Article(id=1199703584393753428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)01-0021-11, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.01.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1716912000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763961223934, onlineDateStr=2025-11-24, pubDate=1736265600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763961223934, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763961223934, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763961223934, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1199703581889753882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='104', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763961223337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763967062652, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1199728073798157161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1199728073798157162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1199703581889753882, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=21, endPage=31, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1199703584607662948, articleId=1199703584393753428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Optimization of Processing Technology of Salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma Using Multi-index Response Surface Method Combined with Chromaticity, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To optimize the processing technology of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and to clarify the correlation between the chemical composition content and color value of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. METHODS Mangiferin, neomangiferin, isomangiferin, timosaponin AⅡ, timosaponin AⅢ, timosaponin BⅡ and timosaponin BⅢ were used as evaluation indexes, and the amount of salt water, stir-frying time and stir-frying temperature were used as influencing factors. Design-Expert 12.0 software, Box-Behnken response surface method combined with weighting method were used to optimize the processing technology of salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma. The chromaticity values of 17 samples with different process parameters under response surface method were determined, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on their components and chromaticity values. RESULTS The optimum processing technology was as follows:50 mL of 80 mg·mL-1 salt water was added to each 200 g of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma decoction pieces, the stir-frying time was 15 min, and the stir-frying temperature was 140 ℃. The results of chromaticity study showed that the content of mangiferin, neomangiferin, isomangiferin and timosaponin BⅡ was negatively correlated with the chromaticity value L*, and positively correlated with the chromaticity values a* and b*, indicating that the smaller the L* value, the larger the a* value, the larger the b* value, the closer the salt to the dark yellow, the higher the content of mangiferin, neomangiferin, isomangiferin and timosaponin BⅡ. CONCLUSION The optimized processing technology is stable and feasible. The analysis method for the determination of 7 components in salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is accurate and reliable. The chemical composition of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma has a significant correlation with the color value. The quality of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma can be preliminarily evaluated by the appearance color, which provides a theoretical basis for its multi-dimensional quality evaluation.

, correspAuthors=Xiaolin HOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yanan CHEN, Lili WENG, Chunping XIAO, Yuxin JIANG, Jingrong YANG, Xiaolin HOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1199703588143461363, articleId=1199703584393753428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=多指标-响应面法结合色度优化盐知母炮制工艺, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 优化盐知母炮制工艺,并明确盐知母化学成分含量与颜色值之间的相关性。方法 以芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷BⅢ为评价指标,以盐水量、炒制时间和炒制温度为影响因素,利用Design-Expert 12.0软件,Box-Behnken响应面法结合加权法,优化盐知母炮制工艺,并测定响应面法项下不同工艺参数的17份样品色度值,对其成分与色度值进行Pearson相关性分析。结果 最佳炮制工艺为每200 g知母饮片加入80 mg·mL-1的盐水50 mL,炒制时间15 min,炒制温度140 ℃;色度研究结果表明,芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ的含量与色度值L*呈负相关,与色度值a*、b*均呈正相关,说明L*值越小、a*值越大、b*值越大,盐知母越接近深黄色,芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ含量越高。结论 优选得到的炮制工艺稳定可行,建立测定盐知母中7个成分的分析方法准确可靠,盐知母化学成分与颜色值具有显著相关性,可通过外观色泽初步评价盐知母的品质,为其多维度质量评价提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=侯晓琳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*侯晓琳,女,硕士,实验师 研究方向:中药品质评价与资源开发研究 Tel:(0431)86172211
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陈亚楠,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药品质鉴定、质量标准及其开发利用研究

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陈亚楠,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药品质鉴定、质量标准及其开发利用研究

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Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2023, 58(23):2157-2164., articleTitle=Study on the correlation between chroma value and characteristic chromatogram of Rubia cordifolia charcoal with different processing time, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1199727469361197392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, awardId=20220204065YY, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林省科技发展计划项目资助(20220204065YY), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1199727459135483985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199727459156455505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, companyId=1199727459135483985, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1199727459164844114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, companyId=1199727459135483985, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=长春中医药大学药学院, 长春 130117)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1199727463954739429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=HPLC of mixed neomangiferin, mangiferin, isomangiferin reference substance(A) and salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma decoction pieces(B)

1-Neomangiferin; 2-Mangiferin; 3-Isomangiferin.

, figureFileSmall=wkLs/waGqXhmeAoX3TWHhQ==, figureFileBig=rKPRWekXM4mOUCPHx37Tiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464059597032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=图1, caption=新芒果苷、芒果苷、异芒果苷混合对照品(A)和盐知母样品(B)HPLC图

1-新芒果苷;2-芒果苷;3-异芒果苷。

, figureFileSmall=wkLs/waGqXhmeAoX3TWHhQ==, figureFileBig=rKPRWekXM4mOUCPHx37Tiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464189620459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=HPLC diagram of mixed timosaponin reference substance(A) and salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma decoction pieces sample(B)

1-timosaponin BⅡ; 2-timosaponin BⅢ; 3-timosaponin AⅡ; 4-timosaponin AⅢ.

, figureFileSmall=5wxXzbPbqO0KA4BR42E6LA==, figureFileBig=pVqDuTQWSnRIkQUEik0wyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464260923632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=图2, caption=知母皂苷混合对照品(A)和盐知母样品(B)的HPLC图

1-知母皂苷BⅡ; 2-知母皂苷BⅢ; 3-知母皂苷AⅡ; 4-知母皂苷AⅢ。

, figureFileSmall=5wxXzbPbqO0KA4BR42E6LA==, figureFileBig=pVqDuTQWSnRIkQUEik0wyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464353198324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Response surface diagram of each factor of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma processing technology, figureFileSmall=ez+CxlX2UcLBAFwWkwXBCQ==, figureFileBig=PfEncFFE5mKHMhNpbFygQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464470638841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=图3, caption=盐知母炮制工艺各因素响应面图, figureFileSmall=ez+CxlX2UcLBAFwWkwXBCQ==, figureFileBig=PfEncFFE5mKHMhNpbFygQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464579690751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Seventeen Pieces of salt Anemarrhena decoction pieces, figureFileSmall=0+Da/O1YuuxN6SqR+lIL/g==, figureFileBig=mZcr9qGaC4EcyQzqJru5gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464688742654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=图4, caption=17份盐知母饮片图, figureFileSmall=0+Da/O1YuuxN6SqR+lIL/g==, figureFileBig=mZcr9qGaC4EcyQzqJru5gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464764240128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Seventeen Pieces of salt Anemarrhena powder figure, figureFileSmall=w0tj2n4QKuyukJcHtna/5A==, figureFileBig=lFGpkn1k3SjOv18cA7Jyhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464856514817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=图5, caption=17份盐知母粉末图, figureFileSmall=w0tj2n4QKuyukJcHtna/5A==, figureFileBig=lFGpkn1k3SjOv18cA7Jyhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727464948789508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Chromatic heat map of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma samples(S1-S17), figureFileSmall=+4DtFD3BaWzwDnvD2w+Gmg==, figureFileBig=t/zQsOVcoF57Gbamv8yjVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727465045258502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=图6, caption=盐知母样品(S1~S17)的色度热图, figureFileSmall=+4DtFD3BaWzwDnvD2w+Gmg==, figureFileBig=t/zQsOVcoF57Gbamv8yjVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727465141727497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The mass fraction of effective components(A) and the change trend of chromaticity value(B) of salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma, figureFileSmall=SCPScQMZ7juc/oJnRpCjkw==, figureFileBig=/A6cfUE+WPW8oObybcUH2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727465246585100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=图7, caption=盐知母有效成分质量分数(A)和色度值变化趋势图(B), figureFileSmall=SCPScQMZ7juc/oJnRpCjkw==, figureFileBig=/A6cfUE+WPW8oObybcUH2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727465317888271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Pearson correlation analysis heat map, figureFileSmall=iY3H5glVg7K8wkM2gfVDdg==, figureFileBig=4EsJV7lncTGxsrqmgBz7iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727465397580051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=图8, caption=Pearson相关性分析热图, figureFileSmall=iY3H5glVg7K8wkM2gfVDdg==, figureFileBig=4EsJV7lncTGxsrqmgBz7iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1199727465515020565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Linear relationship of index components of salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index component Regression equation r Range of linearity/μg·mL-1 Detection limit/μg·mL-1 Limit of quantitation/μg·mL-1
Mangiferin Y=3 659 050.048 1X+198 614.520 5 0.999 8 45.6-456.0 3.25 9.82
Neomangiferin Y=3 045 708.912 4X+146 105.794 5 0.999 6 41.3-413.0 2.76 8.47
Isomangiferin Y=3 045 708.912 4X+146 105.794 5 0.999 8 13.2-132.0 0.89 3.22
Timosaponin AⅡ Y=2 015.884 8X+17.092 6 0.999 6 4.0-40.0 0.13 0.98
Timosaponin AⅢ Y=8 056.287 0X+416.563 0 0.999 5 34.0-340.0 1.64 5.28
Timosaponin BⅡ Y=16 874.574 4X+13 932.186 3 0.999 6 117.0-1 170.0 10.21 31.43
Timosaponin BⅢ Y=4 871.946 8X+15.388 9 0.999 6 5.2-52.0 0.26 0.92
), ArticleFig(id=1199727465594712343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

盐知母指标成分的线性关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index component Regression equation r Range of linearity/μg·mL-1 Detection limit/μg·mL-1 Limit of quantitation/μg·mL-1
Mangiferin Y=3 659 050.048 1X+198 614.520 5 0.999 8 45.6-456.0 3.25 9.82
Neomangiferin Y=3 045 708.912 4X+146 105.794 5 0.999 6 41.3-413.0 2.76 8.47
Isomangiferin Y=3 045 708.912 4X+146 105.794 5 0.999 8 13.2-132.0 0.89 3.22
Timosaponin AⅡ Y=2 015.884 8X+17.092 6 0.999 6 4.0-40.0 0.13 0.98
Timosaponin AⅢ Y=8 056.287 0X+416.563 0 0.999 5 34.0-340.0 1.64 5.28
Timosaponin BⅡ Y=16 874.574 4X+13 932.186 3 0.999 6 117.0-1 170.0 10.21 31.43
Timosaponin BⅢ Y=4 871.946 8X+15.388 9 0.999 6 5.2-52.0 0.26 0.92
), ArticleFig(id=1199727465703764249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Sample recovery rate of index components of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma salt

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index component m(Known quantity)/mg m(Added)/mg m(Measured)/mg Recovery/% Average recovery rate/% RSD/%
Mangiferin 4.431 6 4.420 9 8.881 3 100.651 2 100.25 0.79
4.400 6 4.420 9 8.835 5 100.315 9
4.419 1 4.420 9 8.904 0 101.447 3
4.428 3 4.420 9 8.808 0 99.068 7
4.430 6 4.420 9 8.860 4 100.200 7
4.415 4 4.420 9 8.828 2 99.816 4
Neomangiferin 1.352 5 1.358 7 2.775 2 104.710 4 104.33 0.48
1.351 2 1.358 7 2.777 3 104.958 9
1.355 3 1.358 7 2.774 7 104.473 1
1.359 7 1.358 7 2.777 8 104.373 1
1.370 4 1.358 7 2.781 1 103.829 9
1.363 1 1.358 7 2.771 3 103.641 4
Isomangiferin 0.335 2 0.329 0 0.665 4 100.361 4 99.40 1.49
0.317 4 0.329 0 0.650 1 101.129 0
0.335 8 0.329 0 0.658 3 98.016 2
0.341 2 0.329 0 0.671 1 100.296 1
0.347 6 0.329 0 0.667 7 97.310 1
0.296 7 0.329 0 0.623 3 99.267 5
Timosaponin AⅡ 0.162 0 0.161 7 0.326 0 101.467 2 100.05 1.68
0.166 0 0.161 7 0.327 2 99.701 5
0.160 5 0.161 7 0.324 5 101.427 5
0.161 7 0.161 7 0.325 5 101.321 4
0.161 7 0.161 7 0.319 1 97.320 8
0.158 5 0.161 7 0.318 6 99.033 6
Timosaponin AⅢ 1.440 3 1.408 2 2.827 6 98.512 1 98.86 1.89
1.358 9 1.408 2 2.723 8 96.921 6
1.415 9 1.408 2 2.839 0 101.053 2
1.371 9 1.408 2 2.742 2 97.304 4
1.447 1 1.408 2 2.873 1 101.262 0
1.415 2 1.408 2 2.796 5 98.090 3
Timosaponin BⅡ 1.248 0 1.219 4 2.451 9 98.727 9 98.45 1.76
1.160 8 1.219 4 2.337 4 96.481 9
1.199 0 1.219 4 2.419 2 100.059 6
1.238 8 1.219 4 2.430 2 97.696 3
1.207 4 1.219 4 2.436 9 100.825 4
1.262 5 1.219 4 2.444 3 96.910 7
Timosaponin BⅢ 0.164 2 0.157 7 0.328 2 103.958 4 102.71 1.70
0.159 9 0.157 7 0.323 0 103.400 8
0.160 0 0.157 7 0.322 2 102.812 8
0.150 2 0.157 7 0.307 7 99.876 2
0.157 2 0.157 7 0.322 3 104.678 1
0.154 8 0.157 7 0.314 9 101.507 6
), ArticleFig(id=1199727465821204763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

盐知母指标成分的加样回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index component m(Known quantity)/mg m(Added)/mg m(Measured)/mg Recovery/% Average recovery rate/% RSD/%
Mangiferin 4.431 6 4.420 9 8.881 3 100.651 2 100.25 0.79
4.400 6 4.420 9 8.835 5 100.315 9
4.419 1 4.420 9 8.904 0 101.447 3
4.428 3 4.420 9 8.808 0 99.068 7
4.430 6 4.420 9 8.860 4 100.200 7
4.415 4 4.420 9 8.828 2 99.816 4
Neomangiferin 1.352 5 1.358 7 2.775 2 104.710 4 104.33 0.48
1.351 2 1.358 7 2.777 3 104.958 9
1.355 3 1.358 7 2.774 7 104.473 1
1.359 7 1.358 7 2.777 8 104.373 1
1.370 4 1.358 7 2.781 1 103.829 9
1.363 1 1.358 7 2.771 3 103.641 4
Isomangiferin 0.335 2 0.329 0 0.665 4 100.361 4 99.40 1.49
0.317 4 0.329 0 0.650 1 101.129 0
0.335 8 0.329 0 0.658 3 98.016 2
0.341 2 0.329 0 0.671 1 100.296 1
0.347 6 0.329 0 0.667 7 97.310 1
0.296 7 0.329 0 0.623 3 99.267 5
Timosaponin AⅡ 0.162 0 0.161 7 0.326 0 101.467 2 100.05 1.68
0.166 0 0.161 7 0.327 2 99.701 5
0.160 5 0.161 7 0.324 5 101.427 5
0.161 7 0.161 7 0.325 5 101.321 4
0.161 7 0.161 7 0.319 1 97.320 8
0.158 5 0.161 7 0.318 6 99.033 6
Timosaponin AⅢ 1.440 3 1.408 2 2.827 6 98.512 1 98.86 1.89
1.358 9 1.408 2 2.723 8 96.921 6
1.415 9 1.408 2 2.839 0 101.053 2
1.371 9 1.408 2 2.742 2 97.304 4
1.447 1 1.408 2 2.873 1 101.262 0
1.415 2 1.408 2 2.796 5 98.090 3
Timosaponin BⅡ 1.248 0 1.219 4 2.451 9 98.727 9 98.45 1.76
1.160 8 1.219 4 2.337 4 96.481 9
1.199 0 1.219 4 2.419 2 100.059 6
1.238 8 1.219 4 2.430 2 97.696 3
1.207 4 1.219 4 2.436 9 100.825 4
1.262 5 1.219 4 2.444 3 96.910 7
Timosaponin BⅢ 0.164 2 0.157 7 0.328 2 103.958 4 102.71 1.70
0.159 9 0.157 7 0.323 0 103.400 8
0.160 0 0.157 7 0.322 2 102.812 8
0.150 2 0.157 7 0.307 7 99.876 2
0.157 2 0.157 7 0.322 3 104.678 1
0.154 8 0.157 7 0.314 9 101.507 6
), ArticleFig(id=1199727465930256670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The results of salt water test of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Salt
discharge/mL-1
Index Comprehensive
score
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
30 7.60±0.77 9.89±0.76 0.55±0.02 0.53±0.06 9.29±0.47 25.22±0.77 7.69±0.37 69.36
40 7.73±0.69 12.39±0.69 0.50±0.05 0.85±0.13 10.86±0.55 16.22±0.85 46.92±0.51 94.85
50 8.44±0.73 11.07±0.71 0.57±0.03 0.88±0.12 10.79±0.53 22.96±0.71 42.73±0.55 95.05
60 5.59±0.71 7.20±0.61 0.43±0.02 0.89±0.11 11.95±0.51 4.33±0.81 66.26±0.45 82.03
70 7.21±0.75 9.24±0.72 0.46±0.01 0.37±0.05 9.08±0.43 25.39±0.75 3.67±0.31 64.09
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466026725664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

盐知母盐水量实验考察结果。n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Salt
discharge/mL-1
Index Comprehensive
score
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
30 7.60±0.77 9.89±0.76 0.55±0.02 0.53±0.06 9.29±0.47 25.22±0.77 7.69±0.37 69.36
40 7.73±0.69 12.39±0.69 0.50±0.05 0.85±0.13 10.86±0.55 16.22±0.85 46.92±0.51 94.85
50 8.44±0.73 11.07±0.71 0.57±0.03 0.88±0.12 10.79±0.53 22.96±0.71 42.73±0.55 95.05
60 5.59±0.71 7.20±0.61 0.43±0.02 0.89±0.11 11.95±0.51 4.33±0.81 66.26±0.45 82.03
70 7.21±0.75 9.24±0.72 0.46±0.01 0.37±0.05 9.08±0.43 25.39±0.75 3.67±0.31 64.09
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466102223137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The results of stir-frying time test of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Frying
time/min
Index Comprehensive
score
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
10 8.35±0.70 7.93±0.63 0.55±0.04 1.39±0.15 12.24±0.56 35.60±0.75 4.57±0.41 86.44
15 9.92±0.69 10.96±0.79 0.56±0.01 0.90±0.10 8.81±0.41 32.92±0.72 3.47±0.50 90.46
20 7.59±0.73 8.60±0.81 0.49±0.04 1.15±0.12 5.62±0.39 16.11±0.65 34.10±0.43 88.89
25 7.35±0.71 9.24±0.70 0.50±0.03 0.94±0.15 7.08±0.45 28.02±0.81 10.40±0.55 80.61
30 8.12±0.65 8.67±0.72 0.56±0.01 0.81±0.09 9.57±0.58 27.88±0.79 5.70±0.45 79.04
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466257412389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

盐知母炒制时间实验考察结果。n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Frying
time/min
Index Comprehensive
score
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
10 8.35±0.70 7.93±0.63 0.55±0.04 1.39±0.15 12.24±0.56 35.60±0.75 4.57±0.41 86.44
15 9.92±0.69 10.96±0.79 0.56±0.01 0.90±0.10 8.81±0.41 32.92±0.72 3.47±0.50 90.46
20 7.59±0.73 8.60±0.81 0.49±0.04 1.15±0.12 5.62±0.39 16.11±0.65 34.10±0.43 88.89
25 7.35±0.71 9.24±0.70 0.50±0.03 0.94±0.15 7.08±0.45 28.02±0.81 10.40±0.55 80.61
30 8.12±0.65 8.67±0.72 0.56±0.01 0.81±0.09 9.57±0.58 27.88±0.79 5.70±0.45 79.04
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466328715559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The results of stir-frying temperature test of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Frying
temperature/℃
Index Comprehensive
score
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
120 7.74±0.75 8.78±0.71 0.56±0.01 1.26±0.11 13.47±0.51 30.57±0.69 3.93±0.39 66.99
130 9.62±0.73 10.76±0.69 0.73±0.05 0.81±0.14 11.66±0.57 17.97±0.73 37.16±0.35 86.58
140 7.79±0.71 10.36±0.76 0.56±0.02 1.09±0.07 13.18±0.55 39.53±0.70 34.84±0.47 92.94
150 9.59±0.69 11.44±0.73 0.75±0.02 0.90±0.15 11.17±0.56 11.13±0.72 50.98±0.52 91.84
160 8.99±0.67 10.98±0.80 0.64±0.03 1.04±0.19 10.49±0.62 31.31±0.71 4.64±0.41 74.10
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466412601642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

盐知母炒制温度实验考察结果。n=3, $\bar{x}\pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Frying
temperature/℃
Index Comprehensive
score
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
120 7.74±0.75 8.78±0.71 0.56±0.01 1.26±0.11 13.47±0.51 30.57±0.69 3.93±0.39 66.99
130 9.62±0.73 10.76±0.69 0.73±0.05 0.81±0.14 11.66±0.57 17.97±0.73 37.16±0.35 86.58
140 7.79±0.71 10.36±0.76 0.56±0.02 1.09±0.07 13.18±0.55 39.53±0.70 34.84±0.47 92.94
150 9.59±0.69 11.44±0.73 0.75±0.02 0.90±0.15 11.17±0.56 11.13±0.72 50.98±0.52 91.84
160 8.99±0.67 10.98±0.80 0.64±0.03 1.04±0.19 10.49±0.62 31.31±0.71 4.64±0.41 74.10
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466504876332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Box-Behnken test factor level table of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Factors Level
-1 0 1
A(Salt discharge/mL) 40 50 60
B(Frying time/min) 10 15 20
C(Frying temperature/℃) 130 140 150
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466643288366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

盐知母Box-Behnken实验因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Factors Level
-1 0 1
A(Salt discharge/mL) 40 50 60
B(Frying time/min) 10 15 20
C(Frying temperature/℃) 130 140 150
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466794283315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Box-Behnken experimental design and results of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Salt
discharge/mL
Frying time
/min
Frying
temperature/℃
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin
AⅡ/mg·g-1
Timosaponin
AⅢ/mg·g-1
Timosaponin
BⅡ/mg·g-1
Timosaponin
BⅢ/mg·g-1
Comprehensive
score
1 40 10 140 7.48 12.35 0.55 0.33 6.49 29.56 2.72 90.260 5
2 60 10 140 7.48 8.52 0.49 0.53 6.93 26.56 1.90 77.732 2
3 40 20 140 7.44 11.53 0.52 0.59 6.27 25.39 5.68 86.914 7
4 60 20 140 7.07 9.60 0.48 0.38 5.72 32.03 3.89 85.967 3
5 40 15 130 7.41 11.13 0.51 0.41 5.47 29.97 3.58 87.530 4
6 60 15 130 6.87 8.15 0.47 0.53 7.15 27.26 1.72 76.244 7
7 40 15 150 6.80 11.96 0.43 0.39 5.86 24.21 3.76 82.112 1
8 60 15 150 7.75 8.69 0.53 0.56 8.14 29.34 3.53 85.041 1
9 50 10 130 7.55 11.75 0.58 0.37 6.98 30.42 1.85 89.680 6
10 50 20 130 8.09 10.28 0.56 0.32 4.88 27.82 2.53 82.999 0
11 50 10 150 7.91 9.68 0.60 0.38 6.38 30.84 2.35 86.128 6
12 50 20 150 7.77 10.67 0.49 0.51 7.87 30.05 4.17 90.709 3
13 50 15 140 7.32 13.74 0.48 0.49 6.76 36.23 2.05 100.000 0
14 50 15 140 7.02 13.33 0.45 0.50 6.48 34.88 2.14 96.621 0
15 50 15 140 7.10 13.33 0.46 0.48 6.70 35.89 1.96 97.978 7
16 50 15 140 7.12 13.30 0.46 0.48 6.64 34.68 1.78 96.344 8
17 50 15 140 7.16 13.33 0.46 0.51 6.60 35.19 1.51 96.774 0
), ArticleFig(id=1199727466890752311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

盐知母Box-Behnken实验设计与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Salt
discharge/mL
Frying time
/min
Frying
temperature/℃
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin
AⅡ/mg·g-1
Timosaponin
AⅢ/mg·g-1
Timosaponin
BⅡ/mg·g-1
Timosaponin
BⅢ/mg·g-1
Comprehensive
score
1 40 10 140 7.48 12.35 0.55 0.33 6.49 29.56 2.72 90.260 5
2 60 10 140 7.48 8.52 0.49 0.53 6.93 26.56 1.90 77.732 2
3 40 20 140 7.44 11.53 0.52 0.59 6.27 25.39 5.68 86.914 7
4 60 20 140 7.07 9.60 0.48 0.38 5.72 32.03 3.89 85.967 3
5 40 15 130 7.41 11.13 0.51 0.41 5.47 29.97 3.58 87.530 4
6 60 15 130 6.87 8.15 0.47 0.53 7.15 27.26 1.72 76.244 7
7 40 15 150 6.80 11.96 0.43 0.39 5.86 24.21 3.76 82.112 1
8 60 15 150 7.75 8.69 0.53 0.56 8.14 29.34 3.53 85.041 1
9 50 10 130 7.55 11.75 0.58 0.37 6.98 30.42 1.85 89.680 6
10 50 20 130 8.09 10.28 0.56 0.32 4.88 27.82 2.53 82.999 0
11 50 10 150 7.91 9.68 0.60 0.38 6.38 30.84 2.35 86.128 6
12 50 20 150 7.77 10.67 0.49 0.51 7.87 30.05 4.17 90.709 3
13 50 15 140 7.32 13.74 0.48 0.49 6.76 36.23 2.05 100.000 0
14 50 15 140 7.02 13.33 0.45 0.50 6.48 34.88 2.14 96.621 0
15 50 15 140 7.10 13.33 0.46 0.48 6.70 35.89 1.96 97.978 7
16 50 15 140 7.12 13.30 0.46 0.48 6.64 34.68 1.78 96.344 8
17 50 15 140 7.16 13.33 0.46 0.51 6.60 35.19 1.51 96.774 0
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468019020090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

The results of variance analysis of regression model of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma processing technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sources of variance Quadratic sum Degrees of freedom Mean square F value P value
Model 772.31 9 85.81 32.36 <0.000 1
A 59.58 1 59.58 22.47 0.002 1
B 0.97 1 0.97 0.37 0.564 0
C 7.10 1 7.10 2.68 0.145 8
AB 33.53 1 33.53 12.64 0.009 3
AC 50.51 1 50.51 19.05 0.003 3
BC 31.71 1 31.71 11.96 0.010 6
A2 303.22 1 303.22 114.34 <0.000 1
B2 62.05 1 62.05 23.40 0.001 9
C2 168.47 1 168.47 63.53 <0.000 1
Total residual 18.56 7 2.65
Misfit error 9.46 3 3.15 1.39 0.368 6
Pure error 9.10 4 2.28
Summation 790.87 16
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468115489085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

盐知母炮制工艺回归模型的方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sources of variance Quadratic sum Degrees of freedom Mean square F value P value
Model 772.31 9 85.81 32.36 <0.000 1
A 59.58 1 59.58 22.47 0.002 1
B 0.97 1 0.97 0.37 0.564 0
C 7.10 1 7.10 2.68 0.145 8
AB 33.53 1 33.53 12.64 0.009 3
AC 50.51 1 50.51 19.05 0.003 3
BC 31.71 1 31.71 11.96 0.010 6
A2 303.22 1 303.22 114.34 <0.000 1
B2 62.05 1 62.05 23.40 0.001 9
C2 168.47 1 168.47 63.53 <0.000 1
Total residual 18.56 7 2.65
Misfit error 9.46 3 3.15 1.39 0.368 6
Pure error 9.10 4 2.28
Summation 790.87 16
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468190986558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Experimental scheme and results of Box-Behnken response surface method of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma processing technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Salt
discharge
/mL
Frying
time
/min
Frying
temperature
/℃
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
Comprehensive
score
1 50 15 140 7.22 13.23 0.48 0.49 6.58 35.11 2.11 98.649 5
2 50 15 140 7.40 13.28 0.47 0.48 6.64 35.70 2.09 99.820 1
3 50 15 140 7.33 13.42 0.47 0.49 6.56 35.37 2.05 99.507 1
RSD/% 1.20 0.75 1.26 1.17 0.58 0.83 1.57 0.61
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468388118849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

盐知母Box-Behnken响应面法验证实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Salt
discharge
/mL
Frying
time
/min
Frying
temperature
/℃
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
Comprehensive
score
1 50 15 140 7.22 13.23 0.48 0.49 6.58 35.11 2.11 98.649 5
2 50 15 140 7.40 13.28 0.47 0.48 6.64 35.70 2.09 99.820 1
3 50 15 140 7.33 13.42 0.47 0.49 6.56 35.37 2.05 99.507 1
RSD/% 1.20 0.75 1.26 1.17 0.58 0.83 1.57 0.61
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468488782147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

Test conditions and appearance color of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma samples(S1-S17)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample
No.
Salt discharge
/mL
Frying
time/min
Frying
temperature/℃
Appearance
color
S1 40 10 140 Brown yellow
S2 60 10 140 Light brown yellow
S3 40 20 140 Brown yellow
S4 60 20 140 Light brown yellow
S5 40 15 130 Brown yellow
S6 60 15 130 Light brown yellow
S7 40 15 150 Brown yellow
S8 60 15 150 Brown yellow
S9 50 10 130 Light brown yellow
S10 50 20 130 Brown yellow
S11 50 10 150 Brown yellow
S12 50 20 150 Dark brown yellow
S13 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
S14 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
S15 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
S16 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
S17 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468581056837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

盐知母样品(S1~S17)试验条件及外观颜色

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample
No.
Salt discharge
/mL
Frying
time/min
Frying
temperature/℃
Appearance
color
S1 40 10 140 Brown yellow
S2 60 10 140 Light brown yellow
S3 40 20 140 Brown yellow
S4 60 20 140 Light brown yellow
S5 40 15 130 Brown yellow
S6 60 15 130 Light brown yellow
S7 40 15 150 Brown yellow
S8 60 15 150 Brown yellow
S9 50 10 130 Light brown yellow
S10 50 20 130 Brown yellow
S11 50 10 150 Brown yellow
S12 50 20 150 Dark brown yellow
S13 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
S14 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
S15 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
S16 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
S17 50 15 140 Dark brown yellow
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468702691655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.11, caption=

Measurement results of each component content and chromaticity value in salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample
No.
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
L* ɑ* b* Eab*
S1 7.48 12.35 0.55 0.33 6.49 29.56 2.72 52.06 8.05 16.99 55.35
S2 7.48 8.52 0.49 0.53 6.93 26.56 1.90 64.41 7.49 15.07 66.57
S3 7.44 11.53 0.52 0.59 6.27 25.39 5.68 51.02 7.89 15.99 54.05
S4 7.07 9.60 0.48 0.38 5.72 32.03 3.89 60.99 7.28 15.18 63.27
S5 7.41 11.13 0.51 0.41 5.47 29.97 3.58 54.11 7.67 16.11 56.98
S6 6.87 8.15 0.47 0.53 7.15 27.26 1.72 67.92 7.00 14.02 69.70
S7 6.80 11.96 0.43 0.39 5.86 24.21 3.76 65.89 7.20 14.43 67.83
S8 7.75 8.69 0.53 0.56 8.14 29.34 3.53 52.26 7.95 16.85 55.48
S9 7.55 11.75 0.58 0.37 6.98 30.42 1.85 50.09 8.10 16.94 53.49
S10 8.09 10.28 0.56 0.32 4.88 27.82 2.53 49.89 8.19 16.96 53.33
S11 7.91 9.68 0.60 0.38 6.38 30.84 2.35 50.84 8.25 16.98 54.23
S12 7.77 10.67 0.49 0.51 7.87 30.05 4.17 53.59 7.64 15.83 56.40
S13 7.32 13.74 0.48 0.49 6.76 36.23 2.05 50.25 8.15 16.85 53.62
S14 7.02 13.33 0.45 0.50 6.48 34.88 2.14 52.59 8.02 16.70 55.76
S15 7.10 13.33 0.46 0.48 6.70 35.89 1.96 52.56 8.03 16.87 55.78
S16 7.12 13.30 0.46 0.48 6.64 34.68 1.78 52.45 8.01 16.60 55.59
S17 7.16 13.33 0.46 0.51 6.60 35.19 1.51 51.83 8.02 16.68 55.04
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468794966345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

盐知母中各成分含量及色度值测量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample
No.
Mangiferin
/mg·g-1
Neomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Isomangiferin
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin AⅢ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅡ
/mg·g-1
Timosaponin BⅢ
/mg·g-1
L* ɑ* b* Eab*
S1 7.48 12.35 0.55 0.33 6.49 29.56 2.72 52.06 8.05 16.99 55.35
S2 7.48 8.52 0.49 0.53 6.93 26.56 1.90 64.41 7.49 15.07 66.57
S3 7.44 11.53 0.52 0.59 6.27 25.39 5.68 51.02 7.89 15.99 54.05
S4 7.07 9.60 0.48 0.38 5.72 32.03 3.89 60.99 7.28 15.18 63.27
S5 7.41 11.13 0.51 0.41 5.47 29.97 3.58 54.11 7.67 16.11 56.98
S6 6.87 8.15 0.47 0.53 7.15 27.26 1.72 67.92 7.00 14.02 69.70
S7 6.80 11.96 0.43 0.39 5.86 24.21 3.76 65.89 7.20 14.43 67.83
S8 7.75 8.69 0.53 0.56 8.14 29.34 3.53 52.26 7.95 16.85 55.48
S9 7.55 11.75 0.58 0.37 6.98 30.42 1.85 50.09 8.10 16.94 53.49
S10 8.09 10.28 0.56 0.32 4.88 27.82 2.53 49.89 8.19 16.96 53.33
S11 7.91 9.68 0.60 0.38 6.38 30.84 2.35 50.84 8.25 16.98 54.23
S12 7.77 10.67 0.49 0.51 7.87 30.05 4.17 53.59 7.64 15.83 56.40
S13 7.32 13.74 0.48 0.49 6.76 36.23 2.05 50.25 8.15 16.85 53.62
S14 7.02 13.33 0.45 0.50 6.48 34.88 2.14 52.59 8.02 16.70 55.76
S15 7.10 13.33 0.46 0.48 6.70 35.89 1.96 52.56 8.03 16.87 55.78
S16 7.12 13.30 0.46 0.48 6.64 34.68 1.78 52.45 8.01 16.60 55.59
S17 7.16 13.33 0.46 0.51 6.60 35.19 1.51 51.83 8.02 16.68 55.04
), ArticleFig(id=1199727468992098635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=EN, label=Tab.12, caption=

Correlation analysis between color index L *, a *, b * and the content of effective components in salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component L* a* b*
Pearson correlation P Pearson correlation P Pearson correlation P
Mangiferin -0.5591) 0.020 0.5481) 0.023 0.5281) 0.030
Neomangiferin -0.5031) 0.039 0.4951) 0.043 0.4881) 0.047
Isomangiferin -0.4841) 0.049 0.4991) 0.041 0.4851) 0.049
Timosaponin AⅡ 0.111 0.672 -0.158 0.544 -0.203 0.435
Timosaponin AⅢ 0.006 0.983 -0.021 0.937 0.013 0.960
Timosaponin BⅡ -0.4911) 0.045 0.4991) 0.041 0.5671) 0.018
Timosaponin BⅢ 0.004 0.987 -0.240 0.353 -0.222 0.393
), ArticleFig(id=1199727469185036621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1199703584393753428, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

色泽指标L*、a*、b*与盐知母有效成分含量相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component L* a* b*
Pearson correlation P Pearson correlation P Pearson correlation P
Mangiferin -0.5591) 0.020 0.5481) 0.023 0.5281) 0.030
Neomangiferin -0.5031) 0.039 0.4951) 0.043 0.4881) 0.047
Isomangiferin -0.4841) 0.049 0.4991) 0.041 0.4851) 0.049
Timosaponin AⅡ 0.111 0.672 -0.158 0.544 -0.203 0.435
Timosaponin AⅢ 0.006 0.983 -0.021 0.937 0.013 0.960
Timosaponin BⅡ -0.4911) 0.045 0.4991) 0.041 0.5671) 0.018
Timosaponin BⅢ 0.004 0.987 -0.240 0.353 -0.222 0.393
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多指标-响应面法结合色度优化盐知母炮制工艺
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陈亚楠 , 翁丽丽 , 肖春萍 , 姜雨昕 , 杨静容 , 侯晓琳 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(1): 21-31
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(1): 21-31
多指标-响应面法结合色度优化盐知母炮制工艺
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陈亚楠, 翁丽丽, 肖春萍, 姜雨昕, 杨静容, 侯晓琳*
作者信息
  • 长春中医药大学药学院, 长春 130117
  • 陈亚楠,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药品质鉴定、质量标准及其开发利用研究

通讯作者:

*侯晓琳,女,硕士,实验师 研究方向:中药品质评价与资源开发研究 Tel:(0431)86172211
Optimization of Processing Technology of Salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma Using Multi-index Response Surface Method Combined with Chromaticity
Yanan CHEN, Lili WENG, Chunping XIAO, Yuxin JIANG, Jingrong YANG, Xiaolin HOU*
Affiliations
  • College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
出版时间: 2025-01-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.003
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目的 优化盐知母炮制工艺,并明确盐知母化学成分含量与颜色值之间的相关性。方法 以芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷BⅢ为评价指标,以盐水量、炒制时间和炒制温度为影响因素,利用Design-Expert 12.0软件,Box-Behnken响应面法结合加权法,优化盐知母炮制工艺,并测定响应面法项下不同工艺参数的17份样品色度值,对其成分与色度值进行Pearson相关性分析。结果 最佳炮制工艺为每200 g知母饮片加入80 mg·mL-1的盐水50 mL,炒制时间15 min,炒制温度140 ℃;色度研究结果表明,芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ的含量与色度值L*呈负相关,与色度值a*、b*均呈正相关,说明L*值越小、a*值越大、b*值越大,盐知母越接近深黄色,芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ含量越高。结论 优选得到的炮制工艺稳定可行,建立测定盐知母中7个成分的分析方法准确可靠,盐知母化学成分与颜色值具有显著相关性,可通过外观色泽初步评价盐知母的品质,为其多维度质量评价提供理论依据。

盐知母  /  响应面法  /  炮制工艺  /  色度  /  加权法

OBJECTIVE To optimize the processing technology of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, and to clarify the correlation between the chemical composition content and color value of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. METHODS Mangiferin, neomangiferin, isomangiferin, timosaponin AⅡ, timosaponin AⅢ, timosaponin BⅡ and timosaponin BⅢ were used as evaluation indexes, and the amount of salt water, stir-frying time and stir-frying temperature were used as influencing factors. Design-Expert 12.0 software, Box-Behnken response surface method combined with weighting method were used to optimize the processing technology of salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma. The chromaticity values of 17 samples with different process parameters under response surface method were determined, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on their components and chromaticity values. RESULTS The optimum processing technology was as follows:50 mL of 80 mg·mL-1 salt water was added to each 200 g of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma decoction pieces, the stir-frying time was 15 min, and the stir-frying temperature was 140 ℃. The results of chromaticity study showed that the content of mangiferin, neomangiferin, isomangiferin and timosaponin BⅡ was negatively correlated with the chromaticity value L*, and positively correlated with the chromaticity values a* and b*, indicating that the smaller the L* value, the larger the a* value, the larger the b* value, the closer the salt to the dark yellow, the higher the content of mangiferin, neomangiferin, isomangiferin and timosaponin BⅡ. CONCLUSION The optimized processing technology is stable and feasible. The analysis method for the determination of 7 components in salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is accurate and reliable. The chemical composition of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma has a significant correlation with the color value. The quality of salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma can be preliminarily evaluated by the appearance color, which provides a theoretical basis for its multi-dimensional quality evaluation.

salt Anemarrhenae Rhizoma  /  Box-Behnken  /  preparative technic  /  chromaticity  /  weighted method
陈亚楠, 翁丽丽, 肖春萍, 姜雨昕, 杨静容, 侯晓琳. 多指标-响应面法结合色度优化盐知母炮制工艺. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (1) : 21 -31 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.003
Yanan CHEN, Lili WENG, Chunping XIAO, Yuxin JIANG, Jingrong YANG, Xiaolin HOU. Optimization of Processing Technology of Salt Anemarrhena Rhizoma Using Multi-index Response Surface Method Combined with Chromaticity[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (1) : 21 -31 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.003
知母为百合科植物知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.)的干燥根茎,具有清热泻火,滋阴润燥的功效,临床常用于外感热病、肠燥便秘等症,为重要的传统大宗药用品种之一。近代研究证明,知母中含有皂苷类、黄酮类、多糖类、生物碱类、类固醇类等化学成分[1-2]。芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷等黄酮类化合物和知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ、知母皂苷BⅢ等皂苷类化合物为知母主要药效成分[3],其中知母皂苷AⅢ能调节PI3K/Akt途径蛋白的活性,并且是胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)细胞增殖的有效抑制剂[4],具有较高研究价值和研究前景。历代对知母的炮制有生用、炒炙、盐炙、酒炙、蜜炙等。目前,多采用盐炙,《中国药典》2020年版记载知母饮片为知母和盐知母两种[5]。查阅各地炮制规范及《中国药典》2020年版,发现关于知母的炒制方法,尚无明确统一的量化标准,从而导致实际炮制工艺中,不易掌握控制工艺参数,由于炮制时“度”的把握不准而导致知母饮片药效下降,严重影响临床疗效。
生知母常用于清热泻火、生津润燥,盐炙后可引药下行,增强滋阴降火的作用[6]。中药饮片在炮制过程中,不仅药材的颜色发生改变,而且内在的化学成分组成和含量也发生改变,说明中药饮片在炮制过程中颜色的变化和成分含量之间存在相关性[7-9]。《中国药典》2020年版规定:“盐知母形如知母片,色黄或微带焦斑。味微咸”,仅规定盐知母性状指标,但工艺参数尚不明确,无法保证产品质量的均一稳定。近几年,色度分析方法逐渐被引入中药质量评价领域,应用CIE色度空间系统 L*、a*、b*( L*为亮度,a*为红绿色度,b*为黄蓝色度) 对颜色进行客观表达[10-11],故本实验以知母多个有效成分含量为评价指标,通过加权法结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化盐知母炮制工艺,并借助色差分析技术,对盐知母样品的色泽指标进行量化,研究外观色泽与其化学成分的相关性,从多指标、多维度筛选盐知母炮制工艺参数,为该药材质量评价体系的建立提供参考依据。
Prominence-ILC-2030岛津高效液相色谱仪、AUW120D分析天平(日本岛津公司);ELSD-1260蒸发光散射检测器(美国安捷伦公司);NH310型色差仪(深圳市三恩驰科技有限公司);MS-5型炒货机(迈斯机械有限公司)。
知母饮片购自吉林省北药中药制药集团有限公司(批号20220215),经长春中医药大学翁丽丽教授鉴定为百合科植物知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.)的干燥根茎。对照品芒果苷(批号B20837,纯度98%)、新芒果苷(批号B21397,纯度98%)、异芒果苷(批号B21543,纯度98%)、知母皂苷AⅡ(批号B27334,纯度98%)、知母皂苷AⅢ(批号B21656,纯度98%)、知母皂苷BⅡ(批号B21657,纯度98%)、知母皂苷BⅢ(批号B21658,纯度95%)均购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司,食用盐(批号NY/T 1040,福建省泉州晶海轻化有限公司)。冰醋酸、乙腈为色谱纯,屈臣氏纯净水,其余为分析纯。
分别精密称取食用盐4 g溶于30、40、50、60、70 mL纯净水中,制得盐水备用。取“1.2”项下的知母饮片,按照《中国药典》2020年版方法进行炮制,具体为:“加盐水(每100 kg饮片加2 kg盐)拌匀,闷至盐水被吸尽,置预热的炒制设备内,文火炒干,取出,放凉”。
色谱条件1:黄酮类成分(芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷),色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);0.2%冰醋酸-乙腈(91∶9)为流动相;体积流量1.0 mL·min-1; 柱温30 ℃;进样体积10 μL;检测波长258 nm。
色谱条件2:皂苷类成分(知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ、知母皂苷BⅢ),色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C8(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);水(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~10 min,8%~15% B;10~20 min,15%~28% B;20~35 min,28%~35% B;35~50 min,35%~40% B;50~60 min,40%~60% B;60~70 min,60%~8% B);体积流量1.0 mL·min-1;柱温26 ℃;进样体积20 μL;蒸发器温度50 ℃;雾化器温度50 ℃;载气体积流量1 400 mL·min-1
黄酮类成分:取芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷对照品适量,精密称定,加体积分数50%乙醇制成每1 mL分别含上述对照品45.6、41.3、13.2 μg的混合溶液,即得。
皂苷类成分:取知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ、知母皂苷BⅢ对照品适量,精密称定,加甲醇制成每1 mL分别含上述对照品4.0、34.0、117.0、5.2 μg的溶液,即得。
黄酮类成分:取知母饮片(粉碎,过三号筛)约0.1 g,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入体积分数50%乙醇25 mL,称定质量,超声处理(功率250 W,频率40 kHz)30 min,放冷,加体积分数50%乙醇补足减失的质量,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
皂苷类成分:取知母饮片(粉碎,过三号筛)约1.0 g,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入甲醇25 mL,称定质量,超声处理(功率250 W,频率40 kHz)30 min,放冷,加甲醇补足减失的质量,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷混合对照品(A)和盐知母饮片样品(B)HPLC图见图1,知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ、知母皂苷BⅢ混合对照品(A)和盐知母饮片样品(B)HPLC图见图2
分别吸取“2.1.2”项下黄酮类成分混合对照品溶液0.2、0.6、1.0、1.4、1.8、2.0 mL置于2 mL量瓶中,用体积分数50%乙醇定容至刻度,制成黄酮类成分的系列线性溶液,分别精密吸取10 μL,按“2.1.1”项下色谱条件1注入液相色谱仪。
分别吸取“2.1.2”项下皂苷类成分对照品溶液0.2、0.6、1.0、1.4、1.8、2.0 mL置于2 mL量瓶中,用甲醇定容刻度,制成皂苷类成分的系列线性溶液,分别精密吸取20 μL,按“2.1.1”项下色谱条件2注入液相色谱仪。
以峰面积为纵坐标(Y),浓度为横坐标(X),绘制盐知母指标成分的标准曲线,结果见表1
精密吸取“2.1.2”项下黄酮类成分混合对照品溶液10 μL、皂苷类成分对照品溶液20 μL,按“2.1.1”项下色谱条件,注入液相色谱仪。连续进样6次,依法测定,记录峰面积值,结果芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷BⅢ峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.17%、1.57%、0.16%、1.56%、1.79%、1.94%和1.71%(n=6),表明仪器精密度良好。
精密称取同一批供试品6份,按“2.1.3”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.1.1”项下色谱条件进样,计算样品平均含量,结果芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷BⅡ平均含量为9.48、3.11、0.53、0.49、8.42、30.16和1.09 mg·g-1,其含量的RSD分别为1.58%、1.75%、1.51%、1.62%、1.59%、1.14%和1.89%(n=6),表明方法重复性良好。
精密吸取“2.1.3”项下黄酮类成分10 μL、皂苷类成分20 μL,按“2.1.1”项下色谱条件,在0、2、4、6、8、10、12、24 h分别注入液相色谱仪。依法测定,以芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷BⅢ峰面积积分值为指标,记录峰面积积分值,结果芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷BⅢ峰面积的RSD分别为0.67%、0.97%、0.95%、1.78%、1.89%、1.88%和1.82%(n=8),表明供试品溶液在室温下放置24 h稳定。
精密称取盐知母粉末(过三号筛)0.05 g,共6份,分别加入混合对照品溶液2 mL(每1 mL含芒果苷4.420 9 mg、新芒果苷1.358 7 mg、异芒果苷0.329 0 mg)。
精密称取盐知母粉末(过三号筛)0.5 g,共6份,分别加入对照品溶液2 mL(每1 mL含知母皂苷AⅡ 0.161 7 mg、知母皂苷AⅢ 1.408 2 mg、知母皂苷BⅡ 1.219 4 mg、知母皂苷BⅢ 0.157 7 mg)。
按“2.1.1”项下色谱条件,依法测定,计算加样回收率。结果显示,芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷BⅢ的平均加样回收率分别为100.25%、104.33%、99.40%、100.05%、98.86%、98.45%和102.71%(n=6),结果见表2
《中国药典》2020年版中规定的知母指标成分为芒果苷和知母皂苷BⅡ,知母主要药效成分为黄酮类成分(芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷)和皂苷类成分(知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ、知母皂苷BⅢ),故本实验将黄酮类成分、皂苷类成分各按50%的比例,运用加权法按公式1计算综合评分,考察各评价指标对综合评分的影响。
综合评分=[ x i x i ( m a x ) + x i x i ( m a x ) + x i x i ( m a x ) ]×50%+[ x i A x i ( m a x ) A + x i A x i ( m a x ) A + x i B x i ( m a x ) B + x i B x i ( m a x ) B ]×50%
xi、xi(max)分别表示第i个实验相应指标含量、第i个实验该指标含量的最大值。
以“药透汤尽”作为闷润时间的判断标准,确定闷润时间为1 h,按药典规定每100 kg饮片用食盐2 kg。以盐水量、炒制时间、炒制温度为影响因素,进行单因素考察。
取200 g知母饮片5份,分别加入质量浓度为133.3 mg·mL-1的盐水30 mL、100 mg·mL-1的盐水40 mL、80 mg·mL-1的盐水50 mL、66.7 mg·mL-1的盐水60 mL、57.1 mg·mL-1的盐水70 mL,闷润1 h,140 ℃下炒25 min取出,结合加权法,选出盐水量为40、50、60 mL进行后续研究,见表3
取200 g知母饮片5份,加入质量浓度为66.7 mg·mL-1的盐水60 mL,闷润1 h,140 ℃下分别炒制10、15、20、25、30 min,结合加权法,选出炒制时间为10、15、20 min进行后续研究,见表4
取200 g知母饮片5份,加质量浓度为66.7 mg·mL-1的盐水60 mL,闷润1 h,分别在120、130、140、150、160 ℃炒25 min,结合加权法,选出炒制温度为130、140、150 ℃进行后续研究,见表5
在单因素实验的基础上,应用Design-Expert 12.0软件设计Box-Behnken响应面法炮制工艺实验方案,以盐水量、炒制时间、炒制温度为因素,建立3因素3水平实验方案,3水平分别以1、0、-1进行编码,因素水平表见表6。按“2.1.3”项下方法制备盐知母供试品溶液,按“2.1.1”项下色谱条件,测定样品中芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ、知母皂苷BⅢ的含量,以7种化学成分含量的综合评分作为评价指标,实验设计与结果见表7
采用Design-Expert 12.0软件进行数据分析,得到拟合方程为Y=+97.54 -2.73A+0.35B+0.94C+2.90AB+3.55AC+2.82BC-8.49A2-3.84B2-6.33C2(r=0.976 5),方差分析结果见表8。由表8可知,该模型拟合具有极显著性(P<0.000 1),失拟误差为0.368 6,表明该模型拟合度较好。方差分析结果显示,盐水量(因素A)对综合评分有极显著影响(P<0.01),且因素交互作用AB、AC项有极显著影响(P<0.01),二次项A2、B2、C2均有极显著性影响(P<0.01)。
采用Design-Expert 12.0软件依据回归方程式,在回归模型方差分析结果的基础上绘制响应面图及等高线,分析盐水量、炒制时间、炒制温度对综合评分的影响。各因素的交互作用对响应值的影响可用等高线图和响应面图表示,响应面图和等高线图可以直接反映交互作用对响应值的作用情况,曲面越陡,等高线越密集,影响越显著;等高线越接近椭圆,代表两个因素的交互作用越强[12-13],结果见图3。由图3可知,知母最佳炮制工艺为:每200 g知母加入质量浓度为80 mg·mL-1的盐水50 mL,炒制时间15 min,炒制温度140 ℃。
按上述最佳工艺参数进行验证,由表9可知,3次验证实验的平均综合评分为99.325 6(RSD=0.61%,n=3),与模型预测值相近,表明模型预测性较好。
设定参数为D65、LED蓝光激发光源,8°视角视场,8 mm孔径,仪器误差△Eab*≤0.4。校正后进行测定,样品信息见表10,样品饮片及粉末图见图45
取盐知母样品粉末(过3号筛) 约2 g,均匀平铺于测试盒内,待测。
分别按“2.4.2”和“2.4.1”项下方法制备1份供试品,测定色度,连续测定6次,导出色泽指标L*、a*、b*值,结果RSD均<2%,表明仪器精密度良好。
分别按“2.4.2”和“2.4.1”项下方法制备6份供试品,测定色度,导出色泽指标L*、a*、b*值,结果RSD均<2%,表明方法重复性良好。
分别按“2.4.2”和“2.4.1”项下方法制备1份供试品,分别于0、1、2、3、4、5、6 h后测定色度,导出色泽指标L*、a*、b*值,结果RSD均<2%,表明盐知母样品在6 h内稳定性良好。
分别按“2.4.2”和“2.4.1”项下方法制备17份供试品,每份重复测定色度3次,记录平均值,计算总色度值Eab*,公式为Eab*=(L*2+a*2+b*2)1/2,结果见表11。由表11图6可知,盐知母L*、a*、b*、Eab*范围分别为67.92~49.89、8.25~7.00、16.99~14.02和69.77~53.33,多成分含量变化及盐知母色度趋势图,见图7
将盐知母中7种有效成分芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ、知母皂苷BⅢ的含量分别与颜色指标值L*、a*、b*导入SPSS 26.0软件,分析两者相关性分析,结果见表12。用Orign软件做热图,Pearson相关性分析热图见图8
结果表明,芒果苷含量与L*、a*、b*值双检验的概率值分别为0.020、0.023、0.030,P<0.05;新芒果苷含量与L*、a*、b*值双检验的概率值分别为0.039、0.043、0.047,P<0.05;异芒果苷含量与L*、a*、b*值双检验的概率值分别为0.049、0.041、0.049,P<0.05;知母皂苷BⅡ含量与L*、a*、b*值双检验的概率值分别为0.045、0.041、0.018,P<0.05,说明芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷与L*呈负相关,与a*、b*值均呈正相关,在一定程度上,L*越小,a*越大,b*越大,知母中芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ含量就越高。知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅢ与色度值的变化无相关性,表明随着炮制程度改变,盐知母中的成分也发生了变化。综上,样品亮度越低,红绿、黄蓝色度越高,则芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ含量就越高。而芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ也是盐知母的关键成分,因此通过建立盐知母化学成分含量与外观颜色的相关性,可对盐知母进行质量初步评价。
在选择盐知母工艺参数的评价指标时,应尽量涵盖盐知母中主要化学成分黄酮类和皂苷类,其中黄酮类成分中的芒果苷、皂苷类成分中的知母皂苷BⅡ都是《中国药典》2020年版规定的指标成分。有研究[14-16]表明,知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷BⅢ是盐知母吸收入血的主要成分,并表现出抗血小板聚集活性,提示其与盐知母的药效可能密切相关,是盐知母整体质量监控中不可忽视的化学成分。最终选择芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅡ和知母皂苷BⅢ这7个成分的含量作为盐知母炮制工艺参数评价指标。以盐水量,炒制温度,炒制时间为影响因素进行工艺优化,得到最佳炮制工艺为每200 g知母饮片加入质量浓度为80 mg·mL-1的盐水50 mL,闷润1 h,140 ℃炒制15 min。优选盐知母炮制工艺参数明确,能在一定程度上保障有效成分的含量,进而确保盐知母的品质。
本实验采用色差计法对盐知母色度值进行测定,简便、快速地评价了盐知母颜色值的变化,从而减少人为因素导致的误差,得到精准的色度量化值[17-19]。为确保盐知母炮制的最佳工艺参数明确,将盐知母样品色度与7种化学成分含量相关联,探讨盐知母外观色泽与内在成分的关联性,Pearson相关性分析结果发现,知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷BⅢ含量与L*、a*、b*无显著相关,芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ与L*存在负相关,与a*、b*存在正相关,L*值越小、a*值越大、b*值越大,知母中芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ含量就越高;说明盐知母颜色越呈深黄色,芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ含量越高,表明盐知母在不同盐水量,炒制温度,炒制时间的炮制参数下,芒果苷、新芒果苷、异芒果苷、知母皂苷BⅡ的含量与色度均有一定程度的变化且有明显相关性,故通过色度测定,可对其质量进行初步评价。
本实验基于“辨状论质”的观点,本实验在继承中医药传统理论思想的指导下,引入色度分析方法量化药材颜色,结合内在成分含量的对比研究,使得基于色度鉴别盐知母饮片的方法更加客观,盐知母炮制工艺参数更加明确,为盐知母炮制过程的质量控制提供参考,为保障中药的优质有效和中药产业的可持续发展奠定基础。
  • 吉林省科技发展计划项目资助(20220204065YY)
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.01.003
  • 接收时间:2024-05-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29
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吉林省科技发展计划项目资助(20220204065YY)
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    长春中医药大学药学院, 长春 130117

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*侯晓琳,女,硕士,实验师 研究方向:中药品质评价与资源开发研究 Tel:(0431)86172211
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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