Article(id=1199703585324892554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)01-0039-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.01.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718726400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763961224156, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763961224156, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763961224156, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763961224156, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199703581889753882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='104', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763961223337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763967062652, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199728073798157161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199728073798157162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=46, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199703585639465358, articleId=1199703585324892554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Folate-modified Cantharidin/Baicalin Liposomes in Normal and Tumor-bearing Rats, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the difference of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of folate-modified cantharidin/baicalin liposomes(FA-Can&Bai@Lips) in normal and tumor-bearing rats. METHODS HepG2 cell suspension was inoculated into the right armpit of rat to induce tumor bearing animal models. After tail vein injection of FA-Can&Bai@Lips, plasma and tissues(heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) were collected at different time points. The concentrations of cantharidin and baicalin in plasma and tissues were determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Phoenix WinNonlin software, and the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution differences of FA-Can&Bai@Lips in normal and tumor-bearing rats were analyzed and compared. RESULTS The UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of cantharidin and baicalin has a good linear relationship. The specificity, accuracy and precision, extraction recovery rate and matrix effect, residual effect and stability meet the requirements of biological sample detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the area under the curve(AUC0-t,AUC0-∞), the mean residence time(MRT0-t, MRT0-∞) of cantharidin and baicalin in plasma of tumor-bearing rats were significantly higher than those in normal rats(P<0.05), which increased by 55.68%, 72.50%, 43.10%, 45.95% and 15.10%, 42.54%, 9.09%, 10.53% respectively. The half-life(t1/2) of cantharidin was slightly shortened in tumor-bearing rats with no significant difference, while the t1/2 of baicalin was significantly prolonged(P<0.05). The apparent volume of distribution(Vd) and clearance(CL) of cantharidin and BA were significantly decreased. The results of tissue distribution showed that the concentrations of cantharidin and BA in the liver of tumor-bearing rats were significantly higher than those of normal rats, and the other tissues were significantly lower(P<0.01). CONCLUSION The UPLC-MS/MS method is rapid, simple, specific and sensitive, and can be used for the determination of cantharidin and baicalin in plasma and tissues of rats. It is confirmed that the tumor-bearing status can significantly affect the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of FA-Can&Bai@Lips in vivo.

, correspAuthors=Li HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu GAO, Lei YANG, Kai JIN, Wangzhong XIAO, Lu Wang, Bing DAI, Aijuan LU, Li HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199703587728228776, articleId=1199703585324892554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=叶酸修饰的斑蝥素/黄芩苷脂质体在正常大鼠与荷瘤大鼠体内的药动学及组织分布差异研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 评价叶酸修饰的斑蝥素/黄芩苷脂质体(DSPE-PEG2k-folate-cantharidin&baicalin@lipsomes,FA-Can&Bai@Lips)在正常大鼠与荷瘤大鼠体内的药动学及组织分布差异。方法 以HepG2细胞悬液接种于大鼠右侧腋下诱导荷瘤大鼠模型,尾静脉注射FA-Can&Bai@Lips后采集不同给药时间点血浆与组织(心、肝、脾、肺、肾),采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS)测定血浆及组织中斑蝥素和黄芩苷浓度,应用Phoenix WinNonlin软件计算药动学参数,并分析比较FA-Can&Bai@Lips在正常机体状态与荷瘤状态下的药动学和组织分布差异。结果 建立的同时测定斑蝥素与黄芩苷的UPLC-MS/MS方法线性关系良好,专属性、准确度与精密度、提取回收率与基质效应及稳定性等均符合生物样本检测要求。药动学参数表明,与正常组大鼠相比,荷瘤大鼠体内斑蝥素与黄芩苷的药时曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC0-t、AUC0-∞)、平均驻留时间(mean residence time,MRT0-t、MRT0-∞)均显著升高(P<0.05),分别增加了55.68%、72.50%、43.10%、45.95%和15.10%、42.54%、9.09%、10.53%;斑蝥素在荷瘤大鼠体内半衰期(half-life,t1/2)缩短,但无显著性差异,而黄芩苷的t1/2显著延长(P<0.05),两者的表观分布容积(apparent volume of distribution, Vd)与清除率(clearance rate,CL)均明显降低。组织分布结果显示,斑蝥素与黄芩苷在荷瘤大鼠肝脏中浓度明显高于正常大鼠,其余组织药物浓度均显著低于正常大鼠。结论 UPLC-MS/MS法分析速度快、简单、特异、灵敏,可用于大鼠血浆及组织中斑蝥素与黄芩苷的测定,且证实荷瘤状态会对FA-Can&Bai@Lips的体内药动学及组织分布产生明显影响。

, correspAuthors=黄莉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*黄莉,女,博士,副主任药师,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药新药研发 Tel:(0731)85600544
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高昱,男,硕士,药师 研究方向:中药制剂及药效学研究

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高昱,男,硕士,药师 研究方向:中药制剂及药效学研究

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高昱,男,硕士,药师 研究方向:中药制剂及药效学研究

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Chin J Pharm(中国医药工业杂志), 2019, 50(1):93-98., articleTitle=Application and evaluation of some validated LC-MS/MS bioanalytical methods used in routine sample analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199727471005369159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=50, issue=11, pageStart=925, pageEnd=930, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=WEI M J, LI L, ZHANG Y H, journalName=Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI M J, LI L, ZHANG Y H, et al. Discussions on the inaccuracy problems and preventing strategies associated with the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in quantitative assay of biosamples[J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2015, 50(11):925-930., articleTitle=Discussions on the inaccuracy problems and preventing strategies associated with the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in quantitative assay of biosamples, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199727471076672329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=33, issue=5, pageStart=40, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=ZOU J J, ZHANG S Q, FENG R X, journalName=J China Pharm Univ(中国药科大学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZOU J J, ZHANG S Q, FENG R X. The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of cantharidin[J]. J China Pharm Univ(中国药科大学学报), 2002, 33(5):40-43., articleTitle=The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of cantharidin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199727471143781195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=34, issue=16, pageStart=2088, pageEnd=2091, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=DANG Y, ZHU C Y, journalName=China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=DANG Y, ZHU C Y. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cantharidin in beagle dogs[J]. China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), 2009, 34(16):2088-2091., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cantharidin in beagle dogs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199727471231861580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=684, pageEnd=688, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=ZHOU H C, DU R, WANG H, journalName=China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU H C, DU R, WANG H, et al. Advance in studies on pharmacokinetics of baicalin[J]. China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), 2018, 43(4):684-688., articleTitle=Advance in studies on pharmacokinetics of baicalin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199727471307359054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=29, issue=21, pageStart=3834, pageEnd=3839, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=ZHANG Z C, SUN L C, SUN Q Y, journalName=J Mod Oncol(现代肿瘤医学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Z C, SUN L C, SUN Q Y, et al. Bibliometric analysis of liver cancer metabolism research based on CiteSpace[J]. J Mod Oncol(现代肿瘤医学), 2021, 29(21):3834-3839., articleTitle=Bibliometric analysis of liver cancer metabolism research based on CiteSpace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199727471391245136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=1201404, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=JIN D, HUANG N N, WEI J X, journalName=Front Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN D, HUANG N N, WEI J X. Hepatotoxic mechanism of cantharidin:insights and strategies for therapeutic intervention[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2023, 14: 1201404. DOI:110.3389/fphar.2023.1201404., articleTitle=Hepatotoxic mechanism of cantharidin:insights and strategies for therapeutic intervention, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199727472502735699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=35, issue=7, pageStart=3558, pageEnd=3574, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=RAHIMI V B, ASKARI V R, HOSSEINZADEH H, journalName=Phytother Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAHIMI V B, ASKARI V R, HOSSEINZADEH H. Promising influences of Scutellaria baicalensis and its two active constituents, baicalin, and baicalein, against metabolic syndrome:a review[J]. Phytother Res, 2021, 35(7):3558-3574., articleTitle=Promising influences of Scutellaria baicalensis and its two active constituents, baicalin, and baicalein, against metabolic syndrome:a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1199727472578233173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=72, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=QIN S H, LIU H G, journalName=J Guangxi Tradit Chin Med Univ(广西中医学院学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIN S H, LIU H G. Research progress on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of baicalin[J]. J Guangxi Tradit Chin Med Univ(广西中医学院学报), 2003(4):72-74., articleTitle=Research progress on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of baicalin, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1199727468560089877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, awardId=22B0375, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目资助(22B0375), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199727468639781656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, awardId=202213014042, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省卫生健康委员会项目资助(202213014042), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199727468782387995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, awardId=2022JJ80023, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金项目资助(2022JJ80023), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199727468908217118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, awardId=2020XJJJ044, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南中医药大学校级科研项目资助(2020XJJJ044), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1199727469034046241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, awardId=湘中医药函〔2020〕37号, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省老中医药专家学术经验继承项目资助(湘中医药函〔2020〕37号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199727459575890473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199727459580084778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, companyId=1199727459575890473, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199727459588473387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, companyId=1199727459575890473, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 湖南中医药大学第一附属医院, 长沙 410000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1199727459693330990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199727459697525295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, companyId=1199727459693330990, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Hunan Academy of Education Sciences, Changsha 410005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199727459705913905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, companyId=1199727459693330990, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 湖南省教育科学研究院, 长沙 410005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199727465812820717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) extraction ion flow diagram of cantharidin, baicalin and ISTD in plasma

A-blank biological samples; B-blank biological samples added with mixed references and internal standard(ISTD); C-biological samples after 30 min of administration; 1-Cantharidin; 2-Baicalin; 3-Amygdalin.

, figureFileSmall=65oZyXn2O5o5pFV4D1F9ow==, figureFileBig=LTStwlsCPjIX6/W+AGH3Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727465938649840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=CN, label=图1, caption=血浆中斑蝥素、黄芩苷及内标物(苦杏仁苷)的质谱多反应监测(MRM)提取离子流图

A-空白血浆样品;B-含混合对照与内标物的空白血浆样品;C-给药30 min后的血浆样品;1-斑蝥素;2-黄芩苷;3-苦杏仁苷。

, figureFileSmall=65oZyXn2O5o5pFV4D1F9ow==, figureFileBig=LTStwlsCPjIX6/W+AGH3Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727466093839093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Plasma concentration-time curve of cantharidin(A) and baicalin(B). n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$, figureFileSmall=7QyTLJ2xhz0d7F0kC4a7IQ==, figureFileBig=TCTPeBMJacpm0flG6Qgrrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727466181919480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=CN, label=图2, caption=斑蝥素(A)与黄芩苷(B)的平均血药浓度-时间曲线。 n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$, figureFileSmall=7QyTLJ2xhz0d7F0kC4a7IQ==, figureFileBig=TCTPeBMJacpm0flG6Qgrrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727466311942908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Concentrations of cantharidin and baicalin in different tissues at different time points. n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

A-concentrations of cantharidin in normal rat tissues; B-concentrations of cantharidin in tumor-bearing rat tissues; C-concentrations of baicalin in normal rat tissues; D-concentrations of baicalin in tumor-bearing rat tissues.

, figureFileSmall=HM9O5FWyFy7GkKgQnLjqvw==, figureFileBig=marapi8ADn+0irxVnw/CMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727466391634686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同时间点不同组织中斑蝥素与黄芩苷的浓度。 n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

A-斑蝥素在正常大鼠组织内浓度;B-斑蝥素在荷瘤大鼠组织内浓度;C-黄芩苷在正常大鼠组织内浓度;D-黄芩苷在荷瘤大鼠组织内浓度。

, figureFileSmall=HM9O5FWyFy7GkKgQnLjqvw==, figureFileBig=marapi8ADn+0irxVnw/CMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727466504880896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Accuracy and precision of cantharidin and baicalin in rat plasma. n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component ρ(Theoretical)/
ng·mL-1
Intra-assay Inter-assay
ρ(Found)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/% ρ(Found)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/%
Cantharidin 0.5 0.45 ±0.01 89.02 0.33 0.44 ±0.03 87.03 10.70
5.0 5.73 ±0.05 114.60 0.04 5.62 ±0.08 112.40 1.29
50 43.29 ±1.02 86.57 3.16 42.82 ±1.76 85.63 5.08
100 101.90 ±8.70 101.90 1.27 93.99 ±2.75 93.99 1.74
Baicalin 1.5 1.49 ±0.06 99.20 4.55 1.50 ±0.06 100.64 3.49
15 12.87 ±0.10 85.77 0.76 12.85 ±0.30 85.67 2.90
150 152.32 ±2.68 101.55 1.65 147.76 ±16.09 98.50 9.83
300 303.15 ±41.78 101.05 13.24 317.35 ±9.22 105.78 3.01
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466655875841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

斑蝥素与黄芩苷在大鼠血浆中的准确度和精密度。n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component ρ(Theoretical)/
ng·mL-1
Intra-assay Inter-assay
ρ(Found)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/% ρ(Found)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/%
Cantharidin 0.5 0.45 ±0.01 89.02 0.33 0.44 ±0.03 87.03 10.70
5.0 5.73 ±0.05 114.60 0.04 5.62 ±0.08 112.40 1.29
50 43.29 ±1.02 86.57 3.16 42.82 ±1.76 85.63 5.08
100 101.90 ±8.70 101.90 1.27 93.99 ±2.75 93.99 1.74
Baicalin 1.5 1.49 ±0.06 99.20 4.55 1.50 ±0.06 100.64 3.49
15 12.87 ±0.10 85.77 0.76 12.85 ±0.30 85.67 2.90
150 152.32 ±2.68 101.55 1.65 147.76 ±16.09 98.50 9.83
300 303.15 ±41.78 101.05 13.24 317.35 ±9.22 105.78 3.01
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466802676483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Extraction recovery and matrix effect of cantharidin and baicalin in rat plasma. n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component ρ(Theoretical)/ng·mL-1 Recov ery/% RSDR/% Matrix effect/% RSDR/%
Cantharidin 5.0 102.36 ±11.25 12.53 85.25±5.88 6.63
50 100.87 ±9.78 10.89 95.31±2.36 2.55
100 103.23 ±10.34 11.62 85.97±1.47 1.56
Baicalin 15 108.91 ±8.51 9.27 108.58±6.32 7.34
150 93.49 ±5.33 6.43 88.30±3.58 4.65
300 111.36 ±6.09 7.32 113.42±7.46 7.81
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466899145477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

斑蝥素与黄芩苷在大鼠血浆中的提取回收率和基质效应。n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component ρ(Theoretical)/ng·mL-1 Recov ery/% RSDR/% Matrix effect/% RSDR/%
Cantharidin 5.0 102.36 ±11.25 12.53 85.25±5.88 6.63
50 100.87 ±9.78 10.89 95.31±2.36 2.55
100 103.23 ±10.34 11.62 85.97±1.47 1.56
Baicalin 15 108.91 ±8.51 9.27 108.58±6.32 7.34
150 93.49 ±5.33 6.43 88.30±3.58 4.65
300 111.36 ±6.09 7.32 113.42±7.46 7.81
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468031607562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Stability of cantharidin and baicalin in rat plasma. n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component ρ(Theoretical)/
ng·mL-1
Short-term stability Long-term stability Freeze-thaw stability
Accuracy/% RSD/% Accuracy/% RSD/% Accuracy/% RSD/%
Cantharidin 5.0 111.89±4.41 3.94 110.18±3.79 3.44 96.01±7.78 8.10
50 98.90±1.40 1.42 88.83±0.78 0.88 99.41±0.73 0.74
100 97.33±0.47 0.49 89.74±1.05 1.17 101.38±0.54 0.54
Baicalin 15 86.55±1.43 1.70 100.18±1.19 1.18 98.52±0.79 0.80
150 100.76±0.51 0.51 88.15±0.47 0.53 99.70±0.66 0.66
300 95.11±1.04 1.09 100.43±1.24 1.24 112.75±0.59 0.52
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468144853770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

斑蝥素与黄芩苷在大鼠血浆中的稳定性。n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component ρ(Theoretical)/
ng·mL-1
Short-term stability Long-term stability Freeze-thaw stability
Accuracy/% RSD/% Accuracy/% RSD/% Accuracy/% RSD/%
Cantharidin 5.0 111.89±4.41 3.94 110.18±3.79 3.44 96.01±7.78 8.10
50 98.90±1.40 1.42 88.83±0.78 0.88 99.41±0.73 0.74
100 97.33±0.47 0.49 89.74±1.05 1.17 101.38±0.54 0.54
Baicalin 15 86.55±1.43 1.70 100.18±1.19 1.18 98.52±0.79 0.80
150 100.76±0.51 0.51 88.15±0.47 0.53 99.70±0.66 0.66
300 95.11±1.04 1.09 100.43±1.24 1.24 112.75±0.59 0.52
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468228739853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Pharmacokinetic parameters of cantharidin and baicalin after tail vein injection of FA-Can&Bai@Lips. n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters Normal rats Tumor-bearing rats
Cantharidin Baicalin Cantharidin Baicalin
t1/2/h 1.27 ±0.17 1.46 ±0.07 1.25 ±0.20 1.50 ±0.011)
AUC0-t/ng·h·mL-1 142.41 ±1.08 1106.39 ±6.34 221.70 ±13.422) 1273.47 ±4.542)
AUC0-∞/ng·h·mL-1 165.89 ±2.82 1 525.23 ±9.20 286.16 ±23.432) 2174.03 ±16.772)
MRT0-t/h 0.58 ±0.01 0.88 ±0.01 0.83 ±0.031) 0.96 ±0.011)
MRT0-∞/h 1.11 ±0.11 1.90 ±0.02 1.62 ±0.201) 2.10 ±0.011)
CL/L·h-1·kg-1 4.82 ±0.10 2.61 ±0.02 2.82 ±0.221) 1.83 ±0.011)
Vd/L·kg-1 8.78 ±0.99 5.50 ±0.05 5.05 ±0.691) 3.97 ±0.021)
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468379734799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703585324892554, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

叶酸修饰的斑蝥素/黄芩苷脂质体(FA-Can&Bai@Lips)注射给药后斑蝥素与黄芩苷的药动学参数。n=6, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters Normal rats Tumor-bearing rats
Cantharidin Baicalin Cantharidin Baicalin
t1/2/h 1.27 ±0.17 1.46 ±0.07 1.25 ±0.20 1.50 ±0.011)
AUC0-t/ng·h·mL-1 142.41 ±1.08 1106.39 ±6.34 221.70 ±13.422) 1273.47 ±4.542)
AUC0-∞/ng·h·mL-1 165.89 ±2.82 1 525.23 ±9.20 286.16 ±23.432) 2174.03 ±16.772)
MRT0-t/h 0.58 ±0.01 0.88 ±0.01 0.83 ±0.031) 0.96 ±0.011)
MRT0-∞/h 1.11 ±0.11 1.90 ±0.02 1.62 ±0.201) 2.10 ±0.011)
CL/L·h-1·kg-1 4.82 ±0.10 2.61 ±0.02 2.82 ±0.221) 1.83 ±0.011)
Vd/L·kg-1 8.78 ±0.99 5.50 ±0.05 5.05 ±0.691) 3.97 ±0.021)
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叶酸修饰的斑蝥素/黄芩苷脂质体在正常大鼠与荷瘤大鼠体内的药动学及组织分布差异研究
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高昱 1 , 杨磊 1 , 金凯 2 , 肖望重 1 , 王璐 1 , 戴冰 1 , 鹿爱娟 1 , 黄莉 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(1): 39-46
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(1): 39-46
叶酸修饰的斑蝥素/黄芩苷脂质体在正常大鼠与荷瘤大鼠体内的药动学及组织分布差异研究
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高昱1, 杨磊1, 金凯2, 肖望重1, 王璐1, 戴冰1, 鹿爱娟1, 黄莉1, *
作者信息
  • 1 湖南中医药大学第一附属医院, 长沙 410000
  • 2 湖南省教育科学研究院, 长沙 410005
  • 高昱,男,硕士,药师 研究方向:中药制剂及药效学研究

通讯作者:

*黄莉,女,博士,副主任药师,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药新药研发 Tel:(0731)85600544
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Folate-modified Cantharidin/Baicalin Liposomes in Normal and Tumor-bearing Rats
Yu GAO1, Lei YANG1, Kai JIN2, Wangzhong XIAO1, Lu Wang1, Bing DAI1, Aijuan LU1, Li HUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, China
  • 2 Hunan Academy of Education Sciences, Changsha 410005, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.005
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目的 评价叶酸修饰的斑蝥素/黄芩苷脂质体(DSPE-PEG2k-folate-cantharidin&baicalin@lipsomes,FA-Can&Bai@Lips)在正常大鼠与荷瘤大鼠体内的药动学及组织分布差异。方法 以HepG2细胞悬液接种于大鼠右侧腋下诱导荷瘤大鼠模型,尾静脉注射FA-Can&Bai@Lips后采集不同给药时间点血浆与组织(心、肝、脾、肺、肾),采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS)测定血浆及组织中斑蝥素和黄芩苷浓度,应用Phoenix WinNonlin软件计算药动学参数,并分析比较FA-Can&Bai@Lips在正常机体状态与荷瘤状态下的药动学和组织分布差异。结果 建立的同时测定斑蝥素与黄芩苷的UPLC-MS/MS方法线性关系良好,专属性、准确度与精密度、提取回收率与基质效应及稳定性等均符合生物样本检测要求。药动学参数表明,与正常组大鼠相比,荷瘤大鼠体内斑蝥素与黄芩苷的药时曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC0-t、AUC0-∞)、平均驻留时间(mean residence time,MRT0-t、MRT0-∞)均显著升高(P<0.05),分别增加了55.68%、72.50%、43.10%、45.95%和15.10%、42.54%、9.09%、10.53%;斑蝥素在荷瘤大鼠体内半衰期(half-life,t1/2)缩短,但无显著性差异,而黄芩苷的t1/2显著延长(P<0.05),两者的表观分布容积(apparent volume of distribution, Vd)与清除率(clearance rate,CL)均明显降低。组织分布结果显示,斑蝥素与黄芩苷在荷瘤大鼠肝脏中浓度明显高于正常大鼠,其余组织药物浓度均显著低于正常大鼠。结论 UPLC-MS/MS法分析速度快、简单、特异、灵敏,可用于大鼠血浆及组织中斑蝥素与黄芩苷的测定,且证实荷瘤状态会对FA-Can&Bai@Lips的体内药动学及组织分布产生明显影响。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  斑蝥素  /  黄芩苷  /  脂质体  /  荷瘤大鼠  /  药动学  /  组织分布

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the difference of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of folate-modified cantharidin/baicalin liposomes(FA-Can&Bai@Lips) in normal and tumor-bearing rats. METHODS HepG2 cell suspension was inoculated into the right armpit of rat to induce tumor bearing animal models. After tail vein injection of FA-Can&Bai@Lips, plasma and tissues(heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) were collected at different time points. The concentrations of cantharidin and baicalin in plasma and tissues were determined by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Phoenix WinNonlin software, and the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution differences of FA-Can&Bai@Lips in normal and tumor-bearing rats were analyzed and compared. RESULTS The UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of cantharidin and baicalin has a good linear relationship. The specificity, accuracy and precision, extraction recovery rate and matrix effect, residual effect and stability meet the requirements of biological sample detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the area under the curve(AUC0-t,AUC0-∞), the mean residence time(MRT0-t, MRT0-∞) of cantharidin and baicalin in plasma of tumor-bearing rats were significantly higher than those in normal rats(P<0.05), which increased by 55.68%, 72.50%, 43.10%, 45.95% and 15.10%, 42.54%, 9.09%, 10.53% respectively. The half-life(t1/2) of cantharidin was slightly shortened in tumor-bearing rats with no significant difference, while the t1/2 of baicalin was significantly prolonged(P<0.05). The apparent volume of distribution(Vd) and clearance(CL) of cantharidin and BA were significantly decreased. The results of tissue distribution showed that the concentrations of cantharidin and BA in the liver of tumor-bearing rats were significantly higher than those of normal rats, and the other tissues were significantly lower(P<0.01). CONCLUSION The UPLC-MS/MS method is rapid, simple, specific and sensitive, and can be used for the determination of cantharidin and baicalin in plasma and tissues of rats. It is confirmed that the tumor-bearing status can significantly affect the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of FA-Can&Bai@Lips in vivo.

UPLC-MS/MS  /  cantharidin  /  baicalin  /  liposome  /  tumor-bearing rat  /  pharmacokinetics  /  tissue distribution
高昱, 杨磊, 金凯, 肖望重, 王璐, 戴冰, 鹿爱娟, 黄莉. 叶酸修饰的斑蝥素/黄芩苷脂质体在正常大鼠与荷瘤大鼠体内的药动学及组织分布差异研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (1) : 39 -46 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.005
Yu GAO, Lei YANG, Kai JIN, Wangzhong XIAO, Lu Wang, Bing DAI, Aijuan LU, Li HUANG. Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Folate-modified Cantharidin/Baicalin Liposomes in Normal and Tumor-bearing Rats[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (1) : 39 -46 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.005
复方脂质体,又称共载脂质体,是一类利用脂质体内外双相特性,同时包载小分子药物、抗生素、疫苗成分、基因治疗分子等不同极性药物的一种药物制剂形式[1-2]。目前,中药复方脂质体多集中在西药研究模式下的单体成分、有效部位或与化学药物联用等方面,如黄连碱和厚朴酚共载治疗肺癌、葛根素和黄连素共载治疗糖尿病肾病、芍药苷和阿魏酸共载治疗关节炎、五味子乙素与多柔比星共载缓解肿瘤多药耐药等,是一种有助于提高中药疗效及安全性的现代化技术[3-9]
斑蝥素(cantharidin,Can)是一种从芫青科昆虫南方大斑蝥(Mylabris phalerata Pallas)或黄黑小斑蝥(Mylabris cichorii Linnaeus)中提取的天然有机酸,传统医学常用于治疗肿瘤、痛经、风湿病等多种疾病,而现代研究多关注其抗肿瘤特性,尤其是治疗肝癌方面,但由于其一定的泌尿系统毒性和皮肤刺激性,在使用时往往需要严格控制剂量[10-11]。黄芩苷(baicalin,Bai)是黄芩中的一种主要活性成分,具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化等作用,能使肝细胞免受毒素和药物的损害,促进肝细胞再生,改善肝脏功能[12]。课题组基于脂质体双相共载技术成功制得叶酸修饰的斑蝥素与黄芩苷共载脂质体(FA-Can&Bai@Lips),稳定性好、包封率及安全性高,能抑制肿瘤细胞迁移,使肿瘤细胞周期停留在G1/G0期,并能有效激活线粒体介导的内源性B细胞淋巴瘤-2/半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Bcl-2/Caspase 3)凋亡通路,发挥良好的抗肝肿瘤作用[13]
如何全面评价脂质体体内有效性及安全性是药学领域研究的热点之一。受脂质体组成、药物性质、生理因素及给药方式、剂量等多因素的影响,脂质体的体内吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程是十分复杂的。尤其是当机体处于病理状态下时,各组织器官生理功能发生不同程度紊乱,会使脂质体的体内行为发生实质性变化[14]。因此,基于病理状态下开展脂质体有效性和安全性评价至关重要,本实验采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)联用技术探究FA-Can&Bai@Lips经正常大鼠与荷瘤大鼠尾静脉注射后的药动学与组织分布差异,以期为FA-Can&Bai@Lips的体内作用机制及临床合理设计给药方案提供科学依据。
20~1 000 μL可调式移液枪(大龙兴创实验仪器有限公司);PB100型手持式匀浆机(英国普律玛有限公司);Centri Vap真空离心浓缩仪(美国Thermo Fisher公司);Z32HK型高速冷冻离心机(德国贺默仪器科技有限公司);Agilent 1290 Infinity型超高效液相色谱、Agilent 6470A型三重四级杆串联质谱仪(美国安捷伦科技公司)。
FA-Can&Bai@Lips(实验室自制,斑蝥素与黄芩苷的包封率按课题组前期研究方法[15-16]分别测得为90.2%、81.2%);斑蝥素对照品(批号110783-201105,质量分数98.6%)、黄芩苷对照品(批号110715-201720,质量分数93.5%)、苦杏仁苷(amygdalin)对照品(批号110820-202109,质量分数93.1%)(中国食品药品检定研究院);甲酸、甲醇、乙腈(质谱级,德国默克医药生物科技公司);蒸馏水(屈臣氏集团有限公司);其余试剂为分析纯。人肝癌HepG2细胞(湖南丰晖生物科技有限公司);FBS胎牛血清(批号10270-106)、DMEM培养基(批号8115247)、0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化液(批号25200-056)(美国Gibco公司);磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,批号08919,美国Hyclone公司);青霉素-链霉素混合液(批号20190928,北京索莱宝科技有限公司);其余耗材均购自美国Corning公司。
SD大鼠(SPF级,雌雄各半,体质量180~220 g,湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司),所有实验动物置于SPF级动物房中饲养,实验室温度为20~26 ℃,相对湿度为40%~70%,实验前禁食12 h以上,自由饮水。所有动物实验经湖南中医药大学第一附属医院实验动物伦理委员会批准(批准号:ZYFY20211008-56),并遵循有关实验动物管理和使用的规定。
取160只SD大鼠,适应性喂养1周后,随机分为正常空白组、正常给药组、荷瘤空白组及荷瘤给药组;正常组给予维持饲料,荷瘤组在消毒后的右侧腋下接种浓度为每毫升8×106个的HepG2细胞悬液,待肿瘤直径约1 cm时用于后续实验。造模成功后,给药前禁食12 h,自由饮水,正常给药组与荷瘤给药组按4.8 mg·kg-1(以药物总量计算)尾静脉注射FA-Can&Bai@Lips混悬液,空白组予以等体积生理盐水。
给药后,分别于0、5、15、30、45、60、90、120、150 min眼眦静脉采血,置于涂有肝素的离心管中,4 000 r·min-1条件下离心20 min,分离血浆于-80 ℃冻存备用;各时间点取血后处死大鼠,立即剖取心、肝、脾、肺、肾各脏器,用生理盐水冲洗净,用滤纸吸干水分,称定质量,-80 ℃冻存备用。
精密吸取血浆或组织匀浆液(称取0.1 g组织置于离心管中,加入等量生理盐水经高速匀浆所得)100 μL,加入3倍量甲醇溶液(含苦杏仁苷 0.4 μg·mL-1),涡旋振荡5 min,4 000 r·min-1条件下离心30 min,取上清液100 μL置于1.5 mL离心管中,1 500 r·min-1、40 ℃真空离心浓缩,残留物加入200 μL 0.1%甲酸-甲醇溶液复溶,冰水浴超声5 min,涡旋5 min,4 ℃下16 000 r·min-1离心20 min,吸取上清液置内衬管中,即得。
精密称取斑蝥素、黄芩苷以及内标物苦杏仁苷对照品适量,加甲醇溶解,得质量浓度为3 mg·mL-1 的单一对照品储备液。所有储备液置于-80 ℃冰箱中备用。
精密吸取“1.4.1”项下储备液适量,以甲醇为溶剂,配制工作溶液:斑蝥素 0.04、0.4、0.8、2、4、20、40 μg·mL-1;黄芩苷0.12、1.2、2.4、6、12、60、120 μg·mL-1。同法制备质控样品工作液:斑蝥素 0.4、4、8 μg·mL-1;黄芩苷1.2、2.4、24 μg·mL-1
精密吸取血浆或组织匀浆液100 μL,按“1.4.3”项下方法制备得以下质量浓度范围内标准曲线溶液:斑蝥素 0.50~500 ng·mL-1;黄芩苷1.5~1 500 ng·mL-1。同法制备质控溶液:斑蝥素 5、50、100 ng·mL-1;黄芩苷 15、150、300 ng·mL-1
色谱柱:ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm);流动相:A(体积分数0.1% 甲酸水)、B(体积分数0.1% 甲酸乙腈);柱温:30 ℃;流速:0.2 mL·min-1;进样量:2 μL。梯度洗脱:0~2 min,B:10%~20%;2~3 min,B:20%;3~6 min,B:20%~40%;6~7 min,B:40%~60%;7~8 min,B:60%~98%;8~10 min,B:98%。
用电喷雾AJS ESI离子源,多离子反应监测正离子模式扫描,干燥气温度:325 ℃;干燥气体体积流量:6 L·min-1;喷嘴电压:310.26 kPa;鞘气温度:350 ℃;鞘气体积流量11 L·min-1;斑蝥素、黄芩苷、苦杏仁苷的监测离子对分别为m/z 197.1→95.1、m/z 447.1→271.1、m/z 480.1→347.1。
按“1.4.3”项下方法制备空白血浆样品、含对照品的空白血浆样品、给药30 min后的血浆样品,经“1.6”项条件下进样分析,由图1可见,斑蝥素、黄芩苷与内标物的色谱峰型良好,保留时间分别为4.08、5.82、2.53 min,且血浆中内源性物质不会对斑蝥素、黄芩苷及内标物的测定产生干扰,表明该色谱分离方法的选择性和专属性良好。
精密吸取“1.5.3”项下标准曲线溶液,按“1.6”项下条件进样分析,以对照品质量浓度为横坐标(ρ),血浆中待测物质与内标物峰面积之比为纵坐标(Y),进行线性回归,得到斑蝥素、黄芩苷的标准曲线方程分别为Y=0.010 1ρ+0.002 5(r=0.999 5)、Y=0.027 3ρ-0.019 8(r=0.999 2)。结果表明,斑蝥素与黄芩苷分别在0.50~500、1.5~1 500 ng·mL-1内线性关系良好,定量下限(lower limit of quantification,LLOQ)分别为0.50、1.50 ng·mL-1
精密吸取6份线性范围上限样品进样分析,每次进样后测定空白血浆样品,分别记录峰面积。结果显示,血浆空白样品中斑蝥素和黄芩苷的平均峰面积分别为LLOQ的6.62%、5.72%,不超过LLOQ响应的20%,且不超过内标响应的5%,表明该分析方法残留符合生物样品测定的需求。
精密吸取“1.5”项下LLOQ、低、中、高浓度的质控溶液,每一个浓度平行制备6份,按“1.6”项下条件进样分析,计算批内准确度与精密度;重复操作制备3批质控样品,分3 d按“1.6”项下条件进样分析,计算批间准确度与精密度,结果见表1。斑蝥素与黄芩苷的准确度均在85%~115%之间,且日内和日间精密度的相对标准偏差(RSD)均不超过15%,表明该方法精密度与准确度良好,符合生物样品测定的方法学要求。
取“1.5”项下低、中、高3个质量浓度的质控溶液,每一个浓度平行制备6份,按“1.6”项下条件进样分析,记录化合物峰面积与内标物峰面积的比值为A1;精密取6份不同来源的空白大鼠血浆100 μL,按“1.4.3”项下方法处理至“真空离心浓缩”,分别加入低、中、高3个质量浓度的对照品溶液复溶后进样分析,记录化合物峰面积与内标物峰面积的比值为A2;用同体积的超纯水代替空白大鼠血浆,按“1.4.3”项下方法处理至“真空离心浓缩”,分别加入低、中、高3个质量浓度的对照品溶液复溶后进样分析,每一个浓度平行制备6份,记录化合物峰面积与内标物峰面积的比值为A3。以A1/A2×100%为提取回收率,以A2/A3×100%为基质效应,结果见表2。结果表明,斑蝥素、黄芩苷的提取回收率与基质效应分别在93.49%~111.36%、85.25%~113.42%,说明内源物质对两成分的含量测定干扰较小,且提取回收率均符合生物样品测定要求。
取“1.5”项下低、中、高3个质量浓度的质控溶液,每一个浓度平行制备6份,按“1.6”项下条件进样分析,分别考察短期稳定性(4 ℃放置24 h)、长期稳定性(-20 ℃放置30 d)、冻融稳定性(-20 ℃冷冻,4 ℃复融循环3次),结果见表3。结果表明,斑蝥素和黄芩苷在不同处理条件下稳定性良好,RSD均小于15%,符合生物样品测定要求。
各实验组大鼠经尾静脉注射给药后,采用经验证的UPLC-MS/MS方法对各时间点血浆及各组织中的斑蝥素与黄芩苷进行测定,用GraphPad Prism 9.0以血药浓度对时间作图,得到药-时曲线见图2,正常大鼠与荷瘤大鼠体内斑蝥素与黄芩苷浓度随着时间的延长而降低,在给药后150 min时仍能被检出,且给药30 min后斑蝥素的消除速率较黄芩苷小。采用Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1.0 药动学软件和非房室模型计算得出各成分药动学参数见表4,并对各组的参数进行单因素方差分析,两两比较采用 LSD 检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果显示,与正常组大鼠相比,荷瘤大鼠体内斑蝥素与黄芩苷的药时曲线下面积(AUC0-t、AUC0-∞)、平均驻留时间(MRT0-t、MRT0-∞)均显著升高(P<0.05),分别增加了55.68%、72.50%、43.10%、45.95%和15.10%、42.54%、9.09%、10.53%,说明斑蝥素与黄芩苷在荷瘤大鼠血浆中的暴露量增加;斑蝥素在荷瘤大鼠体内半衰期(t1/2)稍缩短,但无显著性差异,而黄芩苷的t1/2显著延长(P<0.05),两者的表观分布容积(apparent volume of distribution,Vd)与清除率(clearance, CL)均明显降低。
正常和荷瘤大鼠经尾静脉注射FA-Can&Bai@Lips后不同时间点不同组织中斑蝥素与黄芩苷的浓度见图3。结果显示,与正常大鼠相比,斑蝥素与黄芩苷在荷瘤大鼠肝脏中的浓度分别在30、45 min时达到峰值,且其他组织中斑蝥素与黄芩苷浓度较肝脏中的药物浓度低;注射60 min后,斑蝥素在荷瘤大鼠肝脏中的浓度蓄积趋势持续保持,而黄芩苷的浓度开始降低。由此可知,荷瘤状态能增加FA-Can&Bai@Lips在肝脏的蓄积,提高肝靶向性,并通过减少其他组织的分布而相对降低斑蝥素的毒性作用,斑蝥素与黄芩苷在不同大鼠组织内的浓度差异可能与其本身的理化性质有关。
在众多的生物样品分析方法中,液质联用因结合了液相色谱的高分辨性能及质谱的结构信息捕捉能力而成为当今最主流的分析方法之一[17]。本研究选用UPLC-MS/MS法作为血浆及组织中药物含量的检测方法,并对其色谱条件和质谱条件进行了优化,比较了甲醇-水、乙腈-水、甲醇-体积分数0.1%甲酸溶液、乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液及乙腈(含体积分数0.1%甲酸)-体积分数0.1%甲酸溶液。结果显示,在以乙腈(含体积分数0.1%甲酸)-体积分数0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相的条件下,待测物及内标物响应度高、峰形好、背景噪音小,这是由于在正离子模式下,有机酸的加入可增加待测物的离子化效应,增强待测物的响应,改善不对称峰形[18-19]。为了减少基质效应以及提高待测药物回收率,考察了有机溶剂液液萃取法及蛋白沉淀法等不同生物样品处理方法,有机溶剂液液萃取法提取的待测物损失量大,提取回收率低,而以甲醇为蛋白沉淀剂时提取回收率较乙腈沉淀要高,且不存在内源物质干扰[20-21]。因此,本研究以含体积分数0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液为复溶剂时,待测物及内标物的稳定性最佳。
斑蝥素是一种单帖类过氧化物,具有亲脂性及挥发性,常用薄层色谱、气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱等方法进行含量测定,其中液相色谱-质谱法在药物体内检验方面应用广泛[22-23];黄芩苷是一种黄酮类化合物,因分子内氢键的作用导致水溶性差,口服后生物利用度低[24];两者配伍分载于脂质体的双分子层与亲水腔,既减少了因极性差异所致的生物利用度低,又增加了协同抗肝癌的作用。本研究的药动学结果显示,斑蝥素在正常大鼠及荷瘤大鼠血浆内的变化趋势在给药后的前30 min是相似的,给药30 min后荷瘤大鼠血浆内斑蝥素浓度变化相对平缓,可能与其处于脂质体脂质双分子层而受血浆影响较小有关,黄芩苷在荷瘤机体状态下给药15 min 后血浆内变化趋势较正常大鼠明显,可能是脂质体亲水腔在血浆内稳定性较差所致。肿瘤的发生发展对机体各组织、器官及免疫反应等正常生理功能存在不同的影响,当机体处于荷瘤状态时,往往会导致氧糖酵解及脂肪酸合成增加、谷氨酰胺分解代谢加快等多种代谢途径改变的情况[25]。根据药动学参数可知,受荷瘤状态影响,斑蝥素与黄芩苷的AUC0-t、AUC0-∞、MRT0-t、MRT0-∞均显著升高,而两者的Vd与CL均明显降低,提示因病理状态可能使药物代谢酶(CYP450、UGT等)活性降低,斑蝥素与黄芩苷在荷瘤大鼠体内消除速度减慢,血浆中暴露量增加,对延长FA-Can&Bai@Lips在荷瘤大鼠体内的作用时间,减少用药间隔具有重要指导意义。此作用及其机制有待进一步验证。此外,研究表明斑蝥素、黄芩苷的代谢与肝脏、肾密切相关[9,26-27]。荷瘤状态下斑蝥素吸收入血后,在肝、肾等血流丰富的组织大量蓄积,且肝脏中浓度蓄积效果优于肾脏,而其他组织中斑蝥素的分布均有不同程度降低;黄芩苷在吸收入血后,先分布于肝、肾,60 min后荷瘤大鼠肝脏中浓度蓄积减少,可能与黄芩苷在肝脏内被β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(GUS)水解为黄芩素有关[28]。综合两者可知,荷瘤状态能明显改变FA-Can&Bai@Lips的体内药动学行为及组织分布。
综上所述,本研究建立的UPLC-MS/MS分析方法简便、快速、灵敏,可用于FA-Can&Bai@Lips体内的药动学及组织分布研究。FA-Can&Bai@Lips在荷瘤模型上的药动学行为和组织分布与正常大鼠存在显著差异,为FA-Can&Bai@Lips的有效性、靶向性及毒性提供了实验依据,也为其临床开发与应用提供科学指导。
  • 湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目资助(22B0375)
  • 湖南省卫生健康委员会项目资助(202213014042)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金项目资助(2022JJ80023)
  • 湖南中医药大学校级科研项目资助(2020XJJJ044)
  • 湖南省老中医药专家学术经验继承项目资助(湘中医药函〔2020〕37号)
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2025年第60卷第1期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.005
  • 接收时间:2024-06-19
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-19
基金
湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目资助(22B0375)
湖南省卫生健康委员会项目资助(202213014042)
湖南省自然科学基金项目资助(2022JJ80023)
湖南中医药大学校级科研项目资助(2020XJJJ044)
湖南省老中医药专家学术经验继承项目资助(湘中医药函〔2020〕37号)
作者信息
    1 湖南中医药大学第一附属医院, 长沙 410000
    2 湖南省教育科学研究院, 长沙 410005

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*黄莉,女,博士,副主任药师,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药新药研发 Tel:(0731)85600544
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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