Article(id=1200147769089425587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)09-0801-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.09.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1671552000000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764067125818, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1715097600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764067125818, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764067125818, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067125818, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200147768326062257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='9', pageStart='757', pageEnd='856', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764067125636, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067301065, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200148504178950495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200148504178950496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=801, endPage=808, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200147769303335095, articleId=1200147769089425587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Preparation of Sandwich Triamcinolone Acetonide Oral Film by Tape Casting Process and Its Release Behavior in Vitro, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare a “sandwich” oral film (composed ofthe backing layer, sustained release layer, and adhesion layer) containing triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of oral ulcers. METHODS Triamcinolone acetonide oral film was prepared by a tape casting process using ethyl cellulose (EC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyacrylic acid (PAA) as carrier materials. Taking the appearance, thickness, uniformity, adhesion, and mechanical strength of the film as indicators, the formulation of the backing layer, sustained release layer, and adhesion layer was optimized by a single factor study. The film's physicochemical properties and drug release in vitro were compared with the commercially available formulation Taisho®. RESULTS The drug loading of the resulting triamcinolone acetonide three-layer oral film was 96.0%, and the film had good uniformity, mechanical strength, and adhesion. The designed oral film had a release curve similarity factor f2 of 54.25 when compared to the commercially available formulation of Taisho®. CONCLUSION The quality of triamcinolone acetonide oral film prepared by the tape casting process is consistent with that of Taisho®. Moreover, the technology of this film is simple and feasible, with the potential for industrial conversion.

, correspAuthors=Lei TANG, Jianta WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lili ZHANG, Yi CHEN, Jing HUANG, Lina LIU, Lei TANG, Jianta WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200147770872004843, articleId=1200147769089425587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=涂布法制备三明治式的曲安奈德口腔膜剂及其体外释放行为的研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 制备一种由背衬层、缓释层和黏附层组成的载曲安奈德的“三明治”式口腔膜剂用于治疗口腔溃疡。方法 以乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素和聚丙烯酸为载体,采用涂布法制备曲安奈德口腔膜剂。以膜剂外观、厚度、均匀度和黏附性、机械强度等为指标,通过单因素法优化背衬层、缓释层和黏附层处方。以市售制剂Taisho®为对照,对该膜剂的理化性质和体外药物释放进行评估。结果 制得曲安奈德三层口腔膜剂载药量为96.0%,该膜剂具有较好的均一性、机械强度和黏附性,与市售制剂Taisho®的释放行为对比,两者的相似因子f2为54.25。结论 采用涂布法制备的曲安奈德口腔膜剂与Taisho®有较好的质量一致性。该膜剂的制备工艺简单可行,具有一定的产业化优势。

, correspAuthors=汤磊, 王建塔, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*汤磊,男,博士,博士生导师,教授 研究方向:药物研发设计、合成与药动学 Tel:(0851)86908318;
王建塔,男,硕士生导师,正高级实验师 研究方向:抗2型糖尿病药物的研究及化学药合成工艺开发 Tel:(0851)82276953
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张莉莉,女,硕士 研究方向:工业药学

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Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2018, 86:129-143., articleTitle=An overview of polymeric dosage forms in buccal drug delivery: state of art, design of formulations and their in vivo performance evaluation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780581819035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=null, pageStart=6531, pageEnd=6536, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=TAKEUCHI I, TOGO C, MAKINO K, journalName=Anticancer Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAKEUCHI I, TOGO C, MAKINO K. Rebamipide-containing film using chitosan and HPMC for oral mucositis induced by cancer chemotherapy[J]. 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Eur Polymer J, 2011, 47(3):254-263., articleTitle=Natural-based plasticizers and biopolymer films: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780799922852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=76, issue=null, pageStart=171, pageEnd=180, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=CASTRO P M, FONTE P, OLIVEIRA A, journalName=Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CASTRO P M, FONTE P, OLIVEIRA A, et al. Optimization of two biopolymer-based oral films for the delivery of bioactive molecules[J]. 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articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=图2, caption=浆碟法的溶出装置示意图, figureFileSmall=VijRTiN9tmLa85g3RYpfsA==, figureFileBig=lvI0bY0OdWmqoqOfqjZ9VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775120835031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Adhesive time(A) and adhesive force(B) of prescription RX12-17. n=4, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=BOx+l+x1jM3jRM+shmQYsQ==, figureFileBig=xIJ0C8/yOAzX0I/LCVUBEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775192138207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=图3, caption=处方RX 12~17的黏附时间(A)和黏附力(B). n=4, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=BOx+l+x1jM3jRM+shmQYsQ==, figureFileBig=xIJ0C8/yOAzX0I/LCVUBEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775267635684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Swelling index of prescription RX12-17. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=BzC4SVu06BW8kVEmQ25Y3w==, figureFileBig=VcU89Uvk0JhVdRODW38WVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775397659114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=图4, caption=处方RX 12~17的溶胀指数. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=BzC4SVu06BW8kVEmQ25Y3w==, figureFileBig=VcU89Uvk0JhVdRODW38WVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775494128112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Picture of TA oral film(A)and structure diagram of TA oral film(B), figureFileSmall=Gufj2iN1sDAk1qkhvRGQhQ==, figureFileBig=lo3cdHUjHg6lngP+25/OAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775586402808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=图5, caption=TA口腔膜剂实物图(A)和结构示意图(B), figureFileSmall=Gufj2iN1sDAk1qkhvRGQhQ==, figureFileBig=lo3cdHUjHg6lngP+25/OAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775678677498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Release profiles of TA oral film and Taisho®. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=Fmpmr5gUEoDk1sU6OC+cKQ==, figureFileBig=pZkhPDAiWeypiRJmt6E/+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775821283837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=图6, caption=TA口腔膜剂和Taisho®的释放度曲线. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=Fmpmr5gUEoDk1sU6OC+cKQ==, figureFileBig=pZkhPDAiWeypiRJmt6E/+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775947112963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Optimization of EC concentration and the amount of plasticizer TEC and castor oil in the backing layer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Ethylcellulose(EC)/mg·mL-1 Ethanol/mL Triethyl citrate(TEC)/mg·mL-1 Castor oil/mg·mL-1 Carmine/mg·mL-1
RX 1 50 10 10 10 5
RX 2 70 10 10 10 5
RX 3 100 10 10 10 5
RX 4 100 10 13 13 5
RX 5 100 10 26 - 5
RX 6 100 10 - 26 5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776056164870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

背衬层中乙基纤维素(EC)的浓度和增塑剂枸橼酸三乙酯(TEC)与蓖麻油用量的优化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Ethylcellulose(EC)/mg·mL-1 Ethanol/mL Triethyl citrate(TEC)/mg·mL-1 Castor oil/mg·mL-1 Carmine/mg·mL-1
RX 1 50 10 10 10 5
RX 2 70 10 10 10 5
RX 3 100 10 10 10 5
RX 4 100 10 13 13 5
RX 5 100 10 26 - 5
RX 6 100 10 - 26 5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776156828168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Optimization of HPMC and PAA concentrations and plasticizer TEC dosage in drug-loaded sustained release layers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Polyacrylic acid(PAA)
/mg·mL-1
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
(HPMC)/mg·mL-1
Water
/mL
TEC
/mg·mL-1
Triamcinolone acetonide
(TA)/mg·mL-1
RX 7 7 1 15 3 1
RX 8 7 7 15 3 1
RX 9 7 67 15 3 1
RX 10 - 67 15 3 1
RX 11 7 67 15 13 1
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776253297160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

载药缓释层中羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和聚丙烯酸(PAA)的浓度和增塑剂TEC用量的优化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Polyacrylic acid(PAA)
/mg·mL-1
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
(HPMC)/mg·mL-1
Water
/mL
TEC
/mg·mL-1
Triamcinolone acetonide
(TA)/mg·mL-1
RX 7 7 1 15 3 1
RX 8 7 7 15 3 1
RX 9 7 67 15 3 1
RX 10 - 67 15 3 1
RX 11 7 67 15 13 1
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776370737680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Optimization of HPMC and PAA concentrations and plasticizer TEC dosage in adhesive layers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation PAA/mg·mL-1 HPMC/mg·mL-1 60% Ethanol /mL TEC/mg·mL-1 TiO2/mg·mL-1
RX 12 24 - 20 1 2
RX 13 - 8 20 1 2
RX 14 16 16 20 1 2
RX 15 24 8 20 1 2
RX 16 24 8 20 5 2
RX 17 24 8 20 10 2
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776517538320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

黏附层中HPMC和PAA的浓度和增塑剂TEC用量的优化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation PAA/mg·mL-1 HPMC/mg·mL-1 60% Ethanol /mL TEC/mg·mL-1 TiO2/mg·mL-1
RX 12 24 - 20 1 2
RX 13 - 8 20 1 2
RX 14 16 16 20 1 2
RX 15 24 8 20 1 2
RX 16 24 8 20 5 2
RX 17 24 8 20 10 2
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776605618707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Results of optimizing EC concentration and the amount of plasticizer TEC and castor oil in the backing layer. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Appearance Measured thickness
of the film/μm
Calculated thickness of the
backing layer/μm
Folding endurance
/times
Mass
variation
RX 1 Thin, not uniform but cannot be removed from mold 13.7±3.7 13.7±3.7 50±4 <15
RX 2 Thin, uniform but cannot be removed from mold 16.7±2.7 16.7±2.7 105±10 <15
RX 3 Good thickness, smooth but less flexibility 26.2±1.2 26.2±1.2 262±6 <15
RX 4 Good thickness, good uniformity and flexibility 26.0±2.2 26.0±2.2 >300 <15
RX 5 Good thickness, smooth but too flexibility to break 28.0±1.9 28.0±1.9 189±9 <15
RX 6 Good thickness, smooth but less flexibility 27.0±1.4 27.0±1.4 249±31 <15
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776760807959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

背衬层中EC浓度和增塑剂TEC和蓖麻油用量的优化结果. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Appearance Measured thickness
of the film/μm
Calculated thickness of the
backing layer/μm
Folding endurance
/times
Mass
variation
RX 1 Thin, not uniform but cannot be removed from mold 13.7±3.7 13.7±3.7 50±4 <15
RX 2 Thin, uniform but cannot be removed from mold 16.7±2.7 16.7±2.7 105±10 <15
RX 3 Good thickness, smooth but less flexibility 26.2±1.2 26.2±1.2 262±6 <15
RX 4 Good thickness, good uniformity and flexibility 26.0±2.2 26.0±2.2 >300 <15
RX 5 Good thickness, smooth but too flexibility to break 28.0±1.9 28.0±1.9 189±9 <15
RX 6 Good thickness, smooth but less flexibility 27.0±1.4 27.0±1.4 249±31 <15
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776861471259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Results of optimization of HPMC and PAA concentrations and plasticizer TEC dosage in the sustained release layer. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Appearance Measured thickness
of the film/μm
Calculated thickness of the
sustained release layer/μm
Folding endurance
/times
Mass
variation
RX 7 Good film thickness and cannot be removed from mold 58.8±6.9 32.8±6.9 >300 <15
RX 8 Good film thickness, smooth and cannot be removed from mold 65.8±3.9 39.8±3.9 >300 <15
RX 9 Good film thickness and smooth 68.8±2.1 42.8±2.1 >300 <15
RX 10 Thin and smooth 56.7±2.3 30.7±2.3 265±1 <15
RX 11 Good film thickness, smooth and flexible 70.0±3.2 44.0±3.2 >300 <15
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776949551649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

缓释层中HPMC和PAA的浓度和增塑剂TEC用量的优化结果. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Appearance Measured thickness
of the film/μm
Calculated thickness of the
sustained release layer/μm
Folding endurance
/times
Mass
variation
RX 7 Good film thickness and cannot be removed from mold 58.8±6.9 32.8±6.9 >300 <15
RX 8 Good film thickness, smooth and cannot be removed from mold 65.8±3.9 39.8±3.9 >300 <15
RX 9 Good film thickness and smooth 68.8±2.1 42.8±2.1 >300 <15
RX 10 Thin and smooth 56.7±2.3 30.7±2.3 265±1 <15
RX 11 Good film thickness, smooth and flexible 70.0±3.2 44.0±3.2 >300 <15
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777037632036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Results of optimization of HPMC and PAA concentrations and plasticizer TEC dosage in the adhesive layers. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Appearance Measured thickness
of the film/μm
Calculated thickness of the
adhesion layer/μm
Folding endurance
/times
Mass
variation
RX 12 Thin, not uniform and cannot be removed from mold 120.0 ±26.9 50.0 ±26.9 118±3 >15
RX 13 Good thickness, smooth 95.5 ±1.9 25.5 ±1.9 >300 <15
RX 14 Good thickness, smooth 104.3 ±1.4 34.3 ±1.4 198±2 <15
RX 15 Good thickness, smooth and flexible 98.8 ±4.1 28.8 ±4.1 >300 <15
RX 16 Good thickness, smooth 104.5 ±1.9 34.5 ±1.9 >300 <15
RX 17 Good film thickness and smooth 101.0 ±3.0 31.0 ±3.0 276±8 <15
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777121518120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

黏附层中HPMC和PAA的浓度和增塑剂TEC用量的优化结果. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Appearance Measured thickness
of the film/μm
Calculated thickness of the
adhesion layer/μm
Folding endurance
/times
Mass
variation
RX 12 Thin, not uniform and cannot be removed from mold 120.0 ±26.9 50.0 ±26.9 118±3 >15
RX 13 Good thickness, smooth 95.5 ±1.9 25.5 ±1.9 >300 <15
RX 14 Good thickness, smooth 104.3 ±1.4 34.3 ±1.4 198±2 <15
RX 15 Good thickness, smooth and flexible 98.8 ±4.1 28.8 ±4.1 >300 <15
RX 16 Good thickness, smooth 104.5 ±1.9 34.5 ±1.9 >300 <15
RX 17 Good film thickness and smooth 101.0 ±3.0 31.0 ±3.0 276±8 <15
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777205404201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Characterization results of TA oral film and Taisho®. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Appearance Thickness
/μm
Mass
/mg
Folding
endurance/times
Adhesive
time/h
Adhesive
force/N
Content
of TA/%
TA oral film Thickness suitable, uniform, flexible 97.8±0.8 9.76±0.43 >300 8.00±0.92 0.41±0.05 96.0±3.00
Taisho® Thickness, uniform, smooth, and flexible 98.9±0.4 9.56±0.12 >300 8.89±0.92 0.44±0.06 96.4±0.35
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777310261805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147769089425587, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

TA口腔膜剂和Taisho®的表征结果. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Formulation Appearance Thickness
/μm
Mass
/mg
Folding
endurance/times
Adhesive
time/h
Adhesive
force/N
Content
of TA/%
TA oral film Thickness suitable, uniform, flexible 97.8±0.8 9.76±0.43 >300 8.00±0.92 0.41±0.05 96.0±3.00
Taisho® Thickness, uniform, smooth, and flexible 98.9±0.4 9.56±0.12 >300 8.89±0.92 0.44±0.06 96.4±0.35
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涂布法制备三明治式的曲安奈德口腔膜剂及其体外释放行为的研究
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张莉莉 1, 2 , 陈艺 1, 2 , 黄静 1 , 刘丽娜 1 , 汤磊 2, * , 王建塔 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(9): 801-808
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(9): 801-808
涂布法制备三明治式的曲安奈德口腔膜剂及其体外释放行为的研究
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张莉莉1, 2, 陈艺1, 2, 黄静1, 刘丽娜1, 汤磊2, *, 王建塔2, *
作者信息
  • 1 贵州医科大学药学院, 贵阳 550004
  • 2 贵州省化学合成药物研发利用工程技术研究中心, 贵州医科大学, 贵阳 550004
  • 张莉莉,女,硕士 研究方向:工业药学

通讯作者:

*汤磊,男,博士,博士生导师,教授 研究方向:药物研发设计、合成与药动学 Tel:(0851)86908318;
王建塔,男,硕士生导师,正高级实验师 研究方向:抗2型糖尿病药物的研究及化学药合成工艺开发 Tel:(0851)82276953
Preparation of Sandwich Triamcinolone Acetonide Oral Film by Tape Casting Process and Its Release Behavior in Vitro
Lili ZHANG1, 2, Yi CHEN1, 2, Jing HUANG1, Lina LIU1, Lei TANG2, *, Jianta WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
  • 2 Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
出版时间: 2024-05-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.005
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目的 制备一种由背衬层、缓释层和黏附层组成的载曲安奈德的“三明治”式口腔膜剂用于治疗口腔溃疡。方法 以乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素和聚丙烯酸为载体,采用涂布法制备曲安奈德口腔膜剂。以膜剂外观、厚度、均匀度和黏附性、机械强度等为指标,通过单因素法优化背衬层、缓释层和黏附层处方。以市售制剂Taisho®为对照,对该膜剂的理化性质和体外药物释放进行评估。结果 制得曲安奈德三层口腔膜剂载药量为96.0%,该膜剂具有较好的均一性、机械强度和黏附性,与市售制剂Taisho®的释放行为对比,两者的相似因子f2为54.25。结论 采用涂布法制备的曲安奈德口腔膜剂与Taisho®有较好的质量一致性。该膜剂的制备工艺简单可行,具有一定的产业化优势。

曲安奈德  /  三层口腔膜剂  /  缓释  /  黏膜黏附  /  涂布法

OBJECTIVE To prepare a “sandwich” oral film (composed ofthe backing layer, sustained release layer, and adhesion layer) containing triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of oral ulcers. METHODS Triamcinolone acetonide oral film was prepared by a tape casting process using ethyl cellulose (EC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyacrylic acid (PAA) as carrier materials. Taking the appearance, thickness, uniformity, adhesion, and mechanical strength of the film as indicators, the formulation of the backing layer, sustained release layer, and adhesion layer was optimized by a single factor study. The film's physicochemical properties and drug release in vitro were compared with the commercially available formulation Taisho®. RESULTS The drug loading of the resulting triamcinolone acetonide three-layer oral film was 96.0%, and the film had good uniformity, mechanical strength, and adhesion. The designed oral film had a release curve similarity factor f2 of 54.25 when compared to the commercially available formulation of Taisho®. CONCLUSION The quality of triamcinolone acetonide oral film prepared by the tape casting process is consistent with that of Taisho®. Moreover, the technology of this film is simple and feasible, with the potential for industrial conversion.

triamcinolone acetonide  /  three layer-oral film  /  sustained release  /  mucosal adhesion  /  tape casting process
张莉莉, 陈艺, 黄静, 刘丽娜, 汤磊, 王建塔. 涂布法制备三明治式的曲安奈德口腔膜剂及其体外释放行为的研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (9) : 801 -808 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.005
Lili ZHANG, Yi CHEN, Jing HUANG, Lina LIU, Lei TANG, Jianta WANG. Preparation of Sandwich Triamcinolone Acetonide Oral Film by Tape Casting Process and Its Release Behavior in Vitro[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (9) : 801 -808 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.005
口腔溃疡是一种常见的发生于口腔黏膜的溃疡性损伤病症,其发病率居于口腔黏膜疾病的首位,全球患病率接近20%[1-2]。主要表现为疼痛明显的浅表溃疡,被黄白色假膜覆盖,边界清楚,周围组织红肿充血明显。口腔溃疡病程长,易复发,严重影响患者的生活质量[3-4]。口腔溃疡的发病机制至今尚未完全阐明,普遍认为机体内促炎与抗炎因子失衡引起的免疫反应是导致口腔溃疡的主要原因[5-6]。目前,抗炎、免疫调节、减轻疼痛和促进溃疡面愈合等仍是治疗口腔溃疡的主要方式[1,3]
曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)是临床常用的抗炎、抗过敏的长效糖皮质激素,也是治疗复发性口腔溃疡的一线药物[1]。TA主要通过阻断T淋巴细胞-上皮细胞的相互作用,从而减轻炎症反应和降低溃疡的发生。TA对被破坏的口腔黏膜上皮细胞起治疗作用,有明显的抗炎抗过敏,稳定细胞膜,降低微血管通透性的作用[6-8]。TA半衰期长,局部用药维持时间长。研究表明,1 mg·mL-1 TA在减轻溃疡病变程度和缩短病程等方面效果较好,且局部应用无明显不良反应[1,9-10]。但TA的生物利用度低和水溶性极差,极大地制约它的应用。因此,开发合适的TA局部用制剂十分必要。
目前TA现有剂型为注射剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、鼻喷雾剂和口腔膜剂等,用于复发性口腔溃疡局部给药的有软膏剂和口腔膜剂。其中TA口腔膜剂由日本帝国制药株式会社生产,大正制药株式会社销售,商品名称为Taisho®。该膜剂厚度仅有100 μm,极薄的设计给予患者较好的使用体验。此外该膜剂具有较好的生物黏附性,可避免药物由于唾液的稀释、舌头运动和吞咽等造成的脱落,可发挥持久长效的保护作用。
据调研,我国尚无TA口腔膜剂的上市产品,关于TA膜剂的报道也相对较少。为了获得黏附性好,作用持久的TA局部应用产品,近年来研究者们进行了一些尝试,Zheng[11]采用壳聚糖和岩藻多糖为材料,通过环氧氯丙烷化学交联法制备了一种多功能壳聚糖/岩藻多糖复合水凝胶,作为载TA的口腔膜材料。 Choi等[12]将泊洛沙姆端基改性为乙烯基,并通过辐照交联反应制备载TA的水凝胶,具有良好的物理稳定性和机械强度。上述报道的TA膜剂或凝胶具有良好的生物黏附性和缓释作用,在工艺过程中进行了化学交联、结构改造或辐射等操作,增加了工艺放大的不确定性。
涂布法(coating method)是一种可以连续生产的制剂工艺,其生产工艺流程短,工艺简单,具有较大的产业化优势。通过涂布法可以在不同的膜层中负载活性成分,并通过不同功能膜层叠加实现多功能膜剂的开发[13-15]。因而基于TA膜剂的开发需求,我们提出基于涂布法,开发出一种“三明治”式的TA口腔膜剂。该膜剂由背衬层、缓释层和黏附层3层组成。其中,背衬层主要以乙基纤维素(ethyl cellulose, EC)为背衬材料,起支撑和保护作用;缓释层以羟丙基甲基纤维素(hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC)为主要缓释材料,通过HPMC的凝胶屏障等机制发挥缓释作用;黏附层主要以聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid, PAA)为生物黏附材料,通过PAA的生物黏附性发挥黏膜黏附作用。通过处方摸索,制备的膜剂具有良好的黏附性、机械强度,厚度为100 μm左右,使用舒适且能够长久起效。此外,我们以市售的Taisho®膜剂为对照,发现研制的“三明治”式口腔膜剂与Taisho®具有较好的质量一致性。因此,该工艺可以为以TA为代表的口腔膜剂的开发提供一种新的思路。
ME104E电子天平[梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司];MS-H280-Pro 磁力搅拌器(Scilogex);MPLR-702恒温水浴锅(金坛市大地自动化仪器厂);ZRS-6G溶出试验仪(天津天大天发科技有限公司);SHZ-DC(Ⅲ)循环水多用真空泵(南京贝帝实验仪器有限公司);DGA-20A3R型高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司);PB-10型pH计(北京赛多利斯);MSK-AFA-ⅢD小型流延自动烘干涂膜机(沈阳科晶自动化设备有限公司)。ZB-2智能崩解仪(天津天大天发科技有限公司);数显测厚规(上海川陆量具有限公司);NK-10指针式推拉力计(乐清市艾德堡仪器有限公司)。
TA(浙江仙琚制药有限公司);EC(亚什兰公司);HPMC(上海卡乐康包衣技术有限公司);磷酸氢二钾(KH2PO4)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)、蓖麻油(castor oil)、枸橼酸三乙酯(TEC)、PAA、胭脂红(carmine)(上海麦克林生化科技有限公司)。
TA口腔膜剂分为3层,即黏附层、缓释层和背衬层。3层均通过涂布法制备。具体的制备工艺如下。
将EC分散于乙醇中使用磁力搅拌器搅拌溶胀,加入增塑剂TEC、胭脂红和蓖麻油混合均匀后静置消除气泡得到背衬层溶液。使用流延机将上述溶液涂布于表面温度为40 ℃的锡纸上,于40 ℃继续干燥除去乙醇。其中EC的浓度影响背衬层的厚度、均匀性和脱膜性能,增塑剂用量影响背衬层的机械强度。为了优化背衬层中EC的浓度和增塑剂用量,使用不同浓度的EC (50 、70和100 mg·mL-1)和增塑剂制备背衬层,见表1。以背衬层的外观、脱膜性能、厚度、耐折度和质量差异等为考察指标,筛选出制备背衬层的处方组成。
使用磁力搅拌器在连续搅拌下将HPMC和PAA分散在水中,加入TEC作为增塑剂并加入TA混合均匀,静置除去气泡后使用流延机涂布于表面温度为50 ℃已干燥的背衬层上,于50 ℃干燥除去溶剂。缓释层中HPMC和PAA的用量在药物释放和成膜中起着关键作用。为了优化HPMC和PAA的用量,使用不同浓度和比例的HPMC和PAA制备缓释层,见表2。以缓释层的外观、脱膜性、厚度和质量差异等为考察指标,筛选出制备缓释层的处方组成。
将HPMC分散于体积分数60%乙醇中使用磁力搅拌器搅拌溶胀,加入TiO2混合均匀。另取PAA加入体积分数60%乙醇溶液搅拌溶胀备用。将HPMC溶液与PAA混合并加入TEC,静置除去气泡后使用流延机涂布于表面温度为50 ℃已干燥的缓释层上,于50 ℃干燥除去溶剂。其中TiO2作为避光剂。黏附层聚合物的选择及其浓度在成膜和黏附中起着关键作用。为了优化聚合物的浓度,通过使用不同浓度的HPMC、PAA和TEC制备黏膜黏附层,见表3。以黏附层的外观、脱膜性、厚度、质量差异和黏附时间等为考察指标,筛选出制备黏附层的处方组成。
通过上述方法优选各层处方并进行最终处方的制备。将背衬层涂布于锡纸上,真空吸附下40 ℃干燥。将缓释层涂布于背衬层上,于50 ℃干燥除去溶剂后继续涂布黏附层于50 ℃干燥,裁剪至适宜大小即得。
参照2020年版《中国药典》四部通则<0125膜剂>检测项下规定:膜剂在外观上应完整光洁厚度一致,色泽均匀无明显气泡韧性、质感良好且易于脱膜。以目视检查薄膜的外观。
裁剪膜剂的不同部位使用测厚规测量其厚度。采用精密电子天平称量质量,并参照2020年版《中国药典》四部通则<0125膜剂>检测项下测量其质量差异。
将膜剂剪碎置于50 mL量瓶中,加入50 mL体积分数60%甲醇溶液超声溶解,取上述溶液过0.45 μm滤膜过滤。通过绘制TA的标准曲线,使用HPLC测定薄膜中药物含量[16]。其中色谱条件为:使用Hanbon Sci C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱;柱温35 ℃;甲醇(A)-水(B)=52∶48作为流动相进行梯度洗脱;检测波长为239 nm。
为了确保膜剂在制造、包装和搬运过程中的完整性,要求膜剂具有一定的机械强度。可通过3个指标进行膜剂机械性能的衡量:抗张强度、伸长率和耐折度。本研究中取制备的口腔膜剂的不同部位,沿同一个折痕180°翻折直至断裂或到达最大翻折次数(300次),并记录翻折次数[16-17]
取制备的TA口腔膜剂置于称量瓶中,加入5 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=6.8),在特定时间点取出膜剂使用滤纸除去表面水分后测定膜剂的质量。使用公式1计算膜剂溶胀指数[16]
溶胀指数(%)= ( m 2 - m 0 ) m 1×100%
式中,m1为溶胀前试样的质量;m2为称量瓶加溶胀试样的总质量;m0为称量瓶的质量。
使用改良的崩解仪测定膜剂黏附时间以模拟膜剂在口腔中的状态。将崩解仪的吊篮改装为载玻片,装置示意图见图1。将离体的小鼠大肠段固定于载玻片上,膜剂润湿后黏附于小鼠大肠黏膜上轻压30 s。将膜剂浸于介质中(pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液900 mL),通过磷酸盐缓冲液和崩解仪升降臂的上下运动模拟膜剂在口腔中被唾液和舌头冲刷干扰的过程。观察并记录膜剂在崩解仪中上下运动过程中脱落的时间以此代表膜剂的黏附时间[18-21]
使用拉力计考察膜剂黏附力[19]。将大肠黏膜固定于拉力计一端,将膜剂固定于实验台面上,使用磷酸盐缓冲液润湿膜剂并与大肠黏膜接触按压30 s,缓慢拉动拉力计,观察并记录膜剂与黏膜表面脱离所使用的拉力即为膜剂的黏附力。
参考相关文献[18,21-22]中膜剂的体外释放度考察方法,采用2020年版《中国药典》四部通则<0931>溶出度与释放度测定法中第四法浆碟法,并对实验方法进行了优化,对膜剂进行体外释放度考察(溶出装置示意图见图2)。将膜剂固定于定制的网碟中,以100 mL磷酸盐缓冲液为介质,转速设为100 r·min-1,于0.5、1、1.5、2、4、6和8 h取样1 mL过0.45 μm滤膜,随后补给同体积等温的新鲜介质。续滤液采用HPLC检测其释放度。
采用非模型依赖法中的相似因子(f2)对比TA口腔膜剂与Taisho®释放曲线之间的相似性[23]。按公式2计算f2
f2=50×lg 1 + ( 1 n ) t = 1 n ( R t - T t ) 2 - 0.5 × 100
其中n为取样时间点个数,Rt为参比样品在t时刻的释放度,Tt为实验批次在t时刻的释放度。f2值范围为0~100,当50≤f2≤100时可以认为两者相似,无显著差异,且f2值越大相似程度越高。
背衬层可为膜剂提供支撑和保护,因此应该具有一定的机械强度即耐折度。EC的浓度影响膜剂的脱膜性能和膜剂厚度等。EC的浓度过低,则脱膜性能较差,膜剂整体较薄。当EC质量浓度为100 mg·mL-1时膜剂的脱膜性能较好厚度适中。增塑剂的用量过低膜剂机械强度较差,这是由于小分子增塑剂进入聚合物链之间,减弱聚合物分子间的相互作用,提高膜剂柔韧性和机械性能。可通过增加增塑剂含量,来提高薄膜的柔韧性和机械性能[24]。TEC和蓖麻油的用量均为13 mg·mL-1时膜剂具有较好的耐折度和柔韧度(表4)。因此,选择RX 4作为背衬层的处方。
HPMC是纤维素类高分子聚合物,在适宜浓度下具有较好的延展性和成膜性能。且具有高羟丙基/甲氧基比率的HPMC可以建立凝胶屏障用于药物缓释,被广泛应用于口腔膜剂的制备[25-26]。此外,HPMC与PAA等聚丙烯酸类聚合物有较好的相容性。通过优化聚合物浓度和增塑剂用量形成均匀、机械强度较好的缓释层。结果显示(表5),上述缓释层处方均有较好的外观和均匀度。随HPMC含量的增加,口腔膜剂厚度增加,脱膜性较好。其中,HPMC和PAA的质量浓度分别为67和7 mg·mL-1,TEC用量为13 mg·mL-1时的膜剂具有较好的外观、均匀度和耐折度。因此,选择RX 11作为缓释层的处方。
本研究通过优化HPMC和PAA浓度和增塑剂用量以形成均匀、黏附性较好的黏附层,见表6。通过测量膜的厚度、均匀性、耐折度和黏附性来选择聚合物浓度和增塑剂用量。PAA是一种合成高相对分子质量聚合物,具有快速、高稳定的溶胀性和良好的黏性。但是PAA具有良好的水溶性,导致其较快溶胀溶蚀限制其黏附性能[27]。研究表明2种聚合物的混合物可提供高黏着力、高黏度和铺展性好的凝胶基质[28]。HPMC和PAA两者联用可以增强膜剂黏附性能。
以“2.3.1”项下黏附性检测方法分别考察RX 12-17的黏附时间和黏附力。结果见图3。PAA具有较好的黏附性常用作生物黏附材料。因此,随PAA含量增加膜剂黏附力和黏附时间增大。但PAA亲水性较强导致膜剂易被溶蚀所以RX 12黏附时间较短。此外,为了提高膜剂的机械性能,加入TEC作为增塑剂。研究发现,当TEC用量过高时膜剂表面有大量油质浸出,推测可能的原因是TEC为疏水性物质,用量过多时与成膜材料相容性较差。且TEC用量过高时部分浸出导致膜剂黏附性降低。但TEC用量过低时膜剂机械性能较差较脆易碎。因此,当黏附层中HPMC和PAA的质量浓度为24和8 mg·mL-1,TEC用量为1 mg·mL-1时膜剂外观、厚度、均匀性和黏附性等较好。
研究表明溶胀影响膜剂的黏附性和释放度,膜剂要有适当的溶胀速率。以“2.2.5”项下溶胀指数考察方法分别考察RX 12-17的溶胀指数。在pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲溶液中观察到膜剂的溶胀指数见图4。溶胀实验结果表明,PAA含量越高,膜剂的溶胀率越大,这是由于PAA羧基链之间的排斥而导致水分子容易进入分子间,溶胀率增大。溶胀率越大表明膜剂口腔黏膜的黏附时间越短,在口腔中的滞留时间减少[29]。HPMC可与PAA的相互作用降低了PAA分子间排斥。膜剂溶胀率随HPMC比例的增加而降低。膜剂要有适当的溶胀速率,须控制PAA在处方中的比例。
增塑剂通过改变聚合物的三维结构导致膜剂溶胀差异。小分子增塑剂填充到聚合物分子间并减少聚合物链之间的相互作用,从而增加聚合物的韧性和流动性。如Vieira等[30]所述,高浓度的亲水性增塑剂(如甘油)可以使水扩散到聚合物中。在这种情况下,增塑剂扩大了聚合物链之间的空间,允许更多水分子进入,从而产生更高的溶胀性。相反,疏水性增塑剂TEC可以减少膜剂的吸水性,导致的溶胀率降低[24,31]。所以随TEC用量的增加膜剂溶胀性指数有变小趋势。综上所述,最终选择RX 15作为黏附层的处方。
使用优化的背衬层(RX 4)、缓释层(RX 11)和黏附层(RX 15),按照“2.1.4”项下制备TA口腔膜剂。为了使用方便,将制备的TA口腔膜剂裁剪成直径为1 cm的圆形,膜剂实物图和结构图见图5。将膜剂密封保存并储存于气密玻璃容器中,防止膜剂吸潮并保持膜剂的完整性和弹性。
对优化的TA口腔膜剂和Taisho®按“2.2.1”到“2.2.4”项下方法进行表征。结果见表7,TA口腔膜剂具有一定的透明度,表面光滑平整。理想的口腔黏膜膜剂厚度在50~100 μm[18],TA口腔膜剂和Taisho®厚度均在此范围内。膜剂质量差异反映膜剂的均一度和批次之间的差异程度,影响药物含量均匀度、释放和黏附性。其中处方TA口腔膜剂和Taisho®均满足2020年版《中国药典》四部通则<0125膜剂>检测项下的质量差异中规定,即质量在“0.02 g及0.02 g以下”范围内,质量差异限度应在15%以内。耐折度测试结果表明,膜剂具有较好的机械强度[17]。以“2.2.3”项下含量测定方法所测处方TA口腔膜剂和Taisho®的药物含量,以Taisho®规定的药物含量25 μg为标示量,TA口腔膜剂和Taisho®的药物含量分别为96.0%和96.4%。
在上述研究的基础上,以“2.3.2”项下体外释放度考察方法分别考察TA口腔膜剂与Taisho®的释放曲线,TA口腔膜剂与Taisho®的体外释放结果进行对比,结果见图6。TA口腔膜剂和Taisho®在0.5 h释放度分别为50%和36%,2 h释放度分别为73%和68%,且两者的f2为54.25可认为与Taisho®的释放行为一致。
本实验建立了TA的含量测定及释放度检测的分析方法,采用涂布法制备了具有3层结构的TA口腔膜剂,分别为背衬层、缓释层和黏附层。并分别优化了各层处方,制备所得TA口腔膜剂厚度、质量、含量均一性、耐折度等物理特性与市售制剂Taisho®相似。离体小鼠肠黏膜黏附性实验表明该膜剂有较好的黏附性,体外黏附时间长达8 h。对比TA口腔膜剂与市售制剂的体外释放行为,两者f2为54.25,可认为该膜剂与市售制剂释放行为一致的。本研究通过涂布法,经不同功能膜层叠加,制备了一种“三明治”式的TA口腔膜剂。该膜剂工艺简单,生产流程短,具有较大的产业化优势。可以为以TA为代表的口腔膜剂的开发提供一种新的思路。
  • 贵州省科技计划项目资助(黔中科引地〔2022〕4017)
  • 贵州省教育厅服务“四新”“四化”科技攻关项目资助(黔教技〔2022〕004号)
  • 中华中医药学会青年人才托举工程(CCAM-(2023-QNRC2-B14))
  • 贵州医科大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目资助(校博合J字〔2023〕011号)
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2024年第59卷第9期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.005
  • 接收时间:2022-12-21
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-05-08
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-21
基金
贵州省科技计划项目资助(黔中科引地〔2022〕4017)
贵州省教育厅服务“四新”“四化”科技攻关项目资助(黔教技〔2022〕004号)
中华中医药学会青年人才托举工程(CCAM-(2023-QNRC2-B14))
贵州医科大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目资助(校博合J字〔2023〕011号)
作者信息
    1 贵州医科大学药学院, 贵阳 550004
    2 贵州省化学合成药物研发利用工程技术研究中心, 贵州医科大学, 贵阳 550004

通讯作者:

*汤磊,男,博士,博士生导师,教授 研究方向:药物研发设计、合成与药动学 Tel:(0851)86908318;
王建塔,男,硕士生导师,正高级实验师 研究方向:抗2型糖尿病药物的研究及化学药合成工艺开发 Tel:(0851)82276953
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/10.11669/cpj.2024.09.005
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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