Article(id=1199703586918728099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)01-0071-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.01.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715702400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763961224536, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763961224536, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763961224536, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763961224536, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199703581889753882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='104', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763961223337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763967062652, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199728073798157161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199728073798157162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=71, endPage=76, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199703587950526895, articleId=1199703586918728099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Determination of Adalimumab in Human Plasma by Immuno-Affinity Enrichment and UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish an efficient method for quantification of adalimumab in human plasma based on UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS platform combined with immuno-affinity enrichment strategy. METHODS Candidate surrogate peptides were screened by full MS/ddMS2 and the selective surrogate peptide was quantitatively analyzed by parallel reaction monitoring. Immunoglobulins and therapeutic antibodies in human plasma were extracted by magnetic beads coupled with protein A. The proteins were denatured at high temperature and digested by trypsin. Stable-isotope labeled adalimumab was used as internal standard. RESULTS The peptide GLEWVSAITWNSGHIDYADSVEGR in variable region of adalimumab heavy chain was selected as signature peptide, showing specificity and selectivity. Adalimumab demonstrated good correlation within the range of 1-32 μg·mL-1. Precision, accuracy and total error all met the verification requirements. Thirty-one clinical samples had measurable adalimumab concentrations by the established method and ELISA method, yielding a good correlation. The mean of difference between the two methods was 0.5 μg·mL-1. CONCLUSION The universal immuno-affinity mass spectrometry method established in the study is suitable for quantification of therapeutic antibodies, and can accurately and precisely determine adalimumab concentration, which provides a strategy for clinical monitoring.

, correspAuthors=Liyan MIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaoliang DING, Shengxiong ZHU, Linsheng LIU, Xiaoxue LIU, Liyan MIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199703589053628914, articleId=1199703586918728099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=免疫亲和富集-超高效液相色谱-质谱法检测人血浆中阿达木单抗浓度, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电轨道阱-高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS)平台联合免疫亲和富集策略建立一种高效的阿达木单抗血药浓度定量分析方法。方法 采用高分辨质谱的全扫描/二级离子扫描模式筛选候选特征肽,采用平行反应监测模式对特征肽进行定量分析;前处理采用蛋白A免疫磁珠捕获人血浆中免疫球蛋白和治疗性抗体,蛋白经高温变性和胰酶酶解成多肽后通过质谱分析;采用同位素标记的阿达木单抗作为内标。结果 筛选得到位于阿达木单抗重链可变区GLEWVSAITWNSGHIDYADSVEGR肽段具有较好的特异性和选择性,可作为阿达木单抗定量分析的特征肽段。阿达木单抗在1~32 μg·mL-1内呈良好的线性关系,精密度、准确度和总误差均符合验证要求。31个临床真实样本同时采用该质谱方法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测,Passing-Bablok回归显示两种方法检测结果相关性较好,两种方法的浓度差均值为0.5 μg·mL-1结论 本研究建立了一种可用于抗体药物定量分析的通用型免疫亲和质谱方法,阿达木单抗血药浓度的质谱方法经验证可适用于临床样本检测。

, correspAuthors=缪丽燕, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*缪丽燕,女,博士,教授,主任药师,博士生导师 研究方向:临床个体化给药 Tel:(0512)67972858
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丁肖梁,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药理学

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丁肖梁,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药理学

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Anal Biochem, 2018, 540-541:30-37., articleTitle=Antibody drug quantitation in coexistence with anti-drug antibodies on nSMOL bioanalysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199727464734879999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703586918728099, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=8, issue=24, pageStart=2565, pageEnd=2579, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=EWLES M, MANNU R, FOX C, journalName=Bioanalysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EWLES M, MANNU R, FOX C, et al. LC-MS/MS strategies for therapeutic antibodies and investigation into the quantitative impact of antidrug-antibodies[J]. 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Accuracy, precision and total error of adalimumab at different concentration levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Statistic
indicators
LLQC LQC MQC HQC
1 μg·mL-1 3 μg·mL-1 12 μg·mL-1 24 μg·mL-1
Batch 1 1.027 2.780 11.063 23.120
1.008 2.724 11.555 23.507
0.929 2.633 11.225 23.352
0.960 2.814 10.707 22.994
1.037 2.969 10.814 24.558
Ave/μg·mL-1 0.99 2.78 11.07 23.51
CV/% 4.65 4.46 3.05 2.64
RE/% -0.78 -7.20 -7.73 -2.06
(CV+|RE|)/% 5.43 11.66 10.78 4.70
Batch 2 1.099 2.932 11.188 23.772
1.013 2.911 11.275 23.323
1.037 2.544 10.602 24.286
0.983 2.588 10.573 21.720
1.050 2.755 10.383 23.268
Ave/μg·mL-1 1.04 2.75 10.80 23.27
CV/% 4.18 6.51 3.70 4.13
RE/% 3.64 -8.47 -9.97 -3.03
(CV+|RE|)/% 7.82 14.97 13.67 7.15
Batch 3 0.900 3.503 13.030 20.474
0.795 2.377 9.926 28.980
0.815 2.405 13.971 28.530
0.782 2.876 12.835 20.387
0.837 2.940 12.396 20.483
Ave/μg·mL-1 0.83 2.82 12.43 23.77
CV/% 5.62 16.37 12.18 19.15
RE/% -17.42 -5.99 3.60 -0.95
(CV+|RE|)/% 23.04 22.36 15.78 20.11
Inter run Ave/μg·mL-1 0.95 2.78 11.44 23.52
Inter run CV/% 10.80 9.86 9.88 10.71
Inter run RE/% -4.85 -7.22 -4.70 -2.01
Inter run(CV+|RE|)/% 15.66 17.08 14.58 12.72
), ArticleFig(id=1199727461366853810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703586918728099, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

阿达木单抗在不同浓度水平准确度和精密度以及总误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Statistic
indicators
LLQC LQC MQC HQC
1 μg·mL-1 3 μg·mL-1 12 μg·mL-1 24 μg·mL-1
Batch 1 1.027 2.780 11.063 23.120
1.008 2.724 11.555 23.507
0.929 2.633 11.225 23.352
0.960 2.814 10.707 22.994
1.037 2.969 10.814 24.558
Ave/μg·mL-1 0.99 2.78 11.07 23.51
CV/% 4.65 4.46 3.05 2.64
RE/% -0.78 -7.20 -7.73 -2.06
(CV+|RE|)/% 5.43 11.66 10.78 4.70
Batch 2 1.099 2.932 11.188 23.772
1.013 2.911 11.275 23.323
1.037 2.544 10.602 24.286
0.983 2.588 10.573 21.720
1.050 2.755 10.383 23.268
Ave/μg·mL-1 1.04 2.75 10.80 23.27
CV/% 4.18 6.51 3.70 4.13
RE/% 3.64 -8.47 -9.97 -3.03
(CV+|RE|)/% 7.82 14.97 13.67 7.15
Batch 3 0.900 3.503 13.030 20.474
0.795 2.377 9.926 28.980
0.815 2.405 13.971 28.530
0.782 2.876 12.835 20.387
0.837 2.940 12.396 20.483
Ave/μg·mL-1 0.83 2.82 12.43 23.77
CV/% 5.62 16.37 12.18 19.15
RE/% -17.42 -5.99 3.60 -0.95
(CV+|RE|)/% 23.04 22.36 15.78 20.11
Inter run Ave/μg·mL-1 0.95 2.78 11.44 23.52
Inter run CV/% 10.80 9.86 9.88 10.71
Inter run RE/% -4.85 -7.22 -4.70 -2.01
Inter run(CV+|RE|)/% 15.66 17.08 14.58 12.72
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免疫亲和富集-超高效液相色谱-质谱法检测人血浆中阿达木单抗浓度
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丁肖梁 1, 2 , 朱圣雄 1, 2 , 刘林生 1, 2 , 刘筱雪 1, 2 , 缪丽燕 1, 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(1): 71-76
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(1): 71-76
免疫亲和富集-超高效液相色谱-质谱法检测人血浆中阿达木单抗浓度
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丁肖梁1, 2, 朱圣雄1, 2, 刘林生1, 2, 刘筱雪1, 2, 缪丽燕1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 苏州大学附属第一医院药学部, 江苏 苏州 215006
  • 2 苏州大学药物研究与转化交叉研究所, 江苏 苏州 215006
  • 丁肖梁,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药理学

通讯作者:

*缪丽燕,女,博士,教授,主任药师,博士生导师 研究方向:临床个体化给药 Tel:(0512)67972858
Determination of Adalimumab in Human Plasma by Immuno-Affinity Enrichment and UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS
Xiaoliang DING1, 2, Shengxiong ZHU1, 2, Linsheng LIU1, 2, Xiaoxue LIU1, 2, Liyan MIAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006,China
  • 2 Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.009
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目的 基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电轨道阱-高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS)平台联合免疫亲和富集策略建立一种高效的阿达木单抗血药浓度定量分析方法。方法 采用高分辨质谱的全扫描/二级离子扫描模式筛选候选特征肽,采用平行反应监测模式对特征肽进行定量分析;前处理采用蛋白A免疫磁珠捕获人血浆中免疫球蛋白和治疗性抗体,蛋白经高温变性和胰酶酶解成多肽后通过质谱分析;采用同位素标记的阿达木单抗作为内标。结果 筛选得到位于阿达木单抗重链可变区GLEWVSAITWNSGHIDYADSVEGR肽段具有较好的特异性和选择性,可作为阿达木单抗定量分析的特征肽段。阿达木单抗在1~32 μg·mL-1内呈良好的线性关系,精密度、准确度和总误差均符合验证要求。31个临床真实样本同时采用该质谱方法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测,Passing-Bablok回归显示两种方法检测结果相关性较好,两种方法的浓度差均值为0.5 μg·mL-1结论 本研究建立了一种可用于抗体药物定量分析的通用型免疫亲和质谱方法,阿达木单抗血药浓度的质谱方法经验证可适用于临床样本检测。

阿达木单抗  /  质谱  /  治疗药物监测

OBJECTIVE To establish an efficient method for quantification of adalimumab in human plasma based on UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS platform combined with immuno-affinity enrichment strategy. METHODS Candidate surrogate peptides were screened by full MS/ddMS2 and the selective surrogate peptide was quantitatively analyzed by parallel reaction monitoring. Immunoglobulins and therapeutic antibodies in human plasma were extracted by magnetic beads coupled with protein A. The proteins were denatured at high temperature and digested by trypsin. Stable-isotope labeled adalimumab was used as internal standard. RESULTS The peptide GLEWVSAITWNSGHIDYADSVEGR in variable region of adalimumab heavy chain was selected as signature peptide, showing specificity and selectivity. Adalimumab demonstrated good correlation within the range of 1-32 μg·mL-1. Precision, accuracy and total error all met the verification requirements. Thirty-one clinical samples had measurable adalimumab concentrations by the established method and ELISA method, yielding a good correlation. The mean of difference between the two methods was 0.5 μg·mL-1. CONCLUSION The universal immuno-affinity mass spectrometry method established in the study is suitable for quantification of therapeutic antibodies, and can accurately and precisely determine adalimumab concentration, which provides a strategy for clinical monitoring.

adalimumab  /  mass spectrum  /  therapeutic drug monitoring
丁肖梁, 朱圣雄, 刘林生, 刘筱雪, 缪丽燕. 免疫亲和富集-超高效液相色谱-质谱法检测人血浆中阿达木单抗浓度. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (1) : 71 -76 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.009
Xiaoliang DING, Shengxiong ZHU, Linsheng LIU, Xiaoxue LIU, Liyan MIAO. Determination of Adalimumab in Human Plasma by Immuno-Affinity Enrichment and UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (1) : 71 -76 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.009
治疗性单克隆抗体是当前生物药物中最重要的一大类药物,已经成为临床治疗的重要手段,尤其在抗肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病治疗中发挥了重要的作用[1]。修美乐(阿达木单抗)和免疫检查点抑制剂可瑞达(帕博利珠单抗)年销售额都突破了200亿美元。随着临床应用越来越广泛,单抗药物治疗后出现疗效丢失或疾病进展得到了广泛的关注,这与血药浓度有着紧密的联系,比如:阿达木单抗已在多种炎症性疾病中被证实其血药浓度丢失与应答丢失密切相关[2-4],免疫检查点抑制剂阿替利珠单抗治疗肝细胞癌的临床队列中观察到药物浓度不充分伴随了更低的应答率和更差的无进展生存期[5]。肿瘤坏死因子α抑制剂进行治疗药物监测(therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM)得到了指南推荐[6-8],通过血药浓度可有效识别患者应答丢失的原因和后续治疗决策。
酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)是最常用的抗体药物定量分析方法,通过抗原抗体结合和酶催化反应来检测目标分析物的浓度,需要特异性的识别抗体才能保证方法的特异性和抗干扰能力,因此ELISA方法开发过于依赖关键试剂,针对单个药物的检测均需要进行关键试剂的筛选,方法的开发周期较长。质谱法作为小分子药物定量分析的金标准,在蛋白类药物定量分析中已展现出特有的优势。质谱法定量分析单抗浓度主要是通过监测单抗药物经酶解后的特征肽,肽段具有更好的质谱兼容性,可确保分析方法的特异性和灵敏度。当前已报道了多种质谱法用于单抗药物定量分析的检测方案[9-10]。单抗药物的质谱方法开发对于技术要求仍然较高,包括酶解前处理方案优化、特征肽选择和质谱方法优化等环节。因此,本研究以阿达木单抗作为研究对象,采用IgG免疫亲和纯化策略,并联合超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电轨道阱-高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS)平台,旨在建立一种高效的通用型实验方案用于单抗药物的定量分析。
Q ExactiveTM Plus 组合型四极杆 OrbitrapTM质谱仪(美国ThermoFisher公司),Vanquish超高效液相色谱仪(美国ThermoFisher公司),ACQUITY UPLC® Peptide BEH C18色谱柱(美国Waters公司),XS105电子分析天平(瑞士Mettler Toledo公司),金属恒温混匀仪(型号:TS100,杭州瑞诚仪器),微孔板恒温振荡器(型号:BE-9008,海门市其林贝尔公司),磁性分离器(苏州海狸生物公司)。
阿达木单抗(修美乐,美国AbbVie公司),SILuTM MAb Adalimumab Stable-Isotope Labeled Monoclonal Antibody(SIL-ADL,MSQC11,美国Sigma-Aldrich公司),阿达木单抗独特型抗体(产品号:A01954,江苏金斯瑞生物公司),SMART DigestTM胰蛋白酶试剂盒(60109-103,美国ThermoFisher公司),胰蛋白酶(产品号:V5117,美国Promega公司),蛋白A琼脂糖磁珠(产品号:70814,苏州海狸生物公司),磷酸盐缓冲液(上海生工生物公司),碳酸氢铵(美国Sigma-Aldrich公司)。
流动相A为含体积分数0.1%甲酸的超纯水,流动相B为含体积分数0.1%甲酸的乙腈,流速为0.35 mL·min-1,柱温箱温度为60 ℃,进样器温度为4 ℃,进样体积5 μL,洗脱程序为:0~2 min,5% B;2~8 min,5%→20% B;8~11 min,20%→38% B;11~13 min,38%→90% B;13~15 min,90% B;15~16 min,90%→5% B;16~18 min,5% B。
电喷雾离子源正离子模式,肽图分析扫描方式为全扫描/二级离子扫描(Full MS/ddMS2),定量分析扫描方式为平行反应监测模式(parallel reaction monitoring, PRM),喷雾电压为3 800 V,翘气流速为30,辅助气流速为15,离子传输管温度为320,辅助气加热温度为350 ℃,碰撞能量为23(肽图分析)和27(定量分析)。定量特征肽段母离子和子离子分别888.42和1 039.98,内标肽段母离子和子离子分别为891.76和1 044.99。
用磷酸盐缓冲液稀释阿达木单抗注射液至质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1的储备液,用人空白混合血浆稀释储备液得到校正标样和质控样品,校正标样质量浓度依次为:0.5(锚定点)、1、2、4、8、16、32 μg·mL-1,质控样品质量浓度分别为:1 μg·mL-1定量下限(lower limit of quantification,LLOQ)、3 μg·mL-1低质控(low quality control,LQC)、12 μg·mL-1中质控(medium quality control,MQC)和24 μg·mL-1高质控(high quality control,HQC)。
采用适量体积分数0.1%甲酸溶液溶解内标冻干粉,配置成200 μg·mL-1内标储备液于-80 ℃冻存;实验当天用超纯水稀释至5 μg·mL-1的内标工作液。
精密吸取40 μL血浆样品或校正标样至深孔板中,每孔加入360 μL乙酸溶液(300 mmol·L-1),混匀震荡30 min后依次加入96 μL Tris缓冲液(1.5 mol·L-1,pH=9.6)、20 μL内标溶液和35 μL蛋白A磁珠,37 ℃混匀震荡1 h;采用600 μL超纯水清洗磁珠3次,80 μL碳酸氢铵溶液(50 mmol·L-1)重悬磁珠后转移至耐高温孔板中,80 ℃ 1 400 r·min-1震荡混匀加热30 min;待恢复室温后加入10 μL胰酶,60 ℃ 1 400 r·min-1震荡混匀加热反应6 h;反应结束后磁性分离取上清65 μL,加入7 μL 体积分数10%甲酸终止反应,吸取适量溶液于进样小瓶中待测。
参照《生物样品定量分析方法指导原则》和行业白皮书的要求[11],对方法进行验证。验证条目包括:特异性与选择性、标准曲线与定量范围、精密度与准确度和基质效应。
收集接受阿达木单抗治疗的强直性脊柱炎患者,采集共31份血样。EDTA抗凝管采集患者静脉血1~2 mL,1 500×g离心10 min,取上清血浆冻存。研究经苏州大学附属第一医院伦理委员会批准(2021伦审批第078-1号),患者均被充分告知并签署知情同意书。
开发质谱方法检测单抗药物的关键之一在于选择合适的定量特征肽。阿达木单抗经酶解后产生多肽混合物,相比于小分子药物的质谱方法开发策略要复杂。采用UPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap MS的Full MS/dd-MS2模式可以实现肽段混合物的分离和鉴定,得到质谱肽图。通过BioPharma FinderTM软件进行肽图分析与肽段归属匹配,轻链覆盖度为 68.2%,重链覆盖度为 77.1%。以文献中常用的阿达木单抗特征肽APYTFGQGTK(APY肽段)为例(图1)[12],肽段归属后可获得该肽段的序列信息、带电荷数以及子离子信息。选择4条位于互补决定区的无修饰肽段进行后续方法开发,肽段信息如下:APYTFGQGTK(APY肽段,轻链A94-K103,M/Z:535.268 9),LLIYAASTLQSGVPSR(轻链L46-R61,M/Z:559.318 2),GLEWVSAITWNSGHIDYADSVEGR(GLE肽段,重链G44-R67,M/Z:888.418 3),VSYLSTASSLDYWGQGTLVTVSSASTK(重链V99-K125,M/Z:937.135 3)。针对候选特征肽,可直接转换PRM模式优化碰撞能量参数建立质谱检测方法,其中APY肽段和GLE肽段具有较稳定的质谱信号。方法专属性实验中发现人空白血浆在APY肽段通道中出现了干扰信号,从而限制了检测灵敏度。GLE肽段具有较好的特异性,进入后续开发和验证。
酶解前处理是获得肽段的关键。为了尽可能简化前处理操作和实现方法普适性,选择蛋白A磁珠亲和富集人血浆中IgG。考察磁珠环境下直接酶解相比于捕获洗脱后酶解具有更高和更稳定的回收率。为了实现蛋白充分酶解,本研究对比了磁珠富集后蛋白直接酶解、还原烷基化处理后酶解以及高温变性后酶解等方式,结果显示磁珠富集后经高温(80 ℃,30 min,1 400 r·min-1震荡)变性后酶解(60 ℃,6 h,1 400 r·min-1震荡)可获得较高的质谱信号。采用较低的酶量(1 μg)可实现预期的检测灵敏度。考察样本中抗药抗体对阿达木单抗检测的影响,添加相同浓度的抗药抗体不会影响药物浓度检测,5倍于药物浓度的抗药抗体会抑制约30%的信号,通过乙酸酸解处理可去除抗药抗体干扰。
选择6个不同个体的空白血浆样品经处理后分析,在GLE肽段及内标离子通道均无法提取到色谱峰。采用个体的空白血浆配制LLOQ样品经处理后分析可提取色谱图,出峰时间为12.07 min,峰形良好,无干扰,仅有1份血浆配制的LLOQ样品检查偏差超过25%。图2为典型色谱图。
以校正标样理论浓度为横坐标,以特征肽与内标肽峰面积之比为纵坐标作图,采用最小二乘法进行线性回归(1/y加权)。结果显示阿达木单抗在1~32 μg·mL-1浓度内呈现较好的线性关系(r2 > 0.99),各个浓度样本的偏差在-12.16%~19.38%之间。
分别配制各浓度水平的质控样品,包含4个浓度水平,每个水平重复5次,在不同天内进行3个分析批实验,各个水平质控样品的批内批间精密度、准确度以及总误差结果见表1
用6个不同来源的人血浆或磷酸盐缓冲液为基质分别配制浓度为LQC和HQC的质控样品,每个浓度每个基质各配制3个样本。人血浆基质样本与磷酸盐缓冲液样本的特征肽峰面积的比值评价基质效应。人血浆中阿达木单抗LQC基质效应为94.37%,HQC基质效应为80.16%,变异系数(CV)分别为0.15%和11.73%。
采用本研究建立的质谱方法检测31个真实临床样本,样本同时采用自建ELISA方法检测[13],采用相同的阿达木单抗校正标样和质控样品。如图3所示,Passing-Bablok回归显示2种方法检测结果相关性较好,呈对角线两边均匀分布,未显示出明显的系统偏差,2种方法的质量浓度差均值为0.5 μg·mL-1(95%置信区间为-2.3~3.3 μg·mL-1)。
本研究建立了一种IgG免疫亲和富集前处理和高分辨质谱法用于检测人血浆中阿达木单抗浓度,方法稳健,操作简单,适用于生物样本分析。免疫亲和策略联合高分辨质谱可实现快速的定量分析方法开发,是一种高效的分析策略,在未获得关键试剂的情况下适用于IgG类型单抗药物的生物分析方法开发和应用。尽管已经在肽段水平进行分析,质谱定量分析蛋白质的检测灵敏度仍然难以匹敌免疫学检测模式,本研究检测灵敏度为1 μg·mL-1,不及ELISA方法,因此质谱对定量分析体内浓度较低的药物时则是一个挑战。
特征肽的选择是定量分析抗体药物的关键环节,往往考虑以下几个要素:①选择位于单抗药物互补决定区的肽段,保证分析方法的特异性;②尽可能避免易携带翻译后修饰的氨基酸和序列,保证分析方法的重复性;③序列长度合适,在质谱中具有较好的检测信号,保证分析方法的灵敏度。高分辨质谱在特征肽的开发和定量分析方法转化中展现出了优越性。Full MS/dd-MS2扫描模式属于传统的数据依赖采集(DDA),通过全扫描和丰度较高的母离子进行碎裂和二级离子扫描,全扫描和二级扫描匹配,数据易于分析和搜库比对。PRM技术利用了四级杆质量分析器的高选择性,监测候选肽段母离子信息,随后通过Orbitrap的高分辨率获得母离子的二级全扫描谱图,通过匹配离子对提取色谱峰定量分析待测物。综合采用高分辨质谱DDA模式开发候选特征肽段,以及PRM模式定量分析特征肽,流程简单,可大大地加快单抗药物定量分析质谱方法的开发。
阿达木单抗经免疫磁珠捕获后直接在磁珠中高温变性和酶切,该方法适用于IgG类型的单抗药物,联合质谱的多通道特点,可适用于多种药物的同时检测。前处理过程简单,磁性分离操作高效,可实现96孔板操作和半自动化,减少操作中的人为误差。相比于传统的蛋白沉淀富集和特异性结合试剂富集[14],IgG富集策略兼具了蛋白纯化特异性和方法通用性,同时也可减少还原烷基化处理过程。正向富集策略大大降低了基质复杂度,本研究未观察到血浆中富集待测物后影响质谱检测信号,不同基质之间变异性在可接受范围内。简便、通用型的操作过程也给内标的选择带来了一些获益。蛋白质定量分析的内标有多种选择,为了全程监控检测方法,同位素标记的蛋白药物是最佳选择,可充分地监控酶切过程、前处理过程和质谱分析过程,但可商品化获得的同位素标记蛋白药物较有限,其次价格也较高,同位素标记的特征肽或者其他的单抗药物均可以考虑用作内标[10]。单抗药物在循环中主要以游离形式存在,同时有部分以结合物的形式存在,比如与抗药抗体结合[15]。检出浓度是何种形式往往是根据纯化富集方式推测,以特异性结合试剂捕获认为检测到游离浓度,以IgG富集或是沉淀后酶解处理认为检测到总浓度。研究提出抗药抗体结合药物后会减弱药物的检出,采用酸解或是表面活性剂处理可克服干扰[16-17]
自建的质谱方法与自建ELISA方法呈现较好的相关性,两者之间的偏差不足以对临床决策造成困扰。因此,本研究建立了一种可靠的、通用型的质谱方法用于抗体药物的定量分析,阿达木单抗血药浓度的质谱方法经验证可适用于临床TDM。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目资助(82003857)
  • 苏州市姑苏卫生人才计划项目资助(GSWS2019001)
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.009
  • 接收时间:2024-05-15
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-15
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目资助(82003857)
苏州市姑苏卫生人才计划项目资助(GSWS2019001)
作者信息
    1 苏州大学附属第一医院药学部, 江苏 苏州 215006
    2 苏州大学药物研究与转化交叉研究所, 江苏 苏州 215006

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*缪丽燕,女,博士,教授,主任药师,博士生导师 研究方向:临床个体化给药 Tel:(0512)67972858
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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