Article(id=1195741159348813984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195741158056964822, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)04-0346-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.04.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1682092800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763016508184, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1708531200000, pubDateStr=2024-02-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763016508184, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763016508184, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763016508184, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195741158056964822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='4', pageStart='285', pageEnd='374', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763016507876, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763016622263, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195741637893730663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195741158056964822, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195741637893730664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195741158056964822, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=346, endPage=352, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195741159592083618, articleId=1195741159348813984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Quality Analysis of Xinnaojing Tablets Based on Multi-Index Comprehensive Evaluation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To analyze the quality status of Xinnaojing Tablets by multi-index comprehensive evaluation. METHODS Samples were tested according to the statutory standards. Several new methods were established and adopted for multi-index comprehensive evaluation. RESULTS All samples were qualified in statutory tests. But quality defects were found in some samples by multi-index comprehensive exploratory studies. The main problems involved poor quality of raw materials, low feeding, or lack of process control. CONCLUSION Multi-index comprehensive evaluation is more capable of evaluating the real quality status of Xinnaojing Tables. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of the midication, manufacturers should pay attention to the quality of raw materials and process control, especially on Borneolum Syntheticum, Aucklandiae Radix, and Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis.

, correspAuthors=DAI Zhong, MA Shuangcheng, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=HE Fengyan, NIE Lixing, ZHENG Xiaowei, WANG Qi, GAO Yan, GUO Rixin, GUO Lin, DAI Zhong, MA Shuangcheng), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195741434197361177, articleId=1195741159348813984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于多指标综合评价的心脑静片质量分析, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 通过多指标综合评价,对心脑静片的质量进行系统分析。方法 对抽检样品进行标准检验,并建立多个检测方法进行多指标综合评价。结果 标准检验全部抽样均合格,多指标综合评价探索性研究发现部分样品存在原料质量差、少投料或生产过程控制问题。结论 多指标综合评价更能反映制剂真实质量,建议企业关注冰片、木香、钩藤等药材的质量,加强生产过程控制,以确保制剂安全有效。

, correspAuthors=戴忠, 马双成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*戴忠,男,博士,研究员,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药质量评价 Tel:(010)67095268;
马双成,男,博士,研究员,博士生导师 研究方向:中药质量评价 Tel:(010)53852076
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何风艳,女,硕士,副研究员 研究方向:中药质量评价

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何风艳,女,硕士,副研究员 研究方向:中药质量评价

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何风艳,女,硕士,副研究员 研究方向:中药质量评价

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4-Chlorogenic acid; 6-Gentiopicrin; 7-3-O-Feruloylquinic acid; 8-Rutoside; 9-Chrysin-6-C-arabinosyl-8-C-glucoside; 10-Chrysin-6-C-glucosyl-8-C-arabinoside; 12-Rosmarinic acid; 13-Baicalin; 14-Berberine; 15-Norwogonin-7-O-glucuronide; 16-Norwogonin-8-O-glucuronide; 17-Chrysin-7-O-glucuronide; 18-Oroxylin A-7-O-glucoside; 19-5, 6, 7-Trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone-7-O-glucuronide; 20-Wogonoside; 21-Baicalein; 22-Wogonin; 23-Chrysin; 24-Oroxylin A; 1-3,5,11-Unknown peaks.

, figureFileSmall=Q7fN7aUUc2gjeiTIHDHVbw==, figureFileBig=SusHSHQt2kSsCh8CWQgNAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101854577443068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=CN, label=图1, caption=心脑静片超高效液相色谱(UPLC)指纹图谱

4-绿原酸;6-龙胆苦苷;7-3-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸;8-芦丁;9-白杨素-6-C-阿拉伯糖-8-C-葡萄糖苷;10-白杨素-6-C-葡萄糖-8-C-葡萄糖苷;12-迷迭香酸;13-黄芩苷;14-小檗碱;15-去甲汉黄芩素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷;16-去甲汉黄芩素-8-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷;17-白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷;18-千层纸素A苷;19-5,6,7-三羟基-8-甲氧基黄酮-7-O-葡萄糖醛苷;20-汉黄芩苷;21-黄芩素;22-汉黄芩素;23-白杨素;24-千层纸素A;1~3,5,11-未知峰。

, figureFileSmall=Q7fN7aUUc2gjeiTIHDHVbw==, figureFileBig=SusHSHQt2kSsCh8CWQgNAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101854669717757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Bar graph of mean contents of isocorynoxeine, corynoxeine, isorhynchophylline, rhynchophylline and vincosamide in Xinnaojing Tablets from two enterprises(A,B), figureFileSmall=X9SoA6W4qElPc/ujRVim0w==, figureFileBig=YSRR13Fs08mRlB5tQwSU8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101854753603838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=CN, label=图2, caption=两家企业(A,B)心脑静片中异去氢钩藤碱、去氢钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、钩藤碱和喜果苷的测定结果均值柱状图, figureFileSmall=X9SoA6W4qElPc/ujRVim0w==, figureFileBig=YSRR13Fs08mRlB5tQwSU8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101854820712703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=UPLC-MS/MS indetification of Nelumbinis Plumula

A-liensinine; B-neferine.

, figureFileSmall=bxCgDIQf+AT66dxZBXuZPQ==, figureFileBig=Ecb4Wt1eWU7s9tfbXeTmGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101854883627264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=CN, label=图3, caption=超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)鉴别莲子心

A-莲心碱;B-甲基莲心碱。

, figureFileSmall=bxCgDIQf+AT66dxZBXuZPQ==, figureFileBig=Ecb4Wt1eWU7s9tfbXeTmGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101854950736129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=UPLC-MS/MS indetification of Smilacis Radix et Rhiizoma

A-reference substance; B-samples; C-nagetive samples lack of Smilacis Radix et Rhiizoma; 1-Resveratrol.

, figureFileSmall=avhZq74UBUYrpxoys8YrsA==, figureFileBig=lJ5cmHkKsvR0E/a0ijH+Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101855022039298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=CN, label=图4, caption=UPLC-MS/MS鉴别铁丝威灵仙

A-对照品;B-供试品;C-阴性对照;1-白藜芦醇。

, figureFileSmall=avhZq74UBUYrpxoys8YrsA==, figureFileBig=lJ5cmHkKsvR0E/a0ijH+Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101855080759555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Boxplot of borneol content, figureFileSmall=ZDKiCe2w/oDDHUe97S6vHQ==, figureFileBig=U9bGCBE9JqsdkUQFhRtwDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101855139479812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=CN, label=图5, caption=龙脑含量测定结果箱式图, figureFileSmall=ZDKiCe2w/oDDHUe97S6vHQ==, figureFileBig=U9bGCBE9JqsdkUQFhRtwDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101855202394373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=TLC identification of Bovis Calculus Artifactus

A-Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm; B-Examine under daylight; 1-14-Samples of Xinnaojing Tablets; 15-Negative sample lack of Bovis Calculus Artifactus; 16-Hyodeoxycholic acid reference substance.

, figureFileSmall=7jRbmq7rKsKjI5qZPmFDoQ==, figureFileBig=5rZu/bhMiGEdbBWKWcx+dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101855265308934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=CN, label=图6, caption=人工牛黄的薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴别

A-UV365 nm下检视;B-日光下检视;1~14-心脑静片样品;15-缺人工牛黄阴性对照;16-猪去氧胆酸对照品。

, figureFileSmall=7jRbmq7rKsKjI5qZPmFDoQ==, figureFileBig=5rZu/bhMiGEdbBWKWcx+dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101855324029191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=TLC identification of Aucklandiae Radix

1-14-Samples of Xinnaojing Tablets; 15-Negative sample lack of Aucklandiae Radix; 16-Dehydrocostuslactone reference substance; 17-Costunolide reference substance; 18-Aucklandiae Radix reference drug.

, figureFileSmall=D2wLA7v+0sN9ihH5zQO3yQ==, figureFileBig=28NhmwJbEY98Wqk+zKiBRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101855424692488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=CN, label=图7, caption=木香的TLC鉴别

1~14-心脑静片样品; 15-缺木香阴性对照;16-去氢木香内酯;17-木香烃内酯;18-木香对照药材。

, figureFileSmall=D2wLA7v+0sN9ihH5zQO3yQ==, figureFileBig=28NhmwJbEY98Wqk+zKiBRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101855487607049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The chromatographic and mass spectral parameters of resveratrol, liensinine and neferine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component tR
/min
m/z
(Precursor ion)
m/z
(Product ion)
Q1 Pre Bias
/V
Collision energy
/eV
Q3 Pre Bias
/V
Resveratrol 5.39 227.10 143.10 27 24 13
115.00 26 38 17
Liensinine 6.27 611.30 206.10 -32 -35 -25
611.30 489.25 -32 -36 -20
Neferine 9.66 625.35 206.15 -24 -34 -16
625.35 489.20 -24 -35 -27
), ArticleFig(id=1197101855575687434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195741159348813984, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

白藜芦醇、莲心碱和甲基莲心碱的色谱及质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component tR
/min
m/z
(Precursor ion)
m/z
(Product ion)
Q1 Pre Bias
/V
Collision energy
/eV
Q3 Pre Bias
/V
Resveratrol 5.39 227.10 143.10 27 24 13
115.00 26 38 17
Liensinine 6.27 611.30 206.10 -32 -35 -25
611.30 489.25 -32 -36 -20
Neferine 9.66 625.35 206.15 -24 -34 -16
625.35 489.20 -24 -35 -27
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基于多指标综合评价的心脑静片质量分析
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何风艳 , 聂黎行 , 郑笑为 , 汪祺 , 高妍 , 郭日新 , 郭琳 , 戴忠 * , 马双成 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(4): 346-352
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(4): 346-352
基于多指标综合评价的心脑静片质量分析
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何风艳, 聂黎行, 郑笑为, 汪祺, 高妍, 郭日新, 郭琳, 戴忠*, 马双成*
作者信息
  • 中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 100050
  • 何风艳,女,硕士,副研究员 研究方向:中药质量评价

通讯作者:

*戴忠,男,博士,研究员,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药质量评价 Tel:(010)67095268;
马双成,男,博士,研究员,博士生导师 研究方向:中药质量评价 Tel:(010)53852076
Quality Analysis of Xinnaojing Tablets Based on Multi-Index Comprehensive Evaluation
HE Fengyan, NIE Lixing, ZHENG Xiaowei, WANG Qi, GAO Yan, GUO Rixin, GUO Lin, DAI Zhong*, MA Shuangcheng*
Affiliations
  • National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
出版时间: 2024-02-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.04.008
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目的 通过多指标综合评价,对心脑静片的质量进行系统分析。方法 对抽检样品进行标准检验,并建立多个检测方法进行多指标综合评价。结果 标准检验全部抽样均合格,多指标综合评价探索性研究发现部分样品存在原料质量差、少投料或生产过程控制问题。结论 多指标综合评价更能反映制剂真实质量,建议企业关注冰片、木香、钩藤等药材的质量,加强生产过程控制,以确保制剂安全有效。

心脑静片  /  质量评价  /  国家药品抽检

OBJECTIVE To analyze the quality status of Xinnaojing Tablets by multi-index comprehensive evaluation. METHODS Samples were tested according to the statutory standards. Several new methods were established and adopted for multi-index comprehensive evaluation. RESULTS All samples were qualified in statutory tests. But quality defects were found in some samples by multi-index comprehensive exploratory studies. The main problems involved poor quality of raw materials, low feeding, or lack of process control. CONCLUSION Multi-index comprehensive evaluation is more capable of evaluating the real quality status of Xinnaojing Tables. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of the midication, manufacturers should pay attention to the quality of raw materials and process control, especially on Borneolum Syntheticum, Aucklandiae Radix, and Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis.

Xinnaojing Tablet  /  quality evaluation  /  national drug sampling and inspection
何风艳, 聂黎行, 郑笑为, 汪祺, 高妍, 郭日新, 郭琳, 戴忠, 马双成. 基于多指标综合评价的心脑静片质量分析. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (4) : 346 -352 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.04.008
HE Fengyan, NIE Lixing, ZHENG Xiaowei, WANG Qi, GAO Yan, GUO Rixin, GUO Lin, DAI Zhong, MA Shuangcheng. Quality Analysis of Xinnaojing Tablets Based on Multi-Index Comprehensive Evaluation[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (4) : 346 -352 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.04.008
心脑静片由莲子心、珍珠母、槐米、黄柏、木香、黄芩、夏枯草、钩藤、龙胆、淡竹叶、铁丝威灵仙、制天南星、甘草、人工牛黄、朱砂和冰片16味中药制成。具有平肝潜阳、清心安神的功效,用于肝阳上亢所致的眩晕、卒中和高血压等症[1]。心脑静片为临床常用药,处方药味众多,成分复杂,而现行标准较为简单,相关质量评价报道较少。2021年,课题组开展了心脑静片国家药品抽检工作,旨在通过全国范围内生产、流通、使用各个环节的抽样,在标准检验的基础上,围绕药品的真实性、安全性、有效性等开展多指标综合评价探索性研究,以全面评价药品质量、发现潜在质量风险。本研究就研究方法、结果和发现的问题进行汇总,以期为该品种的质量提升和中成药质量评价提供参考。
本品全国有生产厂家3家,批准文号3个。本次在安徽、广东等19个省、自治区和直辖市抽到样品31批,涉及2个生产企业,2个批准文号。
本品标准收载于《中国药典》2015年版一部、第一增补本和2020年版一部。3份标准检验项目一致,包括【性状】【鉴别】【检查】和【含量测定】。【鉴别】项含显微鉴别1项,检测朱砂和珍珠母;薄层鉴别3项,分别以盐酸小檗碱、冰片、芦丁对照品和槐米对照药材为对照,鉴别黄柏、冰片和槐米。【含量测定】项使用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测黄芩苷的含量。
按照标准检验,31批样品全部合格。在检验中发现的主要问题是:冰片薄层鉴别项,虽然不同样品均可检出冰片斑点,但斑点大小相差较大。
本品为大处方制剂,而现行标准仅对部分药味进行控制,覆盖有限。处方中钩藤、莲子心、人工牛黄等,对制剂的功效也起到重要作用,标准中尚未体现。此外,标准中也未见安全性相关项目。
指纹图谱技术能够从整体上反映制剂的主要成分信息,因此采用超高效液相色谱技术,建立心脑静片的指纹图谱[2]。指纹图谱包含24个共有峰,采用对照品、对照药材比对,通过保留时间、紫外光谱、质谱数据的比较,结合文献检索,对其中19个色谱峰进行了鉴定和药味归属。心脑静片指纹图谱主要体现了黄芩(峰9,10,15~24)、槐米(峰8)、黄柏(峰4,7)、夏枯草(峰12)、龙胆(峰6)、钩藤(峰4)中的化学成分,具体成分信息见图1。全部样品相似度在0.996~1.000,一致性较好。受限于药味特点、在处方中所占的比例、所含成分高低等因素,部分药味中的化学成分在指纹图谱中并未体现,仍需采用其他技术作进一步评价。
本品药味众多,成分复杂,现行标准仅测定黄芩苷的含量,难以反映制剂整体质量。为了考察多个药味的投料情况,采用UPLC-MS/MS技术,建立绿原酸、龙胆苦苷、芦丁、甘草苷、甘草酸、迷迭香酸、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素、喜果苷[3]和钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、去氢钩藤碱、异去氢钩藤碱、黄柏碱的含量测定方法(另文发表)。
根据测定结果,参照部分药材在2020年版《中国药典》一部的含量限度,结合文献报道的转移率,认为龙胆、甘草、夏枯草、黄芩、黄柏投料情况较好。
喜果苷、异去氢钩藤碱、去氢钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、钩藤碱均为钩藤中的成分。测定结果显示,上述指标在2个厂家的样品中含量差异较大(图2)。中医传统认为钩藤息风定惊、清热平肝。现代药理学研究也证明钩藤碱类成分具有降血压活性[4-9]。钩藤在处方中用量第二,其功效与制剂疗效密切相关。钩藤为煎煮后入药,而钩藤碱类成分热不稳定,生产工艺参数不当会造成钩藤碱类成分的含量下降。另一方面,钩藤为多基原药材,不同品种的化学成分也存在一定差异 [10-12]。为了保证产品质量,建议企业尽量固定基原,以确保制剂疗效一致;关注工艺参数,以降低有效成分损失。
莲子心具有清心安神的功效,主成分异喹啉生物碱具有抗心律失常、降血压等广泛的药理作用。莲子心在处方中用量较小,UPLC指纹图谱中未见相关色谱峰。因此,采用HPLC-MS/MS技术,以莲心碱、甲基莲心碱为指标,建立莲子心的鉴别方法。
供试品溶液制备:取本品10片,除去包衣,研细,取约1片重,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入体积分数70%甲醇溶液50 mL,密塞,称定重量,超声处理(功率350 W,频率40 Hz)45 min,放冷,再称定重量,用体积分数70%甲醇溶液补足减失的重量,摇匀,滤过,精密移取续滤液1 mL于10 mL量瓶中,用体积分数70%甲醇稀释至刻度,摇匀,0.22 μm滤膜滤过,取续滤液,作为供试品溶液。
对照品溶液制备:取莲心碱、甲基莲心碱对照品适量,加体积分数70%甲醇溶液制成每1 mL含40、42 ng的混合溶液,作为对照品溶液。
阴性对照溶液制备:取原料药材,按处方制得缺莲子心阴性样品,照供试品制备方法制得阴性对照溶液。
色谱条件:采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm);流动相:以乙腈为流动相A,0.1%甲酸为流动相B,梯度洗脱:0~15 min:5%~15%A;15~16 min:15%~90%A;16~18 min:90%A;流速0.4 mL·min-1;进样量:1 μL;质谱条件:电喷雾离子源,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式;离子源温度300 ℃,加热模块温度400 ℃,脱溶剂温度250 ℃,雾化气流速3 L·min-1,加热气流速10 L·min-1,干燥气流速10 L·min-1;各化合物的质谱参数见表1。全部样品均可检出莲子心(图3)。
铁丝威灵仙祛风通络,是制剂治疗肝阳上亢所致的言语不清、手足不遂等症的物质基础之一,也是处方中唯一的非药典品种。为了考察药味的投料情况,采用HPLC-MS/MS技术,以白藜芦醇为指标,使用“2.1.3”项下莲子心鉴别项供试品溶液,建立铁丝威灵仙的鉴别方法。
对照品溶液制备:取白藜芦醇对照品适量,加体积分数70%甲醇溶液制成每1 mL含42 ng的溶液,作为对照品溶液。
阴性对照溶液制备:取原料药材,按处方制得缺铁丝威灵仙阴性样品,照供试品制备方法制得。
色谱条件:采用Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm);流动相:以乙腈为流动相A,水为流动相B,梯度洗脱:0~10 min:15%~20%A;10~11 min:20%~90%A;11~14 min:90%A;流速0.4 mL·min-1;进样量:1 μL;质谱条件:电喷雾离子源,负离子扫描,多反应监测模式;离子源温度300 ℃,加热模块温度400 ℃,脱溶剂温度250 ℃,雾化气流速3 L·min-1,加热气流速10 L·min-1,干燥气流速10 L·min-1;质谱参数见表1。全部样品均可检出铁丝威灵仙(图4)。
冰片具有开窍醒神,清热止痛等功效,是本品发挥疗效的重要物质基础之一。针对标准检验中发现的冰片薄层鉴别斑点相差较大的问题,采用GC法,以龙脑为指标,建立制剂中冰片的含量测定方法。
供试品溶液制备:取心脑静片10片,除去包衣,精密称定,研细,取约0.5 g,精密称定,置50 mL锥形瓶中,精密加入10 mL乙酸乙酯,称定重量,冰浴超声提取(功率300 W,频率40 kHz)20 min,放冷,用乙酸乙酯补足减失的重量,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,作为供试品溶液。
色谱条件:采用HP-INNOWAX毛细管柱(0.25 mm×30 m,0.25 μm);氮气为载气;分流进样,分流比30∶1;程序升温,初始温度130 ℃,保持20 min,10 ℃·min-1升至150℃,120 ℃·min-1升至240 ℃,保持15 min;进样口温度220 ℃;FID检测器温度280 ℃;进样量1 μL。
冰片为原粉入药,按照2020年版《中国药典》一部冰片项下龙脑限度,以转移率100%计,制剂中龙脑应不得低于每片10.6 mg。冰片易挥发,制剂过程中可能存在一定损失。以每片10.6 mg作为理论值,B厂家样品龙脑测定值均高于理论值的60%,A厂家样品测定值均低于理论值的32%,其中1批样品含量极低,仅为理论值的2.17%,提示A厂家存在冰片投料或生产过程控制问题(图5)。
薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴别人工牛黄、木香 针对药味特点,采用薄层色谱技术,建立人工牛黄和木香的鉴别方法。
供试品溶液制备:取本品10片,去包衣,研细,加入三氯甲烷20 mL超声30 min,过滤,滤液蒸干,加甲醇1 mL溶解,作为供试品溶液。
对照品溶液制备:取猪去氧胆酸、去氢木香内酯、木香烃内酯对照品适量,分别加乙酸乙酯制成每1 ml含1 mg的溶液,作为对照品溶液。
对照药材溶液制备:取木香对照药材0.4 g,加入甲醇20 mL超声20 min,过滤,滤液蒸干,加甲醇1 mL溶解,作为对照药材溶液。
阴性对照溶液制备:取原料药材,分别按处方制得缺人工牛黄、缺木香阴性样品,照供试品制备方法制得相应阴性对照溶液。
按照2020年版《中国药典》四部通则0502薄层色谱法试验,吸取供试品溶液5 μL、去氢木香内酯、木香烃内酯对照品溶液、对照药材溶液各1 μL,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上,以甲苯-乙酸乙酯(9∶1)为展开剂, 喷以2%香草醛硫酸试液,105 ℃加热,日光下检视鉴别木香;吸取供试品溶液、猪去氧胆酸对照品溶液各1 μL,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-冰醋酸-甲醇(20∶25∶2∶3)为展开剂,喷以10%硫酸乙醇试液,105 ℃加热,日光及UV365 nm下检视鉴别人工牛黄。
阴性对照均未见干扰,方法可行。全部样品均检出人工牛黄(图6);3批样品未检出木香(图7),提示木香存在原料质量或投料问题。
铁丝威灵仙可能存在与威灵仙混用的情况[13],为了考察投料真实性,采用高效液相色谱法,以齐墩果酸为指标,建立威灵仙的检查方法,全部样品均未检出[14]。结合“3.1.3”项下铁丝威灵仙鉴别结果,表明制剂投料使用铁丝威灵仙,无威灵仙掺伪情况。
黄柏常见关黄柏掺伪,为了考察制剂中是否存在关黄柏替代黄柏投料的情况,采用HPLC测定制剂中巴马汀与小檗碱峰面积的比值,根据文献[15]中黄柏、关黄柏两种成分的比值范围进行判断。结果表明,测定值均在黄柏范围之内,表明制剂中黄柏投料真实。
根据UPLC指纹图谱研究结果,制剂指纹图谱中可见多个与黄芩对照药材保留时间一致的特征峰,结合HPLC-MS/MS多指标含量测定结果,可以排除黄芩提取物替代黄芩投料的可能。
心脑静片处方中使用冰片,主含龙脑,可能含有毒性杂质樟脑[16-19]。在GC法测定冰片含量的同时,对樟脑进行检测。樟脑测定值为每片0~0.02 mg。2020年版《中国药典》一部冰片项下规定含樟脑不得过0.5%,按处方量折算制剂中樟脑应不得过每片0.1 mg。全部样品测得量均低于此限度。
处方中含朱砂,故参照2020年版《中国药典》四部2322汞、砷元素形态及价态测定法,采用液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱对制剂中二价汞进行检查。2020年版《中国药典》一部朱砂项下规定含二价汞不得过0.10%,按处方量折算,制剂中二价汞应不得过每片7.1 μg。测定结果二价汞为每片0.030~0.175 μg,均低于此限度。
朱砂[20]、黄芩[21]、黄柏[22]等原料药材可能存在非法染色风险,因此以红黄色系常用染料酸性红73、苋菜红、赤藓红、金橙Ⅱ、胭脂红、偶氮玉红、日落黄、亮黄、金胺O为指标,采用薄层色谱技术建立筛查方法。结果全部样品均未检出上述染料。
参照2020年版《中国药典》四部2341农药残留量测定法第一法,采用气相色谱技术对心脑静片中有机氯类农药残留量进行检测,结果均未检出。
按2020年版《中国药典》四部通则2321测定法,采用原子吸收法对心脑静片中铅、镉、铜的含量进行测定,采用原子荧光法对心脑静片中砷的含量进行测定。参照2020年版《中国药典》规定对部分药材“含铅不得过5 mg·kg-1、镉不得过1 mg·kg-1、砷不得过2 mg·kg-1、铜不得过20 mg·kg-1”,多数样品测定值低于此限度,2批样品铅含量超出限度(分别为12.2、34.8 mg·kg-1)。提示企业应关注原料药材重金属有害元素超标问题。
通过本次国家药品抽检工作,对心脑静片的质量进行了系统分析。标准检验全部抽样均为合格,但由于标准的局限性,检验结果难以反映制剂的真实质量状况。通过处方药物风险点分析,结合标准检验过程中发现的问题,采用多种技术手段开展探索性研究。根据多指标综合评价探索性研究结果,样品中未见非法染色、药材掺伪、农残超标等问题,整体投料情况较好,心脑静片质量较好。但部分样品存在原料药材质量差、少投料或生产过程控制问题,主要体现在木香、冰片、钩藤等药味。个别样品还存在重金属有害元素超标的情况,应引起重视。
为进一步提升药品质量,建议企业加强原料药材质量把控,规范投料,适当优化生产工艺参数,加强过程控制,以减少易挥发和热不稳定有效成分的损失,确保制剂疗效。
中成药多为复方制剂,基于标准形成的年代和研究基础,现行质量标准大多不能反映中成药的整体质量,简单依靠质量标准评价中成药质量存在很多问题。运用现代技术的多指标综合评价已成为中成药质量评价的重要手段,今后中成药的质量评价必然将充分利用这些技术并结合数据分析方法,可以更好地从整体评价中成药质量。
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2024年第59卷第4期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.04.008
  • 接收时间:2023-04-22
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2024-02-22
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-22
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    中国食品药品检定研究院, 北京 100050

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*戴忠,男,博士,研究员,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药质量评价 Tel:(010)67095268;
马双成,男,博士,研究员,博士生导师 研究方向:中药质量评价 Tel:(010)53852076
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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