Article(id=1196884558818886284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)21-2060-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.21.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1693238400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763289115861, onlineDateStr=2025-11-16, pubDate=1730995200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763289115861, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763289115861, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763289115861, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1196884515873407615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='21', pageStart='1987', pageEnd='2098', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763289105623, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763292131714, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1196897208286097826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1196897208286097827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2060, endPage=2064, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1196884559003435662, articleId=1196884558818886284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Pharmacokinetics and Nasal Residence Time of Nicorandil Thermosensitive Nasal Gel in Rats, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics and nasal residence time of nicorandil (NIC) thermosensitive nasal gel in rats. METHODS The concentration of NIC in rat plasma was determined by HPLC method. Rats were randomly divided into nasal and intragastric groups of 6 animals each. NIC thermosensitive nasal gel was nasally administered to the test group at a dose of 2.5 mg·kg-1 and NIC suspension was given intragastricaly to the control group at a dose of 5.0 mg·kg-1. The drug plasma concentrations at different times following administration were determined and the main pharmacokinetic parameters of NIC for the two groups such as tmax, ρmax, t1/2, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and relative bioavailability (Fr) for the NIC nasal gel were estimated. Furthermore, with dye method, the nasal residence time of the NIC nasal gel was investigated by using rats as test model and 0.9% NS as reference. RESULTS The tmax of the in group and ig group were 0.08 and 0.33 h, ρmax were 19.63 and 12.55 μg·mL-1, t1/2 were 2.63 and 2.27 h, AUC0-t were 22.04 and 28.93 μg·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞ were 24.54 and 30.42 μg·h·mL-1, respectively. The relative bioavailability (Fr) of the NIC nasal gel was found to be 161.34%. The nasal residence time of the NIC nasal gel and 0.9% NS were observed to be 13.4 and 2.2 min, respectively. CONCLUSION NIC thermosensitive nasal gel may be a new dosage form for treating angina pectoris with good clinical application prospect due to its rapid in vivo absorption, high bioavailability, longer nasal residence time and convenient administration.
, correspAuthors=Fugen GU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lei YANG, Cai WANG, Fugen GU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1196884643329917592, articleId=1196884558818886284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=尼可地尔鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠体内药动学及鼻内滞留时间研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 研究尼可地尔(NIC)鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠体内的药动学及鼻腔内滞留时间。方法 采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定大鼠血中NIC浓度。将大鼠随机分为灌胃给药组(ig)和鼻腔给药(in)组,每组6只,ig组给予NIC混悬液,剂量为5.0 mg·kg-1,in组给予NIC鼻用温敏凝胶,剂量为2.5 mg·kg-1,分别测定给药后不同时间血中药物浓度并求得tmax、ρmax、t1/2、AUC0-t、AUC0-∞及相对生物利用度(Fr,%)等药动学参数。以大鼠为实验对象、生理盐水为对照,采用染料法,测定NIC鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠鼻内的滞留时间。结果 测得in组与ig组的tmax分别为0.08和0.33 h,ρmax分别为19.63和12.55 μg·mL-1,t1/2分别为2.63和2.27 h,AUC0-t分别为22.04和28.93 μg·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞分别为24.54和30.42 μg·h·mL-1,求得NIC鼻用温敏凝胶的Fr为161.34%。此外,测得药物鼻用温敏凝胶及生理盐水在大鼠鼻内滞留时间分别为13.4与2.2 min。。结论 NIC鼻用温敏凝胶剂体内吸收迅速、生物利用度高、鼻内滞留时间较长、给药方便,是一种具有良好临床应用前景的心绞痛治疗药新剂型。
, correspAuthors=谷福根, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 谷福根,男,博士,主任药师,硕士生导师 研究方向:环糊精包合物及鼻腔给药新剂型 Tel:(0471)3451657
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55(17):1444-1449., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetics and brain delivery of citalopram hydrobromide thermosensitive nasal gel in rats, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197123429255131194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197123429263519803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, companyId=1197123429255131194, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197123429343211583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, companyId=1197123429330628669, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2 内蒙古医科大学附属医院, 呼和浩特 010050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197123431167733853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
HPLC chromatograms of nicorandil(NIC) in rat plasma A-blank plasma; B-blank plasma spiked with NIC control; C-plasma sample collected 3 min after nasal administration of NIC nasal gel; D-plasma sample collected 10min after ig dosing of NIC suspension; 1-internal standard; 2-NIC.
, figureFileSmall=I3A+IBnSaRnrnfhc3KuQJg==, figureFileBig=Rtt1pr+K8cFjpi2QGzX4ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123431230648414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
大鼠血浆中尼可地尔(NIC)色谱图 A-空白血浆;B-空白血浆加NIC对照品;C-NIC鼻腔给药3 min后血浆;D-NIC灌胃给药10 min后血浆;1-内标;2-NIC。
, figureFileSmall=I3A+IBnSaRnrnfhc3KuQJg==, figureFileBig=Rtt1pr+K8cFjpi2QGzX4ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123431398420575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Plasma concentration-time profiles of NIC after nasal administration of the nasal gel and ig dosing of NIC suspension to rats. n=6,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=+HOyIAri8yS46EPSTTwLnw==, figureFileBig=k/AWZye5tLXOU3gq/4TUEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123431452946528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
NIC鼻用温敏凝胶及其混悬液在大鼠体内血药浓度-时间曲线图。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=+HOyIAri8yS46EPSTTwLnw==, figureFileBig=k/AWZye5tLXOU3gq/4TUEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123431541026913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Analytical precision of NIC in rat plasma. n=5,$\bar{x}±s$
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ (Theoretical) /μg·mL-1 | Intra-day precision | Inter-day precision |
ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RSD /% | ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RSD /% |
| 1.0 | 0.97±0.03 | 3.06 | 0.98±0.01 | 1.18 |
| 4.0 | 4.14±0.01 | 0.34 | 4.00±0.14 | 3.50 |
| 16.0 | 16.38±0.21 | 1.30 | 16.32±0.29 | 1.79 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431633301602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
血浆中NIC分析方法精密度测定结果。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ (Theoretical) /μg·mL-1 | Intra-day precision | Inter-day precision |
ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RSD /% | ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RSD /% |
| 1.0 | 0.97±0.03 | 3.06 | 0.98±0.01 | 1.18 |
| 4.0 | 4.14±0.01 | 0.34 | 4.00±0.14 | 3.50 |
| 16.0 | 16.38±0.21 | 1.30 | 16.32±0.29 | 1.79 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431742353507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Recovery of NIC in rat plasma. n=5,$\bar{x}±s$
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ /μg·mL-1 | Method recovery/% | RSD /% | Extraction recovery/% | RSD /% |
| 1.0 | 97.03±2.97 | 1.86 | 82.90±1.96 | 2.37 |
| 4.0 | 103.57±0.36 | 1.36 | 90.69±2.69 | 2.97 |
| 16.0 | 102.37±1.45 | 1.33 | 92.57±1.00 | 1.08 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431817850980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
血浆中NIC回收率测定结果。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ /μg·mL-1 | Method recovery/% | RSD /% | Extraction recovery/% | RSD /% |
| 1.0 | 97.03±2.97 | 1.86 | 82.90±1.96 | 2.37 |
| 4.0 | 103.57±0.36 | 1.36 | 90.69±2.69 | 2.97 |
| 16.0 | 102.37±1.45 | 1.33 | 92.57±1.00 | 1.08 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431876571237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Stability of NIC plasma samples.n=5,$\bar{x}±s$
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(Theoretical) /μg·mL-1 | Injection room for 24 h | Room temperature for 24 h | Freeze-thaw cycles for 3 times | -20 ℃ for 5 d |
ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RE /% | ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RE /% | ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RE /% | ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RE /% |
| 1.0 | 1.02±0.02 | 2.0 | 0.97±0.03 | -3.0 | 1.10±0.00 | 10.0 | 1.05±0.01 | 5.0 |
| 4.0 | 3.87±0.06 | -3.2 | 4.19±0.01 | 4.75 | 4.37±0.73 | 9.25 | 4.16±0.06 | 4.0 |
| 16.0 | 16.42±0.22 | 2.6 | 16.66±0.21 | 4.12 | 16.07±0.61 | 0.44 | 15.79±0.26 | -1.31 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431935291494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
NIC血样稳定性研究结果。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(Theoretical) /μg·mL-1 | Injection room for 24 h | Room temperature for 24 h | Freeze-thaw cycles for 3 times | -20 ℃ for 5 d |
ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RE /% | ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RE /% | ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RE /% | ρ(Determined) /μg·mL-1 | RE /% |
| 1.0 | 1.02±0.02 | 2.0 | 0.97±0.03 | -3.0 | 1.10±0.00 | 10.0 | 1.05±0.01 | 5.0 |
| 4.0 | 3.87±0.06 | -3.2 | 4.19±0.01 | 4.75 | 4.37±0.73 | 9.25 | 4.16±0.06 | 4.0 |
| 16.0 | 16.42±0.22 | 2.6 | 16.66±0.21 | 4.12 | 16.07±0.61 | 0.44 | 15.79±0.26 | -1.31 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431994011751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Pharmacokinetic parameters of NIC thermosensitive nasal gel in and ig dosing of the drug suspension in rats.n=6,$\bar{x}±s$
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameters | ig | in |
| tmax/h | 0.33±0.00 | 0.08±0.041) |
| ρmax/μg·mL-1 | 12.55±2.36 | 19.63±4.491) |
| ke/h-1 | 0.36±0.13 | 0.27±0.04 |
| t1/2/h | 2.27±1.08 | 2.63±0.50 |
| AUC0-t/μg·h·mL-1 | 28.93±6.40 | 22.04±2.98 |
| AUC0-∞/μg·h·mL-1 | 30.42±6.13 | 24.54±2.99 |
| Fr | 161.34% | |
), ArticleFig(id=1197123432065314920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
NIC温敏鼻用凝胶与药物混悬液在大鼠体内的药动学参数。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Parameters | ig | in |
| tmax/h | 0.33±0.00 | 0.08±0.041) |
| ρmax/μg·mL-1 | 12.55±2.36 | 19.63±4.491) |
| ke/h-1 | 0.36±0.13 | 0.27±0.04 |
| t1/2/h | 2.27±1.08 | 2.63±0.50 |
| AUC0-t/μg·h·mL-1 | 28.93±6.40 | 22.04±2.98 |
| AUC0-∞/μg·h·mL-1 | 30.42±6.13 | 24.54±2.99 |
| Fr | 161.34% | |
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