Article(id=1195687996071653751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195707415279747621, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)03-0241-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.03.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1666627200000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763003833072, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1707321600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763008463352, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1763003833072, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-11-13, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763003833072, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763003833072, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195707415279747621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='193', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763008462972, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763009150406, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195710298666611616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195707415279747621, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195710298670805921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195707415279747621, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=241, endPage=248, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195687996268786041, articleId=1195687996071653751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Antiinflammation and Antihepatitis B Virus Effects of Extracts from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst., columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of petroleum ether fraction(AERP) and water soluble fraction(AERW) of Arnebia euchroma(Royle) Johnst. on acute liver injury in mice, and to isolate the effective components of petroleum ether fraction with better effect, and to study the antihepatitis B virus effect of its effective components. OBJECTIVE Forty eight C57 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups. After 14 days of administration, lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine(LPS/D-Galn) was used to induce acute liver injury with inflammatory infiltration at the last 2 hours. The liver and spleen index, the content of AST and ALT in mouse serum and the content of NO in liver homogenate were measured, and the pathological section of liver tissue was investigated. The petroleum ether extract was separated by normal silica gel, reverse silica gel and thin layer preparation plate, and four active naphthoquinones were obtained. The antihepatitis B virus activity of the four active naphthoquinones on HepG2.2.15 cells was detected by MTT method. RESULTS Both AERW high-dose group and AERP low-dose group can reduce the activity of AST and ALT in serum and the content of NO in liver tissue of mice to varying degrees, and improve the pathological changes of liver tissue to varying degrees. After comparative analysis, AERP has better liver protective and anti-inflammatory effects. The extraction method of AERP was optimized to obtain AERP with more effective components, and four active naphthoquinones were isolated: isovalerylshikonin, acetylshikonin, 2,3-dimethylpentenylshikonin and shikonin. Four active naphthoquinones have good inhibitory effects on HepG2.2.15 cells. CONCLUSION The results show that AERW and AERP have a good protective effect on acute liver injury. The liver protective effect of AERP is better than that of AERW. The four active components of AERP have a good inhibitory effect on HBV. AER extract has a significant liver protective effect, and the active components of AER have a significant inhibitory effect on hepatitis B virus.

, correspAuthors=QIN Dongmei, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=MENG Lingyu, LYU Bo, HOU Jinqiu, PAN Peiyan, DU Mengge, TIAN Xing, QIN Dongmei), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195688185566114565, articleId=1195687996071653751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=新疆软紫草有效成分分离及保肝抗HBV作用研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究新疆软紫草(AER)石油醚部位(AERP)及水溶性部位(AERW)对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,并对效果较好的石油醚部位进行有效成分分离,研究其有效成分抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)作用。方法 C57小鼠48只,随机分为6组,给药14 d后,在末次2 h采用脂多糖/D-氨基半乳糖(LPS/D-Galn)诱导制备炎症浸润性急性肝损伤模型,测定肝脾指数、小鼠血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)含量以及肝组织匀浆中的NO含量,并进行肝组织病理切片的考察。采用正相硅胶,反相硅胶,薄层制备板对石油醚提取物进行分离,得到4个萘醌类有效成分,采用MTT法检测4个萘醌类有效成分对HepG2.2.15细胞的抗乙型肝炎病毒活性。结果 AERW高剂量组和AERP低剂量组均可不同程度降低小鼠血清中的AST、ALT活性以及肝组织中的NO含量,并使肝组织病变不同程度地得到改善,对比分析后AERP具有更好的保肝抗炎作用,之后对AERP的提取方法进行优化,得到含有效成分更充分的AERP,并分离得到4个萘醌类有效成分:异戊酰紫草素、乙酰紫草素、2,3-二甲基戊烯酰紫草素和紫草素。4个萘醌类化合物对HepG2.2.15细胞均具有较好的抑制作用。结论 研究表明,AERW及AERP对急性肝损伤具有较好的保护作用,AERP的保肝效果优于AERW,AERP的4种萘醌类有效成分对HBV具有较好的抑制作用。综上所述,AER提取物具有显著的保肝作用,并且AER的有效成分对乙型肝炎病毒具有显著的抑制作用。

, correspAuthors=秦冬梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*秦冬梅,女,博士,教授 研究方向:中药民族药分离及其药效作用机制研究Tel:(0993)2057005
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孟凌宇与吕博为共同第一作者

孟凌宇,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药民族药分离及其药效作用机制研究;

吕博,男,学士,副主任药师 研究方向:医院药学和药物经济学。

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孟凌宇,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药民族药分离及其药效作用机制研究;

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孟凌宇,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药民族药分离及其药效作用机制研究;

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吕博,男,学士,副主任药师 研究方向:医院药学和药物经济学。

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吕博,男,学士,副主任药师 研究方向:医院药学和药物经济学。

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A-trends in body weight of mice; B-changes in liver index of mice; C-changes in spleen index of mice.

, figureFileSmall=iDa/5Fj2BLW7W3JaFaF5kA==, figureFileBig=mhNesE+gJI47s4y3yZNAjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101292511347277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=CN, label=图1, caption=小鼠体质量及各脏器指数变化.n=8,$ \bar{x} \pm s$

A-小鼠体质量变化趋势图;B-小鼠肝脏指数变化图;C-小鼠脾脏指数变化图。

, figureFileSmall=iDa/5Fj2BLW7W3JaFaF5kA==, figureFileBig=mhNesE+gJI47s4y3yZNAjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101292876251728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of AERW and AERP on serum AST and ALT in model mice.n=8,$ \bar{x} \pm s$

A-effects of AERW and AERP on serum AST in model mice; B-effects of AERW and AERP on serum ALT in model mice; 1) P<0.01,vs control group;2) P<0.01, vs model group.

, figureFileSmall=WoajysPWgANZlFE/372XuA==, figureFileBig=rNlw4yHQGY8qJAsSXIU/+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101292955943506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=CN, label=图2, caption=新疆软紫草脂溶性部位石油醚萃取物(AERW)和水提物(AERP)对模型小鼠血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)的影响.n=8,$ \bar{x} \pm s$

A-AERW、AERP对模型小鼠血清AST的影响;B-AERW、AERP对模型小鼠血清ALT的影响;与空白对照组比较,1) P<0.01;与模型组比较,2) P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=WoajysPWgANZlFE/372XuA==, figureFileBig=rNlw4yHQGY8qJAsSXIU/+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101293161464404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of AERW and AERP on NO secretion in mice liver tissue.n=8,$ \bar{x} \pm s$

1) P<0.05, vs control group;2) P<0.01, vs model group.

, figureFileSmall=DMgO+jvrDwzQSZhKQUyAXA==, figureFileBig=l97Q4x/88rmm4K1smAhJAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101293228573270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=CN, label=图3, caption=AERW和AERP对小鼠肝组织中一氧化氮(NO)分泌量的影响.n=8,$ \bar{x} \pm s$

与空白对照组比较,1) P<0.05;与模型组比较,2) P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=DMgO+jvrDwzQSZhKQUyAXA==, figureFileBig=l97Q4x/88rmm4K1smAhJAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101293308265048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of AERW and AERP on histopathological changes in mice liver(HE,×400), figureFileSmall=YWEC88yy7VX0WelRclg52A==, figureFileBig=qrk0RV1suNXGEZFNU9RqWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101293392151130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=CN, label=图4, caption=AERW和AERP对小鼠肝组织病理学改变的影响[苏木精-伊红染色(HE),×400], figureFileSmall=YWEC88yy7VX0WelRclg52A==, figureFileBig=qrk0RV1suNXGEZFNU9RqWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101293463454299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of four active components of petroleum ether fraction of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. on the survival rate of HepG2.2.15 cells.n=6,$ \bar{x} \pm s$

A-isovaleryl shikonin; B-acetylshikonin; C-2,3-dimethylpentenoyl-shikonin; D-shikonin; 1) P<0.05,2) P<0.01, vs control group

, figureFileSmall=J7BpylaGEIWNeq+QRm8ZMA==, figureFileBig=u4tsE2Tih8DoDKz4+SddLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101293547340380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=CN, label=图5, caption=新疆软紫草石油醚萃取物4个有效成分对HepG2.2.15细胞存活率的影响.n=6,$ \bar{x} \pm s$

A-isovalerylshikonin;B-acetylshikonin;C-2,3-dimethylpentenoylshikonin;D-shikonin;与空白对照组比较,1) P<0.05,2) P<0.01

, figureFileSmall=J7BpylaGEIWNeq+QRm8ZMA==, figureFileBig=u4tsE2Tih8DoDKz4+SddLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101293652197981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Details of effective components of petroleum ether extract of Arnebia euchroma(Royle) Johnst

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Number Name Formula Mr m/mg
1 WR2-34-2 Isovalerylshikonin C21H24O6 372.16 6 200
2 WR2-34-4 Acetylshikonin C18H18O6 330.11 43
3 WR2-35-3 2,3-Dimethylpentenoylshikonin C23H26O6 398.17 23
4 WR2-35-4 Shikonin C16H16O5 288.10 46
), ArticleFig(id=1197101293757055582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687996071653751, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

新疆软紫草石油醚萃取物有效成分表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Number Name Formula Mr m/mg
1 WR2-34-2 Isovalerylshikonin C21H24O6 372.16 6 200
2 WR2-34-4 Acetylshikonin C18H18O6 330.11 43
3 WR2-35-3 2,3-Dimethylpentenoylshikonin C23H26O6 398.17 23
4 WR2-35-4 Shikonin C16H16O5 288.10 46
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新疆软紫草有效成分分离及保肝抗HBV作用研究
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孟凌宇 1 , 吕博 2 , 侯金秋 1 , 潘培妍 1 , 杜梦鸽 1 , 田星 1 , 秦冬梅 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(3): 241-248
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(3): 241-248
新疆软紫草有效成分分离及保肝抗HBV作用研究
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孟凌宇1, 吕博2, 侯金秋1, 潘培妍1, 杜梦鸽1, 田星1, 秦冬梅1, *
作者信息
  • 1 石河子大学药学院/新疆植物药资源利用教育部重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832002
  • 2 石河子大学医学院第一附属医院, 新疆 石河子 832002
  • 孟凌宇,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药民族药分离及其药效作用机制研究;

    吕博,男,学士,副主任药师 研究方向:医院药学和药物经济学。

通讯作者:

*秦冬梅,女,博士,教授 研究方向:中药民族药分离及其药效作用机制研究Tel:(0993)2057005
Antiinflammation and Antihepatitis B Virus Effects of Extracts from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.
MENG Lingyu1, LYU Bo2, HOU Jinqiu1, PAN Peiyan1, DU Mengge1, TIAN Xing1, QIN Dongmei1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
  • 2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi 832002, China
出版时间: 2024-02-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.03.007
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目的 研究新疆软紫草(AER)石油醚部位(AERP)及水溶性部位(AERW)对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,并对效果较好的石油醚部位进行有效成分分离,研究其有效成分抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)作用。方法 C57小鼠48只,随机分为6组,给药14 d后,在末次2 h采用脂多糖/D-氨基半乳糖(LPS/D-Galn)诱导制备炎症浸润性急性肝损伤模型,测定肝脾指数、小鼠血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)含量以及肝组织匀浆中的NO含量,并进行肝组织病理切片的考察。采用正相硅胶,反相硅胶,薄层制备板对石油醚提取物进行分离,得到4个萘醌类有效成分,采用MTT法检测4个萘醌类有效成分对HepG2.2.15细胞的抗乙型肝炎病毒活性。结果 AERW高剂量组和AERP低剂量组均可不同程度降低小鼠血清中的AST、ALT活性以及肝组织中的NO含量,并使肝组织病变不同程度地得到改善,对比分析后AERP具有更好的保肝抗炎作用,之后对AERP的提取方法进行优化,得到含有效成分更充分的AERP,并分离得到4个萘醌类有效成分:异戊酰紫草素、乙酰紫草素、2,3-二甲基戊烯酰紫草素和紫草素。4个萘醌类化合物对HepG2.2.15细胞均具有较好的抑制作用。结论 研究表明,AERW及AERP对急性肝损伤具有较好的保护作用,AERP的保肝效果优于AERW,AERP的4种萘醌类有效成分对HBV具有较好的抑制作用。综上所述,AER提取物具有显著的保肝作用,并且AER的有效成分对乙型肝炎病毒具有显著的抑制作用。

新疆软紫草  /  抗乙型肝炎病毒  /  急性肝损伤  /  提取分离  /  HepG2.2.15细胞

OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of petroleum ether fraction(AERP) and water soluble fraction(AERW) of Arnebia euchroma(Royle) Johnst. on acute liver injury in mice, and to isolate the effective components of petroleum ether fraction with better effect, and to study the antihepatitis B virus effect of its effective components. OBJECTIVE Forty eight C57 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups. After 14 days of administration, lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine(LPS/D-Galn) was used to induce acute liver injury with inflammatory infiltration at the last 2 hours. The liver and spleen index, the content of AST and ALT in mouse serum and the content of NO in liver homogenate were measured, and the pathological section of liver tissue was investigated. The petroleum ether extract was separated by normal silica gel, reverse silica gel and thin layer preparation plate, and four active naphthoquinones were obtained. The antihepatitis B virus activity of the four active naphthoquinones on HepG2.2.15 cells was detected by MTT method. RESULTS Both AERW high-dose group and AERP low-dose group can reduce the activity of AST and ALT in serum and the content of NO in liver tissue of mice to varying degrees, and improve the pathological changes of liver tissue to varying degrees. After comparative analysis, AERP has better liver protective and anti-inflammatory effects. The extraction method of AERP was optimized to obtain AERP with more effective components, and four active naphthoquinones were isolated: isovalerylshikonin, acetylshikonin, 2,3-dimethylpentenylshikonin and shikonin. Four active naphthoquinones have good inhibitory effects on HepG2.2.15 cells. CONCLUSION The results show that AERW and AERP have a good protective effect on acute liver injury. The liver protective effect of AERP is better than that of AERW. The four active components of AERP have a good inhibitory effect on HBV. AER extract has a significant liver protective effect, and the active components of AER have a significant inhibitory effect on hepatitis B virus.

Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.  /  anti hepatitis B virus  /  acute liver injury  /  component extraction  /  component isolation  /  HepG2.2.15 cell
孟凌宇, 吕博, 侯金秋, 潘培妍, 杜梦鸽, 田星, 秦冬梅. 新疆软紫草有效成分分离及保肝抗HBV作用研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (3) : 241 -248 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.03.007
MENG Lingyu, LYU Bo, HOU Jinqiu, PAN Peiyan, DU Mengge, TIAN Xing, QIN Dongmei. Antiinflammation and Antihepatitis B Virus Effects of Extracts from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (3) : 241 -248 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.03.007
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)是肝癌的主要诱因[1]。据世界卫生组织统计,全球有2.57亿人患有慢性乙型肝炎,每年约有近88万人死于急、慢性乙型肝炎,其中大部分死于肝细胞癌和肝硬化[2]。引起急性肝损伤的因素较多,其中爆发性肝脏炎症是引起肝脏急性衰竭的主要原因[3]。研究发现,脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)是肝损伤发病机制中的关键因素,而D-氨基半乳糖(D-galactosamine,D-GalN)和LPS联合使用时又能加强LPS的急性毒性,因此使用D-GalN结合LPS可以成功诱导动物肝损伤模型,该模型也与人类肝炎模型非常相似[4]
新疆紫草[Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.,AER]又被称为新疆软紫草,据文献[5]报道,相较于内蒙古紫草,滇紫草等,新疆软紫草中紫草素及其衍生物含量达到2.01%。维吾尔医和中医药均将新疆软紫草用于治疗肿瘤、保肝抗炎、抗病毒及相关症状,并且其治疗病毒性肝炎、抗肝癌效果显著[6-7]。新疆软紫草化学成分分为脂溶性和水溶性两大部分,其中脂溶性的萘醌类化合物为其主要活性成分,大多数萘醌类化合物主要集中在新疆软紫草石油醚部位,水溶性化合物主要有酚酸类化合物、黄酮类化合物、多糖和糖蛋白等[6]。因此采用石油醚提取AER可充分得到脂溶性萘醌类成分。
因此本研究考察新疆软紫草脂溶性部位石油醚萃取物(AERP)及水溶性部位水提物(AERW)对LPS/D-Galn诱导的炎症浸润性急性肝损伤小鼠模型的保护作用。为了得到含活性成分萘醌类化合物更加丰富的AERP,本研究优化了提取方案,重新提取得到AERP,分离得到4个紫草萘醌类化合物,采用HepG2.2.15细胞验证其抗HBV活性,为未来AER在HBV及肝癌中的应用提供有用的临床价值。
48只♂C57小鼠,体重范围18~22 g,均购自新疆维吾尔自治区实验动物研究中心,生产许可证号:SCXK(新)2016-0001,使用许可证号:SYXK(新)2016-0001,按国家实验室动物饲养管理规范饲养,并经石河子大学医学院第一附属医院医学伦理委员会审核批准(批准号为:A2018-047-01)。
表达乙型肝炎病毒的肝癌细胞(HepG2.2.15细胞)购自上海瑾原生物科技有限公司,附带STR鉴定报告。在添加10% 胎牛血清、380 μg·mL-1 G-418以及体积分数1%青链霉素混合液的MEM培养基中于37 ℃、5%CO2和95%空气的湿润环境中培养,每2~3 d传代一次。
新疆软紫草(批号:20190830,新疆伊犁巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和静县);经由石河子大学药学院秦冬梅教授鉴定为新疆紫草[Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.],样本保存于石河子大学药学院新医药大楼天然产物制剂研发实验室。
脂多糖(批号:620V0324,北京索莱宝科技有限公司);D-氨基半乳糖(批号:011421210405,美国Bioworld公司);丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)试剂盒(批号:20210122)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)试剂盒购(批号:20210123)(南京建成生物工程研究所);盐酸萘乙二胺(批号:C10532008)和对氨基苯磺酸(批号:C10540076)(上海麦克林生化科技有限公司);二甲基亚砜(DMSO,批号:20170320)和无水乙醇(批号:20120806)(天津市致远化学试剂有限公司);石油醚(批号:20200726)和甲醇(批号:20200726)(天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司);体积分数95%乙醇(批号:20171013,国药集团化学试剂有限公司);乙酸乙酯(批号:20201020)和二氯甲烷(批号:20201120)(天津市北联精细化学品开发有限公司);正丁醇(批号:120830,天津市富宇精细化工有限公司);十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料(Octadecylsilyl,ODS)(50 μm,批号:14606,日本YMC公司);Sephadex LH-20凝胶(批号:SH00001,安发玛西亚生物技术(上海)有限公司);200~300目正相柱层析硅胶(批号:0100466)和300~400目正相柱层析硅胶(批号:0210096)(青岛海洋化工有限公司);薄层层析硅胶板(批号:20111209,烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司);C18反相硅胶板(60 RP-18 F254S,批号:HX381526,德国默克公司);MEM Alpha Basic(1×)培养基(批号:8120534),胎牛血清(FBS,批号:1828728)和0.25% Typsin-EDTA(1×)(批号:2323363,美国 Gibco 公司);青链霉素混合液(100×)(批号:20220414)和遗传霉素G-418 disulfate(批号:218L021)(Solarbio公司);PBS pH 7.2~7.4(1×)(批号:2021/12,北京博奥拓达科技有限公司);噻唑蓝(MTT)(BS186-250 mg,批号:22133476,Biosharp 公司)。
电子天平(FA210B,上海精密科学仪器有限公司);分析天平(BP211D,德国Sartorius公司);全波长扫描多功能读数仪(3001型,赛默飞世尔科技有限公司);旋转蒸发仪(EYELA N-1001型,上海爱朗仪器仪器有限公司);恒温水浴锅(EYELA SB-2000型,上海爱朗仪器仪器有限公司);低温冷却液循环泵(DLSB-5/20型,郑州长城科工贸有限公司);NMR(AM-400 spectrometer,美国布鲁克公司);真空干燥仪(DZF-6050型,上海新苗医疗器械制造有限公司);超纯水机(UPWS-I-10T型,杭州永洁达净化科技有限公司);倒置显微镜(CKX53型,日本Olympus 公司);CO2培养箱(3111型,美国 Thermo Fisher 公司);酶标分析仪(3001型,美国Thermo Fisher 公司);高速冷冻离心机(Legend Micro 21R型,美国 Thermo Fisher 公司);台式高速离心机(CenLee 16K型,湖南湘立科学仪器有限公司)。
取10 kg新疆软紫草干燥根,将其粉碎至粒径≤0.85 mm(20目)后加体积分数95%乙醇15 L进行室温浸泡,浸泡48 h后加入新的体积分数95%乙醇反复浸提,直至浸提液无色。收集浸提液旋蒸至膏状,即得体积分数95%乙醇提取物。取体积分数95%乙醇提取物浸膏加水混悬后用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、正丁醇按照1∶1体积依次萃取后得到剩余水层,选取石油醚部位以及水溶性部位备用。
水溶性部位用蒸馏水进行配制,设置为高剂量组(AERW-Ⅰ):200 mg·kg-1、低剂量组(AERW-Ⅱ):100 mg·kg-1,石油醚部位用橄榄油进行配制,设置为高剂量组(AERP-Ⅰ):60 mg·kg-1、低剂量组(AERP-Ⅱ):30 mg·kg-1
将♂C57小鼠分为6组,正常对照组、模型组LPS+D-Galn组、水溶性高剂量组(AERW-Ⅰ,200 mg·kg-1)、水溶性低剂量组(AERW-Ⅱ,100 mg·kg-1)、石油醚部位高剂量组(AERP-Ⅰ,60 mg·kg-1)、石油醚部位低剂量组(AERP-Ⅱ,30 mg·kg-1),每组8只。空白组和L/D组每天同一时间灌胃给予生理盐水,其余各组灌胃给予受试物,均按照0.02 mL·g-1进行灌胃给药,给药14 d;待末次给药2 h后给予造模剂,除空白组注射生理盐水外,其余各组均腹腔注射LPS+D-Galn(D-GalN:700 mg·kg-1;LPS:10 μg·kg-1)[8],观察小鼠状态,6 h后进行摘眼球采血,3 000 r·min-1,4 ℃,离心10 min,取上层血清,分装,存放于-80 ℃;剖取动物肝脏、脾脏拍照,称重后记录数据,后将肝脏分成两份,一份用质量分数 4%多聚甲醛固定,另一份保存于-80 ℃备用。
同“2.2.2”项下分组,实验期间,每天称量动物的体质量,记录动物体质量变化。
同“2.2.2”项下分组,末次给药前将每只实验小鼠进行称重,取出小鼠肝脏和脾脏,分别称定质量,记录质量。肝脾指数按公式1和公式2进行计算:
$ \text { 肝指数 }(\%)=\text { 肝脏质量/小鼠体质量 } \times 100 \%$
$ \text { 脾指数 }(\%)=\text { 脾脏质量/小鼠体质量 } \times 100 \%$
同“2.2.2”项下分组,采用保存于-80 ℃的血清样本,并按ALT和AST试剂盒说明书进行操作。
同“2.2.2”项下分组,采用经典的Griess法[9]检测小鼠肝组织匀浆中的NO含量。取100 μL组织匀浆,加入100 μL Griess试剂,摇床混匀后,5 min内用酶标仪测定550 nm处吸光度值。
同“2.2.2”项下分组,肝组织用质量分数 4%多聚甲醛固定,石蜡包埋,切片,HE染色,400倍光镜下观察肝组织形态学变化。
取新疆软紫草干燥根10 kg,将其粉碎后,每次500 g左右置圆底烧瓶中,石油醚没过药材浸泡过夜,次日在56~58 ℃热回流提取3次,时间分别为3,3,1 h。收集提取液浓缩得石油醚提取物(120.00 g)。提取过的药材另放置凉干后用体积分数60%乙醇水溶液浸泡过夜,次日在60~62 ℃热回流提取3次,时间分别为2,3,2 h,合并提取液浓缩得体积分数60%乙醇提取物浸膏。将浸膏用水混悬至适当体积后,分别用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取数次,得水层浸膏(225.93 g)、乙酸乙酯萃取物(54.69 g)、正丁醇萃取物(60.21 g),将上述提取物及浸膏放入-20 ℃保存备用。
石油醚提取物经200~300目正相硅胶色谱柱分离,石油醚-乙酸乙酯流动相体系(40∶1、30∶1、20∶1、15∶1、10∶1、8∶1、5∶1、1∶1)梯度洗脱,经薄层色谱(TLC)浸润硫酸乙醇显色剂观察划段,最终得到13个部分(WR2-33-1~WR2-33-13)。
WR2-33-4经300~400目正相硅胶色谱柱分离,二氯甲烷-石油醚(1∶5)为洗脱剂,得到粗WR2-34-2,粗WR2-34-2使用正相制备薄层色谱分离,二氯甲烷-石油醚(1∶5)为展开剂,最终得到纯WR2-34-2(6.2 g)。
WR2-33-8经300~400目正相硅胶色谱柱分离,二氯甲烷-石油醚(1∶5)为洗脱剂,得到WR2-34-3和粗WR2-34-4,将粗WR2-34-4使用ODS柱分离,体积分数93%甲醇水洗脱得到纯WR2-34-4(43 mg)。WR2-34-3经TLC鉴定与WR2-34-2为同一化合物,故合并后统一命名为WR2-34-2。
WR2-33-12经300~400目正相硅胶色谱柱分离,二氯甲烷为洗脱剂,最终得到WR2-35-3(23 mg)、WR2-35-4(46 mg)。
取对数生长期的HepG2.2.15细胞,稀释成单细胞混悬液,以1.15×104个接种于96孔培养板中,每孔100 μL,放置恒温培养箱中(37 ℃,体积分数5%的CO2),培养24 h后,弃去培养液,除空白对照组外,其余孔中加入含不同药液浓度的紫草脂溶性单体化合物WR2-34-2、WR2-34-4、WR2-35-3和WR2-35-4的培养基(脂溶性单体化合物均用DMSO溶解过滤后再用培养基稀释,最终DMSO在培养基中所占体积比为1∶1 000),每个浓度设置6个副孔,在培养箱中培养24 h后弃去带药培养基,加入含10%MTT溶液的新鲜培养基于每孔100 μL,孵育4 h后弃去含10%MTT培养基,每孔加入120 μL DMSO裂解细胞,于96孔板震荡混匀器上混匀5 min后,用酶标仪在波长490 nm处测量吸光度A490 nm值,按公式3计算细胞存活率。
$ \text { 细胞存活率 } \left.\%=\text {(药物组 } A_{490 \mathrm{~nm}} \text { 值/对照组 } A_{490 \mathrm{~nm}} \text { 值 }\right) \times 100 \%$
实验数据均采用SPSS 19.0以及GraphPad Prism 9软件进行统计分析和绘图,多组间分析采用单因素方差分析(One-WayANOVA),方差齐性检验,若齐则组间两两比较采用LSD法,不齐则采用Tamhane法,实验数据均采用均数±标准差($ \bar{x} \pm s$)表示,其中P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
实验14 d期间小鼠体质量变化见图1A,各组小鼠体质量基本无明显变化,维持在较为稳定状态,组间数据无显著性差异(P>0.05),给药组小鼠状态良好,结果见图1。与正常组比较,模型组小鼠的肝脏脾脏指数明显升高,但无显著性(P>0.05),给药组的肝脏脾脏指数有所降低,其中脾脏指数降低较为明显,结果见图1B~1C所示。
该部分内容主要考察了AERW和AERP对LPS/D-GalN诱导的炎症浸润性急性肝损伤小鼠血清转氨酶的影响变化,与空白组比较,模型组的AST和ALT水平明显升高,且具有显著性差异(P<0.01),与模型组比较,AERW-Ⅰ组显著下调动物血清中AST、ALT的水平(P<0.01),AERW-Ⅱ组相较于模型组也有所降低,但无显著性(P>0.05)。与空白组比较,模型组的AST和ALT水平明显升高,且具有显著性差异(P<0.01),与模型组比较,AERP-Ⅱ组显著下调动物血清中AST、ALT的水平(P<0.01),AERP-Ⅰ组相较于模型组也有所降低,无显著性变化。结果显示,AERP组下调动物血清中AST、ALT水平的作用要优于AERW组,结果见图2
与空白组比较,模型组的小鼠肝组织中NO含量明显升高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,AERW-Ⅰ、AERW-Ⅱ和AERP-Ⅰ小鼠肝组织中的NO含量有所降低,但不具有显著性(P>0.05),其中AERP-Ⅱ组显著下调动物血清中的NO分泌量水平,结果见图3
各组小鼠肝脏形态及HE染色结果见图4,空白组动物肝脏组织表面光滑,颜色均一,镜头下观察肝细胞排列有序;模型组肝脏充血严重,肝脏组织颜色较深,表面不光滑,有明显的颗粒感,肝细胞排列紊乱,肝细胞破裂,有明显的红染现象,炎性细胞浸润严重;AERW-Ⅰ、AERW-Ⅱ给药组相较于模型组肝组织形态有明显改善,其中AERW-Ⅰ组肝组织细胞间隙缩小,可能存在炎性肿胀现象,AERW-Ⅱ给药组部分组织有红染现象;AERP-Ⅱ组相较于AERP-Ⅰ组能够更明显改善肝组织变化,该结果与前面指标检测结果相一致,综上所述,各给药组均能不同程度地改善肝组织损伤以及减轻炎症反应症状。
采用正相硅胶柱、薄层制备板、反向硅胶柱分离得到4个化合物,经NMR鉴定,4个化合物的名称为:异戊酰紫草素(WR2-34-2)、乙酰紫草素(WR2-34-4)、2,3-二甲基戊烯酰紫草素(WR2-35-3)、紫草素(WR2-35-4),化合物的基本数据见表1,化合物的核磁数据如下所示。
化合物1(异戊酰紫草素, WR2-34-3):紫色粉末, 易溶于氯仿等。1H-NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3)δ:12.65(1H, s, 8-OH), 12.48(1H, s, 5-OH), 7.32(2H, s, H-6, 7), 7.04(1H, s, H-3), 6.14(1H, t, J=7.4 Hz, H-11), 5.11(2H, m, H-13), 2. 56(2H, m, H-12), 2.34(2H, q, H-18), 2.29(3H, t, H-19), 1.61(6H, s, H-16), 1.27(6H, s, H-15)。以上数据与文献[10]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物1为异戊酰紫草素。
化合物2(乙酰紫草素, WR2-34-4):紫色粉末, 易溶于二氯甲烷, 氯仿等。1H-NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3)δ:12.62(1H, s, 8-OH), 12.46(1H, s, 5-OH), 7.31(2H, s, H-6, 7), 7.04(1H, s, H-3), 6.04(1H, t, J=6.7 Hz, H-11), 5.11(2H, m, H-13), 2. 56(2H, m, H-12), 2.54(2H, q, H-18), 1.61(3H, s, H-16), 1.37(3H, s, H-15)。以上数据与文献[11]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物2为乙酰紫草素。
化合物3(2, 3-二甲基戊烯酰紫草素, WR2-35-3):紫色粉末, 易溶于二氯甲烷, 氯仿等。1H-NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3)δ:12.52(1H, s, 8-OH), 12.36(1H, s, 5-OH), 7.11(2H, s, H-6, 7), 6.92(1H, s, H-3), 2.86(2H, t, H-12), 1.67(6H, s, H-15, 16), 1.51(6H, s, H-21, 22)。以上数据与文献[12]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物3为2, 3-二甲基戊烯酰紫草素。
化合物4(紫草素, WR2-35-4):紫色粉末, 易溶于二氯甲烷, 氯仿等。1H-NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3)δ:12.52(1H, s, 8-OH), 12.46(1H, s, 5-OH), 7.11(2H, s, H-6, 7), 7.12(1H, s, H-3), 1.57(6H, s, H-15, 16)。以上数据与文献[13]报道基本一致, 故鉴定化合物4为紫草素。
采用MTT实验确定不同浓度的WR2-34-2、WR2-34-4、WR2-35-3以及WR2-35-4对HepG2.2.15细胞毒性作用。细胞存活率实验表明,WR2-34-2在0~5 μmol·L-1以及WR2-34-4在0~6.25 μmol·L-1的范围内对HepG2.2.15细胞无细胞毒性,无统计学意义(P>0.05),WR2-35-3浓度范围在2.5 μmol·L-1以下以及WR2-35-4浓度范围在1.25 μmol·L-1以下HepG2.2.15细胞存活率均大于90%,无明显的细胞毒性作用,结果见图5。结果表明,从石油醚部位分离得到的4种萘醌类有效成分均能不同程度抑制HepG2.2.15细胞,均可产生显著的抗乙肝病毒(HBV)作用。
在中国,HBV感染是肝癌发病的高危因素,约90%的肝癌患者有乙型肝炎病史,因此研究乙肝病毒与肝癌发生发展的关系非常重要[14]。据研究报道,肝癌致病原因较为复杂,其中肝炎病毒感染[包括HBV及丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染]引起的慢性肝炎、肝硬化导致的肝癌是主要发病原因[15]。19世纪中叶,德国病理学家 Rodolf Virchow 发现肿瘤组织中存在白细胞浸润,据此提出“肿瘤起源与慢性炎症”的假说,认为慢性炎症可促进肿瘤的形成[16]。因此,从“炎癌转化”的角度研究抗HBV感染-炎症-肝癌发生发展的相关机制有助于深入研究HBV诱发炎症与肝癌的关系,并为后期本课题在炎癌转化线路上的研究提供一定研究基础。
据报道,AER具有抗炎作用[17-18],为了验证AER对肝炎的影响,本文通过建立LPS/D-GalN诱导的炎症浸润性急性肝损伤小鼠模型,考察了AERW和AERP的保肝作用,实验14 d期间小鼠体质量变化见图2-1A,各组小鼠体质量基本无明显变化,维持在较为稳定状态,模型组小鼠的肝脏脾脏指数明显升高,给药组的肝脏脾脏指数有所降低,其中脾脏指数降低较为明显,以上数据显示肝损伤。解剖后发现模型组小鼠肝脏呈现明显充血,肝脏组织颜色较深,表面不光滑,有明显的颗粒感,肝细胞排列紊乱,肝细胞破裂,有明显的红染现象,炎性细胞浸润严重,这表明本研究的模型选择和构建是成功的。
为了阐明AERP及AERW对急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用,本研究检测了小鼠血清指标及肝组织匀浆中NO的含量,结果表明,各剂量组均能不同程度地降低小鼠血清中的AST、ALT活性以及肝组织中的NO含量。同时通过切片观察,肝组织病变不同程度地得到改善,其中AERW高剂量组和AERP低剂量组效果最为显著,由此可知,AERW和AERP具有较好的保肝作用,可以缓解肝脏损伤病程,并且可以仔细对比得到,AERP的保肝作用是要优于AERW的,其中本研究观察到AERP的低剂量组比高剂量组的作用效果好,分析原因可能因为紫草脂溶性成分毒性较大,而高剂量组给药剂量较大,对小鼠具有一定的毒性作用,故导致高剂量组结果反而不如低剂量组。
前期动物实验验证AER提取物中AERP的保肝效果更显著,并且据文献[9]报道,AER脂溶性主要活性成分为小极性的萘醌类化合物,AER水溶性活性成分为酚酸及多糖类化合物。本研究提取物AERP为石油醚部位提取物,主要包含小极性的萘醌类化物。为了充分得到新疆软紫草中保肝效果更好的萘醌类化合物,本研究优化了提取方案,采用石油醚先对新疆软紫草进行提取,得到含更多萘醌类化合物的AERP。
为了进一步验证抗炎保肝效果较好的AERP的有效成分在“炎癌转化”思路上是否可对HBV产生抑制作用,本文采用正相硅胶,反相硅胶,薄层制备板对石油醚提取物进行分离,得到4种萘醌类有效成分:异戊酰紫草素(WR2-34-2)、乙酰紫草素(WR2-34-4)、2,3-二甲基戊烯酰紫草素(WR2-35-3)和紫草素(WR2-35-4)。
HepG2.2.15是抗HBV新药开发的一个良好的体外研究工具。该细胞株是用2个头尾相连的HBV-DNA全基因的重组质粒转染受体细胞HepG2而成,可在体外无性繁殖,能够长期稳定地向培养上清中分泌HBsAg,HBeAg和完整的Dane颗粒,而且还能产生大量的复制中间体,是体外筛选抗HBV药物的良好模型[19]。所以本文为了验证AERP的4种萘醌类有效成分对HBV的影响,采用HepG2.2.15细胞探讨4种萘醌类有效成分的抗HBV作用。MTT结果表明,异戊酰紫草素、乙酰紫草素、2,3-二甲基戊烯酰紫草素以及紫草素均可不同程度抑制HepG2.2.15细胞的生长,在一定浓度范围内,细胞存活率均可大于90%。上述结果表明,AERP的4种萘醌类有效成分具有较好的抗HBV作用。本研究将HepG2.2.15细胞应用于AER抗HBV的研究,也为本课题组今后在“炎癌转化”方向的实验研究积累了经验。
综上所述,本研究通过测定小鼠血清指标,肝组织匀浆中的NO含量以及观察肝脏组织HE染色,初步判断在AER提取物中,AERP对LPS/D-GalN诱导的炎症浸润性急性肝损伤小鼠具有显著的抑制作用,能够延缓急性肝炎的发展,延长小鼠的生存时间,减轻小鼠的不适感,改善小鼠的肝功能。在“炎癌转化”的思路上,为了验证AERP的有效成分是否具有抗HBV作用,以及得到萘醌类成分更加丰富的AERP,本文对AER的提取方案进行了修改,先用石油醚进行提取,得到含萘醌类化合物更加丰富的AERP,接着对AERP进行了分离,得到了4个萘醌类有效成分:异戊酰紫草素、乙酰紫草素、2,3-二甲基戊烯酰紫草素和紫草素,之后将4个萘醌类有效成分用于表达乙型肝炎病毒的HepG2.2.15细胞,并验证该部位的萘醌类成分对HBV均具有显著的抑制作用,为后续本课题组对该方向的深入研究提供基础。本研究结果、采用的研究方法以及研究思路为HBV导致的炎症浸润并进一步发展为肝癌的病理过程提供防治研究基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(81860730)
  • 新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目资助(2020AA005)
  • 新疆植物药资源利用教育部重点实验室开放课题资助(201801)
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2024年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.03.007
  • 接收时间:2022-10-25
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2024-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-25
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(81860730)
新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目资助(2020AA005)
新疆植物药资源利用教育部重点实验室开放课题资助(201801)
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    1 石河子大学药学院/新疆植物药资源利用教育部重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832002
    2 石河子大学医学院第一附属医院, 新疆 石河子 832002

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*秦冬梅,女,博士,教授 研究方向:中药民族药分离及其药效作用机制研究Tel:(0993)2057005
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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