Article(id=1199703585622688141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)01-0047-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.01.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718640000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763961224227, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763961224227, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763961224227, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763961224227, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199703581889753882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='104', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763961223337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763967062652, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199728073798157161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199728073798157162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=47, endPage=54, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199703586033729937, articleId=1199703585622688141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Low Molecular Weight Heparin Sodium Promotes Treg Cell Differentiation by Regulating the miR-33a-3p, S1PR1 Expression, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of low molecular weight heparin sodium on regulatory T cell(Treg) differentiation in rats with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss(URPL) by regulating the miR-33a-3p, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1) expression. METHODS Sixty female rats were randomly divided into blank control group(Control), negative control group(NC), URPL group, low molecular weight heparin sodium group(LMWH), and fingolimod(FTY720) group, with 12 rats in each group. On the 8th and 12st day of pregnancy, subcutaneous injection of anticardiolipin antibodies(ACA)-IgG into multiple parts of the back was used to induce rat URPL model. LMWH group and FTY720 group were administered on the basis of URPL group. On the 0th and 15th day of pregnancy, LMWH group rats were subcutaneously injected with low molecular weight heparin sodium(420 IU·kg-1), while FTY720 group rats were injected with FTY720(100 μg·kg-1) via tail vein, control group, NC group and URPL group rats were injected with an equal amount of physiological saline via the tail vein. After treatment, weigh the embryo and calculate the embryo absorption rate. HE staining was used to observe the pathology of placental tissue. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect interleukin(IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) levels in serum. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect miR-33a-3p, S1PR1, forkheadbox protein 3(FOXP3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4(CTLA-4), and glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor(GITR) mRNA and protein levels in placental tissue. Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of Treg cells in placental tissue. RESULTS The placental cells of rats in Control group and NC group were arranged neatly, and structure was clear. Compared with Control group, There was a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, cell proliferation, and edema in placental tissue in URPL group, embryo quality was reduced, embryo absorption rate was increased, IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels in serum were decreased, miR-33a-3p, FOXP3, CTLA-4, GITR mRNA and protein levels in placental tissue were decreased, S1PR1 mRNA and protein levels was increased, the number of Treg cells was decreased(P<0.05). Compared with URPL group, the pathological damage to the placental tissue in LMWH group and FTY720 group were significantly reduced, with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and edema visible, embryo quality was increased, embryo absorption rate was decreased, IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels in serum were increased, miR-33a-3p, FOXP3, CTLA-4, GITR mRNA and protein levels in placental tissue were increased, S1PR1 mRNA and protein levels was decreased, the number of Treg cells was increased(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the above indicators between LMWH group and FTY720 group(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Low molecular weight heparin sodium maybe promote Treg cells differentiation in URPL rats by regulating the miR-33a-3p, S1PR1 expression.

, correspAuthors=Li TAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xujing GENG, Genhong MAO, Yungai XIANG, Lijing WAN, Meng WANG, Ying ZHU, Li TAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199703588407706059, articleId=1199703585622688141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=低分子肝素钠调控miR-33a-3pS1PR1表达促进不明原因反复妊娠丢失大鼠Treg细胞分化, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究低分子肝素钠可否调控miR-33a-3p、1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体1(S1PR1)表达影响不明原因反复妊娠丢失(URPL)大鼠调节性T细胞(Treg)分化。方法 60只雌性大鼠随机分为空白对照组(Control)、阴性对照组(NC)、URPL组、低分子肝素钠组(LMWH)和芬戈莫德(FTY720)组,每组12只。妊娠第8天、第12天时,采用背部多部位皮下注射抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)-IgG诱导大鼠URPL模型;LMWH组、FTY720组在URPL组基础上给药。妊娠第0天至第15天,LMWH组大鼠皮下注射低分子肝素钠(420 IU·kg-1),FTY720组尾静脉注射FTY720(100 μg·kg-1),Control组、NC组、URPL组大鼠尾静脉注射等量生理盐水。治疗结束后,胚胎称重并计算胚胎吸收率;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察胎盘组织病理学;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清白介素(IL)-10、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)和蛋白印迹(Western blot)检测胎盘组织中miR-33a-3pS1PR1、叉头框蛋白P3(FOXP3)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(CTLA-4)、糖皮质激素诱导肿瘤坏死因子受体(GITR)mRNA和蛋白水平;流式细胞术检测胎盘组织中Treg细胞数量。结果 Control组、NC组大鼠胎盘细胞排列整齐、结构清晰;与Control组相比,URPL组胚胎质量减轻,胚胎吸收率升高,胎盘组织存在大量炎症细胞浸润、细胞增生和水肿,血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平降低,胎盘组织miR-33a-3pFOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA和蛋白水平降低,S1PR1 mRNA和蛋白水平升高,Treg细胞数量减少(P<0.05);与URPL组相比,LMWH组、FTY720组胚胎质量增加,胚胎吸收率降低,胎盘组织病理损伤明显减轻,可见少量炎症细胞浸润和水肿,血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平升高,胎盘组织miR-33a-3pFOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA和蛋白水平升高,S1PR1 mRNA和蛋白水平降低,Treg细胞数量增多(P<0.05);LMWH组、FTY720组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 低分子肝素钠可能通过调控miR-33a-3pS1PR1表达促进URPL大鼠Treg细胞分化。

, correspAuthors=谭丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*谭丽,女,博士,主任医师,教授 研究方向:生殖内分泌、复发性流产、反复着床失败 Tel:(0371)639741718
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耿旭景,女,博士,副主任医师 研究方向:生殖内分泌、复发性流产

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Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2017, 21(1):108-114., articleTitle=miR-542-3p targets sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 and regulates cell proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1199758598508212653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, awardId=LHGJ20220475, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目资助(LHGJ20220475), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199758594401988988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199758594414571901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, companyId=1199758594401988988, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Reproductive Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199758594422960510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, companyId=1199758594401988988, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=郑州大学第二附属医院生殖医学部, 郑州 450014)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199758597803569573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of low molecular weight heparin sodium on embryo quality, embryo absorption rate, and placental pathological damage in URPL rats. n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

A-on the 16th of pregnancy, the situation of embryo implantation into the uterine horn; B-embryo quality; C-embryo absorption rate; D-HE staining was used to observe pathological damage in rat placenta(×400); NC-negative control; URPL-unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss;LMWH-Low molecular weight heparin; FTY720-fingolimod; 1)P<0.05, vs control group; 2)P<0.05, vs URPL group.

, figureFileSmall=2mZGKcGh5G71jKuC4SLb9g==, figureFileBig=1ByJ1WrPT3ym8VdA84koUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199758597879067046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, language=CN, label=图1, caption=低分子肝素钠对不明原因反复妊娠丢失(URPL)大鼠胚胎质量、胚胎吸收率及胎盘病理损伤的影响。n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

A-妊娠第16天时,胚胎植入子宫角情况;B-胚胎质量;C-胚胎吸收率;D-苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠胎盘病理损伤(×400);NC-阴性对照;URPL-不明原因反复妊娠丢失;LMWH-低分子肝素钠;FTY720-芬戈莫德;黑色箭头-炎症细胞;蓝色箭头-水肿;绿色箭头-空泡化;与对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与URPL组比较,2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=2mZGKcGh5G71jKuC4SLb9g==, figureFileBig=1ByJ1WrPT3ym8VdA84koUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199758598030061991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of low molecular weight heparin sodium on miR-33a-3p and SIPR1 expression in URPL rat placental tissue. n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

A-Schematic diagram of miR-33a-3p and S1PR1 binding; B-RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-33a-3p mRNA levels in placental tissue;C-RT-qPCR was used to detect S1PR1 mRNA levels in placental tissue; D-Western blot was used to detect S1PR1 protein level in placental tissue; E-Western blot quantification; 1)P<0.05, vs control group; 2)P<0.05, vs URPL group.

, figureFileSmall=tUDJwgr9d3yE8S5to94grQ==, figureFileBig=wZmcIka5e6+uknP03Xzm1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199758598084587944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, language=CN, label=图2, caption=低分子肝素钠对URPL大鼠胎盘组织中miR-33a-3pSIPR1表达的影响。n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

A-miR-33a-3pS1PR1的结合示意图;B-RT-qPCR检测胎盘组织中miR-33a-3p mRNA水平;C-RT-qPCR检测胎盘组织中S1PR1 mRNA水平;D-Western blot检测胎盘组织中S1PR1蛋白水平;E-Western blot定量结果;与对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与URPL组比较,2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=tUDJwgr9d3yE8S5to94grQ==, figureFileBig=wZmcIka5e6+uknP03Xzm1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199758598147502505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of low molecular weight heparin sodium on treg cell differentiation and cytokine expression in URPL rats. n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

A-flow cytometry was used to detect the number of Treg cells in placental tissue; B-percentage of Treg cells; C-ELISA was used to detect serum IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels; D-RT-qPCR was used to detect FOXP3, CTLA-4, and GITR mRNA levels in placental tissue; E-Western blot was used to detect FOXP3, CTLA-4, and GITR protein levels in placental tissue; F-Western blot quantification; 1)P<0.05, vs control group; 2)P<0.05, vs URPL group.

, figureFileSmall=5mq4l/gO5BXPUJV3oE6NOQ==, figureFileBig=V3hUKfIZWIuOLhUzYVuG8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199758598218805674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, language=CN, label=图3, caption=低分子肝素钠对URPL大鼠调节性T细胞(Treg)分化及其细胞因子表达的影响。n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

A-流式细胞术检测胎盘组织中Treg细胞数量;B-Treg细胞百分比;C-ELISA检测血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平;D-RT-qPCR检测胎盘组织中FOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA水平;E-Western blot检测胎盘组织中FOXP3、CTLA-4、GITR蛋白水平;F-Western blot定量结果;与对照组比较,1)P<0.05;与URPL组比较,2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=5mq4l/gO5BXPUJV3oE6NOQ==, figureFileBig=V3hUKfIZWIuOLhUzYVuG8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199758598285914539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

PCR primer sequence of each gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers Primer sequence
miR-33a-3p-F 5'-GACTACCCTCCTAGGGGTC-3'
miR-33a-3p-R 5'-TTCGGAATTGCCACGTAT-3'
S1PR1-F 5'-CACTCTGACCAACAAGGAGATG-3'
S1PR1-R 5'-GATGATGGGTCGCTTGAATTTG-3'
FOXP3-F 5'-AGTGCTGACTTTCCGTGG-3'
FOXP3-R 5'-GGCACCTCGGTCAAGGCGGA-3'
CTLA-4-F 5'-AGTCCGTCTTACCTGCCA-3'
CTLA-4-R 5'-CCTCAACTCTCAGTGCATC-3'
GITR-F 5'-AGACATTGTGACATCAGGA-3'
GITR-R 5'-CTGAGGACATGCTCCTTCA-3'
U6-F 5'-GCTTCGGCAGCACATATACTAAAAT-3'
U6-R 5'-CGCTTCACGAATTTGCGTGTCAT-3'
β-actin-F 5'-TCAGGTCATCACTATCGGCAAT-3'
β-actin-R 5'-AAAGAAAGGGTGTAAAACGCA-3'
), ArticleFig(id=1199758598357217708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585622688141, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各基因PCR引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Primers Primer sequence
miR-33a-3p-F 5'-GACTACCCTCCTAGGGGTC-3'
miR-33a-3p-R 5'-TTCGGAATTGCCACGTAT-3'
S1PR1-F 5'-CACTCTGACCAACAAGGAGATG-3'
S1PR1-R 5'-GATGATGGGTCGCTTGAATTTG-3'
FOXP3-F 5'-AGTGCTGACTTTCCGTGG-3'
FOXP3-R 5'-GGCACCTCGGTCAAGGCGGA-3'
CTLA-4-F 5'-AGTCCGTCTTACCTGCCA-3'
CTLA-4-R 5'-CCTCAACTCTCAGTGCATC-3'
GITR-F 5'-AGACATTGTGACATCAGGA-3'
GITR-R 5'-CTGAGGACATGCTCCTTCA-3'
U6-F 5'-GCTTCGGCAGCACATATACTAAAAT-3'
U6-R 5'-CGCTTCACGAATTTGCGTGTCAT-3'
β-actin-F 5'-TCAGGTCATCACTATCGGCAAT-3'
β-actin-R 5'-AAAGAAAGGGTGTAAAACGCA-3'
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低分子肝素钠调控miR-33a-3pS1PR1表达促进不明原因反复妊娠丢失大鼠Treg细胞分化
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耿旭景 , 毛跟红 , 项云改 , 万利静 , 王梦 , 朱颖 , 谭丽 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(1): 47-54
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(1): 47-54
低分子肝素钠调控miR-33a-3pS1PR1表达促进不明原因反复妊娠丢失大鼠Treg细胞分化
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耿旭景, 毛跟红, 项云改, 万利静, 王梦, 朱颖, 谭丽*
作者信息
  • 郑州大学第二附属医院生殖医学部, 郑州 450014
  • 耿旭景,女,博士,副主任医师 研究方向:生殖内分泌、复发性流产

通讯作者:

*谭丽,女,博士,主任医师,教授 研究方向:生殖内分泌、复发性流产、反复着床失败 Tel:(0371)639741718
Low Molecular Weight Heparin Sodium Promotes Treg Cell Differentiation by Regulating the miR-33a-3p, S1PR1 Expression
Xujing GENG, Genhong MAO, Yungai XIANG, Lijing WAN, Meng WANG, Ying ZHU, Li TAN*
Affiliations
  • Department of Reproductive Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.006
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目的 探究低分子肝素钠可否调控miR-33a-3p、1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体1(S1PR1)表达影响不明原因反复妊娠丢失(URPL)大鼠调节性T细胞(Treg)分化。方法 60只雌性大鼠随机分为空白对照组(Control)、阴性对照组(NC)、URPL组、低分子肝素钠组(LMWH)和芬戈莫德(FTY720)组,每组12只。妊娠第8天、第12天时,采用背部多部位皮下注射抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)-IgG诱导大鼠URPL模型;LMWH组、FTY720组在URPL组基础上给药。妊娠第0天至第15天,LMWH组大鼠皮下注射低分子肝素钠(420 IU·kg-1),FTY720组尾静脉注射FTY720(100 μg·kg-1),Control组、NC组、URPL组大鼠尾静脉注射等量生理盐水。治疗结束后,胚胎称重并计算胚胎吸收率;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察胎盘组织病理学;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清白介素(IL)-10、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)和蛋白印迹(Western blot)检测胎盘组织中miR-33a-3pS1PR1、叉头框蛋白P3(FOXP3)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(CTLA-4)、糖皮质激素诱导肿瘤坏死因子受体(GITR)mRNA和蛋白水平;流式细胞术检测胎盘组织中Treg细胞数量。结果 Control组、NC组大鼠胎盘细胞排列整齐、结构清晰;与Control组相比,URPL组胚胎质量减轻,胚胎吸收率升高,胎盘组织存在大量炎症细胞浸润、细胞增生和水肿,血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平降低,胎盘组织miR-33a-3pFOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA和蛋白水平降低,S1PR1 mRNA和蛋白水平升高,Treg细胞数量减少(P<0.05);与URPL组相比,LMWH组、FTY720组胚胎质量增加,胚胎吸收率降低,胎盘组织病理损伤明显减轻,可见少量炎症细胞浸润和水肿,血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平升高,胎盘组织miR-33a-3pFOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA和蛋白水平升高,S1PR1 mRNA和蛋白水平降低,Treg细胞数量增多(P<0.05);LMWH组、FTY720组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 低分子肝素钠可能通过调控miR-33a-3pS1PR1表达促进URPL大鼠Treg细胞分化。

低分子肝素钠  /  miR-33a-3p  /  1-磷酸鞘氨醇受体1  /  不明原因反复妊娠丢失  /  调节性T细胞

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of low molecular weight heparin sodium on regulatory T cell(Treg) differentiation in rats with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss(URPL) by regulating the miR-33a-3p, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1) expression. METHODS Sixty female rats were randomly divided into blank control group(Control), negative control group(NC), URPL group, low molecular weight heparin sodium group(LMWH), and fingolimod(FTY720) group, with 12 rats in each group. On the 8th and 12st day of pregnancy, subcutaneous injection of anticardiolipin antibodies(ACA)-IgG into multiple parts of the back was used to induce rat URPL model. LMWH group and FTY720 group were administered on the basis of URPL group. On the 0th and 15th day of pregnancy, LMWH group rats were subcutaneously injected with low molecular weight heparin sodium(420 IU·kg-1), while FTY720 group rats were injected with FTY720(100 μg·kg-1) via tail vein, control group, NC group and URPL group rats were injected with an equal amount of physiological saline via the tail vein. After treatment, weigh the embryo and calculate the embryo absorption rate. HE staining was used to observe the pathology of placental tissue. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect interleukin(IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) levels in serum. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect miR-33a-3p, S1PR1, forkheadbox protein 3(FOXP3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4(CTLA-4), and glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor(GITR) mRNA and protein levels in placental tissue. Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of Treg cells in placental tissue. RESULTS The placental cells of rats in Control group and NC group were arranged neatly, and structure was clear. Compared with Control group, There was a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, cell proliferation, and edema in placental tissue in URPL group, embryo quality was reduced, embryo absorption rate was increased, IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels in serum were decreased, miR-33a-3p, FOXP3, CTLA-4, GITR mRNA and protein levels in placental tissue were decreased, S1PR1 mRNA and protein levels was increased, the number of Treg cells was decreased(P<0.05). Compared with URPL group, the pathological damage to the placental tissue in LMWH group and FTY720 group were significantly reduced, with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and edema visible, embryo quality was increased, embryo absorption rate was decreased, IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels in serum were increased, miR-33a-3p, FOXP3, CTLA-4, GITR mRNA and protein levels in placental tissue were increased, S1PR1 mRNA and protein levels was decreased, the number of Treg cells was increased(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the above indicators between LMWH group and FTY720 group(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Low molecular weight heparin sodium maybe promote Treg cells differentiation in URPL rats by regulating the miR-33a-3p, S1PR1 expression.

low molecular weight heparin sodium  /  miR-33a-3p  /  sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1  /  unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss  /  regulatory T cell
耿旭景, 毛跟红, 项云改, 万利静, 王梦, 朱颖, 谭丽. 低分子肝素钠调控miR-33a-3pS1PR1表达促进不明原因反复妊娠丢失大鼠Treg细胞分化. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (1) : 47 -54 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.006
Xujing GENG, Genhong MAO, Yungai XIANG, Lijing WAN, Meng WANG, Ying ZHU, Li TAN. Low Molecular Weight Heparin Sodium Promotes Treg Cell Differentiation by Regulating the miR-33a-3p, S1PR1 Expression[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (1) : 47 -54 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.006
反复妊娠丢失(recurrent pregnancy loss,RPL)指妊娠20周之前出现连续3次及以上自然妊娠丢失的临床现象[1]。据统计,全世界约有2%的育龄女性受此困扰,RPL占所有妊娠丢失的15%~20%[2]。尽管已知多种因素可能导致RPL,如胎儿染色体异常、母体生殖道异常、激素和免疫失调、精子质量不佳、感染和环境因素,但仍有超过50%的RPL患者病因不明,称为不明原因反复妊娠丢失(unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss,URPL),严重影响孕妇身心健康[3]。正常妊娠是一个复杂且精密的生理过程,其中,母-胎界面的免疫耐受机制起到了关键作用,特别是调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)与其细胞因子间的相互作用[4]。Treg细胞是一类表达转录因子叉头框蛋白P3(forkhead box protein 3,FOXP3)的CD4+ T细胞亚群,具有免疫抑制作用,对于维持免疫稳态至关重要[5]。研究显示,URPL患者蜕膜组织中CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg细胞数量较少,可作为预测URPL的潜在标志物[6]。调节辅助性T细胞17(helper T cells 17,Th17)/Treg细胞平衡能够抑制胚胎吸收,提高RPL大鼠妊娠成功率[7]。因此,促进Treg细胞分化可能是治疗URPL的有效策略。1-磷酸鞘氨醇(sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)是一种生物活性鞘脂代谢物,由鞘氨醇激酶(sphingosine kinase,SPHK)催化鞘氨醇磷酸化而成[8]。S1P通过与免疫细胞表面的S1P受体(sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor,S1PR)结合,调节免疫细胞的多种功能[9]。研究显示,S1P类似物芬戈莫德(fingolimod,FTY720)通过影响S1P/S1PR通路,促进初始CD4+ T细胞向Treg细胞分化,从而诱导妊娠免疫耐受[10-11]。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类内源性非编码RNA,通过调节靶基因的表达,参与多种生理和病理过程[12]。研究显示,miRNA表达异常与RPL发生相关[13]。如某些miRNA(miR-33amiR-33bmiR-181a)在RPL患者胎盘中的表达减少,可能通过影响S1PR1表达来抑制Treg细胞分化[14]。低分子肝素钠(low molecular weight heparin sodium,LMWH)作为一类抗血栓形成药,不仅用于血栓性疾病的治疗,还在先兆流产、复发性流产以及URPL中显示出治疗潜力[15-18]。尽管其疗效得到了肯定,但低分子肝素钠调控URPL的具体机制仍待进一步阐明。
基于此,本研究拟探究低分子肝素钠对URPL大鼠中miR-33a-3pSIPR1表达及Treg细胞分化的调控作用,以期为低分子肝素钠治疗URPL提供理论和实验依据。
人血清样本:收集3例2022年1~12月就诊于郑州大学第二附属医院生殖医学部门诊的复发性流产患者的外周血样本(各5 mL),收集样本后2 h内样本经12 000 r·min-1离心10 min分离获得血清,血清于-80 ℃冰箱冻存。纳入标准:患者经历2次及以上胎盘丢失或停育;排除传染病、子宫解剖异常、糖尿病、甲状腺功能障碍等经典危险因素;近期未使用药物治疗。排除标准:合并心、肝、肾功能不全者;合并自身免疫性疾病者。另外,收集3例同期在我院正常妊娠、分娩者的外周血样本作为对照。所有患者均对本研究知情同意,本研究已通过郑州大学第二附属医院医学伦理委员会批准(2022004)。
实验动物:8周龄SPF级SD雌性大鼠60只,体质量为180~200 g,8周龄SPF级SD雄性大鼠30只,体质量为200~220 g,均购自中研子创(北京)生物科技有限公司[生产许可证号:SCXK(京)2022-0010]。大鼠饲养于室温22~23 ℃、湿度45%~55%、光照/黑暗各12 h环境中,并喂以高压灭菌食品和水,适应性喂养1周后进行实验。本研究所有实验经郑州大学第二附属医院医学伦理委员会批准(2022004)。
低分子肝素钠注射液(国药准字H20030429,0.2 mL:2 500 IU,齐鲁制药有限公司);芬戈莫德(FTY720,货号:162359-56-0,美国MCE公司);聚乙二醇(货号:95904,美国Sigma公司);RPMI 1640培养基(货号:EY-XY5485,上海一研生物科技有限公司);离子霉素、佛波酯、莫能霉素(货号:S48414、R32414、R32356,上海源叶生物科技有限公司);放射免疫沉淀试验(RIPA)裂解液、二喹啉甲酸(BCA)蛋白浓度试剂盒(货号:R301899、B598071,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);S1PR1兔多抗、糖皮质激素诱导肿瘤坏死因子受体(glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor,GITR)小鼠单抗(货号:IPD-ANP12400、IPD-ANM4085,湖北艾普蒂生物工程有限公司);FOXP3兔多抗、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4,CTLA-4)兔多抗(货号:bs-10211R、bs-10006R,北京博奥森生物技术有限公司);苏木精-伊红(HE)染色试剂盒、白介素(interleukin,IL)-10和转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒(货号:C0105S、PI525、PT878,上海碧云天生物技术有限公司)。
Optima MAX-XP型超速离心机(美国BioTek公司);ABI 7500型实时荧光定量PCR仪(美国ABI公司);164-5050型基础电泳仪、GelDoc XR凝胶成像仪(美国Bio-Rad公司)。
取复发性流产患者和健康妊娠者的血清样本(各4 mL),加入硫酸铵[(NH4)2SO4]饱和溶液,至(NH4)2SO4质量分数为33%,4 ℃过夜沉淀,离心收集上清液,加入(NH4)2SO4饱和溶液,至(NH4)2SO4质量分数为50%,4 ℃过夜沉淀,离心收集沉淀,加入磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)溶解,装入透析袋,放置在蒸馏水中4 ℃透析除盐2 d,采用聚乙二醇浓缩含有ACA组分的免疫球蛋白G(IgG)蛋白,测定蛋白浓度,配制成15 mg·mL-1的蛋白液,来源于复发性流产患者和健康妊娠者的IgG分别记作ACA-IgG和NH-IgG。
60只雌鼠随机分为空白对照组(Control)、阴性对照组(NC)、URPL组、低分子肝素钠组(LMWH)和阳性对照FTY720组,每组各12只。采用ACA-IgG诱导大鼠URPL模型,具体如下:各组大鼠分别以雌雄2∶1的比例合笼过夜,次日清晨对雌鼠进行阴栓检查,以检出栓子视为成功受孕,记为妊娠第0天。随后将孕鼠分笼饲养,未孕大鼠继续合笼,最终所有大鼠均成功受孕。URPL组、LMWH组和FTY720组大鼠分别于妊娠第8天、第12天时,背部多部位皮下注射1 mL ACA-IgG(75 mg·kg-1),NC组皮下注射等量NH-IgG(75 mg·kg-1),Control组注射等量生理盐水。LMWH组、FTY720组在URPL组基础上给药,妊娠第0天至第15天,LMWH组大鼠每日皮下注射20 μL低分子肝素钠(420 IU·kg-1),FTY720组每日尾静脉注射20 μL FTY720(100 μg·kg-1),Control组、NC组、URPL组大鼠尾静脉注射等量生理盐水。最后一次给药24 h后,大鼠腹腔注射质量分数1%戊巴比妥钠(40 mg·kg-1)麻醉后腹主动脉采血,随后颈椎脱臼处死,收集胚胎和胎盘组织备用。
取各组大鼠胚胎,使用电子天平称重;对活胚胎个数、吸收胚胎个数进行计数,并计算胚胎吸收率(公式1)。
胚胎吸收率(%)=吸收胚胎数/(活胚胎数+吸收胚胎数)×100%
取各组大鼠胎盘组织,加入质量分数10%福尔马林溶液固定过夜,使用梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯Ⅰ/Ⅱ透明,包埋热融化的石蜡,制备5 μm厚的组织切片。切片依次置于二甲苯Ⅰ/Ⅱ和梯度浓度乙醇中去蜡,随后使用苏木精染液染色,体积分数1%盐酸乙醇溶液酸洗,体积分数0.6%氨水返蓝,伊红染液中染色,梯度浓度乙醇脱水,二甲苯Ⅰ/Ⅱ透明,中性树胶封片,镜检(×400)。
取各组大鼠腹主动脉血,离心收集血清,将血清按体积稀释100倍,按照ELISA试剂盒进行操作:加样、洗板、加酶结合物、洗板、加显色剂显色、450 nm波长处检测样品吸光度(absorbance,A)值,制作标准曲线,计算各组样品中IL-10、TGF-β1水平。
取各组大鼠胎盘组织,剪碎,加入RNAiso Plus进行组织匀浆,离心收集上清液,加入1/5体积氯仿,离心收集上清液,加入等体积异丙醇,离心收集RNA沉淀,加入体积分数75%乙醇清洗,室温干燥,加入焦碳酸二乙酯(DEPC)水溶解RNA。使用紫外分光光度计测定RNA浓度。使用逆转录试剂盒将RNA逆转录为cDNA,反应条件为37 ℃ 15 min,85 ℃ 5 s,4 ℃保存。使用SYBR Green试剂盒进行PCR扩增,选择U6β-actin作为内参基因,反应条件为95 ℃ 30 s,95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 30 s,40个循环,制作PCR标准曲线,根据公式2计算各组样品中miR-33a-3pS1PR1FOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA相对水平。PCR引物序列见表1
$2^{-\Delta \Delta \mathrm{CT}}=2^{-\{[\mathrm{CT}(\text { 目的基因,实验组) }-\mathrm{CT}(\text { 内参基因,实验组 })]-[\mathrm{CT}(\text { 目的基因,对照组 })-\mathrm{CT}(\text { 内参基因,对照组 })]\}}$
其中CT表示荧光信号达到阈值的PCR循环数;ΔCT表示目的基因的CT值-内参基因的CT值;ΔΔCT表示实验组的ΔCT值-对照组的ΔCT值;2-ΔΔCT表示目的基因在不同样本中的相对表达水平。
取各组大鼠胎盘组织,剪碎,加入PBS进行组织匀浆,使用200目滤网进行过滤,收集滤液,离心收集沉淀,加入细胞稀释液重悬,加入到淋巴细胞分离液中,离心收集淋巴细胞悬液,加入RPMI 1640培养基重悬,进行淋巴细胞计数,并调整细胞浓度至密度每毫升1×106个。将2 mL淋巴细胞悬液接种于24孔板,分别加入含离子霉素(终质量浓度1 μg·mL-1)、佛波酯(终质量浓度50 μg·mL-1)和莫能霉素(终质量浓度0.1 mg·mL-1)的RPMI 1640培养基,置于37 ℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养4 h;培养结束后,收集淋巴细胞,经过CD4-FITC、CD25-APC抗体4 ℃避光孵育20 min,细胞固定液固定20 min,破膜剂破膜20 min,离心收集沉淀,PBS重悬淋巴细胞,加入FOXP3-PE抗体避光孵育20 min,流式细胞仪检测CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞比例。
取各组大鼠胎盘组织,剪碎,加入RIPA裂解液进行组织匀浆,离心收集上清液,使用前面已经出现(BCA)蛋白浓度试剂盒测定样品蛋白浓度,蛋白样品和上样缓冲液4∶1混合加热。配置分离胶和浓缩胶,将胶板组装在电泳架上,加入适量电泳液,进行上样。随后进行SDS-PAGE电泳。10 mA电流电泳约40 min,待蛋白跑到上下胶分界处,调整为20 mA电流电泳约1 h,待蛋白跑到下层胶底部时,停止电泳。留取下层胶,置于转膜液中,按照“负极、海绵、滤纸、胶、PVDF膜、滤纸、海绵、正极”顺序进行转膜,将转膜架组装在转膜槽上,加入适量转膜液,200 mA电流转膜约90 min。转膜完成后,PVDF膜置于质量分数5%脱脂牛奶中,室温封闭2 h,含聚山梨酯-20的Tris盐酸缓冲液(TBST)洗涤后,加入一抗(S1PR1FOXP3CTLA-4GITR,稀释比例为1∶2 000)4 ℃孵育过夜,次日加入二抗(HRP标记山羊源IgG,稀释比例为1∶10 000)室温孵育2 h。TBST洗涤后,加入ECL试剂,进行曝光、显影,计算各组样品中S1PR1、FOXP3、CTLA-4、GITR蛋白相对水平。
使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。所有数据均表示为平均值±标准差($\bar{x}\pm s$),多组间数据的比较使用单因素方差分析,多组间两两比较使用LSD-t检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
与Control组相比,NC组大鼠胚胎质量、胚胎吸收率无明显变化(P>0.05),而URPL组大鼠胚胎质量明显减轻,胚胎吸收率明显升高(P<0.05);与URPL组相比,LMWH组、FTY720组胎盘质量明显增加,胚胎吸收率明显降低(P<0.05);而LMWH组、FTY720组大鼠胎盘质量、胚胎吸收率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图1A~C)。
HE染色结果显示,Control组、NC组大鼠胎盘细胞排列整齐、结构清晰;与Control组相比,URPL组胎盘组织存在明显的炎症细胞浸润、细胞增生和水肿,空泡化细胞增加;与URPL组相比,LMWH组、FTY720组胎盘组织病理损伤明显减轻,可见少量炎症细胞浸润和水肿(图1D)。
Targetscan数据库显示,miR-33a-3pS1PR1存在结合位点(图2A)。RT-qPCR和Western blot结果显示,与Control组相比,NC组大鼠胎盘组织中miR-33a-3pS1PR1 mRNA和蛋白水平无明显变化(P>0.05),而URPL组大鼠胎盘组织中miR-33a-3p水平明显降低,S1PR1 mRNA和蛋白水平明显升高(P<0.05);与URPL组相比,LMWH组、FTY720组胎盘组织中miR-33a-3p水平明显升高,S1PR1 mRNA和蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.05);而LMWH组、FTY720组大鼠胎盘组织中miR-33a-3pS1PR1 mRNA和蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图2B~E)。
流式细胞术、ELISA结果显示,与Control组相比,NC组大鼠胎盘组织中Treg细胞数量、血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平无明显变化(P>0.05),而URPL组大鼠胎盘组织中Treg细胞数量、血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平明显减少(P<0.05);与URPL组相比,LMWH组、FTY720组胎盘组织中Treg细胞数量、血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平明显增多(P<0.05);而LMWH组、FTY720组大鼠胎盘组织中Treg细胞数量、血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图3A~C)。
RT-qPCR和Western blot结果显示,与Control组相比,NC组大鼠胎盘组织中FOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA和蛋白水平无明显变化(P>0.05),而URPL组大鼠胎盘组织中FOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA和蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.05);与URPL组相比,LMWH组、FTY720组胎盘组织中FOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA和蛋白水平明显升高(P<0.05);而LMWH组、FTY720组大鼠胎盘组织中FOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA和蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图3D~F)。
低相对分子质量肝素钠通过抑制纤维蛋白形成,从而防止血栓形成及生长,常用于流产、血栓性疾病的预防和治疗[19]。然而,低分子肝素钠调控URPL的相关机制尚不清楚。因此,本研究通过背部多部位皮下注射ACA-IgG诱导大鼠URPL模型。既往研究标明ACA阳性与凝血功能障碍、血管形成和补体激活等免疫异常相关,是导致RPL的机制之一[20]。本研究发现,模型组大鼠胚胎质量减轻,胚胎吸收率升高,胎盘细胞存在明显的炎症细胞浸润、细胞增生和水肿,提示ACA-IgG可能诱导了大鼠妊娠流产。经过低分子肝素钠干预后,大鼠胚胎质量增加,胚胎吸收率降低,胎盘组织病理损伤减轻,提示低分子肝素钠可能够阻止URPL发生。
胚胎作为同种半抗原,依赖于母-胎界面的免疫耐受机制而不被母体排斥,URPL发生与胚胎免疫耐受失败相关。Treg细胞在诱导母体耐受及母体对胎儿免疫排斥反应中扮演重要角色[21]。Treg细胞(CD4+CD25+FOXP3+)具有抗炎和免疫抑制功能,其通过广泛识别自身或外来抗原,以接触依赖的方式分泌IL-10、TGF-β1等抑制性因子,从而抑制T细胞的活化及其免疫应答反应。研究显示,URPL患者外周血和蜕膜组织中Treg细胞数量显著降低,Treg细胞可作为预测不良妊娠结局的潜在标志物[22-23]。本研究发现,模型组大鼠胎盘组织中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg细胞数量、Treg细胞相关标志物FOXP3CTLA-4GITR mRNA和蛋白水平及血清IL-10、TGF-β1水平均减少,说明ACA-IgG诱导的大鼠妊娠流产与Treg细胞介导的免疫异常有关。分析原因可能是ACA-IgG注射到大鼠体内,大量消耗Treg细胞,使得机体免疫调节能力降低;ACA-IgG通过结合母-胎界面的磷脂分子,形成免疫复合物,进而损伤蜕膜及胎盘组织的血管内皮,导致血栓形成,从而引发流产。经过低分子肝素钠干预后,大鼠Treg细胞数量增多,提示低分子肝素钠可能通过诱导Treg细胞分化阻止URPL发生。分析原因可能是低分子肝素钠能够抑制补体激活,减少机体免疫炎症反应;同时,低分子肝素钠能够结合ACA-IgG,减少血管内皮损伤,抑制中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞功能,并促进母-胎界面细胞因子向辅助型T细胞2(Th2)转化。此推测有待进一步的实验验证。
miRNA表达异常与RPL发生相关。研究表明,某些miRNA(miR-19amiR-181amiR-542)可直接靶向S1PR1S1PR2表达,调节S1P通路[24-26]S1PR1广泛表达于在免疫细胞表面,能够调节免疫细胞增殖、迁移和细胞因子释放。有研究发现RPL患者胎盘中miR-33a-3p表达减少,miR-33a-3p通过靶向抑制S1PR1表达,抑制Treg细胞分化,从而导致RPL[14]。本研究发现,模型组大鼠胎盘组织中miR-33a水平降低,S1PR1 mRNA和蛋白水平升高,且数据库预测miR-33a-3pS1PR1具有结合位点,说明miR-33a-3p可能调控SIPR1表达,并在大鼠妊娠流产中发挥调节作用。分析原因可能是机体免疫细胞表面的S1PR1通过激活自身免疫,削弱Treg细胞免疫抑制作用,从而胚胎免疫耐受失败,引发流产。此推测有待进一步的实验验证。经过低分子肝素钠或FTY720干预后,大鼠胎盘组织中miR-33a水平升高,S1PR1水平降低,且低分子肝素钠和FTY720作用效果相似,说明低分子肝素钠可能通过调节miR-33a-3pSIPR1表达阻止URPL发生。分析原因可能是低分子肝素钠能够诱导细胞膜S1PR1内化并降解,抑制自身免疫细胞流出及其应答反应,从而增强胚胎免疫耐受。此推测有待进一步的实验验证。
综上所述,低分子肝素钠可能通过调控miR-33a-3pSIPR1表达促进URPL大鼠Treg细胞分化,这一研究为URPL的治疗提供了新的理论依据和实验支持。然而,妊娠涉及母体和胎儿多种复杂因素的相互作用,miR-33a-3pSIPR1表达是否可用于URPL的治疗仍需进一步研究。
  • 河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目资助(LHGJ20220475)
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.006
  • 接收时间:2024-06-18
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18
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河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目资助(LHGJ20220475)
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    郑州大学第二附属医院生殖医学部, 郑州 450014

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*谭丽,女,博士,主任医师,教授 研究方向:生殖内分泌、复发性流产、反复着床失败 Tel:(0371)639741718
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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