diseases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147778518221397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=16, issue=6, pageStart=583, pageEnd=605, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=JAFARI B, POURSEIF M M, BARAR J, journalName=Expert Opin Drug Deliv, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JAFARI B, POURSEIF M M, BARAR J, et al. Peptide-mediated drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier for targeting brain tumors[J]. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2019, 16(6):583-605., articleTitle=Peptide-mediated drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier for targeting brain tumors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147778585330262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=19, issue=2, pageStart=147, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=WANG L, CHEN H, WANG F, journalName=Expert Opin Drug Deliv, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L, CHEN H, WANG F, et al. The development of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) strategies for paclitaxel[J]. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2022, 19(2):147-161., articleTitle=The development of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) strategies for paclitaxel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147778648244825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=24, issue=31, pageStart=3373, pageEnd=3396, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=MA L, WANG C, HE Z, journalName=Curr Med Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA L, WANG C, HE Z, et al. Peptide-drug conjugate: a novel drug design approach[J]. Curr Med Chem, 2017, 24(31):3373-3396., articleTitle=Peptide-drug conjugate: a novel drug design approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147778723742300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=58, issue=3, pageStart=205, pageEnd=212, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=CHENG H, XIAN J C, HONG Y L, journalName=Chin Pham J(中国药学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG H, XIAN J C, HONG Y L, et al. Research rogress of rotein harmaceutical xcipients[J]. Chin Pham J(中国药学杂志), 2023, 58(3):205-212., articleTitle=Research rogress of rotein harmaceutical xcipients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147778816016991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=2, pageStart=498, pageEnd=516, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=FU C, YU L, MIAO Y, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin B(药学学报英文), refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU C, YU L, MIAO Y, et al. Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs):a novel trend of research and development on targeted therapy, hype or hope?[J]. Acta Pharm Sin B(药学学报英文), 2023, 13(2):498-516., articleTitle=Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs):a novel trend of research and development on targeted therapy, hype or hope?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147778908291683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=4, pageStart=712, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=HABIB S, SINGH M, journalName=Polymers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HABIB S, SINGH M. Angiopep-2-modified nanoparticles for brain-directed delivery of therapeutics: a review[J]. Polymers, 2022, 14(4):712. DOI: 10.3390/polym14040712., articleTitle=Angiopep-2-modified nanoparticles for brain-directed delivery of therapeutics: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779017343590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=268, issue=7, pageStart=2004, pageEnd=2012, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=LEE J H, ENGLER J A, COLLAWN J F, journalName=Eur J Biochem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE J H, ENGLER J A, COLLAWN J F, et al. Receptor mediated uptake of peptides that bind the human transferrin receptor[J]. Eur J Biochem, 2001, 268(7):2004-2012., articleTitle=Receptor mediated uptake of peptides that bind the human transferrin receptor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779185115755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=543, issue=1/2, pageStart=179, pageEnd=189, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=HUA H, ZHANG X, MU H, journalName=Int J Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUA H, ZHANG X, MU H, et al. RVG29-modified docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles for brain-targeted glioma therapy[J]. Int J Pharm, 2018, 543(1/2):179-189., articleTitle=RVG29-modified docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles for brain-targeted glioma therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779294167659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=21, issue=null, pageStart=67, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=HAN Z, SHANG W, LIANG X, journalName=Mol Imaging Biol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN Z, SHANG W, LIANG X, et al. An innovation for treating orthotopic pancreatic cancer by preoperative screening and imaging-guided surgery[J]. Mol Imaging Biol, 2019, 21:67-77. DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1209-8., articleTitle=An innovation for treating orthotopic pancreatic cancer by preoperative screening and imaging-guided surgery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779394830957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=11, issue=1, pageStart=2588, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=MORITO T, HARADA R, IWATA R, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MORITO T, HARADA R, IWATA R, et al. Synthesis and pharmacokinetic characterisation of a fluorine-18 labelled brain shuttle peptide fusion dimeric affibody[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1):2588. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82037-2., articleTitle=Synthesis and pharmacokinetic characterisation of a fluorine-18 labelled brain shuttle peptide fusion dimeric affibody, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779491299952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=344, issue=11, pageStart=783, pageEnd=792, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=SLAMON D J, LEYLAND-JONES B, SHAK S, journalName=N Engl J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SLAMON D J, LEYLAND-JONES B, SHAK S, et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2[J]. N Engl J Med, 2001, 344(11):783-792., articleTitle=Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779566797426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=51, issue=13, pageStart=1096, pageEnd=1100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=WANG L, YU C F, YANG Y L, journalName=Chin Pham J(中国药学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L, YU C F, YANG Y L, et al. Biological effects of trastuzumab and T-DM1 on different breast cancer lines[J]. Chin Pham J(中国药学杂志), 2016, 51(13):1096-1100., articleTitle=Biological effects of trastuzumab and T-DM1 on different breast cancer lines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779638100598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=46, issue=7, pageStart=553, pageEnd=576, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=DE BOER A G, GAILLARD P J, journalName=Clin Pharmacokinet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DE BOER A G, GAILLARD P J. Strategies to improve drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier[J]. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2007, 46(7):553-576., articleTitle=Strategies to improve drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779763929723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=129, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=REGINA A, DEMEULE M, TRIPATHY S, journalName=Mol Cancer Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REGINA A, DEMEULE M, TRIPATHY S, et al. ANG4043, a novel brain-penetrant peptide-mab conjugate, is efficacious against her2-positive intracranial tumors in micepeptide-mab conjugate crosses the blood-brain barrier[J]. Mol Cancer Ther, 2015, 14(1):129-140., articleTitle=ANG4043, a novel brain-penetrant peptide-mab conjugate, is efficacious against her2-positive intracranial tumors in micepeptide-mab conjugate crosses the blood-brain barrier, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779856204416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=38, issue=null, pageStart=61, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=PARK T E, SINGH B, LI H, journalName=Biomaterials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARK T E, SINGH B, LI H, et al. Enhanced BBB permeability of osmotically active poly (mannitol-co-PEI) modified with rabies virus glycoprotein via selective stimulation of caveolar endocytosis for RNAi therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease[J]. Biomaterials, 2015, 38:61-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.068., articleTitle=Enhanced BBB permeability of osmotically active poly (mannitol-co-PEI) modified with rabies virus glycoprotein via selective stimulation of caveolar endocytosis for RNAi therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147779944284802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=5755, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=XIN X, LIU W, ZHANG Z A, journalName=Int J Nanomed, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIN X, LIU W, ZHANG Z A, et al. Efficient anti-glioma therapy through the brain-targeted RVG15-modified liposomes loading paclitaxel-cholesterol complex[J]. Int J Nanomed, 2021, 16:5755. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S318266., articleTitle=Efficient anti-glioma therapy through the brain-targeted RVG15-modified liposomes loading paclitaxel-cholesterol complex, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780011393670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=44, pageStart=8409, pageEnd=8415, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=DÍAZ-PERLAS C, OLLER-SALVIA B, SÁNCHEZ-NAVARRO M, journalName=Chem Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DÍAZ-PERLAS C, OLLER-SALVIA B, SÁNCHEZ-NAVARRO M, et al. Branched BBB-shuttle peptides: chemoselective modification of proteins to enhance blood-brain barrier transport[J]. Chem Sci, 2018, 9(44):8409-8415., articleTitle=Branched BBB-shuttle peptides: chemoselective modification of proteins to enhance blood-brain barrier transport, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780074308232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=108, issue=null, pageStart=1090, pageEnd=1096, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=DERAKHSHANKHAH H, JAFARI S, journalName=Biomed Pharmacother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DERAKHSHANKHAH H, JAFARI S. Cell penetrating peptides: a concise review with emphasis on biomedical applications[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 108:1090-1096. DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.097., articleTitle=Cell penetrating peptides: a concise review with emphasis on biomedical applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780208525963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=4, pageStart=1153, pageEnd=1188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=DESALE K, KUCHE K, JAIN S, journalName=Biomater Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DESALE K, KUCHE K, JAIN S. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs):an overview of applications for improving the potential of nanotherapeutics[J]. Biomater Sci, 2021, 9(4):1153-1188., articleTitle=Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs):an overview of applications for improving the potential of nanotherapeutics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780384686738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=455, pageEnd=472, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=HERVÉ F, GHINEA N, SCHERRMANN J M, journalName=AAPS J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HERVÉ F, GHINEA N, SCHERRMANN J M. CNS delivery via adsorptive transcytosis[J]. AAPS J, 2008, 10:455-472. DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9055-2., articleTitle=CNS delivery via adsorptive transcytosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780455989910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=22, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=SILVA S, ALMEIDA A J, VALE N, journalName=Biomolecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SILVA S, ALMEIDA A J, VALE N. Combination of cell-penetrating peptides with nanoparticles for therapeutic application: a review[J]. Biomolecules, 2019, 9(1):22. DOI: 10.3390/biom9010022., articleTitle=Combination of cell-penetrating peptides with nanoparticles for therapeutic application: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780565041818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=168, issue=null, pageStart=106054, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=FRØSLEV P, FRANZYK H, OZGÜR B, journalName=Eur J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FRØSLEV P, FRANZYK H, OZGÜR B, et al. Highly cationic cell-penetrating peptides affect the barrier integrity and facilitates mannitol permeation in a human stem cell-based blood-brain barrier model[J]. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2022, 168:106054. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106054., articleTitle=Highly cationic cell-penetrating peptides affect the barrier integrity and facilitates mannitol permeation in a human stem cell-based blood-brain barrier model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780707648160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=35, issue=17, pageStart=4835, pageEnd=4847, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=LIU Y, RAN R, CHEN J, journalName=Biomaterials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y, RAN R, CHEN J, et al. Paclitaxel loaded liposomes decorated with a multifunctional tandem peptide for glioma targeting[J]. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(17):4835-4847., articleTitle=Paclitaxel loaded liposomes decorated with a multifunctional tandem peptide for glioma targeting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780799922851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=19, issue=11, pageStart=3700, pageEnd=3729, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=PARRASIA S, SZABò I, ZORATTI M, journalName=Mol Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARRASIA S, SZABò I, ZORATTI M, et al. Peptides as pharmacological carriers to the brain: promises, shortcomings and challenges[J]. Mol Pharm, 2022, 19(11):3700-3729., articleTitle=Peptides as pharmacological carriers to the brain: promises, shortcomings and challenges, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780908974758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=64, issue=6, pageStart=2982, pageEnd=3005, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=BARANYAI Z, BIRI-KOVÁCS B, KRATKY M, journalName=J Med Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARANYAI Z, BIRI-KOVÁCS B, KRATKY M, et al. Cellular internalization and inhibition capacity of new anti-glioma peptide conjugates: physicochemical characterization and evaluation on various monolayer-and 3d-spheroid-based in vitro platforms[J]. J Med Chem, 2021, 64(6):2982-3005., articleTitle=Cellular internalization and inhibition capacity of new anti-glioma peptide conjugates: physicochemical characterization and evaluation on various monolayer-and 3d-spheroid-based in vitro platforms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780980277925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=476, issue=1/2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LIU H, ZHANG W, MA L, journalName=Int J Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU H, ZHANG W, MA L, et al. The improved blood-brain barrier permeability of endomorphin-1 using the cell-penetrating peptide synB3 with three different linkages[J]. Int J Pharm, 2014, 476(1/2):1-8., articleTitle=The improved blood-brain barrier permeability of endomorphin-1 using the cell-penetrating peptide synB3 with three different linkages, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781072552616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=91, issue=2, pageStart=664, pageEnd=668, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=FAWELL S, SEERY J, DAIKH Y, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAWELL S, SEERY J, DAIKH Y, et al. Tat-mediated delivery of heterologous proteins into cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 1994, 91(2):664-668., articleTitle=Tat-mediated delivery of heterologous proteins into cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781194187434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=419, issue=1/2, pageStart=85, pageEnd=95, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=QIN Y, CHEN H, YUAN W, journalName=Int J Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIN Y, CHEN H, YUAN W, et al. Liposome formulated with TAT-modified cholesterol for enhancing the brain delivery[J]. Int J Pharm, 2011, 419(1/2):85-95., articleTitle=Liposome formulated with TAT-modified cholesterol for enhancing the brain delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781299045037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=25, pageStart=3144, pageEnd=3146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=SANTRA S, YANG H, STANLEY J T, journalName=Chem Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SANTRA S, YANG H, STANLEY J T, et al. Rapid and effective labeling of brain tissue using TAT-conjugated CdS∶ Mn/ZnS quantum dots[J]. Chem Commun, 2005, (25):3144-3146., articleTitle=Rapid and effective labeling of brain tissue using TAT-conjugated CdS∶ Mn/ZnS quantum dots, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781370348208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=90, issue=5, pageStart=617, pageEnd=623, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=LIU L, VENKATRAMAN S S, YANG Y Y, journalName=Pept Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU L, VENKATRAMAN S S, YANG Y Y, et al. Polymeric micelles anchored with TAT for delivery of antibiotics across the blood-brain barrier[J]. Pept Sci, 2008, 90(5):617-623., articleTitle=Polymeric micelles anchored with TAT for delivery of antibiotics across the blood-brain barrier, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781450039987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=313, issue=2, pageStart=712, pageEnd=719, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=TEMSAMANI J, BONNAFOUS C, ROUSSELLE C, journalName=J Pharmacol Exp Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TEMSAMANI J, BONNAFOUS C, ROUSSELLE C, et al. Improved brain uptake and pharmacological activity profile of morphine-6-glucuronide using a peptide vector-mediated strategy[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2005, 313(2):712-719., articleTitle=Improved brain uptake and pharmacological activity profile of morphine-6-glucuronide using a peptide vector-mediated strategy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781512954549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=275, issue=null, pageStart=129, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=LIANG Y, LI S, WANG X, journalName=J Controlled Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG Y, LI S, WANG X, et al. A comparative study of the antitumor efficacy of peptide-doxorubicin conjugates with different linkers[J]. J Controlled Release, 2018, 275:129-141. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.033., articleTitle=A comparative study of the antitumor efficacy of peptide-doxorubicin conjugates with different linkers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781592646327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=64, issue=1, pageStart=216, pageEnd=232, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ALAS M, SAGHAEIDEHKORDI A, KAUR K, journalName=J Med Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALAS M, SAGHAEIDEHKORDI A, KAUR K. Peptide-drug conjugates with different linkers for cancer therapy[J]. J Med Chem, 2020, 64(1):216-232., articleTitle=Peptide-drug conjugates with different linkers for cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781689115322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=12, issue=6, pageStart=576, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=DÓKUS L E, LAJKÓ E, RANDELOVIC' I, journalName=Pharmaceutics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DÓKUS L E, LAJKÓ E, RANDELOVIC' I, et al. Phage display-based homing peptide-daunomycin conjugates for selective drug targeting to PANC-1 pancreatic cancer[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2020, 12(6):576. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060576., articleTitle=Phage display-based homing peptide-daunomycin conjugates for selective drug targeting to PANC-1 pancreatic cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781785584316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=155, issue=null, pageStart=24, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=ZHENG B Y, YANG X Q, ZHAO Y, journalName=Eur J Med Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG B Y, YANG X Q, ZHAO Y, et al. Synthesis and photodynamic activities of integrin-targeting silicon (IV) phthalocyanine-cRGD conjugates[J]. Eur J Med Chem, 2018, 155:24-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.039., articleTitle=Synthesis and photodynamic activities of integrin-targeting silicon (IV) phthalocyanine-cRGD conjugates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781861081790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=1873, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=GALA U H, MILLER D A, WILLIAMS Ⅲ R O, journalName=Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GALA U H, MILLER D A, WILLIAMS Ⅲ R O. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs through amorphous solid dispersions[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer, 2020, 1873(1):188319. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188319., articleTitle=Harnessing the therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs through amorphous solid dispersions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781970133697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=117, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=GIAMANCO K A, MATTHEWS R T, journalName=Tumor Microenviron Extracell Matrix Compon Part B, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GIAMANCO K A, MATTHEWS R T. The role of BEHAB/Brevican in the tumor microenvironment: mediating glioma cell invasion and motility[J]. Tumor Microenviron Extracell Matrix Compon Part B, 2020:117-132. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_7., articleTitle=The role of BEHAB/Brevican in the tumor microenvironment: mediating glioma cell invasion and motility, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782074991300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=4, issue=4, pageStart=2000244, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=VON SPRECKELSEN N, FADZEN C M, HARTRAMPF N, journalName=Adv Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VON SPRECKELSEN N, FADZEN C M, HARTRAMPF N, et al. Targeting glioblastoma using a novel peptide specific to a deglycosylated isoform of brevican[J]. Adv Ther, 2021, 4(4):2000244. DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000244., articleTitle=Targeting glioblastoma using a novel peptide specific to a deglycosylated isoform of brevican, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782171460294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=CHO C F, FARQUHAR C E, FADZEN C M, journalName=Cancers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHO C F, FARQUHAR C E, FADZEN C M, et al. A tumor-homing peptide platform enhances drug solubility, improves blood-brain barrier permeability and targets glioblastoma[J]. Cancers, 2022, 14(9):2207. DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092207., articleTitle=A tumor-homing peptide platform enhances drug solubility, improves blood-brain barrier permeability and targets glioblastoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782255346377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=829, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=HEH E, ALLEN J, RAMIREZ F, journalName=Int J Mol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HEH E, ALLEN J, RAMIREZ F, et al. Peptide drug conjugates and their role in cancer therapy[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(1):829. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010829., articleTitle=Peptide drug conjugates and their role in cancer therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782330843852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=2, issue=1, pageStart=zcaa002, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=BAILLY C, THURU X, QUESNEL B, journalName=NAR Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAILLY C, THURU X, QUESNEL B. Combined cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy of cancer: modern times[J]. NAR Cancer, 2020, 2(1):zcaa002. DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa002., articleTitle=Combined cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy of cancer: modern times, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782423118543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=8, issue=3, pageStart=2001960, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=HUA D, TANG L, WANG W, journalName=Adv Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUA D, TANG L, WANG W, et al. Improved antiglioblastoma activity and BBB permeability by conjugation of paclitaxel to a cell-penetrative MMP-2-cleavable peptide[J]. Adv Sci, 2021, 8(3):2001960. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001960., articleTitle=Improved antiglioblastoma activity and BBB permeability by conjugation of paclitaxel to a cell-penetrative MMP-2-cleavable peptide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782540559058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=330, issue=null, pageStart=1220, pageEnd=1228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=KHAN M M, FILIPCZAK N, TORCHILIN V P, journalName=J Controlled Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHAN M M, FILIPCZAK N, TORCHILIN V P. Cell penetrating peptides: a versatile vector for co-delivery of drug and genes in cancer[J]. J Controlled Release, 2021, 330:1220-1228. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.028., articleTitle=Cell penetrating peptides: a versatile vector for co-delivery of drug and genes in cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782611862228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=10, pageStart=857, pageEnd=869, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=ZHU Y S, TANG K, LÜ J, journalName=Trends Pharmacol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Y S, TANG K, J. Peptide-drug conjugate-based novel molecular drug delivery system in cancer[J]. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2021, 42(10):857-869., articleTitle=Peptide-drug conjugate-based novel molecular drug delivery system in cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782712525526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=32, issue=7, pageStart=1399, pageEnd=1408, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=WOODS B, SILVA R B D, SCHMIDT C, journalName=Bioconjug Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WOODS B, SILVA R B D, SCHMIDT C, et al. Bioconjugate supramolecular Pd2+ metallacages penetrate the blood brain barrier in vitro and in vivo[J]. Bioconjug Chem, 2021, 32(7):1399-1408., articleTitle=Bioconjugate supramolecular Pd2+ metallacages penetrate the blood brain barrier in vitro and in vivo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782792217304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=155, issue=2, pageStart=185, pageEnd=197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=REGINA A, DEMEULE M, CHE C, journalName=Br J Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REGINA A, DEMEULE M, CHE C, et al. Antitumour activity of ANG1005, a conjugate between paclitaxel and the new brain delivery vector Angiopep-2[J]. Br J Pharmacol, 2008, 155(2):185-197., articleTitle=Antitumour activity of ANG1005, a conjugate between paclitaxel and the new brain delivery vector Angiopep-2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782888686298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=19, issue=6, pageStart=1567, pageEnd=1576, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=DRAPPATZ J, BRENNER A, WONG E T, journalName=Clin Cancer Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DRAPPATZ J, BRENNER A, WONG E T, et al. Phase I study of GRN1005 in recurrent malignant GliomaGRN1005 for recurrent glioma[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2013, 19(6):1567-1576., articleTitle=Phase I study of GRN1005 in recurrent malignant GliomaGRN1005 for recurrent glioma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147782972572379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=12, pageStart=2789, pageEnd=2799, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=KUMTHEKAR P, TANG S C, BRENNER A J, journalName=Clin Cancer Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUMTHEKAR P, TANG S C, BRENNER A J, et al. ANG1005, a brain-penetrating peptide-drug conjugate, shows activity in patients with breast cancer with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and recurrent brain MetastasesANG1005 for leptomeningeal and CNS metastases[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 26(12):2789-2799., articleTitle=ANG1005, a brain-penetrating peptide-drug conjugate, shows activity in patients with breast cancer with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and recurrent brain MetastasesANG1005 for leptomeningeal and CNS metastases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147783069041372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=760, pageEnd=774, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=RUSIECKA I, RUCZYNHSKI J, KOZŁOWSKA A, journalName=Bioconjug Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RUSIECKA I, RUCZYNHSKI J, KOZŁOWSKA A, et al. TP10-dopamine conjugate as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of Parkinson's disease[J]. Bioconjug Chem, 2019, 30(3):760-774., articleTitle=TP10-dopamine conjugate as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147783173898973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=374, issue=1, pageStart=52, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=EISELT E, OTIS V, BELLEVILLE K, journalName=J Pharmacol Exp Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EISELT E, OTIS V, BELLEVILLE K, et al. Use of a noninvasive brain-penetrating peptide-drug conjugate strategy to improve the delivery of opioid pain relief medications to the brain[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2020, 374(1):52-61., articleTitle=Use of a noninvasive brain-penetrating peptide-drug conjugate strategy to improve the delivery of opioid pain relief medications to the brain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147783278756575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=57, issue=15, pageStart=1232, pageEnd=1240, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=CHEN M, SUN P, SU J, journalName=Chin Pham J(中国药学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN M, SUN P, SU J, et al. Research progress in new drug delivery systems for proteins and polypeptides[J]. Chin Pham J(中国药学杂志), 2022, 57(15):1232-1240., articleTitle=Research progress in new drug delivery systems for proteins and polypeptides, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147783375225569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=403, issue=null, pageStart=126296, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=RUAN H, YAO S, WANG S, journalName=Chem Eng J, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RUAN H, YAO S, WANG S, et al. Stapled RAP12 peptide ligand of LRP1 for micelles-based multifunctional glioma-targeted drug delivery[J]. Chem Eng J, 2021, 403:126296. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126296., articleTitle=Stapled RAP12 peptide ligand of LRP1 for micelles-based multifunctional glioma-targeted drug delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147783450723043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=30, issue=null, pageStart=174, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=COOK N, BANERJI U, EVANS J, journalName=Ann Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COOK N, BANERJI U, EVANS J, et al. Pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment of BT1718: a phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ a study of BT1718, a first in class bicycle toxin conjugate (BTC), in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumours[J]. Ann Oncol, 2019, 30:174. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz244.026., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment of BT1718: a phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ a study of BT1718, a first in class bicycle toxin conjugate (BTC), in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumours, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147783576552166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=11, issue=10, pageStart=3261, pageEnd=3268, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=WEI X, ZHAN C, CHEN X, journalName=Mol Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI X, ZHAN C, CHEN X, et al. Retro-inverso isomer of angiopep-2: a stable d-peptide ligand inspires brain-targeted drug delivery[J]. Mol Pharm, 2014, 11(10):3261-3268., articleTitle=Retro-inverso isomer of angiopep-2: a stable d-peptide ligand inspires brain-targeted drug delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147783731741416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=514, pageEnd=521, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=WU H, HUANG J, journalName=Protein Pept Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU H, HUANG J. Optimization of protein and peptide drugs based on the mechanisms of kidney clearance[J]. Protein Pept Lett, 2018, 25(6):514-521., articleTitle=Optimization of protein and peptide drugs based on the mechanisms of kidney clearance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147783857570539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=26, issue=10, pageStart=2759, pageEnd=2765, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=ERAK M, BELLMANN-SICKERT K, ELS-HEINDL S, journalName=Bioorg Med Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ERAK M, BELLMANN-SICKERT K, ELS-HEINDL S, et al. Peptide chemistry toolbox-transforming natural peptides into peptide therapeutics[J]. Bioorg Med Chem, 2018, 26(10):2759-2765., articleTitle=Peptide chemistry toolbox-transforming natural peptides into peptide therapeutics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147783928873709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=20, issue=4, pageStart=309, pageEnd=325, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=MUTTENTHALER M, KING G F, ADAMS D J, journalName=Nat Rev Drug Discov, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MUTTENTHALER M, KING G F, ADAMS D J, et al. Trends in peptide drug discovery[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2021, 20(4):309-325., articleTitle=Trends in peptide drug discovery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147784025342702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=2978, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=AGHAABDOLLAHIAN S, AHANGARI COHAN R, NOROUZIAN D, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AGHAABDOLLAHIAN S, AHANGARI COHAN R, NOROUZIAN D, et al. Enhancing bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties of a nano-sized, anti-VEGFR2 adnectin, through PASylation technology[J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):2978. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39776-0., articleTitle=Enhancing bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties of a nano-sized, anti-VEGFR2 adnectin, through PASylation technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147784126006001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=44, pageStart=2101633, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=RONDON A, MAHRI S, MORALES-YANEZ F, journalName=Adv Funct Mater, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RONDON A, MAHRI S, MORALES-YANEZ F, et al. Protein engineering strategies for improved pharmacokinetics[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 31(44):2101633. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101633., articleTitle=Protein engineering strategies for improved pharmacokinetics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147784209892081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=31, issue=null, pageStart=10, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=62, authorNames=BINDER U, SKERRA A, journalName=Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BINDER U, SKERRA A. PASylation®: a versatile technology to extend drug delivery[J]. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci, 2017, 31:10-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.06.004., articleTitle=PASylation®: a versatile technology to extend drug delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147784277000946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=51, issue=6, pageStart=519, pageEnd=529, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=63, authorNames=KHODABAKHSH F, SALIMIAN M, HEDAYATI M H, journalName=Prep Biochem Biotechnol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHODABAKHSH F, SALIMIAN M, HEDAYATI M H, et al. Challenges and advancements in the pharmacokinetic enhancement of therapeutic proteins[J]. Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2021, 51(6):519-529., articleTitle=Challenges and advancements in the pharmacokinetic enhancement of therapeutic proteins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147784360887028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=19, issue=4, pageStart=277, pageEnd=289, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=64, authorNames=DRUCKER D J, journalName=Nat Rev Drug Discov, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DRUCKER D J. Advances in oral peptide therapeutics[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2020, 19(4):277-289., articleTitle=Advances in oral peptide therapeutics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147784427995894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=4, issue=1, pageStart=84, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=65, authorNames=LAMSON N G, BERGER A, FEIN K C, journalName=Nat Biomed Eng, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LAMSON N G, BERGER A, FEIN K C, et al. Anionic nanoparticles enable the oral delivery of proteins by enhancing intestinal permeability[J]. Nat Biomed Eng, 2020, 4(1):84-96., articleTitle=Anionic nanoparticles enable the oral delivery of proteins by enhancing intestinal permeability, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147784490910455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=296, issue=null, pageStart=162, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=66, authorNames=VASS P, DÉMUTH B, HIRSCH E, journalName=J Controlled Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VASS P, DÉMUTH B, HIRSCH E, et al. Drying technology strategies for colon-targeted oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals[J]. J Controlled Release, 2019, 296:162-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.023., articleTitle=Drying technology strategies for colon-targeted oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200147778052653638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, awardId=82274313, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目资助(82274313), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200147778140734025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, awardId=2023GHZD43, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省重点研发计划项目资助(2023GHZD43), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200147773732520333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773740908942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773732520333, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773749297551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773732520333, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西 咸阳 712046)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200147773879320979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773887709588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773879320979, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773896098197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773879320979, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 空军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科, 西安 710032)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200147773984178586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147773996761498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773984178586, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200147774005150108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, companyId=1200147773984178586, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 空军军医大学药学系药物化学与药物分析学教研室, 西安 710032)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200147777121518121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=sOublvGAivaMZgL6w5UW/Q==, figureFileBig=RRe38h0BP0xmzaPkzFuP2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147777205404202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, label=图1, caption=脑靶向多肽偶联药物的结构及其常见的穿过血脑屏障(BBB)的运输过程

A-脑靶向多肽偶联药物的基本结构[6-8];B-脑靶向多肽偶联药物通过血脑屏障的主要运输路线图[4]

, figureFileSmall=sOublvGAivaMZgL6w5UW/Q==, figureFileBig=RRe38h0BP0xmzaPkzFuP2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147777423508017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 靶向部分 相对分子质量 免疫原性 穿透性 清除速度
抗体偶联药物 抗体 大(约1.6×105) 限制运输 半衰期长
多肽偶联药物 多肽 小(约2×103~20×104) 容易穿透 半衰期短
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777524171315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

抗体偶联药物与多肽偶联药物(PDC)的差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 靶向部分 相对分子质量 免疫原性 穿透性 清除速度
抗体偶联药物 抗体 大(约1.6×105) 限制运输 半衰期长
多肽偶联药物 多肽 小(约2×103~20×104) 容易穿透 半衰期短
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777624834616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多肽名称 序列 来源 靶向的受体
Angiopep-2 TFFYGGSRGKRNNFKTEEY-OH Kunitz结构域衍生肽家族 低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1[9]
THR THRPPMWSPVWP-NH2 噬菌体展示技术 转铁蛋白受体[10]
RVG29 YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTNSRGKRASNG 狂犬病病毒 烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体[11]
Peptide-22 Ac-c[MPRLRGC]c-NH2 噬菌体展示技术 低密度脂蛋白受体[12]
ApoE(159~167)2 (LRKLRKRLL)2 内源性嗜神经蛋白 低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1,低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白2和低密度脂蛋白受体[13]
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777721303610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

常见的靶向大脑内某些细胞表面受体的多肽

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多肽名称 序列 来源 靶向的受体
Angiopep-2 TFFYGGSRGKRNNFKTEEY-OH Kunitz结构域衍生肽家族 低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1[9]
THR THRPPMWSPVWP-NH2 噬菌体展示技术 转铁蛋白受体[10]
RVG29 YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTNSRGKRASNG 狂犬病病毒 烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体[11]
Peptide-22 Ac-c[MPRLRGC]c-NH2 噬菌体展示技术 低密度脂蛋白受体[12]
ApoE(159~167)2 (LRKLRKRLL)2 内源性嗜神经蛋白 低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1,低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白2和低密度脂蛋白受体[13]
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777817772604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多肽名称 序列 来源
TAT(47~57) YGRKKRRQRRR-NH2 人类免疫缺陷病毒1型[25]
R8 RRRRRRRR 精氨酸聚合体[26]
TP10 AGYLLGKINLKALAALAKKIL-NH2 黄蜂毒液[27]
SynB1 RGGRLSYSRRRFSTSTGR 抗菌肽蛋白1 [28]
SynB3 RRLSYSRRRF 抗菌肽蛋白1 [29]
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777922630208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147771710865684, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

常见的作为中枢神经系统(CNS)药物载体的细胞穿透肽

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多肽名称 序列 来源
TAT(47~57) YGRKKRRQRRR-NH2 人类免疫缺陷病毒1型[25]
R8 RRRRRRRR 精氨酸聚合体[26]
TP10 AGYLLGKINLKALAALAKKIL-NH2 黄蜂毒液[27]
SynB1 RGGRLSYSRRRFSTSTGR 抗菌肽蛋白1 [28]
SynB3 RRLSYSRRRF 抗菌肽蛋白1 [29]
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1190317596361715715, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国药学杂志, nameEn=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1001-2494, eissn=null, cn=11-2162/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=hRN1R6HnoNwYkve/JRn0DA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761723430007, updatedTime=1761735858241, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=hRN1R6HnoNwYkve/JRn0DA==, picEn=xSRntM4yOh2wVIE2w+OjYg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369724262355196, language=CN, name=中国药学杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735858264, updatedTime=1761735858264, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgyxzzeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369724358824189, language=EN, name=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735858287, updatedTime=1761735858287, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgyxzzeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1190317699101192196, websiteList=[Website(id=1190317834875011552, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1190317699101192196, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761723486870, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761723510130, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国药学杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国药学杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1190318144041353703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761723560581, updateTime=1761723560581, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144016187876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761723560575, updateTime=1761723560575, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144062325226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723560586, updateTime=1761723560586, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144007799267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=puyAm9wIHqZks7K8hj8APQ==, createTime=1761723560573, updateTime=1761723560573, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144074908140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723560589, updateTime=1761723560589, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144032965094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761723560579, updateTime=1761723560579, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144070713835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723560588, updateTime=1761723560588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144024576485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761723560577, updateTime=1761723560577, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144049742312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761723560583, updateTime=1761723560583, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144053936617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761723560584, updateTime=1761723560584, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1190317834937926113, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1190317699101192196, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761723486885, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761723527689, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国药学杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1190318170478051825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761723566884, updateTime=1761723566884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170461274606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761723566880, updateTime=1761723566880, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170494829044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723566888, updateTime=1761723566888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170452885997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=puyAm9wIHqZks7K8hj8APQ==, createTime=1761723566878, updateTime=1761723566878, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170507411958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723566891, updateTime=1761723566891, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170473857520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761723566883, updateTime=1761723566883, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170503217653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723566890, updateTime=1761723566890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170465468911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761723566881, updateTime=1761723566881, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170482246130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761723566885, updateTime=1761723566885, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170486440435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761723566886, updateTime=1761723566886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国药学杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.zgyxzz.com.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, journalPhotoCn=hRN1R6HnoNwYkve/JRn0DA==, journalPhotoEn=xSRntM4yOh2wVIE2w+OjYg==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/PDF/10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/PDF/10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
脑靶向肽偶联药物研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
崔娜 1, 2 , 史亚军 1, * , 白敏 1, 2 , 王胜正 3 , 丁一 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 综述 2024,59(9): 768-775
收起
收藏切换
中国药学杂志 | 综述 2024, 59(9): 768-775
脑靶向肽偶联药物研究进展
全屏
崔娜1, 2, 史亚军1, *, 白敏1, 2, 王胜正3, 丁一2, *
作者信息
  • 1 陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西 咸阳 712046
  • 2 空军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科, 西安 710032
  • 3 空军军医大学药学系药物化学与药物分析学教研室, 西安 710032
  • 崔娜,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药药理

通讯作者:

*史亚军,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:中药新剂型 Tel: (029)38183689;
丁一,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:中药药理 Tel:(029)84775471
Research Progress in Brain Targeting Peptide-Drug Conjugates
Na CUI1, 2, Yajun SHI1, *, Min BAI1, 2, Shengzheng WANG3, Yi DING2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
  • 2 Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
  • 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
出版时间: 2024-05-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002
文章导航
收藏切换

中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)疾病严重危害人类的生命健康。但由于血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)的存在,缺乏将药物输送到大脑的有效技术,这严重影响CNS疾病相关药物的开发成功率,致使治疗效果往往不尽如人意。因此,迫切需要一种新技术解决上述问题。脑靶向肽偶联药物由脑靶向肽、连接基团和有效载荷3部分组成,其利用生物相关的内源性转运机制使生物活性分子透过BBB,并到达脑实质,已成为一种有前景的CNS药物。本文简要介绍了脑靶向肽偶联药物中脑靶向肽、连接基团和有效载荷的种类及特征等,并列举了一些常见的脑靶向肽偶联药物,以及此类药物面临的挑战和改进的方法,以期为后续CNS药物的设计和开发提供新思路。

多肽偶联药物  /  脑靶向肽  /  连接基团  /  有效载荷  /  中枢神经系统  /  血脑屏障

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are a serious threat to human health. However, due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), there is a lack of effective technology to deliver drugs to the brain, which seriously affects the success rate of drug development related to CNS diseases, resulting in treatment results that are often unsatisfactory. Therefore, a new technology is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Brain targeted peptide-drug conjugates, which consist of a brain targeted peptide, a linker, and a payload, have become a promising CNS drug by enabling bioactive molecules to cross the BBB and reach the brain parenchyma by using biologically relevant endogenous transport mechanisms. In this review, the types and characteristics of brain targeting peptides, linkers, and payloads are briefly introduced, and some common brain targeting peptide-drug conjugates are listed, as well as the challenges faced by such drugs and the improvement methods, in order to provide ideas for the design and development of drugs for CNS diseases.

peptide-drug conjugate  /  brain targeting peptide  /  linker  /  payload  /  central nervous system  /  blood-brain barrier
崔娜, 史亚军, 白敏, 王胜正, 丁一. 脑靶向肽偶联药物研究进展. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (9) : 768 -775 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002
Na CUI, Yajun SHI, Min BAI, Shengzheng WANG, Yi DING. Research Progress in Brain Targeting Peptide-Drug Conjugates[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (9) : 768 -775 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002
中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)疾病是世界范围内的主要健康问题之一,尤其是脑卒中、脑癌和神经退行性疾病等。目前,这些疾病还没有行之有效的治疗方法,究其主要原因之一是大多数药物无法充分穿过血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)。因此,克服此生物障碍仍然是开发CNS药物的主要挑战。BBB的基本组成部分是神经血管单元(neurovascular unit,NVU),主要由脑毛细血管内皮细胞和脑星形胶质细胞构成。此外,其他细胞也有助于BBB的形成和维持,包括神经元、少突细胞、小胶质细胞和肥大细胞等[1]。然而,与存在于CNS外的大多数器官中的高渗透性脉管系统不同,BBB表现出高的跨内皮电阻(transendothelial electrical resistance,TEER)以及低的转胞率和细胞旁渗透性。研究表明,这都是由于紧密连接(tight junction,TJ)蛋白复合物构成的膜内颗粒形成的链网络相对有效地堵塞了脑微血管内皮细胞(cerebral microvascular endothelial cell,BMEC)之间的细胞旁通路[2]。该结构虽然阻止了有毒物质或病原体进入CNS,但也显著限制了治疗和诊断药物进入大脑的可能性。此外,BBB内皮细胞中存在的ATP结合盒转运体(ABC转运体)将一些可能穿过BBB的化合物外排回血液,进一步限制了CNS中药物和成像探针的可用性[3]。因此,只有极少数的分子被有效地输送到大脑。
为了克服限制药物输送到大脑的生物屏障,研究者已经尝试开发了多种策略。其中,一种具有前景的给药策略引起了研究者们的广泛关注。该策略是一种非侵入给药方式,以脑靶向肽作为载体,将药物以化学键的方式与脑靶向肽偶联,脑靶向肽可以穿过BBB,将药物带入脑实质,从而达到治疗的目的[4]。其结构与作用机制均与抗体偶联药物(antibody drug conjugates,ADC)相似,具体结构见图1A。但与ADC相比,脑靶向肽偶联药物由于多肽自身的特性而具有相对分子质量更低、易于大规模合成、成本更低、穿透BBB能力更好且低免疫原性等优点[5],见表1。由此可见,脑靶向肽偶联药物在精准治疗上已表现出巨大潜力。本文将对脑靶向多肽偶联药物各结构作简要的介绍,并总结一些常见的脑靶向多肽偶联药物,以及此类药物面临的挑战和改进的方法。
靶向部分在脑靶向肽偶联药物中起着至关重要的作用。首先,它通过对药物的修饰,可以改变药物的理化性质,增加药物的吸收;其次,它可以将药物输送到指定部位,提高选择性,降低毒副作用,增加疗效[6-7]。由此可以看出,脑靶向肽对药物的疗效、药动学和治疗指标都有显著影响。因此,选择一个合适的多肽是至关重要的。理想的脑靶向肽应具有较强的目标结合亲和力、高稳定性、低免疫原性、高效内化和较长的血浆半衰期等特点[8]
通常选择的脑靶向肽为靶向大脑内特定受体的多肽。这类多肽可以通过受体介导的胞吞作用(receptor-mediated transcytosis,RMT)特异性摄取某些大分子,其具体过程如图1B所示。常见的靶向大脑内特定受体的多肽[9-13]表2。据研究,一种针对乳腺癌患者癌细胞脑转移情况的脑靶向肽偶药物ANG4043已经被合成,即angiopep-2多肽偶联曲妥珠单抗。曲妥珠单抗可以靶向人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER2)的胞外结构域,使HER2阳性乳腺癌患者的生存率显著提高[14-15]。但当癌细胞转移到大脑内时,由于其脑渗透能力差,它就缺乏疗效。因此,研究者选择靶向低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1(low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 1,LRP1)的多肽angiopep-2,与曲妥珠单抗偶联。LRP1是低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)受体家族的一员,在BBB毛细血管内皮细胞上高度表达,并已被证明在脑毛细血管内皮细胞中转运多种配体,包括乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin,LF)、载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,ApoE)和β-淀粉样肽等[16]。该多肽偶联药物既保留了对HER2受体的体外结合亲和力和对HER2阳性BT-474乳腺导管癌细胞的抗增殖效力,又增加了脑内皮细胞的吸收。此外,测量颈动脉内递送后的脑暴露水平,发现该多肽偶联物以1.6×10-3 mL·g-1·s-1的脑进入率穿透BBB。最后,在脑内异种移植BT-474细胞的小鼠模型中,表明给予ANG4043治疗后可明显提高生存率。所以,这项研究表明angiopepe-2与抗HER2单抗的结合可以增加脑内皮细胞的吸收以及BBB的通透性。ANG4043的这些特征导致BT-474脑肿瘤暴露水平较高,可以在全身治疗后延长生存期[17]。既往研究表明狂犬病病毒糖肽(RVG)是由狂犬病病毒G蛋白中的29个氨基酸组成的多肽片段。RVG肽为特异性配体,可识别γ-基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,nAchR),促进病毒转运至CNS[18]。因此,RVG肽常常用于修饰药物递送系统,以提高药物脑内递送效率[19]。THR是通过噬菌体展示技术筛选出的12聚体多肽,可通过与转铁蛋白受体(TfR)结合,透过BBB,运输金纳米粒到达CNS[10,20]。这些数据进一步验证了脑靶向多肽药物偶联策略可以作为神经肿瘤学和其他中枢神经神经系统疾病的治疗新方法。
某些细胞穿透肽(cell-penetrating peptides,CPPs)也常作为CNS药物的递送载体。CPPs指一般不超过30个氨基酸的多肽[21]。通常表现出有助于跨细胞膜转运的两亲性和净正电荷特征。它们仅通过与暴露的细胞膜相互作用,便可独立地进入细胞[22],其机制可能为吸附介导的胞吞作用(adsorptive-mediated transcytosis,AMT),具体过程如图1B所示。这是一种非特异性胞吞作用,由某些大分子的带正电部分与含有阴离子肝素蛋白多糖的脑内皮细胞带负电的膜之间的静电相互作用触发[23]。此外,它们由于具有高细胞渗透性和低免疫原性的特点,也表现出不依赖于受体的特征。这也是它们被认为是安全的和高效的原因[24]。但此类多肽往往缺乏一定的选择性。常见的相关细胞穿透肽[25-29]表3。如TAT多肽是来自人类疫缺陷病毒1型(human immunodeficiency virus type-1,HIV-1)的转录激活物TAT蛋白的转导结构域[30]。它可以偶联异源蛋白质或纳米粒等,使其透过BBB[31]。另外,它还可以运送量子点穿过BBB到达脑实质[32]。Liu等[33]在载环丙沙星的纳米胶束表面偶联TAT多肽,结果显示偶联TAT多肽,可以使该胶束穿过BBB,从而增强了人星形胶质细胞对胶束的摄取。SynB1作为一种来自于抗菌肽蛋白1的载体材料,在递送药物透过BBB方面已显示出一定优势。有实验表明SynB1在不影响BBB完整性的情况下,可以显著增强大脑中的吗啡-6-葡糖醛酸酯(morphin-6-glucuronid,M6G)的含量[34]
完美的多肽偶联药物只有在到达指定部位后才会释放药物,而连接基团在这方面显得尤为重要。即一旦多肽偶联药物到达目标后,连接基团被裂解,药物以完全活性状态释放。所以,连接基团在循环时必须稳定,优先在目标部位裂解,从而确保最大剂量药物到达目标。然而,大多数连接基团在全身给药后,从进入血液那一刻开始就被裂解,当到达指定部位后,所剩不多的药物才被细胞吸收。因此,设计多肽偶联药物选择连接基团时,为避免干扰多肽与其受体的结合亲和力及药效,需要考虑到其所在的微环境,如其长度、稳定性、释放机制、官能团、亲水性/疏水性和其他特性[35]。目前,多肽偶联药物的连接基团分为可裂解基团和不可裂解基团(丁二酰硫醚、肟和三唑等)两大类。可裂解基团又分为pH敏感型(缩醛、酮和碳酸酯)、酶敏感型(酯酶、酰胺酶和氨基甲酸酯)、氧化还原敏感型(二硫键)三大类[36]
在多肽偶联药物全身给药后,最不稳定的位点首先被裂解,其次是其他位点,最终成为包括未改性药物、具有部分连接基团的药物和带有连接基团的氨基酸在内的混合物。虽然在靶向治疗药物的开发中,可裂解的连接基团比不可裂解的连接基团更受青睐。但不可裂解基团具有不会因外部刺激(如化学诱导的刺激)而被裂解的优点,因而在循环中具有更高的稳定性,故其可能不会像可裂解基团那样在血液中就被裂解,并在到达目标部位之前在血液中过早释放一些药物[37-38]。因此,脑靶向多肽和药物的具体连接方式,应根据实际需求确定。脑胶质瘤是最常见和最致命的原发性恶性脑肿瘤。由于存在药物溶解性差、缺乏肿瘤选择性、穿过BBB的渗透性差,以及广泛的肿瘤内和肿瘤间异质性等棘手问题,大多数治疗在临床上往往以失败告终[39]。但一种只在CNS中表达的细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)糖蛋白,称为brevican(Bcan),被发现在脑胶质瘤中表现为上调,并与肿瘤侵袭性和侵袭性增加有关[40]。其被称为dg-Bcan的去糖基化亚型仅在人类高级别胶质瘤(包括胶质瘤)组织样本中发现,并在整个肿瘤组织中表达出肿瘤特异性和一致性。这强调了其作为一种新型胶质瘤特异性标记物因而具有开发新的靶向药物的潜力[41]。于是,研究者筛选了1个名为BTP-7靶向肽,该肽在血清中稳定,可以穿过BBB,特异性结合dg-Bcan。于是,就将该多肽与喜树碱(camptothecin,CPT)通过二硫键偶联,得到多肽偶联药物BTP-7-CPT。实验结果表明,该多肽偶联药物在体外对患者源性脑胶质瘤干细胞表现出抑制作用,在人源性脑胶质瘤颅内异种移植(patient-derived tumor xenograft,PDX)小鼠模型中增加了对肿瘤部位的药物输送。而且,与健康脑组织相比,该多肽偶联药物还增强了肿瘤毒性,并延长了动物的生存期。但该化合物仍存在一些不足,虽然天然BTP-7在人血清中稳定超过12 h,但BTP-7-CPT多肽偶联药物在1 h内完全降解,这表明在还未到达肿瘤部位时,血液中的二硫键很可能已经被裂解[42]。因此,需要提高该化合物在血液中的连接基团的稳定性。
脑靶向肽偶联药物中的有效载荷,不只局限于治疗药物,还可以是造影剂。将药物与脑靶向多肽偶联后,可以改变药物的理化性质,如溶解度、选择性和半衰期等,使药物具有选择性,可以提高原本药物的疗效,减少毒副作用,改善溶解度,增加吸收[43]
以治疗脑胶质瘤为例,常用的是传统的化疗药物,如紫杉醇(paclitaxel,PTX)、CPT或多柔比星(doxorubicin,DOX)等。其主要是通过各种机制来阻止癌细胞的有丝分裂或促进细胞凋亡,从而达到治疗目的[44]。这类药物虽然有一定的疗效,但也有一定的缺点,如毒副作用大、溶解度差。选择合适的脑靶向肽偶联就可以解决这些问题。研究者根据该策略设计了PTX偶联双功能肽SynB3和序列为PVGLIG的基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2)敏感肽,用于脑胶质瘤的治疗。实验结果表明,①SynB3-PVGLIG-PTX与MMP-2表现出较强的亲和力,它可以通过聚合形成带正电荷的特殊结构来提高水溶性;②MMP-2裂解后,SynB3-PVGLIG-PTX可控制释放PTX,这表明SynB3-PVGLIG-PTX对胶质瘤细胞具有特异性的细胞毒性;③SynB3-PVGLIG-PTX在体内外均能有效抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。此外,SynB3-PVGLIG-PTX的抑制率显著高于阳性药替莫唑胺(temozolomide,TMZ)和PTX;④联合使用MMP-2敏感的多肽和CPPs(SynB3),既增强了BBB渗透性,又提高了SynB3-PVGLG-PTX的胶质瘤靶向效应,使药物在治疗期间具有低不良反应的高抗肿瘤活性[45]。除此之外,脑靶向肽偶联药物还可以用于向肿瘤细胞传递小干扰RNA(siRNA)。一旦被靶向,siRNA可以抑制翻译和随后的蛋白质合成。这种结合策略,还有助于对抗耐药性[46]
但如果能够使用不同的成像方式对发病部位的结构功能成像,确定病变部位和状态,就可以更加精准地诊断和治疗疾病。例如美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准的首个含放射性核素的多肽偶联药物111 in-DTPA-octreotide(octrescan),用于治疗神经内分泌肿瘤[47]。然而,研究表明奥曲肽(octreotide)扫描对治疗肿瘤的作用有限,因此该药物就主要用于诊断。而大脑的结构和功能更为复杂,如果能对其成像观察病理生理状态,可以达到更好的治疗效果。近年来为了同时解决药物定位、药物释放和药物疗效的相关问题,已经探索了将药物和显像剂组合在分子或纳米级平台上的多成分结构,称为治疗诊断剂。这种方法,有望显著改善治疗效果欠佳的脑部疾病,如体内分子神经成像等。Woods等[48]设计了[(99mTcO4)-CPepH3]复合物,PepH3多肽为脑靶向肽,CPepH3为客体,99mTcO4放射性标记为主体。研究表明,该复合物能够穿过BBB,其脑积累量高于其他用于脑靶向传递的肽。CPepH3结构呈笼状结构,该笼状支架可以使用不同的技术进行正交成像,如为正电子发射断层扫描成像术(positron emission tomography,PET)设计的客体笼和为磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)设计的主体笼等。同样,这些超分子金属基结构的坚固性和模块化组成可以引入靶向部分,如多肽或抗体等。目前,该实验室正在探索实现具有不同功能的异质笼,同时封装抗癌药物在内,如顺铂等。
ANG1005是由1分子angiopep-2多肽和3分子的PTX通过可裂解的琥珀酰酯偶联而成的,angiopep-2以LRP-1为靶点,使其穿过血-脑脊液屏障(blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier,BCB)和BBB,进入肿瘤细胞,在肿瘤细胞中裂解出PTX以发挥其抗肿瘤活性。原位脑灌注实验显示,ANG1005进入大脑的量比PTX更大,并且可以绕过BBB上的P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)。体外实验证明ANG1005对人类癌细胞株的抗肿瘤效力与PTX相似;体内实验证明ANG1005对人肿瘤异种移植的抑制作用比PTX更有效,可显著提高脑内植入U87 MG胶质母细胞瘤细胞或NCI-H460肺癌细胞的小鼠的存活率[49]。在Ⅰ期研究中,单次静脉注射该多肽偶联药物,在3~6 h后切除的复发性胶质瘤中可以检测到治疗浓度的ANG1005,这为其通过BBB转运和肿瘤渗透提供了有力证据[50]。在复发性乳腺癌脑转移(brain metastases from breast cancer,BCBM)、伴或不伴有软脑膜癌症(leptomeningeal carcinomatosis subset,LMC)的Ⅱ期临床研究中,ANG1005每3周静脉注射600 mg·m-2, 77%颅内和86%颅外患者获益,主要表现为病情稳定或更好;在软脑膜癌症中,79%的患者颅内疾病得到控制,估计中位总生存期为8.0个月(95%置信区间,5.4~9.4个月)[51]。一项注册号为NCT03613181的Ⅲ期临床试验正在进行中,目的是观察与医生选择的最佳药物相比,ANG1005是否可以延长新近诊断为LMC并曾治疗过脑转移的HER2阴性乳腺癌患者的生存期。
帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是一种常见的进行性神经退行性疾病,但治疗效果并不完全令人满意。目前PD治疗的主要难点之一是药物BBB渗透性较差。研究者设计选用细胞穿透肽TP10作为药物载体,采用“click”反应,偶联多巴胺(dopamine,DA)。实验结果表明,该多肽偶联药物具有比DA更好的药动学和药效学性能。它可穿过BBB,进入脑组织,对儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶的O-甲基化反应的敏感性较低,甚至低于DA,对多巴胺1型受体(dopamine receptor1,D1)和多巴胺2型受体(dopamine receptor 2,D2)受体的亲和力较高,如在D1受体的情况下,远高于DA。在药物诱导的PD临床前动物模型中,与左旋多巴(L-DOPA)相比,抗帕金森活性更明显[52]。因此,治疗PD的药物与CPPs的结合可能会成为一种治疗PD的新策略。
M6G在脑内注射后的镇痛效果比吗啡高50倍。然而,M6G的脑穿透性明显低于吗啡,从而影响了其疗效。因此,设计了An2-M6G多肽偶联药物,即1分子angiopep-2多肽通过二硫键偶联3分子的M6G。实验证明,静脉注射或皮下注射An2-M6G多肽偶联药物,与M6G或吗啡单体相比,An2-M6G增加了BBB通透性,其比同等剂量的吗啡或M6G具有更大、更持久的镇痛活性,且An2-M6G表现出减少便秘副作用的优点[53]。这些结果表明使用脑靶向多肽载体作为一种新型的透过BBB的技术,可应用于CNS疾病的治疗。
尽管脑靶向肽偶联药物有很多优点,但仍存在一些局限性。由于其相对分子质量较生物大分子低,稳定性较差,肾脏可快速清除,半衰期和循环周期较短,可能导致药物疗效有限[54]。此外,因为胃肠道有多种酶类,会使多肽在胃肠道内降解,故此类药物不适合口服给药,常用的给药方式是静脉注射,致使患者依从性差。目前,研究者也通过不同的技术来克服这些挑战。
目前,研究者常采用环化肽(头尾环化、二硫键环化等)、拟肽、订书肽、bicycle策略和用D-氨基酸代替L-氨基酸等,增强多肽的稳定性,以此来延长半衰期。RAP12肽来源于受体相关蛋白(receptor associated protein,RAP)的微型化,与LRP-1具有结合亲和力。然而,当其脱离稳定蛋白环境时,RAP12表现出弱的α-螺旋片段。考虑到α-螺旋结构是该肽中介导配体-受体相互作用的常见结构基序,研究者利用肽吻合器技术合成了订书肽stapled RAP12(ST-RAP12)。经验证,与RAP12相比,优化后的ST-RAP12具有更高的α-螺旋含量、与LRP-1的结合亲和力和血清稳定性。此外,ST-RAP12表现出对bEnd.3细胞、U87胶质瘤细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVEC)内化增强。而且,ST-RAP12在体外穿透BBB和血脑肿瘤屏障(blood-brain tumor barrier,BBTB)的能力也增强了。进一步应用ST-RAP12肽修饰高分子材料,构建ST-RAP12胶束。实验结果表明,该胶束在体内外可以有效穿透BBB/BBTB并靶向胶质瘤。此外,ST-RAP12胶束能有效地向胶质瘤传递PTX,延长胶质瘤荷瘤小鼠的生存时间,抑制肿瘤血管生成,诱导胶质瘤细胞凋亡,具有明显的抗胶质瘤作用[55]。处于临床试验阶段的BT1718,是由双环肽通过可裂解的二硫键与美登素(mertansine,DM1)偶联得到的。双环肽可以特异性结合膜型1基质金属蛋白酶(MT1-MMP),MT1-MMP在乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、结肠癌等恶性肿瘤中过表达。与ADC相比,BT1718相对分子质量低,分布良好,可快速穿透并“杀死”肿瘤细胞,对晚期实体瘤有治疗作用[56]。已有大量研究表明angiopep-2修饰的纳米载体显著增加了脑分布。Wei等[57]构建了angiopep-2的反向异构体,命名为Dangiopep-2,建立了脑靶向药物输送系统。虽然在体外试验中,Dangiopep-2被大脑毛细血管内皮细胞摄取的效率比Langiopep-2低,但它表现出了增强的稳定性,并且修饰后的胶束比Langiopep-2修饰后的胶束在正常的大脑和颅内胶质母细胞瘤细胞中具有更高的分布。
多肽的电荷也与药物清除率有关。带负电荷的多肽序列比带正电荷的有更长的半衰期,这是因为肾小球内膜上阴离子电荷的存在限制了尿液中阴离子化合物的过滤。此外,还可通过增加多肽的大小和血浆蛋白结合,以防止结合物通过肾脏被过滤出来[58]。有一种策略是将聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)与脑靶向肽药物偶联,可以延长半衰期。PEG的固有性质使其成为改性的理想候选材料:便宜、亲水、生物相容性和非免疫原性。它是最广泛使用的非天然聚合物之一,用于增加肽的溶解度、降低免疫反应和提高肽的生物利用度。PEG聚合物分子中的每个氧原子都能结合2~3个水分子,这样会大大增加附着在其上的化合物的质量和溶解度[59]。FDA也批准了多种聚乙二醇化蛋白质,如PEG-牛腺苷脱氨酶和PEG-α-干扰素等[60]。但相对分子质量为3×104及以上的聚乙二醇化的多肽会导致其在各种器官中的空泡化,如肾脏、肝脏、脾脏和骨髓等[61]。因此,PEG天然替代品被开发出来。最突出的替代品是PASylation和XTEN。XTEN是由丙氨酸(A)、谷氨酸(E)、甘氨酸(G)、脯氨酸(P)、丝氨酸(S)和苏氨酸(T)这6种化学稳定氨基酸的非重复随机片段组成的遗传融合多肽。这些氨基酸的选择是基于避免可能影响蛋白质溶解度、活性和稳定性原则。艾塞那肽与XTEN偶联可显著改善肽的药动学,将其在大鼠、小鼠或猴子体内的半衰期分别延长65、71或125倍[62]。PASylation化是指脯氨酸(P)、丙氨酸(A)和丝氨酸(S)的聚合物。由这些氨基酸组成的聚合物被认为对肽的水力动态体积与PEG有类似的影响,并且是可生物降解的,已经成功应用于超过10种第一代生物制剂,包括人类生长激素、瘦素、促红细胞生成素、艾塞那肽、尿酸酶和凝血因子等[63-64]
胃肠道的生理机能阻碍了大多数口服蛋白质制剂的临床转化。胃中含有刺激性的酸和酶,为了确保药物发挥作用,必须保护其和传递载体不受影响。有一些方法可以提高多肽类药物的口服生物利用度,如使用耐酸涂层、肠道酶抑制剂、黏液穿透肽和渗透增强剂等[65]。Lamson等[66]研究发现小于100 nm的阴离子纳米颗粒可以充当物理化学渗透增强剂,促进蛋白质的口服输送。需要注意的是,这里描述的纳米颗粒不是通过作为运输载体移动穿过肠上皮,而是通过结合肠表面的受体介导紧密连接的开放,即纳米颗粒通过结合整合素和激活肌球蛋白轻链激酶(myosin-light-chain kinase,MLCK)增加肠道通透性,且这种作用是可逆的,不会导致肠组织坏死或炎症。此外,使用酸稳定涂层,是通过在表面涂上pH敏感的肠道聚合物来实现的,这种聚合物只有在肠道达到中性pH值时才会溶解,导致涂层破裂和包裹物释放[67]
由于BBB的存在,发现和开发新的治疗各种CNS疾病有效药物是非常具有挑战性的。脑靶向肽偶联药物作为一种非侵入性药物输送系统,可以透过BBB,将药物带入脑实质。与ADC相比,低相对分子质量的脑靶向肽偶联药物可能具有高渗透性、高效的细胞运输、低免疫原性,以及更容易合成和纯化。这使得它成为继ADC后,靶向给药领域又一研究热点。影响脑靶向肽偶联药物成为治疗CNS疾病有效药物的因素有:①药物运送到大脑的效率;②脑内药物的分布情况;③有效药物的释放和脑内的蓄积量;④与药物释放和体内稳定性有关的连接基团的选择;⑤受体饱和性等。因此,脑靶向肽偶联药物各部分的选择和设计尤为重要。
但由于多肽的特性,也使其应用受到一定的限制。目前,研究者也发明了许多新技术,用来克服这些缺点,如对其结构修饰、与生物大分子偶联和剂型修饰等。随着相关技术的发展,如来自噬菌体、酵母展示、嗜神经病毒和干细胞的肽库的新型筛选平台以及基于特定靶点的计算机模拟设计,研究者将开发出更好的BBB选择性、更高的转运能力、更强的代谢稳定性的脑靶向肽。相信在未来脑靶向肽偶联药物输送系统可以取得实质性进展,在CNS疾病治疗中发挥其独特优势。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(82274313)
  • 陕西省重点研发计划项目资助(2023GHZD43)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
LOCHHEAD J J, YANG J, RONALDSON P T, et al. Structure, function, and regulation of the blood-brain barrier tight junction in central nervous system disorders[J]. Front Physiol, 2020, 11:914. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2020.00914.
[2]
FURTADO D, BJÖRNMALM M, AYTON S, et al. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier: the role of nanomaterials in treating neurological diseases[J]. Adv Mater, 2018, 30(46):1801362. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801362.
[3]
MARTINELLI C, PUCCI C, BATTAGLINI M, et al. Antioxidants and nanotechnology: promises and limits of potentially disruptive approaches in the treatment of central nervous system diseases[J]. Adv Healthc Mater, 2020, 9(3):1901589. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901589.
[4]
JAFARI B, POURSEIF M M, BARAR J, et al. Peptide-mediated drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier for targeting brain tumors[J]. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2019, 16(6):583-605.
[5]
WANG L, CHEN H, WANG F, et al. The development of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) strategies for paclitaxel[J]. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2022, 19(2):147-161.
[6]
MA L, WANG C, HE Z, et al. Peptide-drug conjugate: a novel drug design approach[J]. Curr Med Chem, 2017, 24(31):3373-3396.
[7]
CHENG H, XIAN J C, HONG Y L, et al. Research rogress of rotein harmaceutical xcipients[J]. Chin Pham J(中国药学杂志), 2023, 58(3):205-212.
[8]
FU C, YU L, MIAO Y, et al. Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs):a novel trend of research and development on targeted therapy, hype or hope?[J]. Acta Pharm Sin B(药学学报英文), 2023, 13(2):498-516.
[9]
HABIB S, SINGH M. Angiopep-2-modified nanoparticles for brain-directed delivery of therapeutics: a review[J]. Polymers, 2022, 14(4):712. DOI: 10.3390/polym14040712.
[10]
LEE J H, ENGLER J A, COLLAWN J F, et al. Receptor mediated uptake of peptides that bind the human transferrin receptor[J]. Eur J Biochem, 2001, 268(7):2004-2012.
[11]
HUA H, ZHANG X, MU H, et al. RVG29-modified docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles for brain-targeted glioma therapy[J]. Int J Pharm, 2018, 543(1/2):179-189.
[12]
HAN Z, SHANG W, LIANG X, et al. An innovation for treating orthotopic pancreatic cancer by preoperative screening and imaging-guided surgery[J]. Mol Imaging Biol, 2019, 21:67-77. DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1209-8.
[13]
MORITO T, HARADA R, IWATA R, et al. Synthesis and pharmacokinetic characterisation of a fluorine-18 labelled brain shuttle peptide fusion dimeric affibody[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1):2588. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82037-2.
[14]
SLAMON D J, LEYLAND-JONES B, SHAK S, et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2[J]. N Engl J Med, 2001, 344(11):783-792.
[15]
WANG L, YU C F, YANG Y L, et al. Biological effects of trastuzumab and T-DM1 on different breast cancer lines[J]. Chin Pham J(中国药学杂志), 2016, 51(13):1096-1100.
[16]
DE BOER A G, GAILLARD P J. Strategies to improve drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier[J]. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2007, 46(7):553-576.
[17]
REGINA A, DEMEULE M, TRIPATHY S, et al. ANG4043, a novel brain-penetrant peptide-mab conjugate, is efficacious against her2-positive intracranial tumors in micepeptide-mab conjugate crosses the blood-brain barrier[J]. Mol Cancer Ther, 2015, 14(1):129-140.
[18]
PARK T E, SINGH B, LI H, et al. Enhanced BBB permeability of osmotically active poly (mannitol-co-PEI) modified with rabies virus glycoprotein via selective stimulation of caveolar endocytosis for RNAi therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease[J]. Biomaterials, 2015, 38:61-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.068.
[19]
XIN X, LIU W, ZHANG Z A, et al. Efficient anti-glioma therapy through the brain-targeted RVG15-modified liposomes loading paclitaxel-cholesterol complex[J]. Int J Nanomed, 2021, 16:5755. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S318266.
[20]
DÍAZ-PERLAS C, OLLER-SALVIA B, SÁNCHEZ-NAVARRO M, et al. Branched BBB-shuttle peptides: chemoselective modification of proteins to enhance blood-brain barrier transport[J]. Chem Sci, 2018, 9(44):8409-8415.
[21]
DERAKHSHANKHAH H, JAFARI S. Cell penetrating peptides: a concise review with emphasis on biomedical applications[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018, 108:1090-1096. DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.097.
[22]
DESALE K, KUCHE K, JAIN S. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs):an overview of applications for improving the potential of nanotherapeutics[J]. Biomater Sci, 2021, 9(4):1153-1188.
[23]
HERVÉ F, GHINEA N, SCHERRMANN J M. CNS delivery via adsorptive transcytosis[J]. AAPS J, 2008, 10:455-472. DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9055-2.
[24]
SILVA S, ALMEIDA A J, VALE N. Combination of cell-penetrating peptides with nanoparticles for therapeutic application: a review[J]. Biomolecules, 2019, 9(1):22. DOI: 10.3390/biom9010022.
[25]
FRØSLEV P, FRANZYK H, OZGÜR B, et al. Highly cationic cell-penetrating peptides affect the barrier integrity and facilitates mannitol permeation in a human stem cell-based blood-brain barrier model[J]. Eur J Pharm Sci, 2022, 168:106054. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106054.
[26]
LIU Y, RAN R, CHEN J, et al. Paclitaxel loaded liposomes decorated with a multifunctional tandem peptide for glioma targeting[J]. Biomaterials, 2014, 35(17):4835-4847.
[27]
PARRASIA S, SZABò I, ZORATTI M, et al. Peptides as pharmacological carriers to the brain: promises, shortcomings and challenges[J]. Mol Pharm, 2022, 19(11):3700-3729.
[28]
BARANYAI Z, BIRI-KOVÁCS B, KRATKY M, et al. Cellular internalization and inhibition capacity of new anti-glioma peptide conjugates: physicochemical characterization and evaluation on various monolayer-and 3d-spheroid-based in vitro platforms[J]. J Med Chem, 2021, 64(6):2982-3005.
[29]
LIU H, ZHANG W, MA L, et al. The improved blood-brain barrier permeability of endomorphin-1 using the cell-penetrating peptide synB3 with three different linkages[J]. Int J Pharm, 2014, 476(1/2):1-8.
[30]
FAWELL S, SEERY J, DAIKH Y, et al. Tat-mediated delivery of heterologous proteins into cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 1994, 91(2):664-668.
[31]
QIN Y, CHEN H, YUAN W, et al. Liposome formulated with TAT-modified cholesterol for enhancing the brain delivery[J]. Int J Pharm, 2011, 419(1/2):85-95.
[32]
SANTRA S, YANG H, STANLEY J T, et al. Rapid and effective labeling of brain tissue using TAT-conjugated CdS∶ Mn/ZnS quantum dots[J]. Chem Commun, 2005, (25):3144-3146.
[33]
LIU L, VENKATRAMAN S S, YANG Y Y, et al. Polymeric micelles anchored with TAT for delivery of antibiotics across the blood-brain barrier[J]. Pept Sci, 2008, 90(5):617-623.
[34]
TEMSAMANI J, BONNAFOUS C, ROUSSELLE C, et al. Improved brain uptake and pharmacological activity profile of morphine-6-glucuronide using a peptide vector-mediated strategy[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2005, 313(2):712-719.
[35]
LIANG Y, LI S, WANG X, et al. A comparative study of the antitumor efficacy of peptide-doxorubicin conjugates with different linkers[J]. J Controlled Release, 2018, 275:129-141. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.033.
[36]
ALAS M, SAGHAEIDEHKORDI A, KAUR K. Peptide-drug conjugates with different linkers for cancer therapy[J]. J Med Chem, 2020, 64(1):216-232.
[37]
DÓKUS L E, LAJKÓ E, RANDELOVIC' I, et al. Phage display-based homing peptide-daunomycin conjugates for selective drug targeting to PANC-1 pancreatic cancer[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2020, 12(6):576. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060576.
[38]
ZHENG B Y, YANG X Q, ZHAO Y, et al. Synthesis and photodynamic activities of integrin-targeting silicon (IV) phthalocyanine-cRGD conjugates[J]. Eur J Med Chem, 2018, 155:24-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.039.
[39]
GALA U H, MILLER D A, WILLIAMS Ⅲ R O. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs through amorphous solid dispersions[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer, 2020, 1873(1):188319. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188319.
[40]
GIAMANCO K A, MATTHEWS R T. The role of BEHAB/Brevican in the tumor microenvironment: mediating glioma cell invasion and motility[J]. Tumor Microenviron Extracell Matrix Compon Part B, 2020:117-132. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_7.
[41]
VON SPRECKELSEN N, FADZEN C M, HARTRAMPF N, et al. Targeting glioblastoma using a novel peptide specific to a deglycosylated isoform of brevican[J]. Adv Ther, 2021, 4(4):2000244. DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000244.
[42]
CHO C F, FARQUHAR C E, FADZEN C M, et al. A tumor-homing peptide platform enhances drug solubility, improves blood-brain barrier permeability and targets glioblastoma[J]. Cancers, 2022, 14(9):2207. DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092207.
[43]
HEH E, ALLEN J, RAMIREZ F, et al. Peptide drug conjugates and their role in cancer therapy[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(1):829. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010829.
[44]
BAILLY C, THURU X, QUESNEL B. Combined cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy of cancer: modern times[J]. NAR Cancer, 2020, 2(1):zcaa002. DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa002.
[45]
HUA D, TANG L, WANG W, et al. Improved antiglioblastoma activity and BBB permeability by conjugation of paclitaxel to a cell-penetrative MMP-2-cleavable peptide[J]. Adv Sci, 2021, 8(3):2001960. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001960.
[46]
KHAN M M, FILIPCZAK N, TORCHILIN V P. Cell penetrating peptides: a versatile vector for co-delivery of drug and genes in cancer[J]. J Controlled Release, 2021, 330:1220-1228. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.028.
[47]
ZHU Y S, TANG K, J. Peptide-drug conjugate-based novel molecular drug delivery system in cancer[J]. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2021, 42(10):857-869.
[48]
WOODS B, SILVA R B D, SCHMIDT C, et al. Bioconjugate supramolecular Pd2+ metallacages penetrate the blood brain barrier in vitro and in vivo[J]. Bioconjug Chem, 2021, 32(7):1399-1408.
[49]
REGINA A, DEMEULE M, CHE C, et al. Antitumour activity of ANG1005, a conjugate between paclitaxel and the new brain delivery vector Angiopep-2[J]. Br J Pharmacol, 2008, 155(2):185-197.
[50]
DRAPPATZ J, BRENNER A, WONG E T, et al. Phase I study of GRN1005 in recurrent malignant GliomaGRN1005 for recurrent glioma[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2013, 19(6):1567-1576.
[51]
KUMTHEKAR P, TANG S C, BRENNER A J, et al. ANG1005, a brain-penetrating peptide-drug conjugate, shows activity in patients with breast cancer with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and recurrent brain MetastasesANG1005 for leptomeningeal and CNS metastases[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2020, 26(12):2789-2799.
[52]
RUSIECKA I, RUCZYNHSKI J, KOZŁOWSKA A, et al. TP10-dopamine conjugate as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of Parkinson's disease[J]. Bioconjug Chem, 2019, 30(3):760-774.
[53]
EISELT E, OTIS V, BELLEVILLE K, et al. Use of a noninvasive brain-penetrating peptide-drug conjugate strategy to improve the delivery of opioid pain relief medications to the brain[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2020, 374(1):52-61.
[54]
CHEN M, SUN P, SU J, et al. Research progress in new drug delivery systems for proteins and polypeptides[J]. Chin Pham J(中国药学杂志), 2022, 57(15):1232-1240.
[55]
RUAN H, YAO S, WANG S, et al. Stapled RAP12 peptide ligand of LRP1 for micelles-based multifunctional glioma-targeted drug delivery[J]. Chem Eng J, 2021, 403:126296. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126296.
[56]
COOK N, BANERJI U, EVANS J, et al. Pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment of BT1718: a phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ a study of BT1718, a first in class bicycle toxin conjugate (BTC), in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumours[J]. Ann Oncol, 2019, 30:174. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz244.026.
[57]
WEI X, ZHAN C, CHEN X, et al. Retro-inverso isomer of angiopep-2: a stable d-peptide ligand inspires brain-targeted drug delivery[J]. Mol Pharm, 2014, 11(10):3261-3268.
[58]
WU H, HUANG J. Optimization of protein and peptide drugs based on the mechanisms of kidney clearance[J]. Protein Pept Lett, 2018, 25(6):514-521.
[59]
ERAK M, BELLMANN-SICKERT K, ELS-HEINDL S, et al. Peptide chemistry toolbox-transforming natural peptides into peptide therapeutics[J]. Bioorg Med Chem, 2018, 26(10):2759-2765.
[60]
MUTTENTHALER M, KING G F, ADAMS D J, et al. Trends in peptide drug discovery[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2021, 20(4):309-325.
[61]
AGHAABDOLLAHIAN S, AHANGARI COHAN R, NOROUZIAN D, et al. Enhancing bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties of a nano-sized, anti-VEGFR2 adnectin, through PASylation technology[J]. Sci Rep, 2019, 9(1):2978. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39776-0.
[62]
RONDON A, MAHRI S, MORALES-YANEZ F, et al. Protein engineering strategies for improved pharmacokinetics[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2021, 31(44):2101633. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101633.
[63]
BINDER U, SKERRA A. PASylation®: a versatile technology to extend drug delivery[J]. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci, 2017, 31:10-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.06.004.
[64]
KHODABAKHSH F, SALIMIAN M, HEDAYATI M H, et al. Challenges and advancements in the pharmacokinetic enhancement of therapeutic proteins[J]. Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2021, 51(6):519-529.
[65]
DRUCKER D J. Advances in oral peptide therapeutics[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2020, 19(4):277-289.
[66]
LAMSON N G, BERGER A, FEIN K C, et al. Anionic nanoparticles enable the oral delivery of proteins by enhancing intestinal permeability[J]. Nat Biomed Eng, 2020, 4(1):84-96.
[67]
VASS P, DÉMUTH B, HIRSCH E, et al. Drying technology strategies for colon-targeted oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals[J]. J Controlled Release, 2019, 296:162-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.023.
2024年第59卷第9期
PDF下载
165
77
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002
  • 接收时间:2023-02-28
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-05-08
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-28
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(82274313)
陕西省重点研发计划项目资助(2023GHZD43)
作者信息
    1 陕西中医药大学药学院, 陕西 咸阳 712046
    2 空军军医大学第一附属医院药剂科, 西安 710032
    3 空军军医大学药学系药物化学与药物分析学教研室, 西安 710032

通讯作者:

*史亚军,男,博士,副教授 研究方向:中药新剂型 Tel: (029)38183689;
丁一,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:中药药理 Tel:(029)84775471
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/10.11669/cpj.2024.09.002
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏