Article(id=1195741161865396400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195741158056964822, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)04-0311-13, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.04.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1665676800000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763016508785, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1708531200000, pubDateStr=2024-02-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763016508785, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763016508785, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763016508785, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195741158056964822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='285', pageEnd='374', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763016507876, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763016622263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195741637893730663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195741158056964822, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195741637893730664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195741158056964822, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=311, endPage=323, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195741162133831858, articleId=1195741161865396400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=A Novel Nano Sustain-Released Drug Delivery System Encapsulated Regorafenib with a Hard Core-Soft Film Structure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish a nano sustained release drug delivery system polysuccinimide(PSI) and hydroxyapatite(HAP) with a hard core-soft coating structure and study the delivery of anti-tumor drug regorafenib. METHODS HAP and PSI were synthesize in the article. The optimal formulation and preparation process of the regorafenib-PSI-HAP was determined by single factor analysis and the box-behnken design(BBD) response surface method. The encapsulation efficiency, drug loading captivity, drug release in vitro, particle size and distribution, Zeta potential and SEM images of regorafenib-PSI-HAP were examined. RESULTS The UV spectrophotometry results showed that the maximum absorption wave of the regorafenib was at 264 nm, the stand curve was A=94.461ρ+0.0304, r2=0.999 8. Meanwhile, between the 2-20 μg·mL-1 of the regorafenib solutions possessed a good linear relationship at this wave. The optimal formulation prepared using MEM detected by BBD was that the concentration of regorafenib was 7.28 mg·mL-1, the mass ratio of HAP to regorafenib was 0.63, and the mass ratio of PSI to HAP was 3.93. The in vitro drug release test showed that PSI-HAP exhibited pH-sensitive drug release, the regorafenib-PSI-HAP can be released totally above pH 7 solution. The PSD was around 300 nm, and Zeta potential was between -10 and -17 mV which was similar to the human cell membrane. CONCLUSION The proposed drug delivery system can be integrated into non-agglomerated spherical nanoparticles of uniform size through a facile preparation process. The particles are easy to sterilize, and large-scale production may be achieved easily. The drug release of PSI-HAP is pH sensitive and stable. Both PSI and nano HAP possess the effect of anti-tumor cell proliferation which is very suitable for the delivery of anti-tumor drugs such as regorafenib in vivo.

, correspAuthors=ZHAI Fengguo, YU Fengbo, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=LIU Dan, WANG Hongyuan, WANG Jinghua, FAN Xingjun, WANG Qiang, LIU Jiawei, TONG Lei, ZHAI Fengguo, YU Fengbo), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195741629492544128, articleId=1195741161865396400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=新型“硬核软膜”结构纳米缓释制剂对瑞戈非尼的载药实验研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立的一种新型的、以聚丁二酰亚胺(polysuccinimide,PSI)与羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HAP)为基本构成成分的纳米缓释递药系统PSI-HAP,并对抗肿瘤药物瑞戈非尼的载药释药能力进行研究。方法 本实验合成了制剂所需辅料HAP与PSI;建立了紫外分光光度法对瑞戈非尼的含量进行检测;采用单因素结合响应面曲线法(box-behnken design,BBD)对不同方式制备的瑞戈非尼纳米缓释递药系统的处方与工艺进行考察;对制剂的载药与释药能力、制剂形态,Zeta电位与粒径等制剂学性质进行了考察。采用荧光染料尼罗红对载药PSI-HAP纳米粒进行标记,通过小动物活体成像技术观察纳米粒在小鼠体内的分布情况。结果 经紫外扫描确定瑞戈非尼检测波长为264 nm,标准曲线为A=94.461ρ+0.030 4,r2=0.999 8,精密度准确度实验显示,瑞戈非尼在0.002~0.02 mg·mL-1内线性关系良好;BBD确定采用乳液法制备瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂处方为药物浓度7.28 mg·mL-1,HAP与药物质量比为0.63,PSI与HAP质量比为3.93;体外释放实验结果显示,该递药系统具备pH敏感性,在pH值大于7时,药物会得到较为完全的释放。扫描电镜(SEM)结果显示,制剂粒径在300 nm上下,Zeta电位为负,与人体生物膜荷电性相同。体内分布实验结果显示,PSI-HAP制剂可显著延长制剂在动物体内的滞留时间。结论 本实验建立的新型纳米递药系统的制备工艺极其简单,易于灭菌,无需高压、挤压、过滤等工艺即可制备出粒径均一的纳米粒子,药物释放平稳且具备pH敏感性,PSI与纳米HAP都具备抗肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,非常适用于抗肿瘤药物的体内递送。

, correspAuthors=翟凤国, 于凤波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*翟凤国,女,博士,教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:新药药理学 Tel:(0453)6984669;
于凤波,女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:新型纳米递药系统的研究 Tel:(0453)6984683
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刘丹,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:新型纳米递药系统的研究

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J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2015, 103(9):3045-3053., articleTitle=pH responsive polypeptide based polymeric micelles for anticancer drug delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197102079337607325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=145, issue=null, pageStart=401, pageEnd=409, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=LIU N, HAN J M, ZHANG X C, journalName=Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU N, HAN J M, ZHANG X C, et al. pH-responsive zwitterionic polypeptide as a platform for anti-tumor drug delivery[J]. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces, 2016, 145: 401-409. DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.027., articleTitle=pH-responsive zwitterionic polypeptide as a platform for anti-tumor drug delivery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197102079417299102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=101, issue=null, pageStart=464, pageEnd=471, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=LE T T, KIM D, journalName=Mater Sci Eng C, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LE T T, KIM D. Folate-PEG/Hyd-curcumin/C18-g-PSI micelles for site specific delivery of curcumin to colon cancer cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Mater Sci Eng C, 2019, 101: 464-471. DOI:10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.100., articleTitle=Folate-PEG/Hyd-curcumin/C18-g-PSI micelles for site specific delivery of curcumin to colon cancer cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197102079492796575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=133, issue=16, pageStart=43305, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=TRAN N B, KIM J Y, KIM Y C, journalName=J Appl Poly Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TRAN N B, KIM J Y, KIM Y C, et al. CO2-responsive swelling behavior and metal‐ion adsorption properties in novel histamine-conjugated polyaspartamide hydrogel[J]. J Appl Poly Sci, 2016, 133(16):43305. DOI:10.1002/app.43305., articleTitle=CO2-responsive swelling behavior and metal‐ion adsorption properties in novel histamine-conjugated polyaspartamide hydrogel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197102079564099744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=60, issue=2, pageStart=298, pageEnd=302, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=OSTROVSKAYA L A, KORMAND B, VARFOLOMEEV S D, journalName=Biophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OSTROVSKAYA L A, KORMAND B, VARFOLOMEEV S D, et al. Polysuccinimide: Experimental antitumor activity[J]. Biophysics, 2015, 60(2):298-302., articleTitle=Polysuccinimide: Experimental antitumor activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197102079635402913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=68, issue=null, pageStart=88, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=VEGA-CHACON J, PIAZZA R D, MARQUES R C, journalName=Polyr Int, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VEGA-CHACON J, PIAZZA R D, MARQUES R C, et al. The influence of pH, hydrolysis and degree of substitution on the temperature-sensitive properties of polyaspartamides[J]. Polyr Int, 2019, 68: 88-93. DOI:10.1002/pi.5699., articleTitle=The influence of pH, hydrolysis and degree of substitution on the temperature-sensitive properties of polyaspartamides, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1197102077802492041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, awardId=2021M692734, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金面上项目资助(2021M692734), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1197102077857017994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, awardId=20221447, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省中医药局科研项目资助(20221447), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1197102077932515467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, awardId=2019-KYYWFMY-0003, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江省教育厅省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目资助(2019-KYYWFMY-0003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1197102078008012940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, awardId=2021-MYBSKY-046, language=CN, fundingSource=牡丹江医学院博士科研启动基金资助(2021-MYBSKY-046), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197102071813025830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197102071821414439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, companyId=1197102071813025830, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197102071829803048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, companyId=1197102071813025830, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=牡丹江医学院, 黑龙江 牡丹江 157011)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197102074958753889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The structure of PSI-HAP

PSI-polysuccinimide; HAP-hydroxyapatite; X-a molecular group with different in vivo functions, e.g., PEG, antibody, ligand, temperature sensitive, pH sensitive or other functional molecular groups.

, figureFileSmall=5XjeUwv9AOmzpDUbGhdWIg==, figureFileBig=gMAS5U9af3Z0xJEvDK8LYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075021668450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=图1, caption=聚丁二酰亚胺-羟基磷灰石(PSI-HAP)的结构示意图

PSI-聚丁二酰亚胺;HAP-羟基磷灰石;X-功能性分子基团(例如:PEG,抗体,配体,温敏或pH敏感等功能性分子基团)。

, figureFileSmall=5XjeUwv9AOmzpDUbGhdWIg==, figureFileBig=gMAS5U9af3Z0xJEvDK8LYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075109748835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Ultraviolet scanning spectrum(A) and standard curve of regorafenib(B), figureFileSmall=cIwg5Xz1VpQkg6hSDi5zPQ==, figureFileBig=fQtzeVtYw3bIsFRJTYgd2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075181052004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=图2, caption=瑞戈非尼紫外扫描图(A)和标准曲线(B), figureFileSmall=cIwg5Xz1VpQkg6hSDi5zPQ==, figureFileBig=fQtzeVtYw3bIsFRJTYgd2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075256549477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=FT-IR spectra of regorafenib-loaded PSI-HAP prepared using different methods, figureFileSmall=r+8aeNV9bFHL5h5on9rhmQ==, figureFileBig=gdSCz1M+MhKQ8lemWVyaLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075323658342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=图3, caption=载有瑞戈非尼的PSI-HAP制剂红外光图谱, figureFileSmall=r+8aeNV9bFHL5h5on9rhmQ==, figureFileBig=gdSCz1M+MhKQ8lemWVyaLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075382378599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=3D-response surface plot for optimization of the prepared formulations, figureFileSmall=rmpjOkA8nHC2iXivtG+6oA==, figureFileBig=90DX141x1juaIcWg9XELhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075457876072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=图4, caption=制备配方优化的3D响应面图, figureFileSmall=rmpjOkA8nHC2iXivtG+6oA==, figureFileBig=90DX141x1juaIcWg9XELhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075516596329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Release curves of regorafenib-PSI-HAP in vitro. n=3, x -±s, figureFileSmall=6Xwryp3IhyjKCErX9h4/gQ==, figureFileBig=IcpEpe/VRzjr0TZHQPs2Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075587899498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=图5, caption=瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂的体外释放曲线. n=3, x -±s, figureFileSmall=6Xwryp3IhyjKCErX9h4/gQ==, figureFileBig=IcpEpe/VRzjr0TZHQPs2Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075722117227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=PSD and Zeta potential of regorafenib-PSI-HAP preparation, figureFileSmall=dFDr8pZJw5iNsblxnm/qFw==, figureFileBig=G8uv7K2HClZz2KjjgRulgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075789226092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=图6, caption=瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂粒径分布及Zeta电位测试图谱, figureFileSmall=dFDr8pZJw5iNsblxnm/qFw==, figureFileBig=G8uv7K2HClZz2KjjgRulgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075847946349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=SEM images of regorafenib-PSI-HAP preparation using MEM, figureFileSmall=KzMfbraF1ewAnM3m4LSCnA==, figureFileBig=+2oJhfgGI5FU66xGDJcF8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102075927638126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=图7, caption=乳液法(MEM)制备的瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂的扫描电镜(SEM)图像, figureFileSmall=KzMfbraF1ewAnM3m4LSCnA==, figureFileBig=+2oJhfgGI5FU66xGDJcF8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102076007329903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The results of the distribution in vivo, figureFileSmall=1TCYrwykPHmxClaJ4wftGg==, figureFileBig=05nWTy5V+MoKsLuKRG6r/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102076061855856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=图8, caption=瑞戈非尼制剂动物体内分布实验结果, figureFileSmall=1TCYrwykPHmxClaJ4wftGg==, figureFileBig=05nWTy5V+MoKsLuKRG6r/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197102076124770417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Results of recovery rate of regorafenib

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρregorafenib
/μg·mL-1
ρregorafenib Detected
/μg·mL-1
Recovery
/%
RSD
/%
2 2.023 101.15 0.837
2.012 100.62
1.990 99.51
10 9.870 98.70 0.297
9.909 99.09
9.928 99.28
20 20.11 100.58 0.478
20.09 100.46
20.27 101.34
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076191879282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

瑞戈非尼回收率实验测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρregorafenib
/μg·mL-1
ρregorafenib Detected
/μg·mL-1
Recovery
/%
RSD
/%
2 2.023 101.15 0.837
2.012 100.62
1.990 99.51
10 9.870 98.70 0.297
9.909 99.09
9.928 99.28
20 20.11 100.58 0.478
20.09 100.46
20.27 101.34
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076254793843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Results of the intra-day and inter-day precision of regorafenib

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Intra/Inter-day ρregorafenib/μg·mL-1 1 2 3 4 5 x -±s RSD/%
Intra-day 2 2.014 2.012 2.011 2.019 2.017 2.015±0.003 0.153
10 9.891 9.888 9.886 9.888 9.940 9.898±0.023 0.234
20 19.99 19.98 19.95 19.97 19.96 19.97±0.014 0.069
Inter-day 2 2.012 2.020 2.029 2.039 1.996 2.019±0.017 0.821
10 9.886 9.938 9.834 9.912 9.803 9.875±0.056 0.564
20 20.00 19.90 20.02 19.86 20.05 19.97±0.082 0.410
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076330291316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

瑞戈非尼日内精密度与日间精密度实验测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Intra/Inter-day ρregorafenib/μg·mL-1 1 2 3 4 5 x -±s RSD/%
Intra-day 2 2.014 2.012 2.011 2.019 2.017 2.015±0.003 0.153
10 9.891 9.888 9.886 9.888 9.940 9.898±0.023 0.234
20 19.99 19.98 19.95 19.97 19.96 19.97±0.014 0.069
Inter-day 2 2.012 2.020 2.029 2.039 1.996 2.019±0.017 0.821
10 9.886 9.938 9.834 9.912 9.803 9.875±0.056 0.564
20 20.00 19.90 20.02 19.86 20.05 19.97±0.082 0.410
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076401594485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results of the solution stability of regorafenib

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/h ρregorafenib/μg·mL-1
2 10 20
0 1.993 9.970 20.67
6 2.057 9.870 21.07
12 2.023 10.15 20.92
RSD/% 1.570 1.433 0.987
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076468703350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

瑞戈非尼稳定性实验测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/h ρregorafenib/μg·mL-1
2 10 20
0 1.993 9.970 20.67
6 2.057 9.870 21.07
12 2.023 10.15 20.92
RSD/% 1.570 1.433 0.987
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076535812215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading capacity(DLC) of regorafenib-PSI-HAP prepared with different methods for different concentration of drug. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρregorafenib
/mg·mL-1
MEM LPR PM HM
EE/% DLC/% EE/% DLC/% EE/% DLC/% EE/% DLC/%
1 59.22±0.59 1.20±0.03 59.13±0.56 0.67±0.01 66.60±1.04 0.32±0.01 46.43±1.05 0.23±0.01
5 66.00±0.97 6.18±0.06 68.99±1.11 3.69±0.06 73.37±1.17 1.72±0.02 74.24±1.21 1.73±0.03
10 47.08±1.70 8.59±0.27 55.89±1.49 5.85±0.14 60.93±1.09 2.82±0.06 67.03±1.66 3.10±0.08
15 40.12±0.76 10.72±0.19 51.64±0.81 7.94±0.12 57.54±0.55 3.94±0.04 54.51±0.87 3.75±0.06
20 34.72±0.69 12.20±0.23 32.14±0.95 6.67±0.20 36.39±1.19 3.35±0.11 31.83±1.06 2.94±0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076607115384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂对不同浓度药物的包封率(EE)和载药量(DLC). n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρregorafenib
/mg·mL-1
MEM LPR PM HM
EE/% DLC/% EE/% DLC/% EE/% DLC/% EE/% DLC/%
1 59.22±0.59 1.20±0.03 59.13±0.56 0.67±0.01 66.60±1.04 0.32±0.01 46.43±1.05 0.23±0.01
5 66.00±0.97 6.18±0.06 68.99±1.11 3.69±0.06 73.37±1.17 1.72±0.02 74.24±1.21 1.73±0.03
10 47.08±1.70 8.59±0.27 55.89±1.49 5.85±0.14 60.93±1.09 2.82±0.06 67.03±1.66 3.10±0.08
15 40.12±0.76 10.72±0.19 51.64±0.81 7.94±0.12 57.54±0.55 3.94±0.04 54.51±0.87 3.75±0.06
20 34.72±0.69 12.20±0.23 32.14±0.95 6.67±0.20 36.39±1.19 3.35±0.11 31.83±1.06 2.94±0.10
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076686807161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Effects of HAP concentration on EE and DLC of regorafenib-PSI-HAP. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρHAP/mg·mL-1 EE/% DLC/%
1 21.63±1.20 17.78±0.72
5 57.50±1.23 10.09±0.59
10 66.38±1.07 5.99±0.45
15 70.46±0..80 4.32±0.134
20 71.57±0.70 3.31±0.29
25 73.52±1.03 2.74±0.26
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076749721722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

HAP浓度对瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂的EE和DLC的影响. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρHAP/mg·mL-1 EE/% DLC/%
1 21.63±1.20 17.78±0.72
5 57.50±1.23 10.09±0.59
10 66.38±1.07 5.99±0.45
15 70.46±0..80 4.32±0.134
20 71.57±0.70 3.31±0.29
25 73.52±1.03 2.74±0.26
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076816830587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Effects of PSI concentration on the EE and DLC of regorafenib-PSI-HAP. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρPSI/mg·mL-1 EE/% DLC/%
25 70.88±1.07 6.65±0.15
50 69.55±0.90 6.49±0.11
100 66.12±0.98 6.19±0.07
150 65.10±0.76 6.14±0.07
200 65.69±0.88 6.19±0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076888133756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

PSI溶液浓度对瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂EE和DLC的影响. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρPSI/mg·mL-1 EE/% DLC/%
25 70.88±1.07 6.65±0.15
50 69.55±0.90 6.49±0.11
100 66.12±0.98 6.19±0.07
150 65.10±0.76 6.14±0.07
200 65.69±0.88 6.19±0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1197102076963631229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

EE and DLC of regorafenib-PSI-HAP prepared under different stirring and sonication conditions. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Stirring rate
/r·min1
Without sonication Under sonication
EE/% DLC/% EE/% DLC/%
500 68.93±1.01 6.46±0.09 72.99±1.13 6.81±0.12
800 69.55±0.90 6.49±0.11 72.54±0.83 6.78±0.09
1 000 70.41±1.07 6.62±0.11 73.21±1.02 6.81±0.09
1 500 70.42±1.12 6.61±0.14 73.57±0.93 6.84±0.07
2 000 70.22±1.21 6.57±0.14 73.61±0.87 6.88±0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077030740094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

搅拌和超声条件对瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂EE和DLC的影响. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Stirring rate
/r·min1
Without sonication Under sonication
EE/% DLC/% EE/% DLC/%
500 68.93±1.01 6.46±0.09 72.99±1.13 6.81±0.12
800 69.55±0.90 6.49±0.11 72.54±0.83 6.78±0.09
1 000 70.41±1.07 6.62±0.11 73.21±1.02 6.81±0.09
1 500 70.42±1.12 6.61±0.14 73.57±0.93 6.84±0.07
2 000 70.22±1.21 6.57±0.14 73.61±0.87 6.88±0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077089460351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Effects of temperature conditions on the EE and DLC of regorafenib-PSI-HAP. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T/℃ EE/% DLC/%
25 73.21±1.02 6.81±0.09
60 73.09±0.88 6.83±0.11
80 73.05±1.14 6.83±0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077160763520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

温度对瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂EE和DLC的影响. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T/℃ EE/% DLC/%
25 73.21±1.02 6.81±0.09
60 73.09±0.88 6.83±0.11
80 73.05±1.14 6.83±0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077227872385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Experimental condtions of Box-Behnken design for preparation of PSI-HAP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Independent
variables
Process
factors
Level
Low Middle High
-1 0 1
ρregorafenib/mg·mL-1 A 1 5.5 10
mHAP-mregorafenib B 3∶1 1∶1 1∶3
mPSI-mHAP C 3∶1 4∶1 5∶1
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077290786946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

Box-Behnken设计制备瑞戈非尼制剂的实验条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Independent
variables
Process
factors
Level
Low Middle High
-1 0 1
ρregorafenib/mg·mL-1 A 1 5.5 10
mHAP-mregorafenib B 3∶1 1∶1 1∶3
mPSI-mHAP C 3∶1 4∶1 5∶1
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077349507203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

Summary of ANOVA and statistical parameters respective to selected responses indicating significance and fitting of different models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameter Source Sum of squares df Mean square F value P value Interpretation
EE Model 7 577.11 9 841.9 118.21 <0.000 1 Significant
A-C(SCE) 1 043.94 1 1 043.94 146.58 <0.000 1 Significant
B-m(HAP)∶m(SCE) 4 553.76 1 4 553.76 639.39 <0.000 1 Significant
C-m(PSI)∶m(HAP) 18.66 1 18.66 2.62 0.149 6 Not significant
AB 0.14 1 0.14 0.02 0.892 4 Not significant
AC 14.88 1 14.88 2.09 0.191 6 Not significant
BC 4.72 1 4.72 0.66 0.442 3 Not significant
A2 1 377.67 1 1377.67 193.44 <0.000 1 Significant
B2 7.36 1 7.36 1.03 0.343 2 Not significant
C2 440.56 1 440.56 61.86 0.000 1 Significant
Residual 49.85 7 7.12 - - -
Lack of fit 30.69 3 10.23 2.14 0.238 5 Not significant
Pure error 19.16 4 4.79 - - -
Cor total 7 626.96 16 - - - -
DLC Model 258.02 9 28.67 46.03 <0.000 1 Significant
A-C(SCE) 51.29 1 51.29 82.36 <0.000 1 Significant
B-m(SCE)∶m(HAP) 123.59 1 123.59 198.43 <0.000 1 Significant
C-m(PSI)∶m(HAP) 7.75 1 7.75 12.44 0.009 6 Significant
AB 22.31 1 22.31 35.81 0.000 6 Significant
AC 0.000 188 2 1 0.000 188 2 0.000 302 2 0.986 6 Not significant
BC 0.053 1 0.053 0.086 0.778 2 Not significant
A2 40.23 1 40.23 64.59 <0.000 1 Significant
B2 0.62 1 0.62 1 0.350 1 Not significant
C2 8.94 1 8.94 14.36 0.006 8 Significant
Residual 4.36 7 0.62 - - -
Lack of fit 3.62 3 1.21 6.56 0.050 4 Not significant
Pure error 0.74 4 0.18 - - -
Cor total 262.38 16 - - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077420810372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

分别用于表示不同模型的显著性和拟合度的选定响应ANOVA和统计参数汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Parameter Source Sum of squares df Mean square F value P value Interpretation
EE Model 7 577.11 9 841.9 118.21 <0.000 1 Significant
A-C(SCE) 1 043.94 1 1 043.94 146.58 <0.000 1 Significant
B-m(HAP)∶m(SCE) 4 553.76 1 4 553.76 639.39 <0.000 1 Significant
C-m(PSI)∶m(HAP) 18.66 1 18.66 2.62 0.149 6 Not significant
AB 0.14 1 0.14 0.02 0.892 4 Not significant
AC 14.88 1 14.88 2.09 0.191 6 Not significant
BC 4.72 1 4.72 0.66 0.442 3 Not significant
A2 1 377.67 1 1377.67 193.44 <0.000 1 Significant
B2 7.36 1 7.36 1.03 0.343 2 Not significant
C2 440.56 1 440.56 61.86 0.000 1 Significant
Residual 49.85 7 7.12 - - -
Lack of fit 30.69 3 10.23 2.14 0.238 5 Not significant
Pure error 19.16 4 4.79 - - -
Cor total 7 626.96 16 - - - -
DLC Model 258.02 9 28.67 46.03 <0.000 1 Significant
A-C(SCE) 51.29 1 51.29 82.36 <0.000 1 Significant
B-m(SCE)∶m(HAP) 123.59 1 123.59 198.43 <0.000 1 Significant
C-m(PSI)∶m(HAP) 7.75 1 7.75 12.44 0.009 6 Significant
AB 22.31 1 22.31 35.81 0.000 6 Significant
AC 0.000 188 2 1 0.000 188 2 0.000 302 2 0.986 6 Not significant
BC 0.053 1 0.053 0.086 0.778 2 Not significant
A2 40.23 1 40.23 64.59 <0.000 1 Significant
B2 0.62 1 0.62 1 0.350 1 Not significant
C2 8.94 1 8.94 14.36 0.006 8 Significant
Residual 4.36 7 0.62 - - -
Lack of fit 3.62 3 1.21 6.56 0.050 4 Not significant
Pure error 0.74 4 0.18 - - -
Cor total 262.38 16 - - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077492113541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.11, caption=

Model summary statistics of EE and DLC

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Response r2 Adj r2 Pred r2 Adequate precision CV/%
EE 0.993 5 0.985 1 0.931 7 34.475 5.47
DLC 0.983 4 0.962 0 0.774 7 22.148 8.87
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077555028102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

包封率和载药量的模型摘要统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Response r2 Adj r2 Pred r2 Adequate precision CV/%
EE 0.993 5 0.985 1 0.931 7 34.475 5.47
DLC 0.983 4 0.962 0 0.774 7 22.148 8.87
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077613748359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=EN, label=Tab.12, caption=

EE and DLC of the final regorafenib-PSI-HAP preparations. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples EE/% DLC/%
1 47.5 13.27
2 51.31 14.19
3 55.14 15.08
x -±s 51.32±3.82 14.15±091
), ArticleFig(id=1197102077680857224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741161865396400, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP终制剂的EE和DLC. n=3, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Samples EE/% DLC/%
1 47.5 13.27
2 51.31 14.19
3 55.14 15.08
x -±s 51.32±3.82 14.15±091
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新型“硬核软膜”结构纳米缓释制剂对瑞戈非尼的载药实验研究
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刘丹 , 王宏远 , 王晶华 , 范兴君 , 王强 , 刘佳维 , 佟雷 , 翟凤国 * , 于凤波 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(4): 311-323
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(4): 311-323
新型“硬核软膜”结构纳米缓释制剂对瑞戈非尼的载药实验研究
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刘丹, 王宏远, 王晶华, 范兴君, 王强, 刘佳维, 佟雷, 翟凤国*, 于凤波*
作者信息
  • 牡丹江医学院, 黑龙江 牡丹江 157011
  • 刘丹,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:新型纳米递药系统的研究

通讯作者:

*翟凤国,女,博士,教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:新药药理学 Tel:(0453)6984669;
于凤波,女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:新型纳米递药系统的研究 Tel:(0453)6984683
A Novel Nano Sustain-Released Drug Delivery System Encapsulated Regorafenib with a Hard Core-Soft Film Structure
LIU Dan, WANG Hongyuan, WANG Jinghua, FAN Xingjun, WANG Qiang, LIU Jiawei, TONG Lei, ZHAI Fengguo*, YU Fengbo*
Affiliations
  • Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
出版时间: 2024-02-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.04.004
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目的 建立的一种新型的、以聚丁二酰亚胺(polysuccinimide,PSI)与羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HAP)为基本构成成分的纳米缓释递药系统PSI-HAP,并对抗肿瘤药物瑞戈非尼的载药释药能力进行研究。方法 本实验合成了制剂所需辅料HAP与PSI;建立了紫外分光光度法对瑞戈非尼的含量进行检测;采用单因素结合响应面曲线法(box-behnken design,BBD)对不同方式制备的瑞戈非尼纳米缓释递药系统的处方与工艺进行考察;对制剂的载药与释药能力、制剂形态,Zeta电位与粒径等制剂学性质进行了考察。采用荧光染料尼罗红对载药PSI-HAP纳米粒进行标记,通过小动物活体成像技术观察纳米粒在小鼠体内的分布情况。结果 经紫外扫描确定瑞戈非尼检测波长为264 nm,标准曲线为A=94.461ρ+0.030 4,r2=0.999 8,精密度准确度实验显示,瑞戈非尼在0.002~0.02 mg·mL-1内线性关系良好;BBD确定采用乳液法制备瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂处方为药物浓度7.28 mg·mL-1,HAP与药物质量比为0.63,PSI与HAP质量比为3.93;体外释放实验结果显示,该递药系统具备pH敏感性,在pH值大于7时,药物会得到较为完全的释放。扫描电镜(SEM)结果显示,制剂粒径在300 nm上下,Zeta电位为负,与人体生物膜荷电性相同。体内分布实验结果显示,PSI-HAP制剂可显著延长制剂在动物体内的滞留时间。结论 本实验建立的新型纳米递药系统的制备工艺极其简单,易于灭菌,无需高压、挤压、过滤等工艺即可制备出粒径均一的纳米粒子,药物释放平稳且具备pH敏感性,PSI与纳米HAP都具备抗肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,非常适用于抗肿瘤药物的体内递送。

“硬核软膜”结构  /  纳米缓释  /  瑞戈非尼  /  pH敏感  /  单因素结合响应面曲线法

OBJECTIVE To establish a nano sustained release drug delivery system polysuccinimide(PSI) and hydroxyapatite(HAP) with a hard core-soft coating structure and study the delivery of anti-tumor drug regorafenib. METHODS HAP and PSI were synthesize in the article. The optimal formulation and preparation process of the regorafenib-PSI-HAP was determined by single factor analysis and the box-behnken design(BBD) response surface method. The encapsulation efficiency, drug loading captivity, drug release in vitro, particle size and distribution, Zeta potential and SEM images of regorafenib-PSI-HAP were examined. RESULTS The UV spectrophotometry results showed that the maximum absorption wave of the regorafenib was at 264 nm, the stand curve was A=94.461ρ+0.0304, r2=0.999 8. Meanwhile, between the 2-20 μg·mL-1 of the regorafenib solutions possessed a good linear relationship at this wave. The optimal formulation prepared using MEM detected by BBD was that the concentration of regorafenib was 7.28 mg·mL-1, the mass ratio of HAP to regorafenib was 0.63, and the mass ratio of PSI to HAP was 3.93. The in vitro drug release test showed that PSI-HAP exhibited pH-sensitive drug release, the regorafenib-PSI-HAP can be released totally above pH 7 solution. The PSD was around 300 nm, and Zeta potential was between -10 and -17 mV which was similar to the human cell membrane. CONCLUSION The proposed drug delivery system can be integrated into non-agglomerated spherical nanoparticles of uniform size through a facile preparation process. The particles are easy to sterilize, and large-scale production may be achieved easily. The drug release of PSI-HAP is pH sensitive and stable. Both PSI and nano HAP possess the effect of anti-tumor cell proliferation which is very suitable for the delivery of anti-tumor drugs such as regorafenib in vivo.

“hard core-soft film” structure  /  nano sustained-release drug delivery system  /  regorafenib  /  pH sensitivity  /  box-behnken design response surface method
刘丹, 王宏远, 王晶华, 范兴君, 王强, 刘佳维, 佟雷, 翟凤国, 于凤波. 新型“硬核软膜”结构纳米缓释制剂对瑞戈非尼的载药实验研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (4) : 311 -323 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.04.004
LIU Dan, WANG Hongyuan, WANG Jinghua, FAN Xingjun, WANG Qiang, LIU Jiawei, TONG Lei, ZHAI Fengguo, YU Fengbo. A Novel Nano Sustain-Released Drug Delivery System Encapsulated Regorafenib with a Hard Core-Soft Film Structure[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (4) : 311 -323 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.04.004
瑞戈非尼(regorafenib)是一种新型的多激酶抑制剂,能抑制肿瘤组织血管形成和调控肿瘤微环境,具有良好的抗肿瘤活性[1]。临床研究证实,瑞戈非尼可用于经标准方案治疗失败的转移性结直肠癌和转移性胃肠道间质瘤的治疗,可显著延长此类患者的疾病无进展存活期和总存活期[2-3]。临床研究报道,在瑞戈非尼治疗组中有2.3%的患者因药物相关不良反应而停止治疗,而在安慰剂组患者则为1.5%[4]。接受瑞戈非尼片治疗的最明显的毒性反应为药物性肝损伤、出血、皮肤毒性(掌足红肿和皮疹)、高血压、心脏缺血性反应及胃肠穿孔。发生最频繁的不良反应为疲乏、无力、食欲下降、进食量减少、掌足红肿综合征、腹泻、黏膜炎、感染、高血压及发声困难等[5]。为减少上述药物应用产生的毒副作用,本实验拟通过新型纳米缓释递药系统的应用来改变瑞戈非尼的给药方式、人体吸收部位与药物释放等特性,以期达到降低药物使用量及毒副作用的目的。
聚丁二酰亚胺(polysuccinimide,PSI)-羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HAP)(PSI-HAP)纳米缓释递药系统具备“硬核软膜”结构(图1),其辅料基础主要为两种成分:一种是具备高吸附性能的羟基磷灰石作为制剂载药核心的“硬核”;一种是以聚丁二酰亚胺或其衍生物(X-PSI,X为具备功能性的分子基团)作为衣膜材料的“软膜”。
本课题组前期研究首次发现并已证实PSI或X-PSI与HAP在溶液状态下,经简单混合后,即可自发形成粒径均一的纳米粒子PSI-HAP或X-PSI-HAP,这一过程无需复杂的工艺制备条件,仅需超声和搅拌条件即可迅速完成,易于灭菌与生产转化。图1中的1号小球即是以PSI作为衣膜材料制备的,2、3号小球是以X-PSI为衣膜材料制备的,其中X基团可以是制剂学中常用的诸如聚乙二醇(PEG)基团、具备温敏、光敏等作用的分子基团,或是具有主动寻靶功能的配体、抗体等功能性分子基团。X-PSI的制备也非常的简单,仅需将分子末端带有伯氨基团的功能性分子X与PSI在溶液中混合一定时间,无需加入催化剂就可将X基团接入PSI从而制备X-PSI。该递药系统可用于口服、吸入、植入及注射等体内多途径给药。
递药系统中的HAP是一种微溶于水的弱碱性磷酸钙盐,是人体骨骼和牙齿的主要构成成分,HAP表面同人体组织可通过键合作用达到完全的亲和,并逐步被体液溶解和组织吸收而导致解体,具有出色的生物相容性、骨传导性、良好的细胞黏附性、优良的生物降解性与非炎性特性[6-7]。HAP制备方法众多,合成所需原材料成本低廉、易得。据文献[8]报道,纳米HAP能通过癌细胞细胞膜通道,进入癌细胞内部,进而抑制癌细胞的生长。
PSI是一种可生物降解的无毒无定形聚合物,可通过无有机溶剂方法从天冬氨酸单体经脱水直接缩聚而成,反应符合绿色化学原则[9],生产转化难度很低。PSI在水溶液中会与OH-发生开环反应,生成水溶性聚天冬氨酸(PAA),这种水溶性衍生物具有蛋白质样结构,可以在体内溶酶体酶的存在下发生生物降解[10]。PSI衍生物常被用于pH敏感型及控释型凝胶载药[11-14]、pH敏感兼具温敏性凝胶载药[15]、pH敏感及控释型胶束载药[16-18],以及CO2响应型凝胶载药[19]等等。PSI极性较低,是一种易于渗透到肿瘤细胞中的膜向性聚合物,进入细胞后,PSI的酰亚胺键的水解会显著改变肿瘤细胞内pH值,导致肿瘤细胞代谢凋亡的主要酶途径被阻断,从而达到抑制肿瘤发生、发展的作用,其抗肿瘤作用在多种肿瘤细胞体内外实验中得到验证[20]。此外,PSI的酰亚胺环在不需催化剂的存在下,即可与-NH2基团发生反应,引入新的修饰性基团,同时保留其生物降解性与生物相容性[21],因此可不通过催化剂的使用,就可以将一端带有-NH2基团的PEG分子接入到PSI结构中制备衣膜材料(图1中2,3号小球的制备)。
鉴于这两种制剂辅料皆具备抗肿瘤作用,理论上尤其适合抗肿瘤药物瑞戈非尼的载药。本研究主要报道了瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP(1号小球)制剂的制备,该制剂可经口服给药在肠道内释放,也可通过静脉注射全身给药。
瑞戈非尼(20210509,上海升德医药科技有限公司);Tween-80(EZ5679B162,德国BioFroxx有限公司);甲苯,氨,磷酸,无水乙醇,无水碳酸钠,结晶氯化钙,磷酸氢二钠,氢氧化钠,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,硝酸钙,磷酸氢二铵,氢氧化钙,L-天冬氨酸均为试剂纯。
分析天平(AUX200,日本岛津公司);磁力控温搅拌器(RCH-1000,东京理化器械株式会社,日本);实验室超纯水机(QRHO-100L,东莞市谦和水处理工程有限公司);超声波清洗器(KQ-100DB,昆山市超声仪器有限公司);恒温水浴锅(B260,上海亚荣生化仪器厂);旋转蒸发仪(R-205,上海申胜生物技术有限公司);精密定时电动搅拌器(JJ-1,常州融化仪器制造有限公司);水平摇床(TS-1000,其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司);高速离心机(TGL-16G,上海安亭科学仪器厂);真空冷冻干燥机(ZD-F12,南京载智自动化设备有限公司);紫外可见分光光度计[UV-1800,岛津仪器(苏州)有限公司];傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Nicoet is5,赛默飞世尔科技公司);扫描电镜(TEM,JEOL2100F,日本电子);场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM,Merlin,德国蔡司公司); 激光粒度仪(ZS90,马尔文公司);小动物活体成像仪(LB983NC100,德国伯托Berthold公司)。
精密称取瑞戈非尼原料25.0 mg,置25 mL量瓶中,加适量无水乙醇溶液超声(50 W,40 kHz)溶解,定容,制得质量浓度1 mg·mL-1的瑞戈非尼储备液。精密量取瑞戈非尼储备液0.5 mL,置于50 mL量瓶中,用无水乙醇溶液定容至刻度,制得质量浓度为0.010 mg·mL-1的瑞戈非尼对照液,190~1 100 nm波长范围内对其进行扫描,确定检测紫外吸收的波长。配置质量浓度为0.002、0.004、0.006、0.008、0.010、0.012、0.020 mg·mL-1的标准溶液测定吸光度(A),绘制标准曲线。
精密量取瑞戈非尼原料药,配置成高、中、低3个质量浓度(20,10,2 μg·mL-1)储备液各25 mL,按照处方量加入空白PSI-HAP制剂,以无水乙醇溶液作空白,在264 nm处连续测定3次,计算测定结果平均值与真实值之差及其可信度,测定方法的回收率。
重复性:配制瑞戈非尼溶液6份(10 μg·mL-1,每份10 mL),以无水乙醇溶液作空白对照,于264 nm处测定吸光度,计算相对标准偏差(RSD)值,测定方法的重复性。
日内及日间精密度:每次配制高、中、低3个质量浓度瑞戈非尼溶液(20,10,2 μg·mL-1)10 mL,1 d内重复测定5次,计算日内精密度;不同溶液样品连续测定5 d,计算日间精密度。
配制高、中、低质量浓度瑞戈非尼溶液(20,10,2 μg·mL-1)各25 mL,置于室温环境中放置,以无水乙醇溶液作空白,分别于0,6,12 h测定吸光度值,计算相对标准偏差(RSD)值,测定测试样品的溶液稳定性。
本研究主要考察了以下4种方式制备的HAP在瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂中的载药情况。
5 mL的Tween-80溶于25 mL的甲苯中,加入到60 mL的1 mol·L-1的Na2CO3溶液中,超声20 min(60 ℃,35 kW)。将得到的溶液转移到滴定管中,搅拌,缓慢滴加到0.2 mg·L-1CaCl2的室温溶液中,得到沉淀。过滤沉淀物,用蒸馏水洗涤,80 ℃,干燥12 h,得CaCO3粉末。将1.0 g合成的CaCO3粉末加入200 mL蒸馏水中,搅拌形成悬浮液,60 ℃,2 mL·min-1的速度滴入Na2HPO4(200 mL,0.03 mol·L-1)溶液中。200 mg·mL-1 NaOH水溶液调节pH值至11,60 ℃,继续搅拌1 h。过滤收集产物,用蒸馏水洗涤至中性后,再用乙醇洗涤便于干燥,80 ℃干燥12 h后,于650 ℃煅烧30 min,得HAP固体。
将0.3 mol·L-1的H3PO4水溶液向高速搅拌下的0.5 mol·L-1的Ca(OH)2悬浮液中滴加,维持体系的pH值在9~12的范围。将反应后的沉淀在-25 ℃下冻结后,置于0 ℃真空干燥得HAP粉末。
在室温条件下,将60 mmol·L-1 Na2HPO4水溶液缓慢滴加到CaCl2溶液中,用1 mol·L-1的NaOH调节溶液pH为9左右,搅拌反应6 h。反应结束后将反应体系放在37 ℃环境中陈化4 d,得到HAP沉淀,将沉淀离心洗涤3次,干燥研磨得到干燥的HAP粉末。
分别配制0.50 mol·L-1的Ca(NO3)2水溶液和0.30 mol·L-1的(NH4)2HPO4水溶液,并用氨水分别调节溶液的pH=10.5,按Ca/P=1.67(摩尔比)的比例,在搅拌条件下将(NH4)2HPO4水溶液逐滴滴入Ca(NO3)2水溶液中,滴加过程中用氨水维持反应体系的pH为10.5。物料滴加完毕后,将白色溶液转移到100 mL圆底烧瓶中,密封并在180 ℃下水热处理6 h。自然冷却至室温后经抽滤,蒸馏水洗涤后,80 ℃烘箱干燥24 h得到HAP固体粉末。
在250 mL圆底烧瓶中混合L-天冬氨酸(10.0 g),磷酸(体积分数85%,6 mL)和蒸馏水(1 mL),170 ℃,真空反应1 h。反应结束后,降温至100 ℃,加入60 mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解。搅拌条件下(700 r·min-1),将溶液缓慢滴入500 mL蒸馏水中,过滤收集产物,蒸馏水和二氯甲烷或正丁醇等洗涤至pH中性后,80 ℃干燥。
课题组前期实验已经证实了采用MEM制备PSI-HAP时,PSI与HAP质量比(可成球比)在3∶1至5∶1间可形成均匀的纳米球形粒子,而这个比值对LPR制备的HAP来说是在8∶1左右,PM和HM在20∶1左右。因此,在上述实验基础上,本实验首先固定PSI与HAP的质量比,MEM 4∶1,LPR 8∶1,PM与HM 20∶1,来考察瑞戈非尼浓度对PSI-HAP包封率与载药量的影响。
在室温条件下,分别称量不同质量瑞戈非尼加入10 mL水溶液,配制质量浓度为1,5,10,15,20 mg·mL-1药物混悬液,按照10 mg·mL-1加入HAP后,在搅拌条件(800 r·min-1)下,滴入含有PSI的二甲基甲酰胺溶液(约100 mg·mL-1),滴加完毕后,高速离心,收集上清液,无水乙醇溶液进行多次洗涤,将未包载药物充分溶解于洗涤液后,合并洗涤液与上清液,定容,测定A值,计算包封率与载药量。
在室温条件下,固定瑞戈非尼质量浓度为5 mg·mL-1,选取MEM制备HAP进行实验,固定PSI与HAP质量比4∶1,考察HAP质量浓度(1,5,10,15,20,25 mg·mL-1)对制剂载药与包封能力的影响,实验操作同“1.5.1”项。
PSI浓度:确定药物的质量浓度为5 mg·mL-1,HAP 10 mg·mL-1(m药物-mHAP=1∶2),固定上述已确定制备条件,考察PSI溶液质量浓度(25,50,100,150,200 mg·mL-1)对瑞戈非尼的包封与载药能力影响。
制备工艺条件:本实验考察了搅拌加超声的双重条件下,是否会对药物的包封达到有益的效果,在维持上述已确定实验条件同时,考察超声对制备工艺的影响。
温度:在确定上述制备条件的基础上,考察制备温度对包封率与载药量的影响。
根据单因素考察结果,以药物浓度、HAP与药物质量比、PSI与HAP质量比为主要影响因素,采用BBD响应面曲线法进行实验设计,绘制响应面曲线图(Design-Expert 8.0),确定最终的处方与工艺。按照最终确定的处方与工艺,放大投样量(100倍),制备3批样品,测定其包封率与载药量、制剂形态、粒径及Zeta电位等制剂学性质。
取“1.5.4”项下制备的含瑞戈非尼的PSI-HAP 100 mg于离心管中,加入30 mL不同pH值的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)溶液中[含1 g·mL-1十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),pH=2.0、4.5、6.8、7.4、8.0],将离心管置于恒温摇床内[(37±0.5)℃,转速120 r·min-1],于1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12、24、36、48、72 、96、120 h取样5 mL,再补加5 mL(n=3),离心,无水乙醇洗涤,合并洗涤液与上清液,测定A值,按照所建立的标准曲线计算药物浓度与释放量,绘制药物释放曲线。
配制尼罗红溶液(1 mg·mL-1),按照“1.6”项下确定的处方及工艺加入HAP与瑞戈非尼药物,混匀后,滴入PSI溶液,滴加完毕后,离心洗涤干燥,制备瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP的含尼罗红制剂。取小鼠12只,雌性,SPF级,4~6周龄,体重25~30 g,随机分为4组:灌胃空白组(3只),尾静脉空白组(3只),灌胃给药组(3只),尾静脉给药组(3只);空白组给予9 mg·mL-1生理盐水混悬尼罗红,给药组给予PSI-HAP制剂(200 mg·kg-1)。小鼠于给药前12 h禁食、不禁饮。给药后,在0.5、1、2、3、6、9、12、24、48 h等不同时间点,对小鼠进行麻醉(异氟烷吸入),进行小动物活体成像,观察药物在体内分布情况及存留时间。设置仪器参数如下:选择模式(荧光光谱成像),固定激发波长(530 nm),用发射波长(600 nm)扫描。
紫外扫描结果(图2)显示,瑞戈非尼在264 nm处有最大吸收,瑞戈非尼在0.002~0.02 mg·mL-1范围内,线性关系良好,标准曲线为A=94.461ρ+0.030 4,r2=0.999 8。
结果表明,RSD<2%,该方法回收率符合要求,见表1
重复性与精密度实验结果显示,RSD<2%,见表2,表明该方法稳定可靠。
稳定性实验RSD<2%,表明待测试的样品溶液在室温条件下放置12 h内进行检测是稳定的(表3)。
经PSI包衣后,不同制备方式制备的瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂的红外图谱主要呈现的是PSI的红外特征峰:3 445 cm-1,-CO-N-伸缩振动峰;2 952 cm-1,-CH2-伸缩振动峰;1 716 cm-1,R-CO-R'酰胺键的羰基伸缩振动峰;1 394 cm-1,-C-N-伸缩振动峰(图3)。当制剂制备体系中的HAP浓度固定时,药物质量浓度在5与10 mg·mL-1时,制剂的包封率较高,当药物浓度继续增加后,包封率不增反降(表4)。分析可能的原因是,当制剂制备体系中的辅料HAP与PSI的用量一定时,PSI-HAP制剂对瑞戈非尼的药物包封能力是有一定限度的。因此,当体系中,药物浓度过高时,对制剂的整体包封率的提高是不利的,但药物浓度的增加对载药量的提高有一定的益处,只是这种载药量的提高与包封率的显著下降相比,所得益处并不明显。综合来看,MEM制备的瑞戈非尼PSI-HAP制剂在载药量与包封率上都具备明显的优势,这与课题组前期PSI-HAP对水溶性药物载药研究的实验结果是相同的。因此,在制备PSI-HAP制剂时,无论是对水溶性药物还是对水难溶性药物来说,当采用不同方式制备HAP时,随着PSI用量的增加,药物的包封率虽然会有所提高,但是这种包封率的提高并不显著,且还会导致制剂整体载药量的明显下降,因此,目前来说,对于PSI-HAP制剂的制备,MEM制备的HAP由于其成球比较低,因此所需PSI用量较少(PSI与HAP质量比在3∶1至5∶1间),是最为适合用来制备PSI-HAP制剂的方法。这也间接地证明了,在PSI-HAP制剂制备过程中,对药物负载的关键是HAP的存在,PSI用量的增加虽然对药物的包封有一定的益处,但对制剂整体载药量的增长是起到相反作用的。
根据“2.1”项下实验结果,确定瑞戈非尼质量浓度5 mg·mL-1,考察HAP浓度对MEM制备PSI-HAP制剂的影响,结果见表5
表5可以看出,当瑞戈非尼药物浓度固定时,随着HAP浓度的增加,包封率会有所提高,但当体系中HAP的浓度达到15 mg·mL-1后,HAP浓度的增加对制剂的包封率影响已经不明显。当制备体系中HAP质量浓度较低时(1 mg·mL-1),对瑞戈非尼药物的包封能力也是较弱的。从载药量的角度来看,随着HAP用量的增长,PSI用量也会增加,因此,HAP浓度的增加对制剂载药量的影响是负面的。
PSI浓度:确定药物的质量浓度为5 mg·mL-1,HAP的质量浓度为10 mg·mL-1,固定上述已确定制备条件,考察PSI溶液质量浓度(25、50、100、150、200 mg·mL-1)对MEM制备PSI-HAP制剂的包封与载药能力。结果见表6
从实验结果看,PSI浓度较低时,对包封率的提高有一定的益处,但这种包封率的提高对整体的载药量的影响并不明显。因此,可综合成本及有机溶剂去除难易等角度等考虑选择PSI浓度,本研究后续实验确定采用PSI的质量浓度为50 mg·mL-1左右。
制备工艺条件:在单因素考察基础上,以瑞戈非尼药物浓度5 mg·mL-1,HAP 10 mg·mL-1,PSI∶HAP质量比4∶1,PSI浓度50 mg·mL-1分别考察搅拌速度、搅拌与超声(50 W,35 kHz)同时使用条件下对制剂载药的影响。结果见表7
由结果可见,总体上来看超声对提高瑞戈非尼制剂的包封率是有益的,尤其是搅拌速率较低时,当搅拌速率达到1 000 r·min1后,这种对包封率的提高就不再明显,但整体上来看,无论是搅拌还是超声条件的加入,对载药量的影响并不明显。本研究最终确定在制备过程中采用超声加1 000 r·min1搅拌速度。
温度影响: 确定上述所有制备条件后,考察制备温度对制备制剂的影响,结果见表8
温度对PSI-HAP制剂的包封率和载药量影响不大,这与其他药物在PSI-HAP制剂的制备过程中产生现象相似。因此,选择室温(25 ℃左右)条件制备即可。总体上来看,PSI-HAP制剂对制备过程中的工艺条件并不十分敏感,在一定范围内都不会影响制剂的包封和载药。因此,十分适合大规模的生产转化。
根据单因素考察结果,以药物质量浓度(1~10 mg·mL-1)、药物与HAP质量比(3∶1~1∶3)、PSI与HAP质量比(3∶1~5∶1)为主要影响因素,采用Design-Expert 8.0软件设计,药物浓度、HAP∶瑞戈非尼质量比、PSI∶HAP质量比(表9)为影响因素进行实验设计,绘制响应面曲线图,确定最终的处方与工艺。
表10可以看出,一次项A(药物浓度),B(HAP与药物质量比),二次项A2,B2F值<0.001,说明药物的浓度以及药物与HAP的质量比对包封率的影响极显著,其他因素不显著,从F值的大小可以看出对包封率影响因素顺序为:B>A>C(PSI与HAP质量比),说明对包封率影响最为明显的是药物与HAP的质量比,而PSI与HAP对包封率的影响不显著。而对于载药量来说,一次项A,B,二次项A2F值<0.001,对载药量来说影响是极显著的,一次项C,交互项AB,二次项C2对载药量的影响显著,其他因素不显著,对载药量影响的因素顺序为:B>A>C,表明所考察的3个因素变化都会对载药量的变化产生显著性影响。其中,药物与HAP的比例对包封率和载药量变化都起到至关重要的作用,PSI与HAP的比例对包封率没有显著性影响,但是对载药量的影响较为显著。
表11可以看出,对于包封率和载药量来说,多元相关系数r2都在95%以上,说明二者的相关性都非常好。Adj r2和Pred r2二者的差值皆小于0.2,较为接近,说明该BBD方法建立的回归模型能充分说明工艺过程。变异系数(CV)<10%,表明实验的可信度和精确度高。精密度是有效信号与噪声的比值,大于4视为合理。从表11可以看出,拟合的回归方程符合以上检验原则,适应性较好。
图4显示了最佳处方为药物质量浓度(A)为7.28 mg·mL-1,m药物-mHAP(B)=0.63,mPSI-mHAP(C)=3.93,预测EE=59.12%,DLC=12.81%。确定的制备工艺为:在室温条件下,按处方称量HAP,加入到水溶液中制备HAP混悬液,在超声(50 W,35 kHz)与搅拌条件下(1 000 r·min-1),加入药物,待药物与HAP混合1 min后,滴入PSI二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基乙酰胺溶液(50 mg·mL-1),滴加完毕后,高速离心,收集上清液,无水乙醇溶液进行多次洗涤,洗涤次数不低于5次,收集样品,70 ℃干燥4 h。
按照上述所确定处方与工艺制备3批样品(1 000 mL),测定包封率与载药量,并进行药物释放研究。
表12可以看出,处方放大100倍后,所制备的制剂包封率与载药量与响应面曲线实验预测的结果低。产生的原因,一方面可能是由于实验设计方法产生的误差;一方面可能是由于样品放大后,实验室仪器设备不能满足大量的样品制备,这种误差在课题组对水溶性药物五味子提取物的负载实验中更为明显。因此,在PSI-HAP制剂的制备过程中,当制备的样品量放大后,需要对制备的工艺条件等重新进行细致的摸索。但鉴于PSI-HAP制剂所需的辅料和制备工艺都非常简单,因此,在工艺放大过程中,所需考虑的因素也非常少,十分利于制剂的生产转化。
PSI-HAP的药物释放具备pH敏感性,当pH较低时(2.0,4.5),药物的释放水平较低,120 h内的药物释放量在30%以下,当溶液pH值接近7左右时,药物释放量开始加大,pH 6.8溶液环境下,120 h的药物释放量可达到74%,当pH达到7.4以上时,120 h内的释放量可达到90%以上(图5)。从图5中本研究还可以看出,pH 7.4与8.0溶液环境下,药物的释放规律大体一致,在12 h内药物的释放速度较快,之后,趋于缓慢与平稳。此外,与前期水溶性药物的实验结果相比较,PSI-HAP对瑞戈非尼的释放时间有所延长。
载入药物后,3批瑞戈非尼制剂的粒径维持在300 nm左右,Zeta电位分别是-10.6,-10.1,-17.8 mV,整体为负值,与人体的生物膜相同,其中第3组制剂的Zeta电位比第1和第2组偏离较大(图6),分析原因可能是制备过程中清洗不完全,造成制剂表面吸附部分药物,或者是由于测试仪器的误差造成。此外,第2组和第3组测试样品中在5 μm处还存在少量的较大粒子峰,分析原因可能是由于放大后,实验室的超声(实验室仅有固定频率的超声仪1台)和搅拌仪器无法满足大量样品的制备,使PSI加入溶液后,无法快速在溶液中分布均匀,从而导致局部浓度过高,产生少量样品的聚集,而整个PSI-HAP制剂的制备过程中,又从未进行任何的过滤操作,因此导致产生了部分大颗粒的样品。这种现象,在实验室制备的其他药物的PSI-HAP制剂中也同样存在。这也提示,在PSI-HAP的实际生产过程中,需要对制备工艺条件中的搅拌和超声条件重新进行考察。
与前期课题组制备的空白PSI-HAP制剂相比(空白粒径在100~200 nm之间),工艺放大生产及载药后,粒径有所增大,粒子以球形或类球形为主,整体粒子仍维持在纳米级别(图7)。第3组样品有较大粒子存在,分析最可能的原因应该是制备过程中,超声或搅拌等条件不充分所导致的。
空白给药组中的口服给药组(Saline ig)在3 h,注射给药组(Saline iv)在4 h后,在体内即检测不到荧光分布。口服给药组(PSI-HAP ig)在2 h前的体内分布与空白组类似,在2 h后,至9 h之间,在体内各脏器中均可见较强的荧光分布,这种荧光分布12 h后开始消失(图8)。注射给药组的体内荧光强度分布要远低于口服给药组,在给药后2 h后,首先可在胸腔见微弱的荧光,3 h后腹腔可见荧光分布,6 h后荧光主要分布于胸腔,至24 h后消失。无论是口服给药还是注射给药,PSI-HAP于动物体内分布时间都要比空白组得到明显的延长。
本实验报道了一种新型的纳米缓释递药体系PSI-HAP的制备方法,该新型制剂具备“硬核软膜”的制剂结构,通过PSI与HAP的结合,既可避免无机材料HAP的突释和聚集,降低HAP粒径,又可进一步保护药物的稳定性,同时解决了有机聚合物PSI及其衍生物单独形成纳米胶束后物理稳定性差的问题,又增加了纳米制剂对药物的包封能力与载药量,二者相辅相成,缺一不可。通过衣膜PSI的修饰,还可使药物具备不同靶向性能。与脂质体制剂相比,制剂内核为强吸附性的固体核HAP,对药物的负载能力理论上优于脂质体,外膜PSI及衍生物的存在可避免纳米粒子的聚集和药物在储存过程中的泄漏问题。该递药系统从设计理论上尤其适合作为核酸、蛋白质及抗肿瘤药物的体内递送载体,可潜在用于核酸类药物的载药当中,为核酸类药物的运送提供一种新的给药途径。该递药体系具有pH敏感性,在pH值高于7以上的液体环境中药物释放较为完全,PSI及衍生物与HAP皆可体内降解吸收,适用于口服、植入、吸入与注射等多途径给药。该给药系统制备过程简单、条件温和、易于灭菌操作、可进行冻干保存,制剂物理化学稳定性良好,具备很高的生产转化性,是一种安全可靠的且具备广泛应用潜力的可灭菌型纳米缓释递药系统,尤其适合抗肿瘤药物的体内运载。
  • 中国博士后科学基金面上项目资助(2021M692734)
  • 广东省中医药局科研项目资助(20221447)
  • 黑龙江省教育厅省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目资助(2019-KYYWFMY-0003)
  • 牡丹江医学院博士科研启动基金资助(2021-MYBSKY-046)
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2024年第59卷第4期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.04.004
  • 接收时间:2022-10-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2024-02-22
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-14
基金
中国博士后科学基金面上项目资助(2021M692734)
广东省中医药局科研项目资助(20221447)
黑龙江省教育厅省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目资助(2019-KYYWFMY-0003)
牡丹江医学院博士科研启动基金资助(2021-MYBSKY-046)
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    牡丹江医学院, 黑龙江 牡丹江 157011

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*翟凤国,女,博士,教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:新药药理学 Tel:(0453)6984669;
于凤波,女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:新型纳米递药系统的研究 Tel:(0453)6984683
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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