Article(id=1196884550220559285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)21-2053-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.21.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1697126400000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763289113811, onlineDateStr=2025-11-16, pubDate=1730995200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763289113811, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763289113811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763289113811, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1196884515873407615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='21', pageStart='1987', pageEnd='2098', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763289105623, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763292131714, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1196897208286097826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1196897208286097827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2053, endPage=2059, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1196884550417691575, articleId=1196884550220559285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Tissue Distribution of Betulinic Acid Nanovesicles in Mice, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To study the betulinic acid nanovesicle delivery system, and determine the distribution of the preparation in mice. METHODS A physical characterization method of nanovesicles was established, focusing on the aspects of morphology, particle size, Zeta potential, etc.In the study of tissue distribution of betulinic acid nanovesicles in vivo, mice were injected through the tail vein, and the concentrations of betulinic acid in various tissues and plasma at different time points were determined by HPLC, and the targeting parameters were calculated. RESULTS Betulinic acid nanovesicles shape is spherical and uniformly dispersed. The particle size is 140.51 nm, polymer dispersity index(PDI) is 22.58%, Zeta potential is -28.8 mV, encapsulation efficiency is 90.52%, drug loading is 8.30%. Compared with the injection group, the concentration of betulinic acid nanovesicles in the tissues and plasma of mice in the injection group was higher, the total area under the curre(AUC) increase 1.81 times, and the target evaluation index concentration ratio(Ce) of liver tissue is 3.51, relative tissue exposure(re) is 2.87, targeting efficiency(te) is 1.07. CONCLUSION The results show that the betulinic acid nanovesicles have small particle size, good stability, high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading, and meet the design requirements.The betulinic acid nanovesicle delivery system shows that the preparation of nanovesicles from betulinic acid can significantly improve the bioavailability of drugs and have obvious targeting to liver.

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目的 研究白桦脂酸纳米囊泡在小鼠体内的分布情况。方法 从形态、粒径、Zeta电位等方面建立了白桦脂酸纳米囊泡物理表征方法。采用小鼠尾静脉注射给药,用HPLC法测定原料药及纳米囊泡在各组织及血浆中不同时间点白桦脂酸的浓度,并计算靶向参数。结果 白桦脂酸纳米囊泡形态呈圆球形且均匀分散,粒径为140.51 nm,多分散系数(PDI)为22.58%,Zeta电位为-28.8 mV,包封率为90.52%,载药量为8.30%,24 h累积释放度85.33%。与注射原料药组相比,注射白桦脂酸纳米囊泡组小鼠各组织及血浆中药物浓度更高,总药-时曲线下面积(AUC)增加了1.81倍,肝组织的靶向评价指标,峰浓度比(Ce)为3.51、相对摄取率(re)为2.87、靶向效率(te)为1.07。。结论 制备的白桦脂酸纳米囊泡粒径小、稳定性好、包封率和载药量较高,符合设计要求。白桦脂酸制成纳米囊泡后可显著提高药物的生物利用度,对肝具备明显的靶向性。

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李鑫,男,硕士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药现代剂型研究 Tel:( 0451) 84866910

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李鑫,男,硕士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药现代剂型研究 Tel:( 0451) 84866910

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李鑫,男,硕士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药现代剂型研究 Tel:( 0451) 84866910

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J Chin Pharm(中国药房), 2019, 30(4): 570-576., articleTitle=Research progress on preparation methods and pharmacological effects of betulinic acid and its derivatives, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123587887906994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=28, issue=6, pageStart=978, pageEnd=985, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=ZHOU Y M, LIN L M, XIA B H, journalName=Nat Prod Res Dev(天然产物研究与开发), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Y M, LIN L M, XIA B H. Progress in preparation and pharmacological activity of betulinic acid[J]. Nat Prod Res Dev(天然产物研究与开发), 2016, 28(6): 978-985., articleTitle=Progress in preparation and pharmacological activity of betulinic acid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123587980181683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=51, issue=4, pageStart=379, pageEnd=382, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=ZHOU J P, journalName=J China Pharm Univ(中国药科大学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU J P. Application and prospect of nanotechnology in drug delivery[J]. J China Pharm Univ(中国药科大学学报), 2020, 51(4): 379-382., articleTitle=Application and prospect of nanotechnology in drug delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123588055679156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=374, pageEnd=380, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=ZHOU S Y, SHAO Y Y, LI Y, journalName=J Tianjin Univ Tradit Chin Med(天津中医药大学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU S Y, SHAO Y Y, LI Y, et al. Research progress of nano-preparations of active components of traditional Chinese medicine against tumor[J]. J Tianjin Univ Tradit Chin Med(天津中医药大学学报), 2020, 39(4): 374-380., articleTitle=Research progress of nano-preparations of active components of traditional Chinese medicine against tumor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123588135370933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=53, issue=12, pageStart=1706, pageEnd=1714, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=ZHAO Y, XU K X, HU H, journalName=Chin J Pharm Ind(中国医药工业杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Y, XU K X, HU H, et al. Research progress of nano-drug delivery system in the treatment of bladder dysfunction and bladder tumor[J]. Chin J Pharm Ind(中国医药工业杂志), 2022, 53(12): 1706-1714., articleTitle=Research progress of nano-drug delivery system in the treatment of bladder dysfunction and bladder tumor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123588206674102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=6, pageStart=186, pageEnd=192, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=XU Y H, ZHANG J, DAI Y H, journalName=Chin J Pharm(中国药剂学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Y H, ZHANG J, DAI Y H, et al. Application of nano targeting technology in novel drug delivery system of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chin J Pharm(中国药剂学杂志), 2021, 19(6): 186-192., articleTitle=Application of nano targeting technology in novel drug delivery system of traditional Chinese medicine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197123588277977271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=1, pageStart=117, pageEnd=126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=XIE J, SUN L Y, ZHOU T H, journalName=J Fujian Agric For Univ(福建农林大学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE J, SUN L Y, ZHOU T H, et al. Response surface optimization of water extract from Ganoderma lucidum and its nanoemulsion preparation technology[J]. J Fujian Agric For Univ(福建农林大学学报), 2023, 52(1): 117-126., articleTitle=Response surface optimization of water extract from Ganoderma lucidum and its nanoemulsion preparation technology, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197123582141710455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197123582150099064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, companyId=1197123582141710455, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197123582158487673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, companyId=1197123582141710455, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=哈尔滨商业大学药学院, 哈尔滨 150010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197123583924289684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Transmission electron microscopy of betulinic acid nanovesicles, figureFileSmall=ICQnMX6rRuPK0EEEj5CWDw==, figureFileBig=fFY7kD2fE4DLVaOaa7k9DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123583999787157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=图1, caption=白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的透射电镜图, figureFileSmall=ICQnMX6rRuPK0EEEj5CWDw==, figureFileBig=fFY7kD2fE4DLVaOaa7k9DA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123584117227670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Particle size distribution of betulinic acid nanovesicles, figureFileSmall=dpXRYBZYC+RiY2M6gZnLHw==, figureFileBig=zfI5R/yUIOHIKyY9ZLFzgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123584201113751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=图2, caption=白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的粒径分布图, figureFileSmall=dpXRYBZYC+RiY2M6gZnLHw==, figureFileBig=zfI5R/yUIOHIKyY9ZLFzgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123584310165656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Zeta potential diagram of betulinic acid nanovesicles, figureFileSmall=eo9dDU9gk9GzJYmku0P25g==, figureFileBig=3hgVMm/GES47M3sqcueGOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123584423411865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=图3, caption=白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的Zeta电位图, figureFileSmall=eo9dDU9gk9GzJYmku0P25g==, figureFileBig=3hgVMm/GES47M3sqcueGOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123584503103642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=HPLC of betulinic acid and internal standard glycyrrhetinic acid in the tissues

A1-F1-were the chromatograms of blank samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and blood, respectively; A2-F2-were blank tissue+internal standard+betulinic acid chromatograms of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and blood, respectively; A3-F3-tissue samples+internal standard chromatogram of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and plasma after administration, respectively; Peak 1-glycyrrhetinic acid; Peak 2-betulinic acid.

, figureFileSmall=xzkeBCyhY5xrUb1U3vJvHg==, figureFileBig=mXJwGD2HdwhpUNsJpQY/RA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123584603766939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=图4, caption=白桦脂酸和内标甘草次酸在组织中的高效液相色谱图

A1~F1-分别为心、肝、脾、肺、肾和血的空白样品色谱图; A2~F2-分别为心、肝、脾、肺、肾和血的空白组织+内标+白桦脂酸色谱图; A3~F3-分别为心、肝、脾、肺、肾和血浆给药后组织样品+内标色谱图;峰1-甘草次酸;峰2-白桦脂酸。

, figureFileSmall=xzkeBCyhY5xrUb1U3vJvHg==, figureFileBig=mXJwGD2HdwhpUNsJpQY/RA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123585719451804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Concentration of betulinic acid in tissues and plasma after injection of betulinic acid active pharmaceutical ingredient. n=5,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=hNIWPJgCdqg3zXWJeWTKQA==, figureFileBig=DUJAKLoTGeA+KgKwOZpA4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123585832698013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=图5, caption=注射白桦脂酸原料药后各组织及血浆中白桦脂酸的质量浓度。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=hNIWPJgCdqg3zXWJeWTKQA==, figureFileBig=DUJAKLoTGeA+KgKwOZpA4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123586029830302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Concentration of betulinic acid in tissues and plasma after injection of betulinic acid nanovesicles. n=5,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=Gk+YAyiEwTo3utCUd+8vtw==, figureFileBig=rrOXCgdubqX32UIadqKNYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123586159853727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=图6, caption=注射白桦脂酸纳米囊泡后各组织及血浆中白桦脂酸的质量浓度。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=Gk+YAyiEwTo3utCUd+8vtw==, figureFileBig=rrOXCgdubqX32UIadqKNYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123586256322720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Cumulative drug release percentage of betulinic acid crude drug substance and betulinic acid nanovesicles. n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/h Cumulative release percentage/%
Crude drug substance Nanovesicles
0 0 0
0.5 32.67±0.70 7.87±0.20
1 46.49±0.74 17.01±0.94
2 57.68±0.93 31.62±0.67
3 60.11±0.51 43.91±0.68
4 60.41±0.93 53.18±0.90
6 59.14±0.97 74.88±1.76
8 58.89±0.92 80.96±0.71
12 58.56±0.69 83.88±1.00
24 57.06±0.57 85.33±0.81
), ArticleFig(id=1197123586377957537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

白桦脂酸原料药和白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的累积释药百分率。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/h Cumulative release percentage/%
Crude drug substance Nanovesicles
0 0 0
0.5 32.67±0.70 7.87±0.20
1 46.49±0.74 17.01±0.94
2 57.68±0.93 31.62±0.67
3 60.11±0.51 43.91±0.68
4 60.41±0.93 53.18±0.90
6 59.14±0.97 74.88±1.76
8 58.89±0.92 80.96±0.71
12 58.56±0.69 83.88±1.00
24 57.06±0.57 85.33±0.81
), ArticleFig(id=1197123586461843618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Linear equation of betulinic acid in different tissues

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Tissues Standard curve r2 Linear range/μg·mL-1
Heart y=0.042 2x+0.006 2 0.999 7 0.92-184
Liver y=0.043 7x-0.006 3 0.999 5 0.92-184
Spleen y=0.039 3x-0.010 8 0.998 9 0.92-184
Lung y=0.037 3x-0.018 8 0.998 3 0.92-184
Kidney y=0.039 2x-0.010 3 0.999 3 0.92-184
Plasma y=0.041 1x-0.013 2 0.999 7 0.92-184
), ArticleFig(id=1197123586549924003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同组织中白桦脂酸的线性方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Tissues Standard curve r2 Linear range/μg·mL-1
Heart y=0.042 2x+0.006 2 0.999 7 0.92-184
Liver y=0.043 7x-0.006 3 0.999 5 0.92-184
Spleen y=0.039 3x-0.010 8 0.998 9 0.92-184
Lung y=0.037 3x-0.018 8 0.998 3 0.92-184
Kidney y=0.039 2x-0.010 3 0.999 3 0.92-184
Plasma y=0.041 1x-0.013 2 0.999 7 0.92-184
), ArticleFig(id=1197123586617032868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

In vivo pharmacokinetic parameters in mice of crude drug substance and nanovesicles groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters Group Heart Liver Spleen Lung Kidney Plasma
AUC/μg·h·mL-1 Crude drug substance 34.28 222.60 111.72 217.11 36.99 62.61
Nanovesicles 42.68 638.83 190.21 221.69 51.64 93.54
ρmax/μg·mL-1 Crude drug substance 11.62 46.65 34.55 95.50 12.73 56.31
Nanovesicles 12.58 163.85 39.11 91.81 13.71 62.03
), ArticleFig(id=1197123586696724645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

白桦脂酸原料药和白桦脂酸纳米囊泡小鼠体内各组织脏器和血浆的药动学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameters Group Heart Liver Spleen Lung Kidney Plasma
AUC/μg·h·mL-1 Crude drug substance 34.28 222.60 111.72 217.11 36.99 62.61
Nanovesicles 42.68 638.83 190.21 221.69 51.64 93.54
ρmax/μg·mL-1 Crude drug substance 11.62 46.65 34.55 95.50 12.73 56.31
Nanovesicles 12.58 163.85 39.11 91.81 13.71 62.03
), ArticleFig(id=1197123586881274022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Evaluation index of targeting ability of betulinic acid nanovesicles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameter Mouse tissue and plasma
Heart Liver Spleen Lung Kidney Plasma
Ce 1.08 3.51 1.13 0.96 1.08 1.10
re 1.25 2.87 1.70 1.02 1.40 1.49
te - 1.07 - - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1197123586960965799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884550220559285, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

白桦脂酸纳米囊泡靶向性的评价指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameter Mouse tissue and plasma
Heart Liver Spleen Lung Kidney Plasma
Ce 1.08 3.51 1.13 0.96 1.08 1.10
re 1.25 2.87 1.70 1.02 1.40 1.49
te - 1.07 - - - -
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白桦脂酸纳米囊泡在小鼠体内组织分布研究
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李鑫 , 宋彦娜 , 苗利 , 刘松鹤
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(21): 2053-2059
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(21): 2053-2059
白桦脂酸纳米囊泡在小鼠体内组织分布研究
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李鑫, 宋彦娜, 苗利, 刘松鹤
作者信息
  • 哈尔滨商业大学药学院, 哈尔滨 150010
  • 李鑫,男,硕士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药现代剂型研究 Tel:( 0451) 84866910

Tissue Distribution of Betulinic Acid Nanovesicles in Mice
Xin LI, Yanna SONG, Li MIAO, Songhe LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150010, China
出版时间: 2024-11-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.008
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目的 研究白桦脂酸纳米囊泡在小鼠体内的分布情况。方法 从形态、粒径、Zeta电位等方面建立了白桦脂酸纳米囊泡物理表征方法。采用小鼠尾静脉注射给药,用HPLC法测定原料药及纳米囊泡在各组织及血浆中不同时间点白桦脂酸的浓度,并计算靶向参数。结果 白桦脂酸纳米囊泡形态呈圆球形且均匀分散,粒径为140.51 nm,多分散系数(PDI)为22.58%,Zeta电位为-28.8 mV,包封率为90.52%,载药量为8.30%,24 h累积释放度85.33%。与注射原料药组相比,注射白桦脂酸纳米囊泡组小鼠各组织及血浆中药物浓度更高,总药-时曲线下面积(AUC)增加了1.81倍,肝组织的靶向评价指标,峰浓度比(Ce)为3.51、相对摄取率(re)为2.87、靶向效率(te)为1.07。。结论 制备的白桦脂酸纳米囊泡粒径小、稳定性好、包封率和载药量较高,符合设计要求。白桦脂酸制成纳米囊泡后可显著提高药物的生物利用度,对肝具备明显的靶向性。

白桦脂酸  /  纳米囊泡  /  组织分布

OBJECTIVE To study the betulinic acid nanovesicle delivery system, and determine the distribution of the preparation in mice. METHODS A physical characterization method of nanovesicles was established, focusing on the aspects of morphology, particle size, Zeta potential, etc.In the study of tissue distribution of betulinic acid nanovesicles in vivo, mice were injected through the tail vein, and the concentrations of betulinic acid in various tissues and plasma at different time points were determined by HPLC, and the targeting parameters were calculated. RESULTS Betulinic acid nanovesicles shape is spherical and uniformly dispersed. The particle size is 140.51 nm, polymer dispersity index(PDI) is 22.58%, Zeta potential is -28.8 mV, encapsulation efficiency is 90.52%, drug loading is 8.30%. Compared with the injection group, the concentration of betulinic acid nanovesicles in the tissues and plasma of mice in the injection group was higher, the total area under the curre(AUC) increase 1.81 times, and the target evaluation index concentration ratio(Ce) of liver tissue is 3.51, relative tissue exposure(re) is 2.87, targeting efficiency(te) is 1.07. CONCLUSION The results show that the betulinic acid nanovesicles have small particle size, good stability, high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading, and meet the design requirements.The betulinic acid nanovesicle delivery system shows that the preparation of nanovesicles from betulinic acid can significantly improve the bioavailability of drugs and have obvious targeting to liver.

betulinic acid  /  nanovesicles  /  tissue distribution
李鑫, 宋彦娜, 苗利, 刘松鹤. 白桦脂酸纳米囊泡在小鼠体内组织分布研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (21) : 2053 -2059 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.008
Xin LI, Yanna SONG, Li MIAO, Songhe LIU. Tissue Distribution of Betulinic Acid Nanovesicles in Mice[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (21) : 2053 -2059 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.008
在全球范围内,肝癌是最常见的致命恶性肿瘤,发病率逐年上升,死亡率极高且预后效果差[1-2]。目前常见的治疗手段以手术治疗、放疗及化疗为主,但由于肝脏再生能力差、术后并发症多,因此大部分患者无法接受手术治疗,而放疗和化疗药物选择性低、对机体损伤大、在治疗的同时往往会引起极大的不良反应[3-5]。因此对于肝癌患者来说,急需寻求一种安全、有效的治疗药物。白桦脂酸是一种天然的羽扇豆烷型三萜类化合物[6],对多种肿瘤细胞均有明显的抑制作用,且安全剂量高,不良反应低,被认为是最具潜力的抗肿瘤化合物之一[7-11]。但因其水溶性差、生物利用度低,靶向效果不明显等缺点,阻碍其被开发为有效的抗癌药物。近年来,纳米技术作为一种新型的药物递送系统,为现代制剂的研发提供新的思路,在抗肿瘤研究中起到重大作用[12-13]。纳米技术可通过优化药物的尺寸和表面性质,或利用组织特异性提高有效药物的靶向治疗效果,减少对其他组织脏器的损伤。同时纳米技术可结合其他的治疗方法,改善组织吸收药物的能力,并增强其药代动力学特征,延长药物作用时间,减少给药剂量,降低不良反应,提高患者用药的安全性[14-16]
高效液相色谱仪(美国Dionex公司);Welchrom C18色谱柱(上海月旭科技有限公司);JP-040ST结盟牌超声波清洗机(深圳市结盟清洗设备有限公司);Sorvall ST8R高速冷冻离心机(美国ThemoFisher Scientific公司;LE204E/02电子天平[梅特勒-托利多(上海)有限公司];XK-96-A快速混匀器(姜堰市新康医疗器械有限公司);一次性使用负压采血管(山东省威武县永康医用制品有限公司);DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(巩义市予华仪器有限责任公司);Litesizer TM500纳米粒度电位仪(奥地利Anton Paar公司);JEM-2100F透射电镜(日本电子株式会社);PHs-3c型pH计(上海伟业仪器公司)。
白桦脂酸对照品(四川省维克奇生物科技有限公司,批号:wkq21082505,纯度≥98%);白桦脂酸(陕西新湃生物科技有限公司,纯度>98%);甘草次酸(四川省维克奇生物科技有限公司,批号:wkq22042403);体积分数10%中性福尔马林固定液(飞净生物科技有限公司);甲醇、冰醋酸、乙腈为色谱纯,其他试剂均为分析纯。
实验动物:SPF级的KM小鼠,雌雄各半,体质量18~22 g,哈尔滨医科大学实验动物学部[许可证号:SYXK(黑)2019-001]。动物实验通过哈尔滨商业大学伦理委员会批准,编号为:HSDYXY-2022028。
白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的制备:精密称取白桦脂酸20 mg,加入0.089 8 g Tween 80、0.0777g Span 80及0.032 5 g胆固醇,溶于10 mL无水乙醇中,作为有机相;另取纯净水30 mL,置于磁力加热搅拌器中,于65 ℃下,用1 mL针筒将有机相缓慢注入纯净水中,保持860 r·min-1的速率,搅拌30 min,剩余溶液冷却至室温后加水定容至30 mL,即得。
白桦脂酸原料药注射液的制备:取白桦脂酸原料药加含5 mg·mL-1 Tween-80的生理盐水超声溶解,将其制成含药量为4 mg·mL-1的白桦脂酸混悬液。取4 ℃白桦脂酸纳米囊泡混悬液,用生理盐水稀释至含药量为4 mg·mL-1的白桦脂酸纳米囊泡混悬液。
取适量纳米囊泡样品,加蒸馏水稀释后滴加至铜网上,晾干,滴加2%磷钨酸染色,室温下干燥后,置于透射电镜下进行扫描分析。
取适量白桦脂酸纳米囊泡,分别将其用蒸馏水稀释100倍后,在25 ℃环境下,置于激光粒度仪中进行粒径、PDI和Zeta电位的检测。
色谱条件:色谱柱Welchrom C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸的水溶液(70:30),检测波长为207 nm,柱温为30℃,流速:1.0 mL·min-1,进样量为20 μL。
白桦脂酸体外释放方法:取白桦脂酸纳米囊泡适量(以白桦脂酸4.0 mg计)、白桦脂酸原料药4.0 mg,分别加入到处理过的透析袋中,将其置于含200 mL 5 mg·mL-1 SDS水溶液的烧杯中,在37 ℃水浴恒温振荡器中以100 r·min-1的速率振摇。分别在0.5、1、2、3、4、6、8、12、24 h各取1 mL释放介质(每次取样同时补加37 ℃的5 mg·mL-1 SDS水溶液1 mL)。每组平行操作6次,经0.45 μm滤膜过滤,按本项下色谱条件进样,计算累积释放百分率,绘制释放曲线。
取白桦脂酸纳米囊泡溶液,离心20 min,精密量取1 mL上层溶液,置于10 mL量瓶中,加适量甲醇,超声20 min,加甲醇定容,得白桦脂酸提取液,根据“2.2.3”项下的色谱条件测定,记录峰面积,代入标曲求算白桦脂酸的浓度,进而求出被包裹的药量。
取小鼠80只,随机分为2组,每组40只。给药前各组小鼠均禁食12 h,称重后按30 mg·kg-1单剂量尾静脉注射对照制剂白桦脂酸原料药注射液和实验制剂白桦脂酸纳米囊泡注射液。分别于给药后10、15、30 min、1、2、4、8和12 h依次取5只小鼠,将小鼠用玻璃点样毛细管眼眶采血1.0 mL,置于一次性负压采血管中,4 000 r·min-1离心10 min,分离血浆样品,于-20 ℃冰柜中保存待测。取血后迅速将小鼠断头处死,解剖各小鼠取各组织(心、肝、脾、肺、肾)。将各小鼠各组织用生理盐水冲净,滤纸吸干精密称重,分别以1∶3(g·mL-1)比例加生理盐水并研成组织匀浆,于-20 ℃冰柜中保存。采用HPLC测定并记录样品峰面积和内标物峰面积比值,代入标准曲线计算白桦脂酸浓度。以峰浓度比(Ce)、相对摄取率(re)和靶向效率(te)为指标,评价白桦脂酸纳米囊泡体内分布特征。
色谱柱Welchrom C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸的水溶液(80∶20),检测波长为207 nm,柱温为30 ℃,流速:1.0 mL·min-1,进样量为20 μL。
取组织匀浆或血浆0.3 mL,加20 μL内标物溶液,涡旋1 min混匀,静置5 min后加入1 mL乙酸乙酯,涡旋10 min,12 000 r·min-1离心10 min,取上清液,氮气吹干,加100 μL乙腈复溶,涡旋混合3 min,12 000 r·min-1离心5 min,取上清液按“2.4.1”项下色谱条件进样。
分别取小鼠各空白组织匀浆液或血浆,按“2.4.2”项下方法处理(不加内标物),记录色谱图(图4A1~图4F1)。另取小鼠各空白组织匀浆液或血浆,加白桦脂酸对照品溶液,按“2.4.2”项下方法处理,记录色谱图(图4A2~图4F2)。最后取给药后各组织样品匀浆液或血液,按“2.4.2”项下方法处理,记录色谱图(图4A3~图4F3)。考察各空白组织是否干扰白桦脂酸的测定。
精密称取白桦脂酸对照品23.00 mg,加甲醇溶解并稀释至25 mL,得质量浓度为920.00 μg·mL-1的对照品储备液。分别精密量取白桦脂酸对照品储备液适量,依次加甲醇稀释成系列浓度的标准工作液。精密称取甘草次酸对照品2.30 mg,加甲醇溶解并稀释至10 mL,得质量浓度为230.00 μg·mL-1的内标物溶液。分别取各空白组织匀浆液或空白血浆0.3 mL,精密加入20 μL上述不同浓度的系列标准工作液,加入20 μL内标溶液,按“2.4.2”项下方法进行处理,以白桦脂酸峰面积与内标物峰面积的比值为纵坐标,白桦脂酸浓度为横坐标进行线性回归。
取不同浓度的白桦脂酸标准工作液,按“2.4.2”项下方法制备,平行制备低、中、高3个浓度的质量控制样品各3份,按“2.4.2”项下方法处理,在1 d内测3次,计算日内相对标准偏差;连续测3 d,计算日间相对标准偏差。
取不同浓度的白桦脂酸标准工作液,按“2.4.2”项下方法制备,平行制备样品各9份,首先各取3份3种不同浓度的质量控制样品于25 ℃条件下放置24 h后,进样分析,即为短期稳定性。再各取3份3种不同浓度样品于-80 ℃冷冻15 d后解冻,进样分析,即为长期稳定性。最后各取3份3种不同浓度样品经过3次反复冻融后,进样分析,即为冻融稳定性,并计算RSD值。
方法回收率:取不同浓度的白桦脂酸标准工作液,按“2.4.2”项下方法制备,平行制备样品各3份,按“2.4.2”项下方法进行处理,进样分析,进而计算回收率及RSD值。
提取回收率:取不同浓度的白桦脂酸标准工作液,按“2.4.2”项下方法制备,平行制备样品各3份,按“2.4.2”项下方法进行处理,进样分析进而计算提取回收率及RSD值。
采用透射电镜对白桦脂酸纳米囊泡样品进行拍摄,发现白桦脂酸纳米囊泡呈圆球状,且大小均一,无粘连问题。透射电镜照片见图1
白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的平均粒径为(140.51±1.09)nm,PDI为(22.58±0.53)%(图2)。
白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的平均电位值为(-28.8±0.35) mV,绝对值远大于15.00 mV,表明该制剂具备良好稳定性,不容易产生聚集现象(图3)。
根据《中国药典》2020年版四部的溶出度与释放度测定法,采用透析法对白桦脂酸原料药和白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的体外释放进行考察,白桦脂酸原料药和白桦脂酸纳米囊泡累积释放百分率结果见表1
白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的包封率为(90.52±0.53)%,其值大于80%,符合《中国药典》2020年版中对纳米制剂包封率的要求。经计算白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的载药量为(8.30±0.04)%。
图4结果可看出,内标甘草次酸与药物白桦脂酸的峰形对称、分离度良好,两药物保留时间分别在8 min左右及15 min左右,且组织内内源性物质产生的杂质峰与两峰分离均较好,说明该方法的专属性良好。
白桦脂酸在小鼠各组织和血浆中标准曲线方程和相关系数结果见表2,实验结果表明,白桦脂酸在0.92~184 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好。
小鼠组织(心、肝、脾、肺、肾及血)中3种不同浓度的样品的日内精密度RSD<5.88%,日间精密度相对标准偏差(RSD)<6.91%,说明3种不同浓度的样品在各组织及血浆中的精密度均良好,符合生物样品含量测定相关要求。
小鼠组织(心、肝、脾、肺、肾及血)中的样品方法回收率为92.81%~108.97%,其RSD<5.56%;样品提取回收率为86.77%~95.29%,其RSD<6.58%,说明该方法回收率和提取回收率均良好。不同条件下不同浓度的样品RSD均小于9.98%,说明3种不同浓度样品在各组织及血浆中的稳定性均良好,符合生物样品含量测定相关要求。
实验结果见图5~6,在注射白桦脂酸原料药和白桦脂酸纳米囊泡后,药物在2组小鼠的体内分布存在差异,与原料药组相比,制剂组肝脏中的药物浓度明显提高,说明将白桦脂酸制成纳米囊泡后可增加药物在肝脏中的分布。
使用Excel 2020版软件计算,得白桦脂酸原料药和白桦脂酸纳米囊泡各组织脏器和血浆的药动学参数,两组小鼠各组织和血浆的AUC、ρmax表3
表3可知,白桦脂酸纳米囊泡组与白桦脂酸原料药组相比,各组织及血浆的AUC总和由685.31 μg·h·mL-1提高到1 238.59 μg·h·mL-1,增加了1.81倍,其中,在白桦脂酸原料药组中,肝的AUC为222.60 μg·h·mL-1,而在白桦脂酸纳米囊泡组中,肝的AUC为638.83 μg·h·mL-1,是白桦脂酸原料药组的2.97倍。
根据所得参数计算白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的Ce、re和te,结果见表4
表4可知,除肺组织外,各组Ce值都大于1,表明药物在各脏器和血液中的浓度均上升,小鼠各脏器和血浆的re值均大于1,表明白桦脂酸纳米囊泡在小鼠各脏器组织和血浆中都有一定的靶向效果,肝的te值为1.07,大于1,说明白桦脂酸纳米囊泡对肝具有明显的靶向选择性。综合Ce和re结果,确定肝作为主要靶向器官,其余组织为非靶向器官。
纳米囊泡载药系统改变了药物在体内的分布情况,导致纳米囊泡在体内的分布与白桦脂酸原料药相比有较大的差异。注射相同剂量的白桦脂酸,白桦脂酸纳米囊泡组中各组织的总AUC是白桦脂酸原料药组的1.81倍。说明纳米囊泡在体内的暴露程度越高,吸收和利用效果更好。其次,通过白桦脂酸纳米囊泡组中肝的AUC、ρmax、Ce、re、te等靶向指标可以看出白桦脂酸纳米囊泡的肝靶向性显著,在肝中的浓度普遍高于其他组织,表现白桦脂酸纳米囊泡趋向肝蓄积的特性,实现被动靶向。白桦脂酸纳米囊泡粒径小,可增加与肠道黏膜的接触面积,纳米囊泡剂型进入体循环的白桦脂酸相对增加,更有利于其药效的充分发挥;同时囊泡内的药物是一个缓慢暴露的过程,药物作用时间加长,提高了药物在各组织的分布、延长了药物在体内的作用时间,说明该制剂明显提高了白桦脂酸在体内的生物利用度。粒径大小是否对其他组织有靶向性以及该制剂的抗肝癌活性,需进一步考察。
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.008
  • 接收时间:2023-10-13
  • 首发时间:2025-11-16
  • 出版时间:2024-11-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-13
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    哈尔滨商业大学药学院, 哈尔滨 150010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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