Article(id=1196884540984705672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)21-2030-12, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.21.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715529600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763289111610, onlineDateStr=2025-11-16, pubDate=1730995200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763289111610, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763289111610, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763289111610, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1196884515873407615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='21', pageStart='1987', pageEnd='2098', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763289105623, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763292131714, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1196897208286097826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1196897208286097827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1196884515873407615, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2030, endPage=2041, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1196884541177643658, articleId=1196884540984705672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Prediction Analysis of Quality Markers of Rhododendron molle G. Don Based on Chemical Pattern Recognition and Network Pharmacology, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To screen the quality markers (Q-marker) of Rhododendron molle based on HPLC-ELSD and network pharmacology, compare the contents of quality markers in different parts, different flowering periods and different producing areas of R. molle, and explore the potential medicinal value of R.molle and speculate its possible mechanism of action. METHODS HPLC-ELSD was used to establish the fingerprint of R. molle, and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were carried out. The network diagram of ' component-target-pathway-pharmacological effect-efficacy ' was constructed by network pharmacology method, and the disease prediction was carried out. The quality markers of R. molle were screened and quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS In this study, the fingerprints of 11 batches of Rhododendron molle were established, and total of 10 common peaks were calibrated. Four differential components were obtained after analysis. It was predicted that rhodojaponin-Ⅲ, rhodojaponin-Ⅱ, hyperoside and quercitrin were candidate components of quality markers of R. molle and network pharmacology analysis was performed. It involved 84 target proteins, including ATK1, TNF, INS, etc., acting on 159 signaling pathways, and had potential therapeutic effects on tumors, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. The results of component content determination showed that the flowering of Rhododendron molle might have better curative effect, and the S10 origin was the best. CONCLUSION The quality markers of R. molle are predicted by chemical pattern recognition, fingerprint and network pharmacology. It is proved that R. molle could treat diseases through multiple targets and multiple pathways, which provides a reference for improving the establishment of quality control standards of R. molle and further exploring the mechanism of disease treatment.

, correspAuthors=Xiaorong LIU, Ribao ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wenya MEI, Junbao YU, Ting DENG, Xiangdan LIU, Qiaozhen TONG, Zhihui WANG, Xiaorong LIU, Ribao ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1196884841204597635, articleId=1196884540984705672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于化学模式识别和网络药理学的羊踯躅质量标志物预测分析, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 基于高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)和网络药理学筛选羊踯躅质量标志物(quality markers, Q-marker),比较羊踯躅不同部位、不同花期、不同产地Q-marker含量,挖掘羊踯躅潜在药用价值并推测其可能的作用机制。方法 采用HPLC-ELSD建立羊踯躅指纹图谱,进行聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA)、主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA),利用网络药理学方法构建“成分-靶点-通路-药理作用-功效”网络图,并进行疾病预测,筛选羊踯躅的Q-marker并进行定量分析。结果 本研究建立了11批羊踯躅药材的指纹图谱,共标定10个共有峰,经分析得到4个差异性成分,预测闹羊花毒素-Ⅲ、闹羊花毒素-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷为羊踯躅的Q-marker候选成分并进行网络药理学分析,涉及84个靶点蛋白,包括ATK1、TNF、INS等,作用于159条信号通路,对肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、心血管疾病等存在潜在治疗作用。成分含量测定结果显示羊踯躅以盛开期花入药可能具有更好的疗效,并以S10产地最优。。结论 通过化学模式识别、指纹图谱及网络药理学预测了羊踯躅的Q-marker,证明羊踯躅可通过多靶点、多途径治疗疾病,为完善建立羊踯躅质量控制标准及其对疾病治疗机制的进一步探索提供参考。

, correspAuthors=刘笑蓉, 周日宝, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 周日宝,男,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药资源与品质评价 Tel:(0731)88458233;
刘笑蓉,女,硕士,副教授 研究方向:中药资源与药效物质分析 Tel:(0731)88458233
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梅文亚,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源与品质评价

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梅文亚,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源与品质评价

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2 Key Research Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Genuine Regional Medicinal Materials Produced in Hunan Province, Changsha 410208, China
3 Key Laboratory of Modern Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410208, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1197123687926248028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, authorId=1197123687779447383, language=CN, stringName=刘湘丹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 湖南中医药大学药学院, 长沙 410208
2 湘产大宗道地药材种质资源及规范化种植重点研究室, 长沙 410208
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2 Key Research Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Genuine Regional Medicinal Materials Produced in Hunan Province, Changsha 410208, China
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The fingerprint common mode (A), mixed reference substance (B), HPLC overlay map of 11 batches of Rhododendron molle(C)

4-RJ-III; 5-hyperin; 7-quercitrin; 8-RJ-II; other peaks-unknown.

, figureFileSmall=M31HvPJfXtKpcKIw7Dbd5g==, figureFileBig=iEaxxeN4z1UYEV2MnkEz6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123690715460226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图1, caption=羊踯躅指纹图谱共有模式(A)、混合对照品(B)、11批羊踯躅药材高效液相色谱(HPLC)叠加图谱(C)

4-RJ-III;5-金丝桃苷;7-槲皮苷;8-RJ-II;其他为未知峰。

, figureFileSmall=M31HvPJfXtKpcKIw7Dbd5g==, figureFileBig=iEaxxeN4z1UYEV2MnkEz6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123690900009603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Cluster analysis tree diagram of 11 batches of Rhododendron molle G.Don samples, figureFileSmall=LN1sSfmrsMMCVQohSiy0uA==, figureFileBig=onfSOxoxgYMKTXsTF4DVJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123690962924164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图2, caption=11批羊踯躅样品聚类分析树状图, figureFileSmall=LN1sSfmrsMMCVQohSiy0uA==, figureFileBig=onfSOxoxgYMKTXsTF4DVJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691034227333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=PCA score plot of 11 batches of Rhododendron molle G.Don samples, figureFileSmall=7JD6wehNJ8xGCsJ0MXmHTA==, figureFileBig=FDI4I3HcQ2iXqpNYp+Mj2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691101336198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图3, caption=11批羊踯躅样品主成分分析(PCA)得分图, figureFileSmall=7JD6wehNJ8xGCsJ0MXmHTA==, figureFileBig=FDI4I3HcQ2iXqpNYp+Mj2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691185222279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=OPLS-DA score plot (A), VIP plot (B) and permutation test plot (C) of 11 batches of Rhododendron molle G.Don.. n=6,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=J94GL8tWZT7Iik2KQT3sqg==, figureFileBig=IhEDJiYsb6dc/jKYMVA7hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691243942536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图4, caption=11批羊踯躅样品正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)得分图(A)、变量重要性投影(VIP)图(B)和置换检验图(C)。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=J94GL8tWZT7Iik2KQT3sqg==, figureFileBig=IhEDJiYsb6dc/jKYMVA7hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691315245705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=PPI network of Rhododendron molle G.Don-related protein targets, figureFileSmall=rmNNcdLC1XsSeasB5uFEGw==, figureFileBig=T2lDSGee/7I1BTTBQZb+aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691394937482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图5, caption=羊踯躅相关蛋白靶蛋白质相互作用网络(PPI)网络, figureFileSmall=rmNNcdLC1XsSeasB5uFEGw==, figureFileBig=T2lDSGee/7I1BTTBQZb+aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691466240651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=GO enrichment analysis of Rhododendron molle G.Don-related protein targets, figureFileSmall=pU9RknQPeZwCdbzLfMX1zw==, figureFileBig=zlN3ixdwyh9SmW3nswtkgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691524960908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图6, caption=羊踯躅相关蛋白靶点基因本体(GO)富集分析, figureFileSmall=pU9RknQPeZwCdbzLfMX1zw==, figureFileBig=zlN3ixdwyh9SmW3nswtkgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691579486861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=KEGG pathway analysis of Rhododendron molle G.Don-related protein targets, figureFileSmall=qfnhsgl9UllVeTekYpqIpw==, figureFileBig=y06zbwg3kv9BbtLlaWfvEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691650790030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图7, caption=羊踯躅相关蛋白靶点京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析, figureFileSmall=qfnhsgl9UllVeTekYpqIpw==, figureFileBig=y06zbwg3kv9BbtLlaWfvEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691705315983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The“component-target-pathway”network plot of Rhododendron molle G.Don, figureFileSmall=uYf+B0sLmV/1ojHA3d7RSA==, figureFileBig=KjYn1kOYHTBLpljgXn3ziQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691831145104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图8, caption=羊踯躅“成分-靶点-通路”网络关系图, figureFileSmall=uYf+B0sLmV/1ojHA3d7RSA==, figureFileBig=KjYn1kOYHTBLpljgXn3ziQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691902448273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The“pathway-pharmacological effects-efficacy”network diagram of Rhododendron molle G.Don, figureFileSmall=5HnruNzB9hyJj6bTv9zuTw==, figureFileBig=G9ud5FFh8SuWhoaXUzCYOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123691965362834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图9, caption=羊踯躅“通路-药理作用-功效”网络关系图, figureFileSmall=5HnruNzB9hyJj6bTv9zuTw==, figureFileBig=G9ud5FFh8SuWhoaXUzCYOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123692028277395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Determination of Q-marker content in Rhododendron molle G.Don at different flowering stages, figureFileSmall=ggARDsJG0sN03gPQw7gpHg==, figureFileBig=9EkB67IGpcvBIS32AHjxOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123692086997652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同花期羊踯躅Q-marker含量测定, figureFileSmall=ggARDsJG0sN03gPQw7gpHg==, figureFileBig=9EkB67IGpcvBIS32AHjxOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123692145717909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Content of Q-marker in Rhododendron molle G.Don from different habitats, figureFileSmall=WZuy507VlgtjPqvqM1rt5g==, figureFileBig=+MOGpoI7SSpCtGTZzBub6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123692225409686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同产地羊踯躅Q-marker的含量, figureFileSmall=WZuy507VlgtjPqvqM1rt5g==, figureFileBig=+MOGpoI7SSpCtGTZzBub6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197123692309295767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Rhododendron molle G.Don sample information table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Origin
(in Chinese)
Harvest site
/period
Specimen Harvest
time
No. Origin
(in Chinese)
Harvest site
/period
Specimen Harvest
time
S1 Huangshan,Anhui(安徽黄山) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S12 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Root Fresh product 2023.4
S2 Guilin,Guangxi(广西桂林) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S13 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Steam Fresh product 2023.4
S3 Enshi,Hubei(湖北恩施) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S14 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Leaf Fresh product 2023.4
S4 Xiangtan,Hunan(湖南湘潭) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S15 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Flower Fresh product 2023.4
S5 Nanchang,Jiangxi(江西南昌) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S16 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Bud period Fresh product 2023.4
S6 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S17 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Initial period Fresh product 2023.4
S7 Ji'an,Jiangxi(江西吉安) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S18 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Half-open period Fresh product 2023.4
S8 Huanggang,Hubei(湖北黄冈) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S19 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Blooming period Fresh product 2023.4
S9 Yongzhou,Hunan(湖南永州) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S20 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Wilting period Fresh product 2023.4
S10 Jingzhou,Hubei(湖北荆州) Flower Dry product 2023.3
S11 Xupu,Hunan(湖南溆浦) Flower Dry product 2023.3
), ArticleFig(id=1197123692372210328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

羊踯躅药材样品信息表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Origin
(in Chinese)
Harvest site
/period
Specimen Harvest
time
No. Origin
(in Chinese)
Harvest site
/period
Specimen Harvest
time
S1 Huangshan,Anhui(安徽黄山) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S12 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Root Fresh product 2023.4
S2 Guilin,Guangxi(广西桂林) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S13 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Steam Fresh product 2023.4
S3 Enshi,Hubei(湖北恩施) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S14 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Leaf Fresh product 2023.4
S4 Xiangtan,Hunan(湖南湘潭) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S15 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Flower Fresh product 2023.4
S5 Nanchang,Jiangxi(江西南昌) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S16 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Bud period Fresh product 2023.4
S6 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S17 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Initial period Fresh product 2023.4
S7 Ji'an,Jiangxi(江西吉安) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S18 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Half-open period Fresh product 2023.4
S8 Huanggang,Hubei(湖北黄冈) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S19 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Blooming period Fresh product 2023.4
S9 Yongzhou,Hunan(湖南永州) Flower Dry product 2023.3 S20 Luanchuan,Henan(河南栾川) Wilting period Fresh product 2023.4
S10 Jingzhou,Hubei(湖北荆州) Flower Dry product 2023.3
S11 Xupu,Hunan(湖南溆浦) Flower Dry product 2023.3
), ArticleFig(id=1197123692451902105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Principal component score, comprehensive score and ranking of Rhododendron molle G.Don

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Principal component 1 Principal component 2 Principal component 3 Principal component 4 Comprehensive score Ranking
S10 3.304 -0.350 1.127 0.842 1.536 1
S11 1.563 -0.098 5.269 0.230 1.424 2
S7 1.144 1.110 1.246 1.707 1.226 3
S8 0.656 1.580 2.851 0.323 1.212 4
S9 0.802 0.940 0.928 1.413 0.946 5
S5 1.080 0.029 2.059 0.699 0.854 6
S1 2.653 2.653 1.063 -4.614 0.719 7
S4 1.068 -0.496 1.526 0.550 0.592 8
S3 0.411 0.466 1.168 0.222 0.513 9
S2 0.773 -0.411 1.254 0.113 0.395 10
S6 0.405 0.164 0.176 0.148 0.263 11
), ArticleFig(id=1197123692514816666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

羊踯躅主成分得分、综合得分与排序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Principal component 1 Principal component 2 Principal component 3 Principal component 4 Comprehensive score Ranking
S10 3.304 -0.350 1.127 0.842 1.536 1
S11 1.563 -0.098 5.269 0.230 1.424 2
S7 1.144 1.110 1.246 1.707 1.226 3
S8 0.656 1.580 2.851 0.323 1.212 4
S9 0.802 0.940 0.928 1.413 0.946 5
S5 1.080 0.029 2.059 0.699 0.854 6
S1 2.653 2.653 1.063 -4.614 0.719 7
S4 1.068 -0.496 1.526 0.550 0.592 8
S3 0.411 0.466 1.168 0.222 0.513 9
S2 0.773 -0.411 1.254 0.113 0.395 10
S6 0.405 0.164 0.176 0.148 0.263 11
), ArticleFig(id=1197123692590314139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Regression equation, correlation coefficient and linear range of four compounds in Rhododendron mole G.Don

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component Regression equation r2 Range of linearity/mg·mL-1
RJ-Ⅲ y=1.792x+1.680 0.999 3 2.963-11.000
RJ-Ⅱ y=1.471x+1.746 0.999 2 4.882-10.000
Hyperin y=2.882x+0.764 0.999 8 4.882-10.000
Quercitrin y=1.364x+1.761 0.999 5 2.634-13.333
), ArticleFig(id=1197123692657423004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

羊踯躅中4种化合物的回归方程、相关系数及线性范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component Regression equation r2 Range of linearity/mg·mL-1
RJ-Ⅲ y=1.792x+1.680 0.999 3 2.963-11.000
RJ-Ⅱ y=1.471x+1.746 0.999 2 4.882-10.000
Hyperin y=2.882x+0.764 0.999 8 4.882-10.000
Quercitrin y=1.364x+1.761 0.999 5 2.634-13.333
), ArticleFig(id=1197123693739553437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The results of recovery test of Rhododendron mole G.Don. n=6

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component m(Known)/mg m(Added)/mg m(Measured)/mg Recovery rate/% Average recoveries/% RSD/%
RJ-Ⅲ 0.221 5 0.220 0 0.427 5 96.85 96.28 0.601 0
0.220 9 0.220 0 0.419 6 95.19
0.221 1 0.220 0 0.426 2 96.62
0.221 6 0.220 0 0.425 9 96.45
0.221 6 0.220 0 0.424 9 96.24
0.222 2 0.220 0 0.426 1 96.36
RJ-Ⅱ 0.315 9 0.320 0 0.639 6 100.6 100.6 1.297
0.329 8 0.320 0 0.644 1 99.12
0.320 2 0.320 0 0.651 1 101.7
0.320 4 0.320 0 0.634 4 99.06
0.319 9 0.320 0 0.654 3 102.3
0.319 0 0.320 0 0.643 9 100.8
Hyperin 0.355 0 0.350 0 0.686 5 97.37 98.65 1.489
0.352 8 0.350 0 0.705 2 100.3
0.354 7 0.350 0 0.702 8 99.73
0.355 0 0.350 0 0.684 0 97.02
0.353 2 0.350 0 0.701 9 99.82
0.353 2 0.350 0 0.691 2 97.60
Quercitrin 0.258 7 0.260 0 0.537 8 103.7 101.4 1.826
0.259 1 0.260 0 0.517 6 99.72
0.258 9 0.260 0 0.512 6 98.79
0.258 4 0.260 0 0.533 1 102.8
0.258 5 0.260 0 0.525 5 101.4
0.258 8 0.260 0 0.528 1 101.8
), ArticleFig(id=1197123693810856606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

羊踯躅加样回收率试验结果。n=6

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component m(Known)/mg m(Added)/mg m(Measured)/mg Recovery rate/% Average recoveries/% RSD/%
RJ-Ⅲ 0.221 5 0.220 0 0.427 5 96.85 96.28 0.601 0
0.220 9 0.220 0 0.419 6 95.19
0.221 1 0.220 0 0.426 2 96.62
0.221 6 0.220 0 0.425 9 96.45
0.221 6 0.220 0 0.424 9 96.24
0.222 2 0.220 0 0.426 1 96.36
RJ-Ⅱ 0.315 9 0.320 0 0.639 6 100.6 100.6 1.297
0.329 8 0.320 0 0.644 1 99.12
0.320 2 0.320 0 0.651 1 101.7
0.320 4 0.320 0 0.634 4 99.06
0.319 9 0.320 0 0.654 3 102.3
0.319 0 0.320 0 0.643 9 100.8
Hyperin 0.355 0 0.350 0 0.686 5 97.37 98.65 1.489
0.352 8 0.350 0 0.705 2 100.3
0.354 7 0.350 0 0.702 8 99.73
0.355 0 0.350 0 0.684 0 97.02
0.353 2 0.350 0 0.701 9 99.82
0.353 2 0.350 0 0.691 2 97.60
Quercitrin 0.258 7 0.260 0 0.537 8 103.7 101.4 1.826
0.259 1 0.260 0 0.517 6 99.72
0.258 9 0.260 0 0.512 6 98.79
0.258 4 0.260 0 0.533 1 102.8
0.258 5 0.260 0 0.525 5 101.4
0.258 8 0.260 0 0.528 1 101.8
), ArticleFig(id=1197123693886354079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Tab5, caption=

Determination of Q-marker content in different parts of Rhododendron molle G.Don

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Site Quality fraction/%
RJ-Ⅲ RJ-Ⅱ Hyperin Quercitrin
S12 Root 0.058 0 - - -
S13 Stem 0.054 3 - - -
S14 Leaf 0.139 0 0.119 8 0.101 1 0.327 7
S15 Flower 0.386 8 0.464 8 0.463 2 0.172 0
), ArticleFig(id=1197123693970240160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

羊踯躅不同部位Q-marker的含量测定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Site Quality fraction/%
RJ-Ⅲ RJ-Ⅱ Hyperin Quercitrin
S12 Root 0.058 0 - - -
S13 Stem 0.054 3 - - -
S14 Leaf 0.139 0 0.119 8 0.101 1 0.327 7
S15 Flower 0.386 8 0.464 8 0.463 2 0.172 0
), ArticleFig(id=1197123694041543329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Content determination of Q-marker in Rhododendron molle G.Don from different habitats. n=3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Quality fraction/%
RJ-Ⅲ RJ-Ⅱ Hyperin Quercitrin Diterpenes Flavonoids Summation
S1 0.083 1 0.124 8 0.113 3 0.186 3 0.207 9 0.299 6 0.507 5
S2 0.082 0 0.114 7 0.112 2 0.095 3 0.196 7 0.207 4 0.4 04 1
S3 0.089 6 0.113 7 0.097 9 0.085 1 0.203 3 0.183 0 0.386 4
S4 0.087 4 0.120 1 0.122 0 0.089 5 0.207 5 0.211 5 0.419 0
S5 0.096 1 0.137 0 0.124 4 0.093 5 0.233 1 0.227 9 0.461 0
S6 0.058 9 0.071 6 0.108 4 0.094 6 0.130 5 0.203 0 0.333 5
S7 0.086 8 0.111 9 0.146 3 0.097 0 0.198 7 0.243 2 0.441 9
S8 0.084 2 0.148 3 0.114 7 0.110 6 0.232 6 0.225 3 0.457 9
S9 0.083 5 0.123 4 0.135 1 0.104 9 0.206 9 0.240 0 0.446 9
S10 0.136 3 0.112 4 0.179 6 0.095 6 0.248 8 0.275 3 0.524 0
S11 0.110 2 0.160 3 0.110 3 0.079 6 0.270 5 0.189 9 0.460 4
), ArticleFig(id=1197123694112846498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1196884540984705672, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同产地羊踯躅Q-marker的含量测定。n=3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Quality fraction/%
RJ-Ⅲ RJ-Ⅱ Hyperin Quercitrin Diterpenes Flavonoids Summation
S1 0.083 1 0.124 8 0.113 3 0.186 3 0.207 9 0.299 6 0.507 5
S2 0.082 0 0.114 7 0.112 2 0.095 3 0.196 7 0.207 4 0.4 04 1
S3 0.089 6 0.113 7 0.097 9 0.085 1 0.203 3 0.183 0 0.386 4
S4 0.087 4 0.120 1 0.122 0 0.089 5 0.207 5 0.211 5 0.419 0
S5 0.096 1 0.137 0 0.124 4 0.093 5 0.233 1 0.227 9 0.461 0
S6 0.058 9 0.071 6 0.108 4 0.094 6 0.130 5 0.203 0 0.333 5
S7 0.086 8 0.111 9 0.146 3 0.097 0 0.198 7 0.243 2 0.441 9
S8 0.084 2 0.148 3 0.114 7 0.110 6 0.232 6 0.225 3 0.457 9
S9 0.083 5 0.123 4 0.135 1 0.104 9 0.206 9 0.240 0 0.446 9
S10 0.136 3 0.112 4 0.179 6 0.095 6 0.248 8 0.275 3 0.524 0
S11 0.110 2 0.160 3 0.110 3 0.079 6 0.270 5 0.189 9 0.460 4
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基于化学模式识别和网络药理学的羊踯躅质量标志物预测分析
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梅文亚 1 , 于俊保 1 , 邓婷 1 , 刘湘丹 1, 2, 3 , 童巧珍 1, 2, 3 , 王志辉 1, 2 , 刘笑蓉 1, 2, * , 周日宝 1, 2, 3, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(21): 2030-2041
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(21): 2030-2041
基于化学模式识别和网络药理学的羊踯躅质量标志物预测分析
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梅文亚1, 于俊保1, 邓婷1, 刘湘丹1, 2, 3, 童巧珍1, 2, 3, 王志辉1, 2, 刘笑蓉1, 2, *, 周日宝1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 湖南中医药大学药学院, 长沙 410208
  • 2 湘产大宗道地药材种质资源及规范化种植重点研究室, 长沙 410208
  • 3 湖南省普通高等学校中药现代化研究重点实验室, 长沙 410208
  • 梅文亚,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源与品质评价

通讯作者:

* 周日宝,男,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药资源与品质评价 Tel:(0731)88458233;
刘笑蓉,女,硕士,副教授 研究方向:中药资源与药效物质分析 Tel:(0731)88458233
Prediction Analysis of Quality Markers of Rhododendron molle G. Don Based on Chemical Pattern Recognition and Network Pharmacology
Wenya MEI1, Junbao YU1, Ting DENG1, Xiangdan LIU1, 2, 3, Qiaozhen TONG1, 2, 3, Zhihui WANG1, 2, Xiaorong LIU1, 2, *, Ribao ZHOU1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
  • 2 Key Research Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Genuine Regional Medicinal Materials Produced in Hunan Province, Changsha 410208, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Modern Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410208, China
出版时间: 2024-11-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.006
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目的 基于高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)和网络药理学筛选羊踯躅质量标志物(quality markers, Q-marker),比较羊踯躅不同部位、不同花期、不同产地Q-marker含量,挖掘羊踯躅潜在药用价值并推测其可能的作用机制。方法 采用HPLC-ELSD建立羊踯躅指纹图谱,进行聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA)、主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA),利用网络药理学方法构建“成分-靶点-通路-药理作用-功效”网络图,并进行疾病预测,筛选羊踯躅的Q-marker并进行定量分析。结果 本研究建立了11批羊踯躅药材的指纹图谱,共标定10个共有峰,经分析得到4个差异性成分,预测闹羊花毒素-Ⅲ、闹羊花毒素-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷为羊踯躅的Q-marker候选成分并进行网络药理学分析,涉及84个靶点蛋白,包括ATK1、TNF、INS等,作用于159条信号通路,对肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、心血管疾病等存在潜在治疗作用。成分含量测定结果显示羊踯躅以盛开期花入药可能具有更好的疗效,并以S10产地最优。。结论 通过化学模式识别、指纹图谱及网络药理学预测了羊踯躅的Q-marker,证明羊踯躅可通过多靶点、多途径治疗疾病,为完善建立羊踯躅质量控制标准及其对疾病治疗机制的进一步探索提供参考。

羊踯躅  /  指纹图谱  /  质量标志物  /  化学模式识别  /  网络药理学

OBJECTIVE To screen the quality markers (Q-marker) of Rhododendron molle based on HPLC-ELSD and network pharmacology, compare the contents of quality markers in different parts, different flowering periods and different producing areas of R. molle, and explore the potential medicinal value of R.molle and speculate its possible mechanism of action. METHODS HPLC-ELSD was used to establish the fingerprint of R. molle, and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were carried out. The network diagram of ' component-target-pathway-pharmacological effect-efficacy ' was constructed by network pharmacology method, and the disease prediction was carried out. The quality markers of R. molle were screened and quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS In this study, the fingerprints of 11 batches of Rhododendron molle were established, and total of 10 common peaks were calibrated. Four differential components were obtained after analysis. It was predicted that rhodojaponin-Ⅲ, rhodojaponin-Ⅱ, hyperoside and quercitrin were candidate components of quality markers of R. molle and network pharmacology analysis was performed. It involved 84 target proteins, including ATK1, TNF, INS, etc., acting on 159 signaling pathways, and had potential therapeutic effects on tumors, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. The results of component content determination showed that the flowering of Rhododendron molle might have better curative effect, and the S10 origin was the best. CONCLUSION The quality markers of R. molle are predicted by chemical pattern recognition, fingerprint and network pharmacology. It is proved that R. molle could treat diseases through multiple targets and multiple pathways, which provides a reference for improving the establishment of quality control standards of R. molle and further exploring the mechanism of disease treatment.

Rhododendron molle G.Don  /  finger print  /  quality marker  /  chemical pattern recognition method  /  network pharmacology
梅文亚, 于俊保, 邓婷, 刘湘丹, 童巧珍, 王志辉, 刘笑蓉, 周日宝. 基于化学模式识别和网络药理学的羊踯躅质量标志物预测分析. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (21) : 2030 -2041 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.006
Wenya MEI, Junbao YU, Ting DENG, Xiangdan LIU, Qiaozhen TONG, Zhihui WANG, Xiaorong LIU, Ribao ZHOU. Prediction Analysis of Quality Markers of Rhododendron molle G. Don Based on Chemical Pattern Recognition and Network Pharmacology[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (21) : 2030 -2041 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.006
羊踯躅,又称闹羊花,为杜鹃花科植物羊踯躅(Rhododendron molle G.Don)的干燥花,性辛、温,有大毒[1],有散瘀定痛、祛风除湿之效。首载于《神农本草经》:“羊踯躅,主贼风在皮肤中,淫痛,温疟,恶毒,诸痹。生川谷”[2]。羊踯躅作为我国一种传统中药,药用历史悠久,民间常用其根、叶、花治疗类风湿性关节炎,临床上可用于跌扑肿痛、偏正头疼、风湿痹痛等症[1-3],收录于《中国药典》2020年版[4]
羊踯躅来源广泛,分布于安徽、江西、湖南等地。药材的生态环境适应性、产地初加工以及不同采收期等均会导致羊踯躅质量良莠不齐,给其质量控制带来很大的困难,并影响临床应用的安全性和有效性。现代研究表明,羊踯躅根、茎、叶、花均可入药[5],具有抗炎、镇痛、免疫调节等药理作用[6-7]。质量标志物(quality markers, Q-marker)是刘昌孝院士于2016年提出的新概念,有利于更好地控制中药材质量,通过网络药理学挖掘的大量数据及拓扑网络分析,预测中药材中有效化学成分及其作用靶点或机制途径,并与化学模式识别结合分析,更准确地预测中药材Q-marker,更全面地评价中药材的质量[8]。《中国药典》并无其具体的含量测定方法,关于羊踯躅差异性成分及其产生功效的作用机制的研究报道较少,笔者尚未见羊踯躅指纹图谱及其Q-marker相关报道,其基础研究较为薄弱[9]。因此需要建立合理可行的研究方法对羊踯躅Q-marker进行分析与比较,为提高羊踯躅质量控制标准提供一定参考依据。
基于此,本研究采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector, HPLC-ELSD)对不同产地羊踯躅样品进行分析比较,建立羊踯躅指纹图谱,结合化学模式识别进行分析比较,寻找羊踯躅的差异性成分,并从网络药理学的角度阐述其作为质量标志物的可行性及羊踯躅多成分、多靶点、多途径发挥药理功效的作用机制,在此基础上进一步对不同采收部位、不同花期、不同产地羊踯躅进行多成分含量测定。通过以上研究,以期为羊踯躅的质量控制标准提供分析方法和实验基础,并对羊踯躅药用资源的开发及机制研究提供参考。
Agilent 1200LC高效液相色谱仪(美国Agilent科技有限公司),Alltech ELSD3300检测器(埃文森科技有限公司);ATY124R电子天平(岛津企业管理中国有限公司);500A多功能粉碎机(永康市松青五金厂);RE 2000A旋转蒸发器(上海亚荣生化仪器厂);XM-800VDE三频超声波清洗机(小美超声仪器有限公司);Sorvall ST 8R高速冷冻离心机(赛默飞世尔科技中国有限公司)。
闹羊花毒素-Ⅲ(Rhodojaponin-Ⅲ,RJ-Ⅲ)(批号:B20895)、闹羊花毒素-Ⅱ(Rhodojaponin-Ⅱ,RJ-Ⅱ)(批号:B20894),购于上海源叶生物科技有限公司;槲皮苷(批号:MW9V-PF9F)、金丝桃苷(批号:18R5-YJ4C),购于中国食品药品检定研究院,以上对照品纯度均≥98%;甲醇、无水乙醇(分析纯);甲醇(色谱纯)。
不同产地(S1~S11)、不同采收部位(S12~S15)、不同花期(S16~S20)羊踯躅药材,共20批,药材收集信息见表1,所有样品经湖南中医药大学周日宝教授鉴定为杜鹃花科杜鹃属植物羊踯躅(Rhododendron molle G.Don)。
PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/); SWISS数据库(http://www.swisstarg-etprediction.ch/); PharmMapper数据库(http://www.lilabecust.cn/pharmmapper/); UniProt数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/); STRING数据库(https://www.stringdb.org/); Metascape数据库(https://metascape.org/gp/index.html); Sanger Box数据分析平台(http://sangerbox.com/login.html); 微生信网站(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/); CTD数据库(http://ctdbase.org/) Cytoscape 3.7.1软件。
取RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、槲皮苷、金丝桃苷对照品适量,精密称定,加体积分数50%甲醇制成质量浓度为2.00 mg·mL-1的对照品溶液,取单个对照品溶液各0.25 mL于2 mL量瓶中,加体积分数50%甲醇摇匀定容,配制成质量浓度为0.25 mg·mL-1的混合对照品溶液,密封,低温避光保存备用。
称取羊踯躅样品粉末(过80目筛)15 g,置于200 mL具塞锥形瓶中,加入体积分数75%乙醇120 mL,称定质量,超声提取(频率80 KHz)2 h,提取3次,冷却至室温,再称定质量,用体积分数75%乙醇补足失重,合并滤液,旋转蒸发回收溶剂,得浸膏,加入体积分数50%甲醇超声溶解浸膏,全部转移至25 mL量瓶中定容,摇匀,静置24 h,取上清液于离心管中,12 000 r·min-1离心2 min,取上清液,过0.22 μm微孔滤膜2次,取续滤液,即得。
Agilent C18色谱柱(ZORBAX SB-C18,4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相甲醇(A)-水(B),洗脱梯度(0~30 min,15%→35%A;30~50 min,35%→40%A;50~55 min,40%→50%A;55~60 min,55%→65%A;60~61 min,65%→15%A;61~65 min,15%A)。柱温30 ℃,进样量10 μL。蒸发光散射检测器参数设置为漂移管温度85 ℃,增益2,气流2.5 L·min-1
本实验定位羊踯躅潜在Q-marker的原则如下:基于HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱结合化学模式识别筛选羊踯躅中的差异性成分;查阅文献,基于药效作用选取羊踯躅中主要活性物质[10-11]及入血成分[9]
PubChem数据库获得羊踯躅潜在Q-marker的2D结构、SMILES号,利用SWISS Target Prediction和Pharm Mapper预测平台获得主要靶点,Uniprot数据库查询靶点对应的基因,除去重复基因和非人类基因,将筛选后的靶点导入STRING数据库获得蛋白互作tsv信息文件,将文件导入Cytoscape软件绘制蛋白质相互作用网络(PPI)蛋白互作网络图。
利用Metascape数据库对靶点进行生物信息学分析和通路分析,设置物种为(Homo sapiens),所得数据顺序按P值大小重新排列,将得到的靶点蛋白与通路进行可视化分析。
建立“化合物-靶点-通路”“通路-药理作用-功效”的对应关系,导入Cytoscape 3.7.1软件,构建羊踯躅“化合物-靶点-通路-药理作用-功效”网络药理图。
将KEGG富集分析的前15条通路输入CTD数据库进行羊踯躅治疗疾病的预测分析。
取样品粉末(S9)适量,按“2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件连续进样6次,以4号峰 (RJ-Ⅲ)为参照峰,计算10个共有峰相对保留时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)均<1.7%,相对峰面积RSD均<2.4%,表明仪器精密度良好。
取同一供试品溶液(S9),分别于样品制备后0、2、4、8、12、24 h后按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样,以4号峰(RJ-Ⅲ)为参照峰,计算10个共有峰相对保留时间的RSD均<2.6%,相对峰面积RSD均<2.7%,表明供试品溶液在24 h内稳定性良好。
取同一样品粉末(S9) 6份,按“2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样,以4号峰(RJ-Ⅲ)为参照峰,计算10个共有峰相对保留时间的RSD均<2.7%,相对峰面积RSD均<2.5%,表明该方法重复性良好。
取不同产地羊踯躅药材样品S1~S11,按“2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样,记录11批样品的色谱图,将色谱数据导入《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2004 A) 进行处理分析,以S1图谱为参照图谱,时间窗为0.2 min,采用中位数法,进行全谱峰匹配,生成对照指纹图谱(R),选取分离度较好且保留时间适中的RJ-Ⅲ(峰4)为参照峰,最终确定了10个共有峰。通过与标准品进行对比,指认了4个共有峰,分别为RJ-Ⅲ(峰4)、金丝桃苷(峰5)、槲皮苷(峰7)、RJ-Ⅱ (峰8),建立羊踯躅药材指纹图谱、混合对照品、指纹图谱共有模式,见图1。结果显示,11批不同产地羊踯躅图谱与对照图谱之间的相似度为0.784、0.982、0.953、0.980、0.992、0.915、0.979、0.858、0.988、0.203、0.743。其中S1、S10、S11号样品相似度较低(<0.800),11批羊踯躅各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD均小于2.55%,相对峰面积RSD为63.92%~179.76%,表明S1、S10、S11样品与各批次间这10个共有峰所代表的化合物含量存在较大差异,说明不同产地羊踯躅质量存在一定差异。
为研究不同产地羊踯躅指纹图谱共有峰差异,以不同产地羊踯躅共有峰峰面积为变量,运用SPSS 25数据统计软件进行无监督模式的识别分析,结合组间聚类方法,以欧式平方距离方法测量样品间的距离,进行系统聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA),以特定的特征值及累积贡献率为判定依据,对11批羊踯躅样品进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA),将不同产地羊踯躅样品共有峰峰面积导入SIMCA 14.1多元变量统计软件,得到正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)得分图和变量重要性投影(VIP)图。
以11批羊踯躅样品10个共有峰峰面积为变量,运用SPSS 25软件对样品进行聚类分析,见图2。结果表明,当欧式距离为10时,11份羊踯躅样品分为4类,S2、S3、S4、S5、S6、S7、S8、S9聚为一类, S1单独聚为第二类,S10单独聚为第三类,S11单独聚为第四类。从总体数据来看,不同产地羊踯躅质量具有一定差异,安徽、湖北、湖南可能由于生长环境、产地初加工方法等原因导致与其他产地羊踯躅存在明显差异。
以11批羊踯躅样品10个共有峰峰面积为变量,运用SPSS 25软件对样品进行主成分分析。基于特征值>1进行信息提取,结果显示11批羊踯躅样本有4个主成分,其特征值分别为λ1=3.769、λ2=2.762、λ3=1.353、λ4=1.278,贡献率分别为37.687%、27.621%、13.527%、12.777%,累积贡献率可达到91.613%,筛选出的4个主成分具有较好的代表性,可反映出不同产地闹羊花的综合质量。11批羊踯躅样品的PCA得分散点图见图3,与聚类分析结果基本一致,从图中可看出,S1、S10、S11与其他批次样品相比差异较大,其原因可能是采收时羊踯躅处于不同的花期,且产地初加工方式有所不同,而其余产地差异较小,说明不同产地羊踯躅仍具有一定相似性。根据成分得分系数矩阵将主成分表示为各个峰面积的线性关系Z1Z2Z3Z4以及综合得分线性表达式(Z),以成分矩阵中每个变量对应的系数除以相应主成分特征值的开根值为权重系数,对不同产地羊踯躅主成分得分、综合得分(公式1)进行分析,并对得分结果进行排序,结果见表2
Z=0.411Z1+0.301Z2+0.148Z3+0.139Z4
得分情况反映各批羊踯躅样本质量情况,得分越高,则质量越好。本研究中,湖北荆州样品得分最高,质量较好。
将不同产地羊踯躅样品中共有峰峰面积导入SIMCA多元变量统计软件,得到OPLS-DA得分图和VIP图。分析显示自变量拟合指数(R2X)为0.913,因变量拟合指数(R2Y)为0.902,模型预测指数(Q2)为0.545,对不同产地羊踯躅样品的预测率为54.5%,模型中R2XR2YQ2均大于0.5,说明成功构建拟合度和预测能力较好的数学模型,结果见图4A。分析结果表明,采用OPLS-DA来观察不同产地羊踯躅样品的自然聚类,11份羊踯躅样品聚为4类,与HCA结果基本一致。为明确不同产地羊踯躅样品质量差异物质,本研究结合变量重要性投影法,以VIP值大于1为标准,筛选出贡献较大的6个变量,VIP值大于1说明该变量为组间样本的主要差异变量,VIP值越大则该成分对组间差异的贡献越大,见图4B。羊踯躅样品共有峰4、5、7、8号峰根据对照品指认结果,分别对应RJ-Ⅲ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷、RJ-Ⅱ,其VIP值均大于1,说明这些成分在区分不同批次羊踯躅样品时具有重要作用,是羊踯躅的潜在Q-marker。通过200次置换检验,结果见图4C,回归线与纵轴的相交点小于0,说明模型不存在过拟合,模型验证有效。
基于“2.4”项下的筛选原则,结合化学模式识别结果,选取RJ-Ⅱ、RJ-Ⅲ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷为羊踯躅的潜在Q-marker进行网络药理学分析。
利用SWISS Target Prediction服务器、Pharm Mapper数据库进行靶点预测,最终得到4个化合物相关的84个相关靶点蛋白,导入STRING数据库得到靶点PPI tsv文件,利用Cytoscape软件构建PPI网络图,并进行网络拓扑分析,计算度值(degree),设置度值大于2倍中位数且degree≥10为条件进行筛选。结果见图5,处于羊踯躅PPI网络中心的蛋白分别为AKT1(度值=112)、EGFR(度值=97)、TNF(度值=93)、SRC(度值=86)、INS(度值=83)、GSK3β(度值=61),有较多的蛋白互作关系,为重要核心靶点。
利用Metascape数据库对84个靶点蛋白进行GO功能富集分析,得到915个生物过程(biological process)条目,63个细胞组成(cellular component)条目,85个分子功能 (molecular function)条目。
GO富集结果显示这些蛋白主要参与了肽基络氨酸自磷酸化、UV-A反应、星型胶质细胞活化、正向调控超氧阴离子生成等生物过程;在细胞组成上参与了纺锤体中部、胞膜窖、轴突细胞质、血小板α颗粒管腔等过程;在分子功能上参与了胰岛素受体结合、Hsp90蛋白结合、氧气结合、细胞周期蛋白结合等功能,结果见图6
KEGG通路富集得到159条通路,选取P值最小的前15条通路进行可视化分析,见图7,主要涉及癌症通路、内分泌失调通路、癌症中的蛋白聚糖通路、脂质和动脉粥样硬化通路、雌激素信号通路等,由此推测羊踯躅抗肿瘤、抗炎、抑制血管新生等药理作用可能与以上通路有关。
利用Cytoscape软件构建“化合物-靶点-通路”及“通路-药理作用-功效”网络,见图8~9。表明羊踯躅Q-marker作用多靶点、多通路的特点,羊踯躅通过抗炎、免疫调节等药理作用,发挥祛风除湿、散瘀定痛的功效。
将KEGG通路富集得到的前15条通路信息输入CTD数据库对羊踯躅潜在的治疗疾病预测分析,预测结果表示羊踯躅对肿瘤(前列腺肿瘤、乳腺肿瘤、肝癌)、自身免疫性疾病(类风湿关节炎)、心血管疾病(高血压、动脉粥样硬化)、神经病理性疼痛(痛觉过敏)等具有潜在的治疗效果,预测结果与羊踯躅的传统应用(肿瘤、类风湿关节炎、高血压等)及药理作用具有较好的一致性。
为更全面地评价羊踯躅质量,故对11批不同产地、4批不同采收部位、5批不同花期羊踯躅中Q-marker进行定量比较分析。
精密称取RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷对照品适量,加体积分数50%甲醇配制成质量浓度分别为1.100、1.000、1.000、1.333 mg·mL-1的对照品溶液,将RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷对照品溶液稀释1.30、1.69、2.20、2.86、3.71倍,槲皮苷对照品溶液稀释1.50、2.25、3.38、5.06、7.59倍,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样,以峰面积对数为纵坐标,进样质量的对数为横坐标,得各成分的线性回归方程、相关系数、线性范围,结果见表3
取同一供试品溶液(S9),按照“2.3”项下色谱条件连续进样6次,计算样品中RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷峰面积的RSD分别为1.328%、2.320%、0.992%、0.642%,表明仪器精密度良好。
取同一供试品溶液(S9),分别于样品制备后0、2、4、8、12、24 h后按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样,计算样品中RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷峰面积的RSD分别为0.993%、1.486%、1.353%、0.743%,表明供试品溶液在24 h内稳定性良好。
取羊踯躅样品粉末(S9)6份,按“2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.3.1”项下色谱条件依次进样,计算样品中RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷峰面积的RSD分别为0.992%、1.012%、1.123%、0.410%,表明该方法的重复性良好。
取羊踯躅粉末(S9)适量,精密称定,共6份,分别加入等量对照品溶液,按“2.2”项下方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件连续进样,记录峰面积,计算各成分加样回收率及RSD,结果见表4。RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷的平均回收率分别为96.28%、100.6%、98.65%、101.4%,RSD分别为0.60%、1.3%、1.5%、1.8%。
羊踯躅不同采收部位(S12~S15) Q-marker含量见表5 (鲜品含量均扣除水分),羊踯躅不同部位均含有RJ-Ⅲ,且花、叶中RJ-Ⅲ质量分数较高,分别为0.386 8%、0.139 0%;RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷均在花中质量分数较高,分别为0.464 8%、0.463 2%;槲皮苷在叶中质量分数较高,为0.327 7%,在根、茎中均未检出RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷。由此可推测花中二萜类、黄酮类含量高于其他部位,因此选择花入药可能具有更好的药理作用。
羊踯躅不同花期(S16~S20) Q-marker含量见图10(鲜品含量均扣除水分)。结果表明,不同花期羊踯躅Q-marker含量存在差异,RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷均在盛开期含量最高,分别为0.386 8%、0.464 8%、0.463 2%,其次是初开期含量较高;槲皮苷仅在花蕾期具有较高含量,为0.172 0%。从整体含量来看,盛开期总质量分数较高,为1.315 0%。
11批不同产地羊踯躅样品Q-marker含量测定结果见表6图11。湖北荆州羊踯躅样品(S10) RJ-Ⅲ、金丝桃苷质量分数最高,分别为0.136 3%、0.179 6%;湖南溆浦羊踯躅样品(S11) RJ-Ⅱ质量分数最高,为0.160 3%;安徽黄山羊踯躅样品 (S1)槲皮苷质量分数最高,为0.186 3%。其中S10样品中二萜类含量较高,而S1样品中黄酮类含量较高,总体来看,S10产地的质量更优。
中药因多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点,单一指标难以全面反映药材质量。中药指纹图谱广泛应用于中药质量控制、真伪鉴别和谱效关系研究,并能系统地反映出各组分的信息情况[12]。但中药指纹图谱无法反映出不同产地药材的共同差异性标志物,因此需要结合化学模式识别方法进行科学全面的分析,从而筛选Q-marker[13]
本研究通过建立羊踯躅药材HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱,共确定10个共有峰,11批羊踯躅药材相似度在0.203~0.988,说明不同产地羊踯躅质量存在一定差异。HCA、PCA、OPLS-DA结果均表明11批羊踯躅药材分为4类,通过VIP值排序发现RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷均大于1,可作为羊踯躅的潜在Q-marker。此外,峰1、峰10亦可作为区分不同产地羊踯躅药材的差异成分,但由于未做质谱鉴定,无法指认,后续将加强该方面的研究。
羊踯躅作为一种民间常用中药,具有抗炎、镇痛、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等药理作用[14-15],常用于治疗风湿骨病顽疾,其二萜类、黄酮类为主要功能性物质[16]。目前尚未见羊踯躅Q-marker相关研究,一定程度上限制了羊踯躅的质量评价及质量控制。XU等[17]指出“成分可测性”是建立适当的质量评价方法和质量标准的必要条件,本研究基于指纹图谱结合化学识别模式筛选了RJ-Ⅱ、RJ-Ⅲ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷为羊踯躅的差异性成分,结合羊踯躅中化学成分及主要活性成分来看,二萜类及黄酮类化合物是羊踯躅Q-marker的主要选择。Feng等[18]采用HPLC法测定了羊踯躅中RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ的含量;Guo等[19]建立了同时测定不同产地羊踯躅中RJ-Ⅱ、RJ-Ⅲ、槲皮苷及金丝桃苷含量的HPLC方法,所建立的方法稳定可靠。本研究通过网络药理学挖掘,发现以上化合物对自身免疫性疾病、肿瘤等存在潜在的治疗作用,与其传统应用和药理研究结果基本相符,可作为羊踯躅的Q-marker。
网络药理学研究表明羊踯躅活性成分可作用于AKT1、TNF、EGFR等多个靶点及TNF-JNK信号通路、Wnt信号通路、TLR2/4-MAPK等多条信号通路,而这些通路与靶点对机体产生重要调节作用[20-21]。已有研究表明RJ-Ⅲ与RJ-Ⅱ的生物利用度及生物转化远高于其他二萜类物质[9],Liu等[22]证实RJ-Ⅲ通过介导Wnt信号通路抑制RA-FLS细胞的炎症反应,降低促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β的含量,具有较强的抗炎镇痛活性[23]。Kong等[24]研究指出RJ-Ⅱ可调控Akt/NF-κB信号通路,抑制细胞炎症因子的分泌;金丝桃苷、槲皮苷可通过下调NF-κB等信号通路降低TNF-α、IL-1β的含量[25],此外还可靶向AKT1调节Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路防治小鼠肾病[26]或其他相关通路抑制癌症的发展[27]。研究表明,在肿瘤发生过程中EGFR大量表达或产生突变[28],而槲皮苷、金丝桃苷可显著降低EGFR的基因表达,对结肠癌细胞增殖表现出显著的抑制作用[29-30],以上药理研究结果表明,羊踯躅治疗疾病多靶点多通路的特点,为进一步阐明羊踯躅治疗自身免疫性疾病、肿瘤等作用机制提供新思路,也证实了本研究选择RJ-Ⅱ、RJ-Ⅲ、槲皮苷、金丝桃苷为羊踯躅Q-marker的科学性及合理性。
本研究首次建立了羊踯躅指纹图谱,结合网络药理学挖掘,确定RJ-Ⅱ、RJ-Ⅲ、金丝桃苷与槲皮苷为羊踯躅的Q-marker,并探索不同部位、不同花期、不同产地羊踯躅Q-marker含量差异。从含量测定结果表明不同部位羊踯躅Q-marker含量存在一定差异,说明羊踯躅不同部位不可相互替代或混用,RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷总含量在花中含量最高,在茎中含量最低,表明羊踯躅花入药可能具有更好的疗效,此结果与《中国药典》2020年版规定羊踯躅为花入药相符[4],羊踯躅叶Q-marker含量仅次于花,说明其叶具有一定的药用价值。通过比较S6(河南栾川干品)与S15(河南栾川鲜品),发现鲜品中Q-marker含量明显高于干品,提示鲜品可能具有更好的临床疗效,也说明产地初加工方式及仓储方式会影响羊踯躅有效成分含量,为保证羊踯躅药材的质量,需要对羊踯躅药材的加工处理方式及保存进行严格控制,制定相应的质量评价标准。
目前,市场流通中羊踯躅药材花期采收混乱,不利于质量控制,本研究测定羊踯躅不同花期Q-marker含量,结果显示不同花期RJ-Ⅲ含量先降后升再降,盛开期含量最高;不同花期RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷含量呈先升后降,再升再降的趋势,均以盛开期含量最高,花蕾期含量最低;花蕾期槲皮苷含量最高,其余花期槲皮苷含量均低于检测限,无法检出。从Q-marker总含量来看,盛开期总含量最高,半开期含量最低,提示羊踯躅以盛开期采收为宜。羊踯躅因毒性问题导致其开发利用受到桎梏,造成资源浪费。“毒效二重性”是中药的特点,在适量剂量之内为“效”,用之过度则为“毒”。毒性的本质是药效峻猛的一种表现形式,通过炮制、配伍等缓和羊踯躅的过度纠偏和调节,使羊踯躅“毒性”最大药效化。目前已有研究发现羊踯躅与栀子配伍可缓和其毒性[31], 或以蜂蜜、植物油赋形,可降低羊踯躅的毒性[16],利用生物检测等手段对其进行质量评价,完善羊踯躅药材的质量控制标准,推动羊踯躅减毒增效工艺的高质量发展,实现“毒-效”的关系转化。利用大数据网络平台筛选出潜在的减毒成分,并基于传统中医药理论探究配伍不同的减毒成分和炮制方法对羊踯躅毒性成分的影响及减毒增效的药效机制,加强羊踯躅毒性成分基础研究、毒理作用分子机制研究、机体风险因素研究。此外,构建羊踯躅基于易感人群辨识实现辨证用药科学避毒、易感物质质量控制实现安全性质量控制、临床精准用量控制等中药安全性风险“人-药-用”三维警戒体系,保障羊踯躅的临床安全合理应用,为羊踯躅新药开发及药品安全性评价提供一定参考依据。
综上,本研究基于指纹图谱与网络药理学的综合预测分析和差异比较及质量标志物筛选原则,建议将RJ-Ⅲ、RJ-Ⅱ、金丝桃苷、槲皮苷4种活性成分选定为羊踯躅药效物质基础的Q-marker。目前,羊踯躅的基础研究相对较薄弱,质量检测标准较单一,不符合中药材质量控制的基本要求,严重限制了羊踯躅的开发与利用,药理学研究表明羊踯躅治疗疾病的作用机制仍需进行深入研究。后续课题组将研究不同储存年限以及不同炮制方法羊踯躅的指纹图谱以及有效成分含量的动态变化,筛选特征化学成分,区分不同来源的药材。羊踯躅主产于湖南、湖北、广西、安徽等地,故本研究所用样品均采自其主产地,具有足够的代表性,但药材批次较少,后续将增加样品批次,以期建立更为全面的羊踯躅质量评价体系,并在此基础上借助大数据网络挖掘羊踯躅的靶标蛋白与信号通路,紧扣羊踯躅已知的生物学信息,采用分子对接技术构建有效活性成分与分子机制相互作用网络。在中医药理论的指导下,加强对羊踯躅禁忌证、适应证的了解,结合动物模型实验验证,规范剂量-毒性关系,同时寻找有效的减毒增效策略,探索并结合现代科学方法对羊踯躅配伍和炮制方法进行大胆创新,促进羊踯躅资源的开发与利用。
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21)
  • 湖南省中医药管理局重点项目(A2024002)
  • 湖南中医药大学校级科研项目重点项目(2023-27)
  • 湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(23B0385)
  • 湖南中医药大学科研创新项目(2023-102)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ80086)
  • 湖南省卫生健康委计划研究项目(D202302078705)
  • 湖南中医药大学重点学科中药学科项目(校行发规字[2023]2)
  • 2020年湖南省一流本科专业建设点项目(湘教通[2020]248号)
  • 2020年国家级一流本科专业建设点项目(教高厅函[2021]7号)
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2024年第59卷第21期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.21.006
  • 接收时间:2024-05-13
  • 首发时间:2025-11-16
  • 出版时间:2024-11-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-13
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21)
湖南省中医药管理局重点项目(A2024002)
湖南中医药大学校级科研项目重点项目(2023-27)
湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(23B0385)
湖南中医药大学科研创新项目(2023-102)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ80086)
湖南省卫生健康委计划研究项目(D202302078705)
湖南中医药大学重点学科中药学科项目(校行发规字[2023]2)
2020年湖南省一流本科专业建设点项目(湘教通[2020]248号)
2020年国家级一流本科专业建设点项目(教高厅函[2021]7号)
作者信息
    1 湖南中医药大学药学院, 长沙 410208
    2 湘产大宗道地药材种质资源及规范化种植重点研究室, 长沙 410208
    3 湖南省普通高等学校中药现代化研究重点实验室, 长沙 410208

通讯作者:

* 周日宝,男,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药资源与品质评价 Tel:(0731)88458233;
刘笑蓉,女,硕士,副教授 研究方向:中药资源与药效物质分析 Tel:(0731)88458233
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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