Article(id=1200147769269777327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)09-0845-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.09.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1687104000000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764067125861, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1715097600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764067125861, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764067125861, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067125861, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200147768326062257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='9', pageStart='757', pageEnd='856', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764067125636, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067301065, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200148504178950495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200148504178950496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=845, endPage=851, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200147769554990001, articleId=1200147769269777327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Identifying Adverse Events of Ofatumumab and Rituximab in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Based on the FAERS Database, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To investigate adverse event signals associated with ofatumumab and rituximab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis(MS), provide more evidences for the clinical safe medication based on the U.S. food and drug administration's adverse event reporting system(FAERS) data. METHODS Postmarking adverse event reports of ofatumumab and rituximab were extracted to form an analysis dataset. Disproportionality analysis combined with bayesian confidence propagation neural nework (BCPNN) was conducted for adverse event signal monitoring. Adverse events meeting threshold conditions were selected and summarized for analysis. RESULTS The ofatumumab group collected a total of 72 310 adverse event reports, of which 325 showed positive signals, covering 24 system organ classes (SOCs), involving “infections and infestations” “nervous system disorders” and “musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders”. The rituximab group collected 23 203 adverse event reports, with 311 showing positive signals, covering 25 SOC, involving “injury, poisoning and procedural complications” “infections and infestations” and “nervous system disorders”. Except for “gastrointestinal disorders” and “eye disorders”, both drugs exhibited significant differences in each SOC. CONCLUSION There are substantial differences in the risk of adverse events between ofatumumab and rituximab in the treatment of MS. Therefore, medication monitoring is required during the treatment. Due to the limitations of real-world studies for quantitative analysis, the above conclusions need to be validated through large-scale cohort studies.

, correspAuthors=Ranran DUAN, Jian KANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying LI, Mingyuan GUAN, Ranran DUAN, Jian KANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200147770695840701, articleId=1200147769269777327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于FAERS数据库对奥法妥木单抗及利妥昔单抗治疗多发性硬化的不良事件分析, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 基于美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统数据库挖掘奥法妥木单抗及利妥昔单抗治疗多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)时的不良事件信号,以期为这2种药物临床安全应用提供更多参考。方法 提取奥法妥木单抗与利妥昔单抗上市后的不良事件报告形成分析数据集,采用比例失衡法结合贝叶斯法进行不良事件信号监测,筛选出满足阈值条件的不良事件并进行总结分析。结果 奥法妥木单抗组采集到不良事件报告72 310条,有325个阳性信号,涵盖24个系统器官分类(system organ class,SOC),主要涉及“全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应”“各类神经系统疾病”“各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病”;利妥昔单抗组采集到不良事件报告23 203条,有311个阳性信号,涵盖25个SOC,主要涉及“各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症”“感染及侵染类疾病”“各类神经系统疾病”。除“胃肠系统疾病”及“眼器官疾病”外,这2种药物每个SOC级别内不良事件的分布均有显著差异。结论 奥法妥木单抗与利妥昔单抗在治疗MS时的不良事件发生风险有较大差异,临床应用时应注意用药监测。由于基于真实世界的研究难以进行定量分析,以上结论还需大样本的队列研究进行验证。

, correspAuthors=段冉冉, 康建, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*段冉冉,女,博士,主治医师 研究方向:脱髓鞘疾病研究;
康建,男,博士,主任药师 研究方向:药事管理 Tel:(0371)66913047
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李莹,女,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药学

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李莹,女,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药学

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李莹,女,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药学

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首选语抽取方法为分别抽取奥法妥木单抗组与利妥昔单抗组中IC025信号的前15位,其中NULL代表空值;COVID-19-新型冠状病毒感染;JC多瘤病毒-John Cunningham病毒;SARS-CoV-2-严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2;A-感染及侵染类疾病;B-各类检查;C-各类神经系统疾病。

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项目与亚类 奥法妥木单抗/例 利妥昔单抗/例
总报告例数 9 943 2 716
性别
7 3261) 1 533
2 216 542
年龄/岁
0~17 12 12
18~40 1 845 471
41~64 3 228 871
大于65 252 100
缺失值 4 606 1 262
结局
LT 52 791)
HO 701 6611)
DS 65 48
CA 3 5
RI 1 5
OT 1 8711) 1 390
DE 65 1531)
适应证种类
多发性硬化 6 006 2 0111)
复发缓解型多发性硬化 1 807 5121)
继发进展型多发性硬化 8551) 75
原发进展型多发性硬化 11 1141)
复发性多发性硬化 1 9771) 43
临床孤立综合征 849 0
报告国家
美国 8 159 1 453
澳大利亚 109 22
加拿大 103 425
英国 92 21
德国 85 90
), ArticleFig(id=1200147774370050141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769269777327, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

奥法妥木单抗与利妥昔单抗不良事件报告病例信息表

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项目与亚类 奥法妥木单抗/例 利妥昔单抗/例
总报告例数 9 943 2 716
性别
7 3261) 1 533
2 216 542
年龄/岁
0~17 12 12
18~40 1 845 471
41~64 3 228 871
大于65 252 100
缺失值 4 606 1 262
结局
LT 52 791)
HO 701 6611)
DS 65 48
CA 3 5
RI 1 5
OT 1 8711) 1 390
DE 65 1531)
适应证种类
多发性硬化 6 006 2 0111)
复发缓解型多发性硬化 1 807 5121)
继发进展型多发性硬化 8551) 75
原发进展型多发性硬化 11 1141)
复发性多发性硬化 1 9771) 43
临床孤立综合征 849 0
报告国家
美国 8 159 1 453
澳大利亚 109 22
加拿大 103 425
英国 92 21
德国 85 90
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系统器官分类 奥法妥木单抗 利妥昔单抗 组间比较
风险比
报告例数/例 信号显著例数/例 报告例数/例 信号显著例数/例
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 24 5101) 21 354 2 929 504 3.552)
各类神经系统疾病 13 3491) 11 513 2 929 1 702 1.572)
各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病 5 8091) 3 840 1 089 246 1.772)
各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症 4 944 2 064 4 2591) 3 821 0.332)
感染及侵染类疾病 4 640 2 777 3 0041) 2 024 0.462)
胃肠系统疾病 3 830 161 1 180 230 1.04
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 2 709 1 316 1 1421) 387 0.752)
精神病类 2 4961) 565 502 57 1.622)
皮肤及皮下组织类疾病 2 259 384 9811) 151 0.732)
各类检查 1 890 516 1 6351) 859 0.352)
产品问题 1 2481) 1 122 6 0 67.92)
眼器官疾病 1 209 798 385 238 1.01
血管与淋巴管类疾病 574 204 4581) 145 0.42)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 512 167 2531) 76 0.652)
代谢及营养类疾病 450 0 2401) 79 0.62)
耳及迷路类疾病 410 214 1651) 86 0.82)
免疫系统疾病 354 60 6031) 472 0.182)
心脏器官疾病 291 15 2441) 71 0.382)
生殖系统及乳腺疾病 200 56 1281) 83 0.52)
良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊状和息肉状) 181 25 3921) 172 0.152)
血液及淋巴系统疾病 160 34 3001) 78 0.172)
肝胆系统疾病 109 33 571) 7 0.612)
妊娠期、产褥期及围产期状况 56 23 1221) 81 0.152)
内分泌系统疾病 50 5 351) 6 0.462)
各种手术及医疗操作 39 0 1081) 49 0.122)
社会环境 22 0 491) 7 0.142)
各种先天性家族性遗传性疾病 9 3 81) 0 0.362)
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奥法妥木单抗与利妥昔单抗系统分类级别不良事件上报情况

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系统器官分类 奥法妥木单抗 利妥昔单抗 组间比较
风险比
报告例数/例 信号显著例数/例 报告例数/例 信号显著例数/例
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 24 5101) 21 354 2 929 504 3.552)
各类神经系统疾病 13 3491) 11 513 2 929 1 702 1.572)
各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病 5 8091) 3 840 1 089 246 1.772)
各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症 4 944 2 064 4 2591) 3 821 0.332)
感染及侵染类疾病 4 640 2 777 3 0041) 2 024 0.462)
胃肠系统疾病 3 830 161 1 180 230 1.04
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 2 709 1 316 1 1421) 387 0.752)
精神病类 2 4961) 565 502 57 1.622)
皮肤及皮下组织类疾病 2 259 384 9811) 151 0.732)
各类检查 1 890 516 1 6351) 859 0.352)
产品问题 1 2481) 1 122 6 0 67.92)
眼器官疾病 1 209 798 385 238 1.01
血管与淋巴管类疾病 574 204 4581) 145 0.42)
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病 512 167 2531) 76 0.652)
代谢及营养类疾病 450 0 2401) 79 0.62)
耳及迷路类疾病 410 214 1651) 86 0.82)
免疫系统疾病 354 60 6031) 472 0.182)
心脏器官疾病 291 15 2441) 71 0.382)
生殖系统及乳腺疾病 200 56 1281) 83 0.52)
良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊状和息肉状) 181 25 3921) 172 0.152)
血液及淋巴系统疾病 160 34 3001) 78 0.172)
肝胆系统疾病 109 33 571) 7 0.612)
妊娠期、产褥期及围产期状况 56 23 1221) 81 0.152)
内分泌系统疾病 50 5 351) 6 0.462)
各种手术及医疗操作 39 0 1081) 49 0.122)
社会环境 22 0 491) 7 0.142)
各种先天性家族性遗传性疾病 9 3 81) 0 0.362)
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奥法妥木单抗组 利妥昔单抗组
系统器官分类 首选语 例数 ROR IC025 PS% 系统器官分类 首选语 例数 ROR IC025 PS%
全身性疾病及给药 疲劳 3 850 4.07 1.91 56.36 各类神经系统疾病 平衡疾病 89 2.32 0.85 24.72
部位各种反应 寒战 2 842 27.34 4.62 60.17 偏头痛 86 2.55 0.98 16.28
疼痛 2 632 2.82 1.39 57.07 视神经炎 79 30.93 4.32 15.19
发热 2 610 5.86 2.44 58.20 肌肉痉挛状态 66 9.95 2.81 16.67
流感样疾病 2 090 38.26 5.09 60.29 构音不良 65 4.19 1.62 15.38
乏力 1 063 2.81 1.37 54.28 烧灼感 64 2.87 1.08 20.31
感受异常 1 012 5.52 2.34 54.15 感染及侵染类疾病 COVID-19 316 7.11 2.61 56.33
步态障碍 879 4.08 1.90 54.84 尿路感染 289 3.86 1.73 29.07
注射部位痛 819 7.27 2.72 51.40 脓毒症 177 3.15 1.39 23.16
注射部位青肿 392 12.16 3.40 55.87 蜂窝织炎 82 3.10 1.25 18.29
药效不及预期 382 44.12 5.17 55.50 疑似 COVID-19 55 44.69 4.55 29.09
各类神经系统疾病 头痛 3 489 5.74 2.40 59.59 脓肿 55 8.08 2.47 10.91
感觉减退 963 5.69 2.38 53.48 呼吸道感染 60 5.00 1.84 13.33
头晕 916 2.14 0.98 53.60 进行性多灶性脑白质病 54 16.93 3.43 61.11
震颤 560 4.17 1.90 53.21 各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症 超说明书使用 2 454 10.35 3.16 47.03
平衡疾病 553 4.91 2.14 48.10 故意导致的产品使用问题 662 14.68 3.69 58.16
异常感觉 460 3.49 1.64 55.65 产品用于未经批准的适应证 393 5.65 2.30 35.37
记忆受损 423 3.05 1.44 49.41 输液相关反应 101 2.29 0.85 58.42
偏头痛 406 3.66 1.69 51.72 呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 咽喉刺激 153 10.95 3.13 43.14
各种肌肉骨骼及结 肢体疼痛 791 2.44 1.15 51.58 口咽疼痛 126 3.53 1.50 23.81
缔组织疾病 肌痛 683 5.24 2.24 58.42 各类检查 心率升高 88 2.27 0.81 38.64
肌痉挛 625 3.68 1.73 54.08 B淋巴细胞计数降低 57 125.59 5.46 28.07
背痛 620 2.37 1.10 55.97 实验室检查异常 56 6.53 2.19 5.36
肌无力 508 4.31 1.95 56.50 全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 步态障碍 168 2.16 0.84 26.79
感染及侵染类疾病 COVID-19 1 225 3.41 1.65 53.39 免疫系统疾病 药物性超敏反应 168 2.46 1.03 24.40
鼻咽炎 654 2.29 1.06 56.27 各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病 肌无力 153 3.29 1.43 22.88
尿路感染 473 2.35 1.07 52.85 眼器官疾病 视物模糊 86 2.07 0.68 25.58
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 口咽疼痛 394 3.48 1.62 54.57 免疫系统疾病 低丙种球蛋白血症 71 27.86 4.15 28.17
流涕 335 3.91 1.77 59.10 血管与淋巴管类疾病 血压波动 69 4.03 1.58 24.64
产品问题 器械功能故障 312 9.93 3.09 58.01 耳及迷路类疾病 耳瘙痒 56 48.81 4.65 48.21
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奥法妥木单抗组与利妥昔单抗组例数排名前30的不良事件信号分析

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奥法妥木单抗组 利妥昔单抗组
系统器官分类 首选语 例数 ROR IC025 PS% 系统器官分类 首选语 例数 ROR IC025 PS%
全身性疾病及给药 疲劳 3 850 4.07 1.91 56.36 各类神经系统疾病 平衡疾病 89 2.32 0.85 24.72
部位各种反应 寒战 2 842 27.34 4.62 60.17 偏头痛 86 2.55 0.98 16.28
疼痛 2 632 2.82 1.39 57.07 视神经炎 79 30.93 4.32 15.19
发热 2 610 5.86 2.44 58.20 肌肉痉挛状态 66 9.95 2.81 16.67
流感样疾病 2 090 38.26 5.09 60.29 构音不良 65 4.19 1.62 15.38
乏力 1 063 2.81 1.37 54.28 烧灼感 64 2.87 1.08 20.31
感受异常 1 012 5.52 2.34 54.15 感染及侵染类疾病 COVID-19 316 7.11 2.61 56.33
步态障碍 879 4.08 1.90 54.84 尿路感染 289 3.86 1.73 29.07
注射部位痛 819 7.27 2.72 51.40 脓毒症 177 3.15 1.39 23.16
注射部位青肿 392 12.16 3.40 55.87 蜂窝织炎 82 3.10 1.25 18.29
药效不及预期 382 44.12 5.17 55.50 疑似 COVID-19 55 44.69 4.55 29.09
各类神经系统疾病 头痛 3 489 5.74 2.40 59.59 脓肿 55 8.08 2.47 10.91
感觉减退 963 5.69 2.38 53.48 呼吸道感染 60 5.00 1.84 13.33
头晕 916 2.14 0.98 53.60 进行性多灶性脑白质病 54 16.93 3.43 61.11
震颤 560 4.17 1.90 53.21 各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症 超说明书使用 2 454 10.35 3.16 47.03
平衡疾病 553 4.91 2.14 48.10 故意导致的产品使用问题 662 14.68 3.69 58.16
异常感觉 460 3.49 1.64 55.65 产品用于未经批准的适应证 393 5.65 2.30 35.37
记忆受损 423 3.05 1.44 49.41 输液相关反应 101 2.29 0.85 58.42
偏头痛 406 3.66 1.69 51.72 呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 咽喉刺激 153 10.95 3.13 43.14
各种肌肉骨骼及结 肢体疼痛 791 2.44 1.15 51.58 口咽疼痛 126 3.53 1.50 23.81
缔组织疾病 肌痛 683 5.24 2.24 58.42 各类检查 心率升高 88 2.27 0.81 38.64
肌痉挛 625 3.68 1.73 54.08 B淋巴细胞计数降低 57 125.59 5.46 28.07
背痛 620 2.37 1.10 55.97 实验室检查异常 56 6.53 2.19 5.36
肌无力 508 4.31 1.95 56.50 全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应 步态障碍 168 2.16 0.84 26.79
感染及侵染类疾病 COVID-19 1 225 3.41 1.65 53.39 免疫系统疾病 药物性超敏反应 168 2.46 1.03 24.40
鼻咽炎 654 2.29 1.06 56.27 各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病 肌无力 153 3.29 1.43 22.88
尿路感染 473 2.35 1.07 52.85 眼器官疾病 视物模糊 86 2.07 0.68 25.58
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病 口咽疼痛 394 3.48 1.62 54.57 免疫系统疾病 低丙种球蛋白血症 71 27.86 4.15 28.17
流涕 335 3.91 1.77 59.10 血管与淋巴管类疾病 血压波动 69 4.03 1.58 24.64
产品问题 器械功能故障 312 9.93 3.09 58.01 耳及迷路类疾病 耳瘙痒 56 48.81 4.65 48.21
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基于FAERS数据库对奥法妥木单抗及利妥昔单抗治疗多发性硬化的不良事件分析
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李莹 1, 2 , 关茗元 1, 2 , 段冉冉 3, * , 康建 1, 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(9): 845-851
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(9): 845-851
基于FAERS数据库对奥法妥木单抗及利妥昔单抗治疗多发性硬化的不良事件分析
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李莹1, 2, 关茗元1, 2, 段冉冉3, *, 康建1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 郑州大学第一附属医院药学部, 郑州 450052
  • 2 河南省药品临床综合评价中心, 郑州 450052
  • 3 郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科, 郑州 450052
  • 李莹,女,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药学

通讯作者:

*段冉冉,女,博士,主治医师 研究方向:脱髓鞘疾病研究;
康建,男,博士,主任药师 研究方向:药事管理 Tel:(0371)66913047
Identifying Adverse Events of Ofatumumab and Rituximab in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Based on the FAERS Database
Ying LI1, 2, Mingyuan GUAN1, 2, Ranran DUAN3, *, Jian KANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
  • 2 Henan Drug Clinical Comprehensive Evaluation Center, Zhengzhou 450052, China
  • 3 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
出版时间: 2024-05-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.011
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目的 基于美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统数据库挖掘奥法妥木单抗及利妥昔单抗治疗多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)时的不良事件信号,以期为这2种药物临床安全应用提供更多参考。方法 提取奥法妥木单抗与利妥昔单抗上市后的不良事件报告形成分析数据集,采用比例失衡法结合贝叶斯法进行不良事件信号监测,筛选出满足阈值条件的不良事件并进行总结分析。结果 奥法妥木单抗组采集到不良事件报告72 310条,有325个阳性信号,涵盖24个系统器官分类(system organ class,SOC),主要涉及“全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应”“各类神经系统疾病”“各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病”;利妥昔单抗组采集到不良事件报告23 203条,有311个阳性信号,涵盖25个SOC,主要涉及“各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症”“感染及侵染类疾病”“各类神经系统疾病”。除“胃肠系统疾病”及“眼器官疾病”外,这2种药物每个SOC级别内不良事件的分布均有显著差异。结论 奥法妥木单抗与利妥昔单抗在治疗MS时的不良事件发生风险有较大差异,临床应用时应注意用药监测。由于基于真实世界的研究难以进行定量分析,以上结论还需大样本的队列研究进行验证。

奥法妥木单抗  /  利妥昔单抗  /  报告系统  /  不良事件  /  多发性硬化

OBJECTIVE To investigate adverse event signals associated with ofatumumab and rituximab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis(MS), provide more evidences for the clinical safe medication based on the U.S. food and drug administration's adverse event reporting system(FAERS) data. METHODS Postmarking adverse event reports of ofatumumab and rituximab were extracted to form an analysis dataset. Disproportionality analysis combined with bayesian confidence propagation neural nework (BCPNN) was conducted for adverse event signal monitoring. Adverse events meeting threshold conditions were selected and summarized for analysis. RESULTS The ofatumumab group collected a total of 72 310 adverse event reports, of which 325 showed positive signals, covering 24 system organ classes (SOCs), involving “infections and infestations” “nervous system disorders” and “musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders”. The rituximab group collected 23 203 adverse event reports, with 311 showing positive signals, covering 25 SOC, involving “injury, poisoning and procedural complications” “infections and infestations” and “nervous system disorders”. Except for “gastrointestinal disorders” and “eye disorders”, both drugs exhibited significant differences in each SOC. CONCLUSION There are substantial differences in the risk of adverse events between ofatumumab and rituximab in the treatment of MS. Therefore, medication monitoring is required during the treatment. Due to the limitations of real-world studies for quantitative analysis, the above conclusions need to be validated through large-scale cohort studies.

ofatumumab  /  rituximab  /  reporting system  /  adverse event  /  multiple sclerosis
李莹, 关茗元, 段冉冉, 康建. 基于FAERS数据库对奥法妥木单抗及利妥昔单抗治疗多发性硬化的不良事件分析. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (9) : 845 -851 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.011
Ying LI, Mingyuan GUAN, Ranran DUAN, Jian KANG. Identifying Adverse Events of Ofatumumab and Rituximab in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Based on the FAERS Database[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (9) : 845 -851 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.011
多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)是一种发作于中枢神经系统,由免疫介导的炎性脱髓鞘性疾病 [1]。MS视病程及临床表现可分为多种临床亚型 [2],其发病机制与多种免疫细胞群间的相互作用改变相关 [3]。疾病进展过程中,MS造成的累积残疾以及预防MS再度发作给患者带来了沉重的疾病负担。针对复发型MS及部分进展型MS的疾病修正治疗(disease-modifying therapy,DMT)方法在临床上被大量应用 [4-5]
抗白细胞分化抗原(cluster of differentiation,CD)20单抗作为一类DMT药物常被用于MS的治疗。其中奥法妥木单抗是一种新上市的DMT药物,其20 mg的剂型(商品名为KESIMPTA)于2020年8月在美国被批准用于MS的治疗,并于2022年在中国大陆上市。文献[6]对奥法妥木单抗及其他DMT药物的有效性进行了比较,并认为其效果不劣于或优于现有的DMT药品。利妥昔单抗虽至今未被批准用于MS的治疗,但已有的循证证据为利妥昔单抗的临床有效性提供了一定依据,因此被广泛地超适应证应用于MS的治疗 [7-8]。目前国内上市并且可用于治疗MS的抗CD20单抗主要有以上2种。
除有效性外,安全性也是影响用药决策的一项重要指标,会影响到患者的临床受益。现有的安全性评价主要基于临床试验以及不良反应个案报告,但纳入病例数小、随访周期短、病例删失以及严格的纳入排除标准与现实的用药情况有差异,因此上市后基于真实世界的不良事件报告分析对于临床用药的安全性评价有一定价值 [9-10]。美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统是用于收集药物上市后各国不良事件信息自发报告的平台[11],由于其数据量大且易于获取,故常被用于不良事件信号挖掘 [12]。本研究对这2种药物用于治疗MS时的不良事件风险信号进行了挖掘,以期为该2种药品在临床的安全应用提供更多的依据与参考。
研究数据来源于美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统网站 [11]。使用SQL Server 2022软件进行数据库的构建与数据管理。使用Khaleel等 [13]的方法对导入的数据进行去重、清洗及标准化。药品名称使用临床药品标准命名术语表(RxNorm)进行映射,并采用《国际医学用语》(Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities,MedDRA)(25.1 版)对不良事件及用药适应证编码,获得标准化的首选语(preferred term,PT)及系统器官分类(system organ class,SOC)。最终形成原始分析数据集10 802 271例。
采用正则化表达式SQL server的检索式代码表达式,“%mulitple sclerosis%”“clinical isolated syndrome”对药品的适应证进行筛选,并将病例按治疗期间使用的药物分为奥法妥木单抗组及利妥昔单抗组,将筛选结果视为独立的药品进行信号监测。检索2020年9月后的所有报告形成奥法妥木单抗组的分析集,并检索2004年7月后的所有报告形成利妥昔单抗组的分析集,二者检索时间均截止至2023年3月31日。本研究采用比例失衡法的报告比值比 [14](reporting odds ratio,ROR)、比例报告比 [15](proportional reporting ratio,PRR)进行阳性信号检测,并联合贝叶斯置信传播神经网络(bayesian confidence propagation neural network, BCPNN)所得的信息分量 [16](information component, IC)进行信号验证。3种方法确定阳性信号的阈值分别为:报告例数≥3;ROR的95%置信区间下限>1;PRR>2且χ2>4;IC的95%可信区间下限(IC025)>0。另外采用Chen等[17]的方法对IC025信号的强弱进行判定,当0<IC025<1.5时,认为信号较弱,1.5≤IC025<3.0时,认为是中强信号;IC025≥3时,认为是强信号 [17]
使用SPSS 25软件进行统计分析。对分布不符合正态分布的参数采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行两独立样本非参数检验。对分类变量采用χ2检验。均当P<0.05时,认为两组存在显著性差异。将分组与SOC转换为二分类变量进行单因素逻辑回归并计算比值比(odds ratio,OR),当OR的95%置信区间不包含“1”时认为结果有统计学意义。
奥法妥木单抗组与利妥昔单抗组中病例数分别为9 943例及2 716例。奥法妥木单抗组的男女性别比例为1∶3.31,有299例(3.00%)年龄大于或等于65岁且有2 419例(24.32%)报告结局符合严重不良事件;利妥昔单抗组的男女性别比例为1∶2.83,有114例(4.20%)年龄大于或等于65岁,有1 979例(72.86%)报告结局符合严重不良事件。2组中,诊断为未特指的MS占比均是最高(60.40%/74.04%)。2组的报告来源均以美国为主。见表1
奥法妥木单抗于2020年被批准治疗MS,截至2023年1季度,不良事件上报数量呈递增趋势,利妥昔单抗用于治疗MS的不良事件上报数量也呈递增趋势,但较奥法妥木单抗更为平缓。上报时间的具体情况见图1
奥法妥木单抗组与利妥昔单抗组的不良事件均涉及27个SOC。奥法妥木单抗组不良事件例数排名前3的SOC分别为“全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应”(33.90%)、“各类神经系统疾病”(18.46%)、“各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病”(8.03%);利妥昔单抗组不良事件例数排名前3的SOC分别为“各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症”(18.36%)、“感染及侵染类疾病”(12.95%)、“全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应”(12.62%)。另外对2个药物组以SOC为因变量进行了logistic回归分析,结果显示2种药物的不良事件上报情况在SOC级别上分布差异较大,除“胃肠系统疾病”“眼器官疾病”外,25个SOC的分布均有显著差异。具体上报情况见表2
对满足信号阈值的不良事件再次进行人工筛选,排除疾病进展以及与药物作用无关的不良事件(如“产品供应问题”“意外暴露于产品”“MS”等),抽取上报例数排名前30位的阳性信号,并按SOC及上报例数排序,报告结果见表3。奥法妥木单抗组中例数排名前3的为“疲劳”“寒战”及“疼痛”;利妥昔单抗组例数排名前3的为“超说明书使用”“故意导致的产品使用问题”及“产品用于未经批准的适应证”。另外将各SOC中的包含的阳性PT绘制成图(图2),其中奥法妥木单抗组中信号最多的SOC前3位分别是“各类神经系统疾病”(69项)、“全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应”(48项)、“各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症”(25项);利妥昔单抗组中信号最多的SOC前3位分别为 “各类神经系统疾病”(43项)、“感染及侵染类疾病”(69项)、“各类检查”(45项)。
本研究根据说明书中不良事件频率报告选取了“感染及侵染类疾病”“各类检查”为重点SOC,并结合表3的结果将“各类神经系统疾病”列为重点SOC报告。分别抽取两个分组IC025排名前15位的信号形成热图(图3)。“感染及侵染类疾病”信号见图3A,奥法妥木单抗组有1个信号呈中信号,而利妥昔单抗有17个中等强度以上的信号。“各类检查”信号见图3B,奥法妥木单抗组有6个中等强度以上的信号,利妥昔单抗组则有19个中等强度以上的信号。“各类神经系统疾病”信号见图3C,奥法妥木单抗组有19个中等强度以上的信号,利妥昔单抗组有18个中等强度以上的信号。
奥法妥木单抗与利妥昔单抗同属于IgG1单克隆抗体。奥法妥木单抗是首个上市的人源化的IgG1单克隆抗体,其结合位点为CD20非连续的短链(78~80个氨基酸残基)或长链(145~161个氨基酸残基)胞外环 [18];利妥昔单抗是首个上市的抗CD20单抗,它的结合位点是CD20的长链(168~175个氨基酸残基)胞外环 [18]。二者结合的CD20表位不同,且它们与表位的亲和力以及解离速率也有明显差异 [19],以上这些特征可能解释了本研究中输液反应和变态反应等不良事件的差异。
本研究结果显示,奥法妥木单抗组与利妥昔单抗组中,男女比例均在1∶2.3以上,且年龄中位数为46及47,这与已有的MS的流行病学研究相符。除未特指的MS外,2种药物均主要用于复发缓解型或复发型MS的治疗,也有一定比例的病例报告为进展型MS。不良事件结局方面,利妥昔单抗组中“威胁生命”(life-threatening,LT)“需住院治疗或延长住院天数”(hospitalization-initial or prolonged,HO)及“导致死亡”(death,DE)的不良事件与奥法妥木单抗相比有显著性差异,且组间比例更高,奥法妥木单抗组中OT的比例更高,结局的差异提示利妥昔单抗组有更高的严重不良事件发生概率。用药人群的构成存在较大差异,这可能会带来有关人种、性别、上报者偏好等的混杂因素 [20]
奥法妥木单抗独有的SOC信号有“产品问题”及“各种先天性家族性遗传性疾病”。“产品问题”的独有信号可能与奥法妥木单抗的给药方式相关,该药需由患者在医疗从业者指导下通过自动注射笔皮下注射给药 [21],患者在药品储藏及给药过程可能会出现差错,这提示临床在使用该药时应重视对患者在药品使用以及药品储藏方面的教育。“各种先天性家族性遗传性疾病”可能与奥法妥木单抗在妊娠期的应用相关,除该信号外,另有3例患者疾病结局“致胎儿先天性疾病”(congenital anomaly,CA)。奥法妥木单抗用于妊娠的动物实验及临床证据仍较少 [22],澳大利亚医疗用品管理局(therapeutic goods administration,TGA)考虑到该药作为IgG亚型单克隆抗体存在穿透胎盘屏障的可能,故将妊娠毒性分级设置为“C” [23],临床应在考虑对妊娠患者的风险获益后谨慎使用。
利妥昔单抗独有的信号有“各种手术及医疗操作”“代谢及营养类疾病”及“社会环境”,这3种SOC中各个PT的信号较弱,且利妥昔单抗作为首要怀疑药物的比例较低,不良事件与使用利妥昔单抗的关联性较差。
应用抗CD20单抗时由于B细胞耗竭,感染的风险将有所提升 [24],因此说明书要求临床在应用这2种药物时应注意评估患者的感染风险。对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV) 携带者、艾滋病病毒(HIV) 携带者、免疫接种的患者应注意筛查,在用药时需权衡患者的风险与获益 [21,25]。本研究结果显示,在感染及侵染类疾病SOC项下,奥法妥木单抗组有18个阳性信号;利妥昔单抗组有69个阳性信号,其中有28个中信号或强信号。这提示了2种药物的使用与感染及侵染类不良事件有一定关联,且利妥昔单抗可能有较奥法妥木单抗更高的感染风险,但这一推断需要大样本队列研究的验证。
在使用抗CD20单抗时,免疫系统的相关不良事件可能会造成一系列需要特殊监护及处置的情况。该类不良事件主要分布于“各类检查”“免疫系统疾病”及“血液及淋巴系统疾病”中。它们的共有信号包含了B淋巴细胞计数的升高或降低以及T淋巴细胞计数降低。奥法妥木单抗的说明书中在不良反应章节中单独讨论了免疫球蛋白的变化,除说明书中提及的IgM降低(本研究中获得6例报告)外,我们也发现了血IgG降低(14例)信号,血IgA降低虽未满足阈值但有5例报告。利妥昔单抗组中发现3个独有信号,分别为CD4淋巴细胞升高(9例)与降低(15例)以及CD8淋巴细胞降低(7例)。免疫球蛋白的变化方面,发现血IgM降低(23例)、血IgA降低(18例)、血IgA升高(4例)及低丙种球蛋白血症(71例)的信号。该2种药物的临床试验中,血免疫球蛋白低于限度是造成停药的原因之一 [26-27],造成该类不良事件的原因也可能与联用糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂相关 [24]。在临床使用中应关注对该类指标的监测。
由于MS在SOC分类中属于“各类神经系统疾病”,疾病的进展、转归或各种伴随症状容易被归入到此类,并作为混杂因素对分析造成一定的影响。本研究中,排除有关MS的PT条目,奥法妥木单抗组独有的不良事件IC025排名前3的有“束紧感”“电击感”“三叉神经痛”;利妥昔单抗组独有的不良事件IC025排名前3的有“非感染性脑炎”“有先兆的偏头痛”“神经代偿失调”。免疫功能的低下可能会引发进行性多灶性白质脑病,一种由JC病毒引起的罕见脑部感染,并可能造成患者死亡 [28-29]。奥法妥木单抗与利妥昔单抗的说明书均将该病写入警告与注意事项部分 [21,25]。奥法妥木单抗组的不良事件报告中有2例进行性多灶性脑白质病,但无显著信号,20例与JC病毒感染相关,涵盖3个PT信号;利妥昔单抗组报告了54例进行性多灶性脑白质病且为阳性信号,而且有46例与JC病毒感染相关,涵盖2个PT信号。在临床应用时应对该病的予以重视并及时筛查处置[30]
本研究通过对美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统数据库的挖掘对奥法妥木单抗与利妥昔单抗在治疗MS时的不良事件进行了比较,发现二者虽然均为抗CD20单抗,但不良事件在SOC级别的分布及上报的PT种类有较大差异。奥法妥木单抗在感染、侵染及免疫相关不良事件风险低于利妥昔单抗,在神经系统相关反应上,风险则高于利妥昔单抗。由于基于真实世界的研究难以进行定量分析,以上结论还需要大样本的队列研究进行验证。
本研究仍有以下局限性:①本研究将未报告适应证的病例均分入了其他诊断组,这可能将实际诊断是MS的患者分入其他诊断组;②美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统数据库所报告的不良事件可能与患者的人种、生理病理状态、合并用药、治疗周期、给药剂量与频次、上报者的意愿、上报时的政策等多种因素相关,本研究未能结合多种变量对不良事件进行解释与挖掘。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(81703738)
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2024年第59卷第9期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.011
  • 接收时间:2023-06-19
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-05-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-19
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(81703738)
作者信息
    1 郑州大学第一附属医院药学部, 郑州 450052
    2 河南省药品临床综合评价中心, 郑州 450052
    3 郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科, 郑州 450052

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*段冉冉,女,博士,主治医师 研究方向:脱髓鞘疾病研究;
康建,男,博士,主任药师 研究方向:药事管理 Tel:(0371)66913047
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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