Article(id=1196884558818886284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)21-2060-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.21.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1693238400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763289115861, onlineDateStr=2025-11-16, pubDate=1730995200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763289115861, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763289115861, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763289115861, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1196884515873407615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='21', pageStart='1987', pageEnd='2098', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763289105623, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763292131714, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1196897208286097826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1196897208286097827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2060, endPage=2064, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1196884559003435662, articleId=1196884558818886284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Pharmacokinetics and Nasal Residence Time of Nicorandil Thermosensitive Nasal Gel in Rats, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics and nasal residence time of nicorandil (NIC) thermosensitive nasal gel in rats. METHODS The concentration of NIC in rat plasma was determined by HPLC method. Rats were randomly divided into nasal and intragastric groups of 6 animals each. NIC thermosensitive nasal gel was nasally administered to the test group at a dose of 2.5 mg·kg-1 and NIC suspension was given intragastricaly to the control group at a dose of 5.0 mg·kg-1. The drug plasma concentrations at different times following administration were determined and the main pharmacokinetic parameters of NIC for the two groups such as tmax, ρmax, t1/2, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and relative bioavailability (Fr) for the NIC nasal gel were estimated. Furthermore, with dye method, the nasal residence time of the NIC nasal gel was investigated by using rats as test model and 0.9% NS as reference. RESULTS The tmax of the in group and ig group were 0.08 and 0.33 h, ρmax were 19.63 and 12.55 μg·mL-1, t1/2 were 2.63 and 2.27 h, AUC0-t were 22.04 and 28.93 μg·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞ were 24.54 and 30.42 μg·h·mL-1, respectively. The relative bioavailability (Fr) of the NIC nasal gel was found to be 161.34%. The nasal residence time of the NIC nasal gel and 0.9% NS were observed to be 13.4 and 2.2 min, respectively. CONCLUSION NIC thermosensitive nasal gel may be a new dosage form for treating angina pectoris with good clinical application prospect due to its rapid in vivo absorption, high bioavailability, longer nasal residence time and convenient administration.

, correspAuthors=Fugen GU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lei YANG, Cai WANG, Fugen GU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1196884643329917592, articleId=1196884558818886284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=尼可地尔鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠体内药动学及鼻内滞留时间研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究尼可地尔(NIC)鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠体内的药动学及鼻腔内滞留时间。方法 采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定大鼠血中NIC浓度。将大鼠随机分为灌胃给药组(ig)和鼻腔给药(in)组,每组6只,ig组给予NIC混悬液,剂量为5.0 mg·kg-1,in组给予NIC鼻用温敏凝胶,剂量为2.5 mg·kg-1,分别测定给药后不同时间血中药物浓度并求得tmaxρmaxt1/2、AUC0-t、AUC0-∞及相对生物利用度(Fr,%)等药动学参数。以大鼠为实验对象、生理盐水为对照,采用染料法,测定NIC鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠鼻内的滞留时间。结果 测得in组与ig组的tmax分别为0.08和0.33 h,ρmax分别为19.63和12.55 μg·mL-1,t1/2分别为2.63和2.27 h,AUC0-t分别为22.04和28.93 μg·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞分别为24.54和30.42 μg·h·mL-1,求得NIC鼻用温敏凝胶的Fr为161.34%。此外,测得药物鼻用温敏凝胶及生理盐水在大鼠鼻内滞留时间分别为13.4与2.2 min。。结论 NIC鼻用温敏凝胶剂体内吸收迅速、生物利用度高、鼻内滞留时间较长、给药方便,是一种具有良好临床应用前景的心绞痛治疗药新剂型。

, correspAuthors=谷福根, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 谷福根,男,博士,主任药师,硕士生导师 研究方向:环糊精包合物及鼻腔给药新剂型 Tel:(0471)3451657
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杨蕾,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:鼻腔给药新剂型

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=鼻用温敏凝胶), Keyword(id=1197123430781857882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=药动学), Keyword(id=1197123430861549659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=生物利用度), Keyword(id=1197123430945435740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=鼻内滞留时间)], refs=[Reference(id=1197123432199532649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=936, issue=null, pageStart=175365, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=LIU Y, SHU J, LIU T, journalName=Eur J Pharmacol, refType=null, 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Res Vet Sci, 2011, 90(1):95-98., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetics of nicorandil in dogs with mild mitral regurgitation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123433877254258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=315, pageEnd=324, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=AHMED A B, NATH LK, journalName=Expert Opin Drug Deliv, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AHMED A B, NATH LK. Design and development of controlled release floating matrix tablet of nicorandil using hydrophilic cellulose and pH-independent acrylic polymer:in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations[J]. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2016, 13(3):315-324., articleTitle=Design and development of controlled release floating matrix tablet of nicorandil using hydrophilic cellulose and pH-independent acrylic polymer:in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123433940168819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=46, issue=11, pageStart=1125, pageEnd=1130, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=CÉSAR IC, BASTOS LFS, GODIN AM, journalName=J Mass Spectrom, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CÉSAR IC, BASTOS LFS, GODIN AM, et al. Simultaneous quantitation of nicorandil and its denitrated metabolite in plasma by LC-MS/MS:application for a pharmacokinetic study[J]. J Mass Spectrom, 2011. 46(11):1125-1130., articleTitle=Simultaneous quantitation of nicorandil and its denitrated metabolite in plasma by LC-MS/MS:application for a pharmacokinetic study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123433994694772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=240, pageEnd=245, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=FENG Y H, WANG Q, QIN Y, journalName=Chin J Pharm Anal(药物分析杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG Y H, WANG Q, QIN Y. Determination of nicorandil in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS method and its pharmacokinetics[J]. 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Drug Deliv, 2006, 13(1):69-77., articleTitle=Controlled in vivo release of nicorandil from a carvone-based transdermal therapeutic system in human volunteers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123434221187192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=106, issue=null, pageStart=111, pageEnd=122, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=KRISHNAIAH Y S R, AL-SAIDAN S M, CHANDRASEKHAR D V, journalName=J Controlled Release, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KRISHNAIAH Y S R, AL-SAIDAN S M, CHANDRASEKHAR D V, et al. Bioavailability of nerodilol-based transdermal therapeutic system of nicorandil in human volunteers[J]. J Controlled Release, 2005, 106:111-122., articleTitle=Bioavailability of nerodilol-based transdermal therapeutic system of nicorandil in human volunteers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123434279907449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=619, issue=2, pageStart=336, pageEnd=341, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=BACHERT E L, FUNG H L, journalName=J Chromatogr, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BACHERT E L, FUNG H L. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for stability and pharmacokinetic studies of nicorandil[J]. J Chromatogr, 1993, 619 (2):336-341., articleTitle=High-performance liquid chromatographic method for stability and pharmacokinetic studies of nicorandil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123434372182138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=23, issue=7, pageStart=2272, pageEnd=2279, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=LI Y, LI J F, ZHANG X, journalName=Drug Deliv, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y, LI J F, ZHANG X, et al. Non-ionic surfactants as novel intranasal absorption enhancers: in vitro and in vivo characterization[J]. Drug Deliv, 2016, 23(7):2272-2279., articleTitle=Non-ionic surfactants as novel intranasal absorption enhancers: in vitro and in vivo characterization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123434430902395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=55, issue=17, pageStart=1444, pageEnd=1449, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=CONG Z X, LI S, WANG Y, journalName=Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CONG Z X, LI S, WANG Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics and brain delivery of citalopram hydrobromide thermosensitive nasal gel in rats[J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2020, 55(17):1444-1449., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetics and brain delivery of citalopram hydrobromide thermosensitive nasal gel in rats, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197123429255131194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197123429263519803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, companyId=1197123429255131194, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197123429276102716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, companyId=1197123429255131194, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 内蒙古医科大学药学院, 呼和浩特 010110)]), AuthorCompany(id=1197123429330628669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197123429339017278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, companyId=1197123429330628669, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197123429343211583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, companyId=1197123429330628669, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 内蒙古医科大学附属医院, 呼和浩特 010050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197123431167733853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=HPLC chromatograms of nicorandil(NIC) in rat plasma

A-blank plasma; B-blank plasma spiked with NIC control; C-plasma sample collected 3 min after nasal administration of NIC nasal gel; D-plasma sample collected 10min after ig dosing of NIC suspension; 1-internal standard; 2-NIC.

, figureFileSmall=I3A+IBnSaRnrnfhc3KuQJg==, figureFileBig=Rtt1pr+K8cFjpi2QGzX4ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123431230648414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=图1, caption=大鼠血浆中尼可地尔(NIC)色谱图

A-空白血浆;B-空白血浆加NIC对照品;C-NIC鼻腔给药3 min后血浆;D-NIC灌胃给药10 min后血浆;1-内标;2-NIC。

, figureFileSmall=I3A+IBnSaRnrnfhc3KuQJg==, figureFileBig=Rtt1pr+K8cFjpi2QGzX4ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123431398420575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Plasma concentration-time profiles of NIC after nasal administration of the nasal gel and ig dosing of NIC suspension to rats. n=6,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=+HOyIAri8yS46EPSTTwLnw==, figureFileBig=k/AWZye5tLXOU3gq/4TUEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123431452946528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=图2, caption=NIC鼻用温敏凝胶及其混悬液在大鼠体内血药浓度-时间曲线图。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=+HOyIAri8yS46EPSTTwLnw==, figureFileBig=k/AWZye5tLXOU3gq/4TUEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123431541026913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Analytical precision of NIC in rat plasma. n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ
(Theoretical)
/μg·mL-1
Intra-day precision Inter-day precision
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RSD
/%
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RSD
/%
1.0 0.97±0.03 3.06 0.98±0.01 1.18
4.0 4.14±0.01 0.34 4.00±0.14 3.50
16.0 16.38±0.21 1.30 16.32±0.29 1.79
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431633301602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

血浆中NIC分析方法精密度测定结果。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ
(Theoretical)
/μg·mL-1
Intra-day precision Inter-day precision
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RSD
/%
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RSD
/%
1.0 0.97±0.03 3.06 0.98±0.01 1.18
4.0 4.14±0.01 0.34 4.00±0.14 3.50
16.0 16.38±0.21 1.30 16.32±0.29 1.79
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431742353507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Recovery of NIC in rat plasma. n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ
/μg·mL-1
Method
recovery/%
RSD
/%
Extraction
recovery/%
RSD
/%
1.0 97.03±2.97 1.86 82.90±1.96 2.37
4.0 103.57±0.36 1.36 90.69±2.69 2.97
16.0 102.37±1.45 1.33 92.57±1.00 1.08
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431817850980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

血浆中NIC回收率测定结果。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ
/μg·mL-1
Method
recovery/%
RSD
/%
Extraction
recovery/%
RSD
/%
1.0 97.03±2.97 1.86 82.90±1.96 2.37
4.0 103.57±0.36 1.36 90.69±2.69 2.97
16.0 102.37±1.45 1.33 92.57±1.00 1.08
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431876571237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Stability of NIC plasma samples.n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(Theoretical)
/μg·mL-1
Injection room for 24 h Room temperature for 24 h Freeze-thaw cycles for 3 times -20 ℃ for 5 d
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RE
/%
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RE
/%
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RE
/%
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RE
/%
1.0 1.02±0.02 2.0 0.97±0.03 -3.0 1.10±0.00 10.0 1.05±0.01 5.0
4.0 3.87±0.06 -3.2 4.19±0.01 4.75 4.37±0.73 9.25 4.16±0.06 4.0
16.0 16.42±0.22 2.6 16.66±0.21 4.12 16.07±0.61 0.44 15.79±0.26 -1.31
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431935291494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

NIC血样稳定性研究结果。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(Theoretical)
/μg·mL-1
Injection room for 24 h Room temperature for 24 h Freeze-thaw cycles for 3 times -20 ℃ for 5 d
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RE
/%
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RE
/%
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RE
/%
ρ(Determined)
/μg·mL-1
RE
/%
1.0 1.02±0.02 2.0 0.97±0.03 -3.0 1.10±0.00 10.0 1.05±0.01 5.0
4.0 3.87±0.06 -3.2 4.19±0.01 4.75 4.37±0.73 9.25 4.16±0.06 4.0
16.0 16.42±0.22 2.6 16.66±0.21 4.12 16.07±0.61 0.44 15.79±0.26 -1.31
), ArticleFig(id=1197123431994011751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Pharmacokinetic parameters of NIC thermosensitive nasal gel in and ig dosing of the drug suspension in rats.n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters ig in
tmax/h 0.33±0.00 0.08±0.041)
ρmax/μg·mL-1 12.55±2.36 19.63±4.491)
ke/h-1 0.36±0.13 0.27±0.04
t1/2/h 2.27±1.08 2.63±0.50
AUC0-t/μg·h·mL-1 28.93±6.40 22.04±2.98
AUC0-∞/μg·h·mL-1 30.42±6.13 24.54±2.99
Fr 161.34%
), ArticleFig(id=1197123432065314920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884558818886284, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

NIC温敏鼻用凝胶与药物混悬液在大鼠体内的药动学参数。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters ig in
tmax/h 0.33±0.00 0.08±0.041)
ρmax/μg·mL-1 12.55±2.36 19.63±4.491)
ke/h-1 0.36±0.13 0.27±0.04
t1/2/h 2.27±1.08 2.63±0.50
AUC0-t/μg·h·mL-1 28.93±6.40 22.04±2.98
AUC0-∞/μg·h·mL-1 30.42±6.13 24.54±2.99
Fr 161.34%
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尼可地尔鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠体内药动学及鼻内滞留时间研究
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杨蕾 1, 2 , 王猜 1, 2 , 谷福根 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(21): 2060-2064
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(21): 2060-2064
尼可地尔鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠体内药动学及鼻内滞留时间研究
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杨蕾1, 2, 王猜1, 2, 谷福根2, *
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古医科大学药学院, 呼和浩特 010110
  • 2 内蒙古医科大学附属医院, 呼和浩特 010050
  • 杨蕾,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:鼻腔给药新剂型

通讯作者:

* 谷福根,男,博士,主任药师,硕士生导师 研究方向:环糊精包合物及鼻腔给药新剂型 Tel:(0471)3451657
Pharmacokinetics and Nasal Residence Time of Nicorandil Thermosensitive Nasal Gel in Rats
Lei YANG1, 2, Cai WANG1, 2, Fugen GU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
  • 2 The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
出版时间: 2024-11-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.009
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目的 研究尼可地尔(NIC)鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠体内的药动学及鼻腔内滞留时间。方法 采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定大鼠血中NIC浓度。将大鼠随机分为灌胃给药组(ig)和鼻腔给药(in)组,每组6只,ig组给予NIC混悬液,剂量为5.0 mg·kg-1,in组给予NIC鼻用温敏凝胶,剂量为2.5 mg·kg-1,分别测定给药后不同时间血中药物浓度并求得tmaxρmaxt1/2、AUC0-t、AUC0-∞及相对生物利用度(Fr,%)等药动学参数。以大鼠为实验对象、生理盐水为对照,采用染料法,测定NIC鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠鼻内的滞留时间。结果 测得in组与ig组的tmax分别为0.08和0.33 h,ρmax分别为19.63和12.55 μg·mL-1,t1/2分别为2.63和2.27 h,AUC0-t分别为22.04和28.93 μg·h·mL-1,AUC0-∞分别为24.54和30.42 μg·h·mL-1,求得NIC鼻用温敏凝胶的Fr为161.34%。此外,测得药物鼻用温敏凝胶及生理盐水在大鼠鼻内滞留时间分别为13.4与2.2 min。。结论 NIC鼻用温敏凝胶剂体内吸收迅速、生物利用度高、鼻内滞留时间较长、给药方便,是一种具有良好临床应用前景的心绞痛治疗药新剂型。

尼可地尔  /  鼻用温敏凝胶  /  药动学  /  生物利用度  /  鼻内滞留时间

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics and nasal residence time of nicorandil (NIC) thermosensitive nasal gel in rats. METHODS The concentration of NIC in rat plasma was determined by HPLC method. Rats were randomly divided into nasal and intragastric groups of 6 animals each. NIC thermosensitive nasal gel was nasally administered to the test group at a dose of 2.5 mg·kg-1 and NIC suspension was given intragastricaly to the control group at a dose of 5.0 mg·kg-1. The drug plasma concentrations at different times following administration were determined and the main pharmacokinetic parameters of NIC for the two groups such as tmax, ρmax, t1/2, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and relative bioavailability (Fr) for the NIC nasal gel were estimated. Furthermore, with dye method, the nasal residence time of the NIC nasal gel was investigated by using rats as test model and 0.9% NS as reference. RESULTS The tmax of the in group and ig group were 0.08 and 0.33 h, ρmax were 19.63 and 12.55 μg·mL-1, t1/2 were 2.63 and 2.27 h, AUC0-t were 22.04 and 28.93 μg·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞ were 24.54 and 30.42 μg·h·mL-1, respectively. The relative bioavailability (Fr) of the NIC nasal gel was found to be 161.34%. The nasal residence time of the NIC nasal gel and 0.9% NS were observed to be 13.4 and 2.2 min, respectively. CONCLUSION NIC thermosensitive nasal gel may be a new dosage form for treating angina pectoris with good clinical application prospect due to its rapid in vivo absorption, high bioavailability, longer nasal residence time and convenient administration.

nicorandil  /  thermosensitive nasal gel  /  pharmacokinetics  /  bioavailability  /  nasal residence time
杨蕾, 王猜, 谷福根. 尼可地尔鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠体内药动学及鼻内滞留时间研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (21) : 2060 -2064 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.009
Lei YANG, Cai WANG, Fugen GU. Pharmacokinetics and Nasal Residence Time of Nicorandil Thermosensitive Nasal Gel in Rats[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (21) : 2060 -2064 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.009
尼可地尔 (nicorandil,NIC)是一种新型硝酸酯类化合物,同时也是一种钾离子通道开放剂,通过双重作用机制改善心肌缺血,临床可用于各类心绞痛治疗[1],具有疗效确切、不良反应少、耐受性好等特点,是目前抗心肌缺血首选药物之一[2]。现有上市剂型有口服片剂与注射剂。前者吸收起效缓慢、有肝首过效应[3]、生物利用度低,而后者属于侵入性给药,且需医护人员协助用药,故使用不便,病人依从性差。此外,给药前还需要配药、消毒等操作,容易延误心绞痛的治疗。鼻腔给药具有给药方便、吸收起效快、生物利用度高等特点,现已成为某些镇痛药、退热药、偏头痛治疗药的理想给药途径而受到国内外医药工作者的高度关注[4-5]。NIC相对分子质量小,脂溶性适中,临床使用剂量小,上述性质均符合鼻腔给药的要求。因而有理由推测,鼻腔给药可能是NIC的理想给药途径。综上分析,本研究在前期完成NIC鼻用温敏凝胶制备及其体外质量评价的基础上,对其在动物体内的药动学和生物利用度以及鼻内滞留时间进行研究,旨在为今后研发该药物的鼻腔给药新剂型提供重要理论依据。
LC-20AT高效液相色谱仪(包括SPD-20A紫外-可见检测器,日本岛津公司);AB265-S型电子分析天平(分度值0.01 mg,瑞士梅特勒·托利多公司);Arioso UP 900 型超纯水器(韩国Human公司);H1750R离心机(湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司);Vortex-5型涡旋混合器(海门市其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司);DCY-12S可调氮吹仪(青岛海科仪器有限公司)。
NIC对照品(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司,批号:k1710021,纯度:99.5%);甲硝唑(内标,北京索莱宝科技有限公司,批号:SM8460,纯度:98.0%);NIC鼻用温敏凝胶(自制,批号:20230701,含量:2.5%);尼可地尔片(西安汉丰药业有限责任公司,批号:H61022860,规格:5 mg);0.9% 生理盐水(石家庄四药有限公司,批号:1808073402);亚甲蓝(分析纯,天津市北辰方正试剂厂);甲基叔丁醚[分析纯,福晨(天津)化学试剂有限公司];甲醇为色谱纯,乙酸乙酯等其他试剂均为分析纯,水为超纯水。
SD大鼠,SPF级,雌雄不拘,7~8周龄,体质量(250±10)g,内蒙古大学实验动物研究中心,动物许可证号:SCXK(蒙)2016-0001。
色谱柱:InertSustain®C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);预柱:Wonda Sil C18柱(4 mm×10 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇-水(48∶52);流速:1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长:254 nm;柱温:36 ℃。
取大鼠血浆100 μL,置于1.5 mL EP离心管中,加入内标(30.0 μg·mL-1甲硝唑,以体积分数50%甲醇配制)10 μL,涡旋1.5 min后,再加入甲基叔丁醚1 mL,继续涡旋1.5 min,以12 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液置于另一EP离心管中,在40 ℃水浴中氮气吹干,残渣用100 μL甲醇溶解,涡旋1.5 min,于12 000 r·min-1离心5 min,取上清液10 μL进样。
分别取大鼠空白血浆、空白血浆加NIC对照品溶液、NIC鼻用凝胶鼻腔给药3 min及药物混悬液灌胃给药10 min后血浆样品各100 μL,按照“2.1.2”项下方法,预处理后进样测定,记录色谱图,结果见图1。由图1可见,在上述色谱条件下,NIC与内标分离良好,保留时间适宜,且无内源性物质干扰,表明该方法的专属性良好。
精密称取NIC对照品适量,以水为溶剂,分别配制质量浓度为5,10,20,40,80,160,200 μg·mL-1的NIC系列对照溶液。取大鼠空白血浆100 μL,分别加入上述不同质量浓度NIC对照品溶液适量,分别配制成质量浓度为0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0,5.0,16.0,20.0 μg·mL-1的NIC对照血浆样品。按照“2.1.2”项下方法处理后,进样测定。以NIC峰面积(As)与内标峰面积(Ai)的比值(Y=As/Ai) 对血浆中药物质量浓度(ρ)作线性回归,求得标准曲线方程为:Y=0.184ρ+0.019 7,r=0.999 8。结果表明,血浆中NIC质量浓度在0.5~20.0 μg·mL-1内呈良好线性关系。
分别配制质量浓度为1.0,4.0,16.0 μg·mL-1 NIC血浆样品各5 份,同法处理后进样测定,日内重复测定5次,连续测定5 d,测定该方法的日内、日间精密度。结果见表1。可见,低、中、高 3 个质量浓度NIC 血浆样品的日内RSD在0.34%~3.06%之间,日间RSD在1.18%~3.50%之间(n=5),均符合生物样品的测定要求。
分别配制质量浓度为1.0,4.0,16.0 μg·mL-1 NIC血浆样品各5份,同法处理后进样测定,将所测药物峰面积与内标峰面积之比,代入当日NIC标准曲线方程,求得药物的浓度并计算方法回收率。另分别配制质量浓度为1.0,4.0,16.0 μg·mL-1 NIC血浆样品各5 份,不加内标,同法处理后进样分析,将所测药物峰面积与相应质量浓度药物溶液直接进样所测得的峰面积进行比较,计算方法的提取回收率,结果见表2。 可见, NIC的方法回收率在97.03%~103.57%之间,提取回收率在82.90%~92.57%之间(n=5),均符合生物样品的分析要求。
分别配制质量浓度为1.0,4.0,16.0 μg·mL-1 NIC血浆样品,分别在室温条件下放置24 h,预处理后进样室放置24 h,冻-融循环3次、-20 ℃放置5 d后,依法测定。结果见表3。可见,NIC血浆样品在上述条件下,药物浓度的RE≤±10%,表明NIC血样有较好的稳定性。
将大鼠随机分为灌胃给药(ig)组和鼻腔给药(in)组,每组6只,实验前禁食12 h,但允许自由饮水。将NIC片研细后,以0.5%CMC-Na溶液配成混悬液,用于ig给药组,剂量为5.0 mg·kg-1。分别于给药后0.08,0.17,0.33,0.67,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,6.0,8.0 h由眼眶静脉丛采血约0.3 mL,于肝素化EP离心管中,同时腹腔注射等体积生理盐水,以维持动物血容量基本恒定。另将血样以3 500 r·min-1离心10 min,分离血浆,将其置于另一EP离心管中,于-20 ℃下保存,备用。
in组在给药前,先腹腔注射20%乌拉坦溶液,将其麻醉后,仰卧位固定于手术台上,剪去颈中部周围毛发并切开颈部皮肤,分离颈部肌肉,暴露气管和食管,作气管插管以保证呼吸,然后在食管上作一切口,插入一长段细聚乙烯管,随后将微量注射器沿聚乙烯管伸入大鼠鼻腔后部,随后缓慢推入2.5%NIC鼻用温敏凝胶,剂量为2.5 mg·kg-1。给药后立即拔出聚乙烯管并结扎,以防吞咽使药物流失。分别于给药后0.05,0.13,0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0 h同法采血,并腹腔注射等体积生理盐水,分离血浆,于-20 ℃下保存备用。
血药浓度-时间数据采用DAS 2.0药动学软件进行拟合处理。其中,药动学参数tmaxρmax值由实测数据直接读取,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC0-t)采用梯形面积法进行计算,AUCt-∞采用公式计算:AUCt-∞=ρt/ke,式中,ρt为最后一个采样时间点所测血药浓度,ke为药物消除速率常数。药物消除半衰期(t1/2)可采用公式:t1/2=0.693/ke,进行计算。另外,以ig给药为参比,根据公式1,计算NIC鼻用温敏凝胶的相对生物利用度(Fr)。
Fr(%)= (AUC0-∞/D)in/(AUC0-∞/D)ig×100%
式中,in为鼻腔给药,ig为灌胃给药,D为给药剂量。最后采用GraphPad 9.0软件对药动学参数进行统计学分析。
NIC经2种途径给药后,在大鼠体内的药动学过程均符合一室模型,平均血药物浓度-时间曲线见图2,主要药动学参数见表4。可见,NIC鼻用温敏凝胶经鼻腔给药后,在大鼠体内吸收迅速,tmax仅约5 min,而药物混悬液ig给药后,tmax长达20 min,此外,在给药剂量仅为ig给药1/2的情况下,in给药的ρmax仍显著大于后者(P<0.01)。同时,求得NIC鼻用温敏凝胶的Fr高达161.34%。
取20只SD大鼠,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组10只。将大鼠采用20%乌拉坦溶液麻醉后,实验组动物通过微量移液器一侧鼻腔给予含有0.5%亚甲基蓝的药物鼻用温敏凝胶5 μL,对照组则给予相同体积含相同浓度亚甲基蓝的生理盐水溶液。两组动物均在给药后前5 min每隔30 s,给药后第6 min开始,每隔1 min,将棉签伸入大鼠口腔,擦拭鼻咽部,以确定亚甲基蓝出现的时间。研究结果发现,鼻腔给予亚甲基蓝生理盐水溶液后,该染料到达大鼠鼻咽部的时间为 (2.15±0.47) min,而药物鼻用温敏凝胶中染料到达鼻咽部所需时间为(13.4±1.78) min(n=10),两组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01),表明NIC鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠鼻腔的滞留时间较生理盐水显著延长。
体内NIC的分析测定方法,有经典的HPLC-UV法和液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法等[9- 12],考虑本研究室现有条件和检测成本,本研究拟建立HPLC-UV法来完成大鼠血浆中NIC的含量测定。在流动相的筛选中,笔者曾采用甲醇-水(63∶37为流动相,发现药物峰有拖尾现象,后调整为甲醇与水的比例为48∶52)后,结果药物峰形良好,保留时间适宜。此外,在内标的选择中,曾根据文献首先采用呋塞米[13]、尼泊金乙酯[14],而后尝试使用盐酸小檗碱、布洛芬、辛伐他汀、甲硝唑等多个化合物,结果发现,呋塞米出峰太早,与内源性物质无法分离,而尼泊金乙酯的出峰时间则过晚,盐酸小檗碱、布洛芬、辛伐他汀等均无法与NIC实现完全分离,仅有甲硝唑不仅可实现与NIC完全分离,且峰形良好、保留时间适宜,故为最理想内标。因血样中存在内源性物质,为减少分析中对药物和内标的干扰,笔者参考有关文献分别考察了甲醇沉淀蛋白法[12]、乙酸乙酯萃取法[15-16]、甲基叔丁醚萃取法[7]对含药血样进行了预处理,结果发现,甲醇沉淀蛋白法药物损失多,方法灵敏度较低,乙酸乙酯萃取法存在内源性物质干扰内标的测定,而甲基叔丁醚萃取法,消除了内源性物质干扰,且药物和内标分离完全,二者峰形良好,因而是最理想的血样预处理方法。总之,本研究所建立上述HPLC测定方法操作简单经济、特异性强、精密度与准确度和灵敏度较高,可完全满足NIC鼻用凝胶制剂在大鼠体内药动学研究的要求。
为使体内药动学研究结果更接近实际,本研究使用了市售NIC片作为参比制剂,因大鼠无法服用整片,故在临用前将其制成混悬液后使用。体内药动学研究结果可见,与NIC片的混悬液ig给药相比,NIC鼻用温敏凝胶经鼻给药后,药物吸收非常迅速,其tmax仅为5 min,而前者的tmax长达20 min,如果改为服用NIC整片,推测其体内的tmax将更大,表明该药物经鼻黏膜吸收的速度远快于经胃肠吸收,且在给药剂量仅为灌胃给药1/2情况下,其ρmax仍显著高于后者(P<0.01)。鉴于该药物在体内的药动学过程符合线性药代动力学特性[17],即其血药浓度、AUC与给药剂量成正比关系,故有理由推测在相同剂量给药情况下,该NIC鼻用温敏凝胶的ρmax、AUC0-t、AUC0-∞应远大于灌胃给药,本研究实际测得该药物鼻用凝胶新剂型的Fr高达161.34%,也证明了上述推断是完全正确的。此外,本研究中还发现NIC鼻用温敏凝胶在大鼠鼻内滞留时间较生理盐水显著延长,表明该制剂在给药后,在大鼠鼻腔生理温度下可在较短时间内发生相转变,由低黏度的溶液形式转变为高黏度半固体凝胶形式,故在鼻腔的滞留时间延长。该NIC鼻用新制剂在大鼠体内吸收快,其生物利用度改善的原因,一方面,可能是NIC鼻用温敏凝胶中药物以分子形式存在,而鼻黏膜下有丰富的血管及淋巴管,故药物可被快速吸收进入血液循环,这符合鼻腔给药快速吸收的特征;另一方面,该药物鼻用新制剂的生物利用度显著提高,可能与鼻腔给药可避免肝首过效应、温敏凝胶制剂在鼻腔滞留时间明显延长以及制剂处方中添加药物吸收促进剂泊洛沙姆188和生物黏附剂HPMC等因素有关[18-19]。至于该制剂在人体内的药动学和生物利用度及鼻内的滞留时间还有待于今后继续深入研究。
综上所述,该NIC鼻用温敏凝胶具有吸收起效快、鼻内滞留时间久、生物利用度高、给药方便等显著特点,非常适于心绞痛的紧急治疗,因而具有潜在的临床应用价值和市场开发前景。
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2024年第59卷第21期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.009
  • 接收时间:2023-08-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-16
  • 出版时间:2024-11-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-29
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    1 内蒙古医科大学药学院, 呼和浩特 010110
    2 内蒙古医科大学附属医院, 呼和浩特 010050

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* 谷福根,男,博士,主任药师,硕士生导师 研究方向:环糊精包合物及鼻腔给药新剂型 Tel:(0471)3451657
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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