Article(id=1195814099775963297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195814096831561845, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)23-2266-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.23.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713369600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763033898538, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1733587200000, pubDateStr=2024-12-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763033898538, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763033898538, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763033898538, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195814096831561845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='23', pageStart='2199', pageEnd='2298', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1763033897836, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763034755097, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195817692507718044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195814096831561845, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195817692507718045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195814096831561845, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2266, endPage=2271, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195814100010844331, articleId=1195814099775963297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Quality Evaluation and Research on Xiaojianzhong Preparations Based on National Drug Sampling, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To provide reference and suggestions for the quality control of this variety, evaluate the quality of xiaojianzhong preparations and preparations analyze the existing problems based on the national drug sampling. METHODS A total of 160 batches of samples were tested according to the statutory standard. In the exploratory study, ochratoxin A and zearalenone residues were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; paeoniflorin sulfite in xiaojianzhong preparation was detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem high resolution mass spectrometry; cinnamaldehyde was determined by high performance liquid chromatography; the overall quality of Xiaojianzhong preparation was evaluated by fingerprint analysis. The pH value of the mixture was investigated. RESULTS The qualified rate of 160 batches of samples was 100% according to statutory standard. Exploratory studies showed that ochratoxin A or zearalenone was detected in 33.1% of the samples, and paeoniflorin sulfite was detected in 83.5% of the samples.The pH value of 9% mixture was beyond the range of benzoic acid inhibitory effect. Cinnamaldehyde in 95.4% of the samples was below the proposed limit. Fingerprint analysis showed that the similarity of 14.6% of samples was lower than the proposed limit. CONCLUSION It is suggested to unify the quality control items of the four dosage forms, increase the pH limit, monitor the quality of the raw materials of licorice and dextrin, standardize the use of cerealose, and strengthen the system specification for the development of ancient classic prescriptions.

, correspAuthors=Qunyue WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Minmin LIU, Jiazhe HU, Jiawen HE, Qiao CHEN, Jiaxin WEN, Hua LI, Qunyue WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195814252587041222, articleId=1195814099775963297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于国家药品抽检的小建中制剂质量评价与研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 基于国家药品抽检工作,系统性评价小建中制剂的质量以及分析存在的问题,为该品种的质量控制提供参考和建议。方法 对抽样的160批次样品进行标准检验,探索性研究采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮残留量;采用超高效液相色谱-串联高分辨质谱法检测小建中制剂中芍药苷亚硫酸酯;建立高效液相色谱法测定桂皮醛含量;建立指纹图谱分析法评价小建中制剂的整体质量;对合剂的pH值进行考察。结果 160批次样品依标检验合格率为100%。探索性研究表明,33.1%样品检出赭曲霉毒素A或玉米赤霉烯酮,83.5%样品检出芍药苷亚硫酸酯,9%合剂pH值超出苯甲酸抑菌效力范围,95.4%样品桂皮醛低于拟定限度,14.6%样品指纹图谱分析相似度低于拟定限度。。结论 建议统一4种剂型质量标准质控项目,增加合剂pH限度, 对小建中制剂中原辅料炙甘草及糊精进行质量监测,规范饴糖使用问题,加强古代经典名方开发的制度规范。

, correspAuthors=吴群悦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 吴群悦,男,硕士 研究方向:药品质量安全研究 Tel:(020)37886133
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刘敏敏,女,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:食品药品质量安全研究

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刘敏敏,女,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:食品药品质量安全研究

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刘敏敏,女,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:食品药品质量安全研究

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pageStart=208, pageEnd=209, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=Ch.P(2020) Vol Ⅰ(中国药典2020年版.一部 ), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ch.P(2020) Vol Ⅰ(中国药典2020年版.一部 )[S]. 2020: 208-209., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079346613011217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=49, issue=2, pageStart=68, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=MA C, XIA H Y, CHEN X H, journalName=Fujian J Tradit Chin Med(福建中医药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA C, XIA H Y, CHEN X H, et al. 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China Med Her(中国医药导报), 2021, 18(24): 4-7., articleTitle=Study on quality evaluation in different grades of medicinal materials and medicinal pieces of Paeonia radix alba in Bozhou, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079346826920724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=33, issue=5, pageStart=49, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=YU D R, G W, DENG Z H, journalName=Strait Pharm J(海峡药学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU D R, G W, DENG Z H. Investigation on the residue of sulphur dioxide and establishing the method of simultaneous determining the contents of paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin sulfite in Paeoniae Radix Alba by HPLC[J]. Strait Pharm J(海峡药学), 2021, 33(5): 49-52., articleTitle=Investigation on the residue of sulphur dioxide and establishing the method of simultaneous determining the contents of paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin sulfite in Paeoniae Radix Alba by HPLC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079346894029589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=9, pageStart=1542, pageEnd=1559, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=DENG A P, KANG C Z, ZHANG Y, journalName=Chin J Pharm Anal(药物分析杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG A P, KANG C Z, ZHANG Y. Effects of sulfur fumigation on quality of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chin J Pharm Anal(药物分析杂志), 2019, 39(9):1542-1559., articleTitle=Effects of sulfur fumigation on quality of traditional Chinese medicine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079346973721366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=16, pageStart=173, pageEnd=177, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=CAI J L, GUO Z C, HUANG W F, journalName=Guangdong Chem Ind(广东化工), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAI J L, GUO Z C, HUANG W F. Determination by HPLC and evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of 8 antibacterial agents of oral liquid[J]. Guangdong Chem Ind(广东化工), 2023, 50(16): 173-177., articleTitle=Determination by HPLC and evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of 8 antibacterial agents of oral liquid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079347053413143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=143, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZHANG J, XIONG L L, ZHANG Y, journalName=Drug Eval(药品评价), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J, XIONG L L, ZHANG Y. Study on Influence factors of bacteriostatic effect of Qiangli Pipa Syrup[J]. Drug Eval(药品评价), 2023, 20(2): 143-146., articleTitle=Study on Influence factors of bacteriostatic effect of Qiangli Pipa Syrup, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079347116327704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=30, issue=21, pageStart=1944, pageEnd=1948, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=TANG Z, ZHAO X X, GUAN H F, journalName=Chin New Drugs J(中国新药杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG Z, ZHAO X X, GUAN H F. Considerations on the application of antimicrobial preservatives in drugs[J]. Chin New Drugs J(中国新药杂志), 2021, 30(21): 1944-1948., articleTitle=Considerations on the application of antimicrobial preservatives in drugs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079347229573913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ZHANG M Y, YANG X Q, HE D Y, journalName=Clin J Chin Med(中医临床研究), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG M Y, YANG X Q, HE D Y. Research progress of cerealose in the Xiao Jian Zhong Decoction[J]. Clin J Chin Med(中医临床研究), 2023-07-28., articleTitle=Research progress of cerealose in the Xiao Jian Zhong Decoction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079347296682778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=52, issue=3, pageStart=76, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=YUAN R T, ZHOU T M, journalName=Jiangsu J Tradit Chin Med(江苏中医药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN R T, ZHOU T M. Discussion on alternatives to maltose in Xiaojianzhong soup[J]. Jiangsu J Tradit Chin Med(江苏中医药), 2020, 52(3): 76-77., articleTitle=Discussion on alternatives to maltose in Xiaojianzhong soup, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079347380568859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=259, pageEnd=266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=QIANG S T, GUO H, XIONG H R, journalName=Jiangsu J Agric Sci(江苏农业学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIANG S T, GUO H, XIONG H R. Research progress on chemical substances, pharmacological action, homology of medicine and food of Zingiber officinale Rosc[J]. Jiangsu J Agric Sci(江苏农业学报), 2021, 37(1): 259-266., articleTitle=Research progress on chemical substances, pharmacological action, homology of medicine and food of Zingiber officinale Rosc, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1196079347443483420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=93, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=ZHOU P F, LI W Z, WEN X Y, journalName=J Tradit Chin Vet Med(中国兽医药杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU P F, LI W Z, WEN X Y. Research progress on chemical composition and pharmacological activity of ginger[J]. J Tradit Chin Vet Med(中国兽医药杂志), 2021, 40(1): 93-96., articleTitle=Research progress on chemical composition and pharmacological activity of ginger, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1196079346403296015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, awardId=国药监药管〔2023〕2号, language=CN, fundingSource=国家药品抽检计划项目(国药监药管〔2023〕2号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1196079341772784339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1196079341781172948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, companyId=1196079341772784339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangdong institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510525, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1196079341789561557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, companyId=1196079341772784339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东省药品检验所, 广州 510525)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1196079345254056705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ochratoxin A MRM figure

A-blank sample; B-control substance; C-sample.

, figureFileSmall=cba9J5oGxK+QhFfALUq1Kg==, figureFileBig=MwCD1vhqtzAQJN1wjNuiHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1196079345346331394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, language=CN, label=图1, caption=赭曲霉毒素A多反应监测(MRM)图

A-空白样品; B-对照品; C-样品。

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A-blank sample; B-control substance; C-sample.

, figureFileSmall=JvzV2U5nMUuQ+gtjslXorQ==, figureFileBig=a6iIjZT7oS8dFuFKt5BHpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1196079345514103556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, language=CN, label=图2, caption=玉米赤霉烯酮MRM图

A-空白样品; B-对照品; C-样品。

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A-blank sample; B-control substance; C-sample; 1-Cinnamaldehyde.

, figureFileSmall=ITaiM4nKLpZwQm05BOd91A==, figureFileBig=1c7wo80YxgvPtCJnSD6ehg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1196079345820287752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, language=CN, label=图4, caption=小建中制剂桂枝含量测定典型色谱图

A-空白样品; B-样品; C-对照品;1-桂皮醛。

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A-Xiaojianzhong mixture: 12 common peaks, 4-oxypaeoniflorin, 5-paeonifloride, 6-paeoniflorin, 8-benzoic acid, 11-cinnamic acid, 12-glycyrrhizic acid; B-Xiaojianzhong particles: 11 common peaks, 4-paeoniflorin, 5-paeoniflorin, 7-cinnamaldehyde, 10-cinnamic acid, 11-glycyrrhizic acid; C-Xiaojian middle slice: 11 common peaks, 4-paeoniflorin, 5-paeoniflorin, 7-cinnamaldehyde, 10-cinnamic acid, 11-glycyrrhizic acid; D-Xiaojianzhong capsule: 12 common peaks, 5-paeoniflorin, 6-paeoniflorin, 9-cinnamaldehyde, 11-cinnamic acid, 12-glycyrrhizic acid.

, figureFileSmall=G8ih5Rydn2hWHCEJZEru0Q==, figureFileBig=+EmDBl4q68WA/AoISoAfZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1196079345975477002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, language=CN, label=图5, caption=小建中制剂对照指纹图

A-小建中合剂: 12个共有峰,4-氧化芍药苷,5-芍药内酯苷,6-芍药苷,8-苯甲酸,11-肉桂酸,12-甘草酸;B-小建中颗粒:11个共有峰,4-芍药内酯苷,5-芍药苷,7-桂皮醛,10-肉桂酸,11-甘草酸;C-小建中片:11个共有峰,4-芍药内酯苷,5-芍药苷,7-桂皮醛,10-肉桂酸,11-甘草酸;D-小建中胶囊:12个共有峰,5-芍药内酯苷,6-芍药苷,9-桂皮醛,11-肉桂酸,12-甘草酸。

, figureFileSmall=G8ih5Rydn2hWHCEJZEru0Q==, figureFileBig=+EmDBl4q68WA/AoISoAfZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1196079346030002955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

MS/MS parameters of ochratoxin A(OTA) and zearalenone(ZEN)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Scanning mode m/z(Ion pair) DP/V CE/V
Ochratoxin A ESI+ 404.0 /239.1 73 33
404.0 /358.3 60 20
Zearalenone ESI- 317.1 /174.9 -150 -31
317.1 /130.8 -150 -38
), ArticleFig(id=1196079346101306124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Compound Scanning mode m/z(Ion pair) DP/V CE/V
Ochratoxin A ESI+ 404.0 /239.1 73 33
404.0 /358.3 60 20
Zearalenone ESI- 317.1 /174.9 -150 -31
317.1 /130.8 -150 -38
), ArticleFig(id=1196079346164220685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

pH limits for mixtures in which the bacteriostatic agent is sodium benzoate in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Variety pH limits Variety pH limits
Yukang mixture 4.5-6.0 Zhichenqingre mixture 4.5-6.5
Xinrenzhike mixture 5.0-7.0 Qinghouyan mixture 4.0-6.0
Bazheng mixture 4.0-6.0 Fufangfufang mixture 4.0-6.0
Xiaoerqingrezhike mixture 3.5-5.5 Buzhongyiqi mixture 4.0-5.0
Guipi mixture 3.5-5.5 Chiwujianaling mixture 3.5-4.5
Fukangbao mixture 3.5-5.5 Xuanfeizhike mixture 4.5-6.5
), ArticleFig(id=1196079346248106766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195814099775963297, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

《中国药典》2020年版中抑菌剂为苯甲酸钠的合剂的pH值限度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Variety pH limits Variety pH limits
Yukang mixture 4.5-6.0 Zhichenqingre mixture 4.5-6.5
Xinrenzhike mixture 5.0-7.0 Qinghouyan mixture 4.0-6.0
Bazheng mixture 4.0-6.0 Fufangfufang mixture 4.0-6.0
Xiaoerqingrezhike mixture 3.5-5.5 Buzhongyiqi mixture 4.0-5.0
Guipi mixture 3.5-5.5 Chiwujianaling mixture 3.5-4.5
Fukangbao mixture 3.5-5.5 Xuanfeizhike mixture 4.5-6.5
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基于国家药品抽检的小建中制剂质量评价与研究
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刘敏敏 , 胡佳哲 , 何嘉雯 , 陈俏 , 温家欣 , 李华 , 吴群悦 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(23): 2266-2271
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(23): 2266-2271
基于国家药品抽检的小建中制剂质量评价与研究
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刘敏敏, 胡佳哲, 何嘉雯, 陈俏, 温家欣, 李华, 吴群悦*
作者信息
  • 广东省药品检验所, 广州 510525
  • 刘敏敏,女,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:食品药品质量安全研究

通讯作者:

* 吴群悦,男,硕士 研究方向:药品质量安全研究 Tel:(020)37886133
Quality Evaluation and Research on Xiaojianzhong Preparations Based on National Drug Sampling
Minmin LIU, Jiazhe HU, Jiawen HE, Qiao CHEN, Jiaxin WEN, Hua LI, Qunyue WU*
Affiliations
  • Guangdong institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou 510525, China
出版时间: 2024-12-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.23.008
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目的 基于国家药品抽检工作,系统性评价小建中制剂的质量以及分析存在的问题,为该品种的质量控制提供参考和建议。方法 对抽样的160批次样品进行标准检验,探索性研究采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮残留量;采用超高效液相色谱-串联高分辨质谱法检测小建中制剂中芍药苷亚硫酸酯;建立高效液相色谱法测定桂皮醛含量;建立指纹图谱分析法评价小建中制剂的整体质量;对合剂的pH值进行考察。结果 160批次样品依标检验合格率为100%。探索性研究表明,33.1%样品检出赭曲霉毒素A或玉米赤霉烯酮,83.5%样品检出芍药苷亚硫酸酯,9%合剂pH值超出苯甲酸抑菌效力范围,95.4%样品桂皮醛低于拟定限度,14.6%样品指纹图谱分析相似度低于拟定限度。。结论 建议统一4种剂型质量标准质控项目,增加合剂pH限度, 对小建中制剂中原辅料炙甘草及糊精进行质量监测,规范饴糖使用问题,加强古代经典名方开发的制度规范。

国家药品抽检  /  小建中制剂  /  中药  /  质量评价

OBJECTIVE To provide reference and suggestions for the quality control of this variety, evaluate the quality of xiaojianzhong preparations and preparations analyze the existing problems based on the national drug sampling. METHODS A total of 160 batches of samples were tested according to the statutory standard. In the exploratory study, ochratoxin A and zearalenone residues were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; paeoniflorin sulfite in xiaojianzhong preparation was detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem high resolution mass spectrometry; cinnamaldehyde was determined by high performance liquid chromatography; the overall quality of Xiaojianzhong preparation was evaluated by fingerprint analysis. The pH value of the mixture was investigated. RESULTS The qualified rate of 160 batches of samples was 100% according to statutory standard. Exploratory studies showed that ochratoxin A or zearalenone was detected in 33.1% of the samples, and paeoniflorin sulfite was detected in 83.5% of the samples.The pH value of 9% mixture was beyond the range of benzoic acid inhibitory effect. Cinnamaldehyde in 95.4% of the samples was below the proposed limit. Fingerprint analysis showed that the similarity of 14.6% of samples was lower than the proposed limit. CONCLUSION It is suggested to unify the quality control items of the four dosage forms, increase the pH limit, monitor the quality of the raw materials of licorice and dextrin, standardize the use of cerealose, and strengthen the system specification for the development of ancient classic prescriptions.

national evaluation sampling  /  xiaojianzhong preparation  /  traditional Chinese medicine  /  quality evaluation
刘敏敏, 胡佳哲, 何嘉雯, 陈俏, 温家欣, 李华, 吴群悦. 基于国家药品抽检的小建中制剂质量评价与研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (23) : 2266 -2271 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.23.008
Minmin LIU, Jiazhe HU, Jiawen HE, Qiao CHEN, Jiaxin WEN, Hua LI, Qunyue WU. Quality Evaluation and Research on Xiaojianzhong Preparations Based on National Drug Sampling[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (23) : 2266 -2271 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.23.008
小建中制剂是2023年国家药品抽检工作的中成药品种之一,包括合剂、片剂、颗粒和胶囊4种剂型,均由桂枝、白芍、炙甘草、生姜、大枣组成。本研究共收到来自全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)160批次样品,具有广泛的代表性。通过现行标准检验和探索性研究发现,小建中制剂存在一些目前中成药质量控制中的一些共性问题,因此,课题组将这些问题和引发的思考呈现出来,以期对中成药的质量评价提供参考。
LC-20A型高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司);Triple Quad 5500型串联四极杆质谱仪(配ESI, 美国 AB Sciex 公司); VANQUIVE Optiplex液相色谱系统(美国Thermo公司);Q Exactive静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱仪(美国Thermo公司);MS 3 digital涡旋振荡器(德国IKA公司),ST16R离心机(美国Thermo公司);KQ-500DE型数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司)。
赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)对照品(批号S111581,含量为100 μg·mL-1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)对照品(批号S111563,含量为1 000 μg·mL-1)均购自First Standard公司;桂皮醛对照品(批号110710-202223,含量98.8%)、芍药苷对照品(批号117036-202246,含量96.7%)、苯甲酸(批号100419-201703,含量99.9%)(中国食品药品检定研究院);芍药苷亚硫酸酯对照品(批号为J29IB206112,含量≥98%)、肉桂酸对照品(批号Y11M10C88100,含量99.5%)、芍药内酯苷对照品(批号O31GB166251,含量98.2%)、氧化芍药苷对照品(批号N26GB169459,含量99.2%)、香豆素对照品(批号Y29M9C57109,含量99.9%)、甘草酸对照品(批号Y02J11L113432,含量98.5%)(上海源叶生物科技有限公司)。
甲醇、乙腈、甲酸均为色谱纯,其他试剂为分析纯, 超纯水由Millipore超纯水系统制备。
本次抽检样品包括合剂67批,颗粒剂54批,片剂14批,胶囊剂25批。
按现行质量标准检验,160批次样品均符合规定,合格率为100%。依标检验中,有3家合剂生产企业芍药苷含量批次间的离散程度均较大,RSD分别17.1%、45.6%和23.4%。
根据小建中制剂处方、工艺制法、现行质量标准中质控项目的设置以及标准检验中存在的相关情况,从药材基原的正确性、临床用药的安全性、生产工艺的合规性、药品质量的可控性4个方面开展了12项探索性研究,包括芍药苷亚硫酸酯、合剂中防腐剂、黄樟素、赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮残留量的检测、12种新烟碱类杀虫剂、非法添加消化系统用药筛查、生姜定性鉴别、桂枝定量分析、芍药苷定量方法优化、合剂pH值测定、指纹图谱分析。探索性研究总的问题率为96.9%。不合格项目集中在桂皮醛含量测定、6-姜辣素定性鉴别、指纹图谱分析、pH值。探索性研究项目的制订更合理有效地实现对小建中制剂质量和安全的评价。现就其中5项代表性项目进行阐述。
中药在种植、加工、制剂、运输、贮存等过程中易受到真菌毒素的污染,真菌毒素存在易污染,毒性强,性质稳定,工艺流程不易破坏等特点。参照《中国药典》2020年版 “真菌毒素测定法”[1],采用液相色谱-串联质谱法,对小建中制剂中的多种真菌毒素残留量进行筛查,发现存在赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮残留,建立了小建中制剂中赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮残留量的检测方法。
Waters COTRECS UPLC(2.1 mm ×100 mm,1.6 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸为流动相A,以乙腈-甲醇(3∶2)为流动相B,流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温35 ℃。梯度洗脱:0~2 min,5%B;2~2.1 min,5%~40%B;2.1~7 min,40%~55%B;7~10 min,55%~90%B;10~10.5 min,90%~5%B;10.5~16 min,5%B。
以三重四级杆串联质谱仪检测,离子源为电喷雾(ESI)离子源,使用正负离子同时扫描模式,检测模式为多反应监测(MRM),具体质谱参数见表1
对照品溶液制备:取赭曲霉毒素A、玉米赤霉烯酮对照品适量,精密称定,加甲醇分别制成每1 mL含1 000 μg的对照品储备液,即得。精密量取各对照品储备液适量,用体积分数50%乙腈溶液稀释成系列浓度对照品溶液。供试品溶液制备:精密称取样品约1.0 g,加70%甲醇溶液超声处理,过亲水亲油平衡(HLB)固相萃取柱,依次用甲醇和水洗脱,即得。
按建立的方法,对8家生产企业160批次样品进行检测。结果有5家企业共53批检出赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮,总检出率为33.1%,赭曲霉毒素A检出率11.3%,玉米赤霉烯酮检出率25.0%。其中,检出赭曲霉毒素A含量在2.2~15.8 μg·kg-1(检出限1 μg·kg-1,定量限2 μg·kg-1),检出玉米赤霉烯酮含量在9.8~76.4 μg·kg-1 (检出限2 μg·kg-1,定量限5 μg·kg-1),见图1~2
赭曲霉毒素A与玉米赤霉烯酮在《中国药典》2020年版中尚无相关限量。赭曲霉毒素A的限量标准,参照我国食品安全标准GB2761-2017中部分食品规定的限量值为5.0 μg·kg-1,参照欧洲药典的部分草药品种及提取物的限量值为20.0 μg·kg-1,检出的18批样品含量均低于20.0 μg·kg-1,存在污染风险,但风险不高。参照我国食品安全标准GB2761-2017中玉米、玉米面(渣、片)玉米赤霉烯酮的限量值为60 μg·kg-1,检出的40批样品有14批次超出60 μg·kg-1,存在一定的污染风险,但结合服用量考虑,风险不高。
白芍药材有硫熏蒸的情况报道,硫熏过度可造成二氧化硫残留,芍药苷含量下降,影响药材质量[2-4]。小建中制剂均用白芍50%乙醇浸渍或煎煮提取的工艺,会导致二氧化硫损耗不能检出,因此从二氧化硫残留量无法反映和评价投料白芍药材硫熏蒸加工程度。芍药苷亚硫酸酯是白芍受二氧化硫熏蒸后芍药苷与二氧化硫反应产物[5-6],其可随生产从药材转移至提取物或制剂,因而可通过测定小建中制剂中芍药苷亚硫酸酯的含量从而评价投料白芍药材硫熏蒸加工程度及对制剂的影响。
采用Waters XBridge BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.5 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相A,0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相B,流速为0.3 mL·min-1,柱温为40 ℃。梯度洗脱程序: 0~4 min,5%B; 4~8 min,5%~25%B; 8~9 min,25%B; 9~9.1 min,25%~5%B; 9.1~15 min,5%B。
质谱条件:采用高分辨质谱检测器,离子源为ESI离子源,扫描模式为MS/MS,负离子采集,一级质谱扫描范围m/z 100~1 000,二级质谱为归一化碰撞能量20%、40%和60%。芍药苷亚硫酸酯分子式C23H284O13S;保留时间5.8 min;准分子离子m/z 543.117 78;加合模式:[M-H]-、主要碎片离子m/z 121.029 24、259.027 47。
对照品溶液的制备:取芍药苷亚硫酸酯对照品适量,精密称定,加体积分数90%甲醇制成每1 mL含100 ng的对照品溶液,即得。供试品溶液的制备:称取样品适量置量瓶中,加体积分数 90%甲醇适量,超声处理,滤过即得。
按上述方法对115批小建中制剂进行芍药苷亚硫酸酯的测定,见图3,大部分样品检出芍药苷亚硫酸酯,含量从10~1 982 mg·kg-1
由于白芍药材现行标准未制定芍药苷亚硫酸酯的限度,缺少关键限度数据支撑,本项目未能制定小建中制剂中芍药苷亚硫酸酯的含量限度。目前,该成分的安全性和活性尚在研究中。
合剂一般应检查pH值,现行标准中未对小建中合剂的pH值进行规定。小建中合剂以0.3%的苯甲酸钠为防腐剂,苯甲酸钠在酸性环境下具有较好的抑菌作用,当 pH值在 5.5 以上时,对许多霉菌无抑制作用[7-9],因此适宜的pH值对小建中合剂的质量有关键影响。根据检测结果和苯甲酸的抑菌范围,建议pH值范围为3.8~5.4,67批小建中合剂中6批超过限度,不合格率为9%。此外,课题组汇总了《中国药典》2020年版中抑菌剂为苯甲酸钠的合剂的pH值限度(表2),发现部分合剂pH值范围超过苯甲酸抑菌范围。
桂枝中桂皮醛对小建中制剂的整体药效发挥起关键作用。本研究以桂皮醛为指标成分,参照《中国药典》2020版一部小建中片桂枝含量测定方法,建立小建中制剂中桂皮醛的定量分析方法,见图4
采用JADE-PAK ODS-AQ(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水(34∶66)为流动相,检测波长为290 nm。对照品溶液的制备:取桂皮醛对照品适量,精密称定,加体积分数70%乙醇制成1 μg·mL-1的溶液,即得。供试品溶液的制备:取供试品适量置具塞锥形瓶中,加入体积分数70%乙醇超声处理,滤过,即得。
实验表明,片剂桂皮醛含量的低限转移率17.1%~27.0%,合剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂桂皮醛含量的低限转移率分别为0.04%~6.2%、0.8%~2.7%和0.6%~2.5%。
小建中片剂标准规定了桂皮醛的限度。小建中制剂各剂型处方基本一致,各种剂型的桂枝提取路线相似,提取率理论上应较为接近。故以小建中片桂皮醛的限度和理论转移率为依据,确定各剂型的桂皮醛限度,其中合剂0.10 mg·mL-1,颗粒剂2.7 mg·mL-1,胶囊剂1.0 mg·mL-1。按建立的方法,对小建中制剂进行测定,结果108批样品有103批低于限度,抽检问题率为95.4%。此外,各生产厂家的桂皮醛含量差异较大,其中小建中合剂桂皮醛含量最高值和最低值相差接近2 000倍。
采用相似度分析评价小建中制剂的整体质量。采用高效液相色谱-多波长切换法建立小建中制剂的指纹图谱分析法,生成对照指纹图谱,见图5。采用相似度分析、聚类分析和主成分分析等多种化学计量学方法进行数据分析,考察小建中合剂不同生产企业间样品的一致性。
按建立的方法对115批样品进行检测,合剂48批次样品的平均相似度为0.93,相似度在0.72~0.99之间,50批颗粒、7批片剂、10批胶囊的平均相似度分别为0.997、0.998、0.997。相似度限度应不得低于0.90。7批次样品的相似度低于拟定限度,合剂抽检不合格率为14.6%。
依标检验中,各生产企业合剂中芍药苷含量RSD均较大。其原因推测为药材质量存在差异,制备工艺不同或制备工艺不稳定。
小建中制剂现行标准存在质控项目缺失,缺少对关键成分的质量控制。例如,合剂、胶囊剂缺少对生姜的鉴别,片剂缺少对6-姜辣素的鉴别,合剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂缺少对桂枝的含量控制。6-姜辣素是生姜的主要活性成分,具有抗癌、抗炎、降血脂、防控心脑血管疾病、治疗胃肠道疾病等作用[12-13]。桂枝含有桂皮醛等易挥发类成分,在运输、储存过程中容易受环境影响造成有效成分的损失;小建中制剂生产工艺中,桂枝需经挥发油提取、水煮等工艺,也会造成桂皮醛损失。探索性研究发现,小建中片质量标准规定了桂皮醛含量限度,片剂桂皮醛含量的低限转移率较高;其他3种剂型质量标准未规定桂皮醛含量,桂皮醛含量的低限转移率较低,可见如果对标准中没有规定的项目,则企业不会重视。建议将其他3种剂型桂皮醛含量检测纳入质量标准。
探索性研究中发现制剂中赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮的来源问题,本项目组在开展2022年药用辅料国抽品种糊精研究中发现,玉米赤霉烯酮的检出率为99.4%,检出在最高值700 μg·kg-1以上,此外,在专项监测中发现赭曲霉毒素A在甘草饮片中检出率为16%,项目组在开展2022年药用辅料国抽品种糊精研究中发现,玉米赤霉烯酮的检出率为99.4%,检出最高值700 μg·kg-1以上,此外,在专项监测中发现赭曲霉毒素A在甘草饮片中检出率为16%,检出最高值在500 μg·kg-1以上,据此推测小建中制剂的真菌毒素污染可能源于小建中制剂的原料药材炙甘草和辅料糊精。对于检出芍药苷亚硫酸酯问题,由于白芍药材标准未制定芍药苷亚硫酸酯的限度,缺少关键限度数据支撑,故本项目未能制定小建中制剂中芍药苷亚硫酸酯的含量限度。目前,该成分的安全性和活性尚在研究中。在同一生产厂家转移率相对固定的情况下,在芍药苷亚硫酸酯的含量越高,表明药材硫加工程度越高。指纹图谱研究中,通过聚类分析与绘制供试品的二维聚类热图分析,指纹图谱不相似,提示可能存在药材质量参差,生产工艺不同。不合格的7批次合剂均为企业A生产,依据标准检验结果,该企业芍药苷含量虽然符合药典限度要求,但是其含量水平是所有生产企业中最低的。该生产企业白芍药材质量控制有待提高。
关于饴糖的使用问题。经调研,目前所有合剂生产企业,均使用《中国药典》2015年版小建中合剂中的“饴糖”,执行国家标准GB/T 20883-2017《麦芽糖》,均未使用《中国药典》2020年版四部规定的辅料“麦芽糖”(98%)。根据《中国药典》2020年版四部药用辅料的表述:中国药典品种[制法]中规定的辅料可以使用非药典规定的辅料。然而,根据调研的生产现状,从尊重传统中药和现代生产管理需要,建议将小建中合剂中的麦芽糖统一使用GB/T 20883-2017《麦芽糖》中的“麦芽糖(M40型)”,在名称上有别于现代辅料,以示尊重传统组方。
小建中汤用饴糖为君药,一则取其建补中焦、滋养气血之功效,二则甘能解痉止痛,一药而两擅其功[10]。饴糖在1974—2005年间河南、北京、甘肃、安徽等地的地方药材标准中收载。大量学者均认为饴糖在小建中汤中具有重要作用,不建议在小建中汤加减的临床应用中去掉饴糖[11]。现代生产中,片剂、胶囊工艺中已去掉饴糖,小建中颗粒中加入适当蔗糖作为调味剂,只有小建中合剂遵照古方,加入麦芽糖作为矫味剂。现代生产的工艺是否与古方经方相符,是否合理,值得探讨。
古代经典名方规范问题。小建中制剂来源于汉代张仲景著《伤寒论》, 为中医经典名方。目前小建中制剂4种剂型生产工艺不同,例如,小建中颗粒桂枝生姜蒸馏提取挥发油,其他3种剂型桂枝提取挥发油。四种剂型质量标准也不统一,合剂、胶囊剂无生姜的鉴别,片剂、颗粒剂无6-姜辣素的鉴别,合剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂缺少对桂枝的含量控制。由于4种剂型工艺、质量标准不统一,造成小建中制剂质量参差不齐。日本汉方制剂生产曾出现同一品种生产工艺不统一、质量参差不齐的问题,其后采用与“标准汤剂”对照的方法,研究建立浸膏质量标准等,提高了产品质量控制水平。借鉴日本汉方药的质量管理经验,建议完善质量标准质量控制,尽可能对处方中所有的药味都进行确认试验,增加整体性的检测指标,如pH值、浸出物等;为保证产品质量均一稳定,应制定含量的上下限;应避免单纯为制备某种剂型而改变工艺。
  • 国家药品抽检计划项目(国药监药管〔2023〕2号)
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2024年第59卷第23期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.23.008
  • 接收时间:2024-04-18
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2024-12-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-18
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国家药品抽检计划项目(国药监药管〔2023〕2号)
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    广东省药品检验所, 广州 510525

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* 吴群悦,男,硕士 研究方向:药品质量安全研究 Tel:(020)37886133
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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