Article(id=1195687995014689131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195707415279747621, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)03-0256-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.03.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1662998400000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1763003832820, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1707321600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1763008463631, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1763003832820, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-11-13, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1763003832820, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763003832820, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195707415279747621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='3', pageStart='193', pageEnd='284', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1763008462972, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1763009150406, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195710298666611616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195707415279747621, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195710298670805921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195707415279747621, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=256, endPage=262, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195687995291513201, articleId=1195687995014689131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Optimization Based on Water Content Conductivity Fitting Curve Model Study on Tanshinone Microemulsion, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To verify the accuracy of the “water content-conductivity fitting curve” model for determining the critical point of microemulsion O/W phase, and to further use this model to optimize the microemulsion of tanshinone extract. OBJECTIVE The “water content-conductivity fitting curve” model was used to determine the phase critical point of microemulsion into O/W type. According to the proportion of microemulsion oil phase, total surfactant and water phase, the pseudo ternary was drawn using Origin 2021 software. The phase diagram was used to screen out the proportions of the larger milk-forming areas; the average particle size and PDI of the microemulsion were used as the inspection indicators, and the star point design-response surface method was used to optimize the microemulsion; high-speed centrifugation and standing at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 60 days, to examine the stability of the microemulsion. RESULTS The optimized microemulsion formulation was(18.11% medicated oil phase, 61.21% Tween 80, 20.68% 1,2-propanediol, the water critical point is 64.29%), Km was 2.96, preparation temperature was 27.4 ℃, under different experimental conditions, the stability of the microemulsion was good. CONCLUSION The O/W phase critical point determined by the “water content-conductivity fitting curve” model has high accuracy, and the optimized microemulsion has good stability, which achieves the expected research goals.

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目的 证实“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型测定微乳水包油(O/W)型相临界点的精确性,进一步使用该模型优化丹参酮提取物微乳。方法 以“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型确定微乳转变为O/W型的相临界点,根据微乳油相、总表面活性剂、水相占比,使用Origin 2021软件绘制伪三元相图,筛选成乳区域大的各相配比;以微乳的平均粒径、多分散系数(PDI)为考察指标,星点设计-响应面法优化微乳;采用高速离心和4、25 ℃下静置60 d,考察微乳的稳定性。结果 优化后的微乳处方为(含药油相为18.11%,聚山梨酯80为61.21%,1,2-丙二醇为20.68%,临界点含水量为64.29%),Km为2.96,配制温度为27.4 ℃,不同实验条件下微乳的稳定性均良好。结论 “含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型确定的O/W型相临界点精确性高,优化后的微乳稳定性好,达到了预期的研究目标。

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钟文嘉,男,学士,主管中药师 研究方向:中药新药与制剂工艺研究 Tel:(020)36591401

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钟文嘉,男,学士,主管中药师 研究方向:中药新药与制剂工艺研究 Tel:(020)36591401

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钟文嘉,男,学士,主管中药师 研究方向:中药新药与制剂工艺研究 Tel:(020)36591401

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Yunnan J Tradit Chin Med Mater Med(云南中医中药杂志), 2018, 39(2):69-72., articleTitle=Study on optimization of extraction technology of salvia miltiorrhiza percolation by multi-index comprehensive weighting scoring method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197101293048218195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=1131, pageEnd=1138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=MA S W, WANG Y J, CHEN C, journalName=China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA S W, WANG Y J, CHEN C, et al. Optimize preparation of compound licorice microemulsion with D-optimal design[J]. China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), 2018, 43(6):1131-1138., articleTitle=Optimize preparation of compound licorice microemulsion with D-optimal design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197101293182435925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=45, issue=8, pageStart=1052, pageEnd=1056, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=XIANG D W, TANG T T, PENG J H, journalName=Acta Pharm Sin(药学学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIANG D W, TANG T T, PENG J H, et al. Comparison of conductivity-water content curve and visual methods for ascertaintation of the critical water content of O/W microemulsions formation[J]. Acta Pharm Sin(药学学报), 2010, 45(8):1052-1056., articleTitle=Comparison of conductivity-water content curve and visual methods for ascertaintation of the critical water content of O/W microemulsions formation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197101293283099223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=33, issue=4, pageStart=359, pageEnd=363, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=ZHANG J N, HU Y Q, ZHANG J W, journalName=West China J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J N, HU Y Q, ZHANG J W, et al. Preparation of the oral self-microemulsion by effective method of Box-Behnken response surface method[J]. West China J Pharm Sci(华西药学杂志), 2018, 33(4):359-363., articleTitle=Preparation of the oral self-microemulsion by effective method of Box-Behnken response surface method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1197101293362791001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=52, issue=12, pageStart=3538, pageEnd=3543, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=WANG L H, YING Z Q, SUN B B, journalName=Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L H, YING Z Q, SUN B B, et al. Optimization of processing technology of honey wheat bran based on Box-Behnken response surface methodology[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), 2021, 52(12):3538-3543., articleTitle=Optimization of processing technology of honey wheat bran based on Box-Behnken response surface methodology, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1197101291655709245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, awardId=20222054, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省中医药局科研项目资助(20222054), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197101287503348186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197101287507542491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, companyId=1197101287503348186, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197101287515931100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, companyId=1197101287503348186, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州中医药大学第一附属医院, 广东省中医临床研究院, 广州 510405)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197101289575334403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The water content-conductivity curves of blank microemulsion and drug-containing microemulsion, figureFileSmall=Z6QnFMwF5yEEPapqbqi/7g==, figureFileBig=X4wNFr488t4ZdOWhdi9i/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101289642443269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=图1, caption=空白微乳和含药微乳的含水量-电导率曲线, figureFileSmall=Z6QnFMwF5yEEPapqbqi/7g==, figureFileBig=X4wNFr488t4ZdOWhdi9i/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101289738912265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of microemulsion with different Km, figureFileSmall=ODVRKEa+CzslyT6anZlvIw==, figureFileBig=xJqDDvDg5UJIeiTFRyxWfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101289826992651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同Km的微乳伪三元相图, figureFileSmall=ODVRKEa+CzslyT6anZlvIw==, figureFileBig=xJqDDvDg5UJIeiTFRyxWfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101289927655949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Response surface of A, B to particle size and PDI, figureFileSmall=G76WQGOFCa/Bq2M0ub63BA==, figureFileBig=V1pTEIjuajJxBMKYvGTB0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101290019930641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=图3, caption=考察因素A、B对粒径、PDI的响应面分析图, figureFileSmall=G76WQGOFCa/Bq2M0ub63BA==, figureFileBig=V1pTEIjuajJxBMKYvGTB0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101290087039507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Electron microscope graphs of the optimal tanshinone microemulsion, figureFileSmall=yq+srTM1HHiO8vCAkzXnZw==, figureFileBig=g8FyMfSM78ZplzQq7lw0XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101290170925590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=图4, caption=最优丹参酮提取物微乳的电镜图, figureFileSmall=yq+srTM1HHiO8vCAkzXnZw==, figureFileBig=g8FyMfSM78ZplzQq7lw0XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101290238034457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Microemulsion identification graph of O/W with the optimal tanshinone microemulsion, figureFileSmall=vK+B849Ic3dV81oV0WLi+A==, figureFileBig=Z8bdmkno7ofCL9uKMCr7dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101290313531931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=图5, caption=最优丹参酮提取物水包油(O/W)型微乳鉴别图, figureFileSmall=vK+B849Ic3dV81oV0WLi+A==, figureFileBig=Z8bdmkno7ofCL9uKMCr7dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197101290393223710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of “visual method” and “water content-conductivity fitting curve” model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Prescription Prescriptions composition Visualization Conductivity-water content curve
Oil+surfactant+cosurfactant+water(g) Critical moisture
content/%
Particle size
/nm
PDI Critical moisture
content /%
Particle size
/nm
PDI
A 0.5OA +6.3Tween80+3.2propanediol 59.18 22.68 0.141 69.23 18.82 0.122
B 1.0IPM +4.5RH40+4.5PEG400 56.62 27.06 0.172 67.21 25.79 0.153
C 0.9OA +6.8RH40+2.3dehydrated alcohol 62.96 26.19 0.157 73.33 23.81 0.139
D 0.3TAN+0.2OA+6.3Tween80 +3.2propanediol 64.29 23.84 0.167 72.60 20.43 0.151
E 0.3TAN +0.7IPM+4.5RH40+4.5PEG400 60.78 35.59 0.213 71.43 28.62 0.196
F 0.3TAN+0.6OA+6.8RH40+2.3 dehydrated alcohol 65.52 29.64 0.191 74.36 25.31 0.180
), ArticleFig(id=1197101290472915488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

“目测法”和“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型比较结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Prescription Prescriptions composition Visualization Conductivity-water content curve
Oil+surfactant+cosurfactant+water(g) Critical moisture
content/%
Particle size
/nm
PDI Critical moisture
content /%
Particle size
/nm
PDI
A 0.5OA +6.3Tween80+3.2propanediol 59.18 22.68 0.141 69.23 18.82 0.122
B 1.0IPM +4.5RH40+4.5PEG400 56.62 27.06 0.172 67.21 25.79 0.153
C 0.9OA +6.8RH40+2.3dehydrated alcohol 62.96 26.19 0.157 73.33 23.81 0.139
D 0.3TAN+0.2OA+6.3Tween80 +3.2propanediol 64.29 23.84 0.167 72.60 20.43 0.151
E 0.3TAN +0.7IPM+4.5RH40+4.5PEG400 60.78 35.59 0.213 71.43 28.62 0.196
F 0.3TAN+0.6OA+6.8RH40+2.3 dehydrated alcohol 65.52 29.64 0.191 74.36 25.31 0.180
), ArticleFig(id=1197101290548412962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The maximum dissolution ratio of TAN

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Type Accessories Maximum dissolution ratio
Oil OA 1∶8
IPM 1∶11
EO 1∶9
Surfacant RH40 1∶7
Tween80 1∶5
SDS 1∶8
Cosurfactant PEG400 1∶9
Propanediol 1∶7
Dehydrated alcohol 1∶10
), ArticleFig(id=1197101290649076260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

丹参酮(TAN)提取物在各辅料中的最大溶解比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Type Accessories Maximum dissolution ratio
Oil OA 1∶8
IPM 1∶11
EO 1∶9
Surfacant RH40 1∶7
Tween80 1∶5
SDS 1∶8
Cosurfactant PEG400 1∶9
Propanediol 1∶7
Dehydrated alcohol 1∶10
), ArticleFig(id=1197101290728768040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Factor level setting of central composite experimental design with different inspection factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Level Examining factors
A
(Oil)/%
B
(Km)
C
(Temperature)/℃
-1.682 10 1 25
-1 18.11 1.61 27.4
0 30 2.5 31
1 41.89 3.39 34.6
1.682 50 4 37
), ArticleFig(id=1197101290812654122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同考察因素下星点设计因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Level Examining factors
A
(Oil)/%
B
(Km)
C
(Temperature)/℃
-1.682 10 1 25
-1 18.11 1.61 27.4
0 30 2.5 31
1 41.89 3.39 34.6
1.682 50 4 37
), ArticleFig(id=1197101290875568684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Experimental design and results with different inspection factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample A/
(Oil)/%
B/
(Km)
C/
(Temperature)/℃
Particle Size
/nm
PDI
1 18.11 1.61 27.4 22.48 0.096
2 41.89 1.61 27.4 41.37 0.184
3 18.11 3.39 27.4 19.32 0.076
4 41.89 3.39 27.4 46.31 0.236
5 18.11 1.61 34.6 23.31 0.092
6 41.89 1.61 34.6 26.63 0.177
7 18.11 3.39 34.6 21.61 0.078
8 41.89 3.39 34.6 49.22 0.263
9 10 2.5 31 15.32 0.062
10 50 2.5 31 30.62 0.216
11 30 1 31 36.91 0.129
12 30 4 31 44.58 0.185
13 30 2.5 25 32.64 0.073
14 30 2.5 37 26.49 0.091
15 30 2.5 31 29.86 0.084
16 30 2.5 31 28.66 0.071
17 30 2.5 31 28.42 0.092
18 30 2.5 31 30.69 0.086
19 30 2.5 31 33.67 0.099
20 30 2.5 31 33.96 0.102
), ArticleFig(id=1197101290972037680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同考察因素下筛选工艺和结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample A/
(Oil)/%
B/
(Km)
C/
(Temperature)/℃
Particle Size
/nm
PDI
1 18.11 1.61 27.4 22.48 0.096
2 41.89 1.61 27.4 41.37 0.184
3 18.11 3.39 27.4 19.32 0.076
4 41.89 3.39 27.4 46.31 0.236
5 18.11 1.61 34.6 23.31 0.092
6 41.89 1.61 34.6 26.63 0.177
7 18.11 3.39 34.6 21.61 0.078
8 41.89 3.39 34.6 49.22 0.263
9 10 2.5 31 15.32 0.062
10 50 2.5 31 30.62 0.216
11 30 1 31 36.91 0.129
12 30 4 31 44.58 0.185
13 30 2.5 25 32.64 0.073
14 30 2.5 37 26.49 0.091
15 30 2.5 31 29.86 0.084
16 30 2.5 31 28.66 0.071
17 30 2.5 31 28.42 0.092
18 30 2.5 31 30.69 0.086
19 30 2.5 31 33.67 0.099
20 30 2.5 31 33.96 0.102
), ArticleFig(id=1197101291068506674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Results of ANOVA of the average particle size with different inspection factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares Freedom Mean square F P
Model 1 417.29 9 157.48 10.53 0.000 5
A 769.92 1 769.92 51.46 <0.000 1
B 92.64 1 92.64 6.19 0.032 1
C 26.58 1 26.58 1.78 0.212 1
AB 131.14 1 131.14 8.77 0.014 3
AC 27.94 1 27.94 1.87 0.201 7
BC 45.65 1 45.65 3.05 0.111 3
A2 109.66 1 109.66 7.33 0.022 0
B2 179.16 1 179.16 11.97 0.006 1
C2 2.63 1 2.63 0.175 5 0.684 1
Residual 149.61 10 14.96 - -
Misfit term 120.28 5 24.06 4.10 0.073 8
Error 29.33 5 5.87 - -
Total variance 1 566.90 19 - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1197101291164975668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同考察因素下平均粒径的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares Freedom Mean square F P
Model 1 417.29 9 157.48 10.53 0.000 5
A 769.92 1 769.92 51.46 <0.000 1
B 92.64 1 92.64 6.19 0.032 1
C 26.58 1 26.58 1.78 0.212 1
AB 131.14 1 131.14 8.77 0.014 3
AC 27.94 1 27.94 1.87 0.201 7
BC 45.65 1 45.65 3.05 0.111 3
A2 109.66 1 109.66 7.33 0.022 0
B2 179.16 1 179.16 11.97 0.006 1
C2 2.63 1 2.63 0.175 5 0.684 1
Residual 149.61 10 14.96 - -
Misfit term 120.28 5 24.06 4.10 0.073 8
Error 29.33 5 5.87 - -
Total variance 1 566.90 19 - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1197101291244667445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Results of ANOVA of PDI with different inspection factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares Freedom Mean square F P
Model 0.068 7 9 0.007 6 21.50 <0.000 1
A 0.044 2 1 0.044 2 124.58 <0.000 1
B 0.002 9 1 0.002 9 8.10 0.017 3
C 0.000 2 1 0.000 2 0.480 8 0.503 8
AB 0.003 7 1 0.003 7 10.42 0.009 0
AC 0.000 1 1 0.000 1 0.170 5 0.688 4
BC 0.000 2 1 0.000 2 0.563 6 0.470 1
A2 0.007 2 1 0.007 2 20.24 0.001 1
B2 0.011 9 1 0.011 9 33.42 0.000 2
C2 0.000 1 1 0.000 1 0.1910 0.671 3
Residual 0.003 5 10 0.000 4
Misfit term 0.002 9 5 0.000 6 4.58 0.060 2
Error 0.000 6 5 0.000 1
Total variance 0.072 2 19
), ArticleFig(id=1197101291315970615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同考察因素下PDI的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares Freedom Mean square F P
Model 0.068 7 9 0.007 6 21.50 <0.000 1
A 0.044 2 1 0.044 2 124.58 <0.000 1
B 0.002 9 1 0.002 9 8.10 0.017 3
C 0.000 2 1 0.000 2 0.480 8 0.503 8
AB 0.003 7 1 0.003 7 10.42 0.009 0
AC 0.000 1 1 0.000 1 0.170 5 0.688 4
BC 0.000 2 1 0.000 2 0.563 6 0.470 1
A2 0.007 2 1 0.007 2 20.24 0.001 1
B2 0.011 9 1 0.011 9 33.42 0.000 2
C2 0.000 1 1 0.000 1 0.1910 0.671 3
Residual 0.003 5 10 0.000 4
Misfit term 0.002 9 5 0.000 6 4.58 0.060 2
Error 0.000 6 5 0.000 1
Total variance 0.072 2 19
), ArticleFig(id=1197101291420828217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Results of optimal design with tanshinone microemulsion. n=3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Assessment indicators Sample x ¯ s
1 2 3
Average particle size/nm 18.11 18.72 17.94 18.26 0.41
PDI 0.083 0.087 0.077 0.082 0.05
Zeta potential/mV -13.45 -13.63 -13.72 -13.60 0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1197101291521491514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195687995014689131, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

丹参酮提取物微乳最优工艺的验证结果. n=3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Assessment indicators Sample x ¯ s
1 2 3
Average particle size/nm 18.11 18.72 17.94 18.26 0.41
PDI 0.083 0.087 0.077 0.082 0.05
Zeta potential/mV -13.45 -13.63 -13.72 -13.60 0.14
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基于含水量-电导率拟合曲线模型优化丹参酮提取物微乳的研究
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钟文嘉 , 黄益穗 , 刘灼波
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(3): 256-262
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(3): 256-262
基于含水量-电导率拟合曲线模型优化丹参酮提取物微乳的研究
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钟文嘉, 黄益穗, 刘灼波
作者信息
  • 广州中医药大学第一附属医院, 广东省中医临床研究院, 广州 510405
  • 钟文嘉,男,学士,主管中药师 研究方向:中药新药与制剂工艺研究 Tel:(020)36591401

Optimization Based on Water Content Conductivity Fitting Curve Model Study on Tanshinone Microemulsion
ZHONG Wenjia, HUANG Yisui, LIU Zhuobo
Affiliations
  • The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
出版时间: 2024-02-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.03.009
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目的 证实“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型测定微乳水包油(O/W)型相临界点的精确性,进一步使用该模型优化丹参酮提取物微乳。方法 以“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型确定微乳转变为O/W型的相临界点,根据微乳油相、总表面活性剂、水相占比,使用Origin 2021软件绘制伪三元相图,筛选成乳区域大的各相配比;以微乳的平均粒径、多分散系数(PDI)为考察指标,星点设计-响应面法优化微乳;采用高速离心和4、25 ℃下静置60 d,考察微乳的稳定性。结果 优化后的微乳处方为(含药油相为18.11%,聚山梨酯80为61.21%,1,2-丙二醇为20.68%,临界点含水量为64.29%),Km为2.96,配制温度为27.4 ℃,不同实验条件下微乳的稳定性均良好。结论 “含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型确定的O/W型相临界点精确性高,优化后的微乳稳定性好,达到了预期的研究目标。

星点设计-响应面法  /  目测法  /  “含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型  /  丹参酮

OBJECTIVE To verify the accuracy of the “water content-conductivity fitting curve” model for determining the critical point of microemulsion O/W phase, and to further use this model to optimize the microemulsion of tanshinone extract. OBJECTIVE The “water content-conductivity fitting curve” model was used to determine the phase critical point of microemulsion into O/W type. According to the proportion of microemulsion oil phase, total surfactant and water phase, the pseudo ternary was drawn using Origin 2021 software. The phase diagram was used to screen out the proportions of the larger milk-forming areas; the average particle size and PDI of the microemulsion were used as the inspection indicators, and the star point design-response surface method was used to optimize the microemulsion; high-speed centrifugation and standing at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 60 days, to examine the stability of the microemulsion. RESULTS The optimized microemulsion formulation was(18.11% medicated oil phase, 61.21% Tween 80, 20.68% 1,2-propanediol, the water critical point is 64.29%), Km was 2.96, preparation temperature was 27.4 ℃, under different experimental conditions, the stability of the microemulsion was good. CONCLUSION The O/W phase critical point determined by the “water content-conductivity fitting curve” model has high accuracy, and the optimized microemulsion has good stability, which achieves the expected research goals.

central composite design-response surface methodology  /  visual inspection method  /  “water content-conductivity fitting curve” model  /  tanshinone
钟文嘉, 黄益穗, 刘灼波. 基于含水量-电导率拟合曲线模型优化丹参酮提取物微乳的研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (3) : 256 -262 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.03.009
ZHONG Wenjia, HUANG Yisui, LIU Zhuobo. Optimization Based on Water Content Conductivity Fitting Curve Model Study on Tanshinone Microemulsion[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (3) : 256 -262 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.03.009
丹参酮提取物(tanshinone,TAN)是丹参脂溶性部位主要有效成分的统称,具有良好的抗菌、消炎、止痛功效[1],现代药理学研究表明,其具有抗细胞凋亡、抑制神经炎症等作用[2]。TAN水溶性差,制成传统的片剂、胶囊剂等口服不容易被吸收,制成水包油(O/W)型微乳后,不仅解决了口服不易吸收的问题,而且提高了其生物利用度[3]。微乳是油相,水相,表面、助表明活性剂按一定比例配制成的、粒径介于10~100 nm之间的热力学稳定体系[4],微乳的配制,相与相间转变的“临界点”的选定是关键。目前,关于微乳的报道[5-6],大多是以“目测法”混浊到澄清作为微乳由油包水(W/O)型转变为O/W型的相临界点;国内已有学者证实[7-8]“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型比“目测法”作为相临界点的判断更为精确,由于该方法相比传统的“目测法”操作更为繁琐,一直没有被广泛使用。本研究采用目前微乳研究较为先进的检测手段(测平均粒径、多分散系数、生物透射电镜等),证实“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型相比“目测法”,测得的微乳由W/O型转变为O/W型相临界点更为精确,有助于扩大该方法的适用性和适应性,为中药微乳制剂的工业化发展提供借鉴,现报道如下。
Hitachi HT7700型透射式电子显微镜(日本日立公司);MALVERN-Zetasizer Nano ZS90型纳米粒径电位分析仪(英国马尔文公司);MS204S分析天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司);DDS-11A型数显电导率仪(上海雷磁创意仪器有限公司)等。
丹参(批号:2201001,岭南中药饮片有限公司);肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM,阿拉丁公司);油酸(OA)、油酸乙酯(EO);聚山梨酯80(Tween 80)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、聚乙二醇400(PEG400)、1,2-丙二醇、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(RH40)均为分析纯;纯化水。
查阅文献[9-11],TAN脂溶性强且受热不稳定,本研究通过前期实验摸索,设定的TAN提取工艺为:添加丹参药材10倍量的体积分数95%的乙醇作为提取溶剂,提取温度设定为80 ℃,提取时间设定为2 h。具体操作如下:将丹参药材饮片粗碎后过50目筛,备用,另取圆底烧瓶,加入粗碎后的丹参药材和体积分数95%乙醇,浸泡1 h,置恒温水浴锅提取,药液经过滤后使用旋转蒸发仪回收乙醇,将获得的浸膏置真空干燥箱,(-0.08 MPa,60 ℃)下干燥至恒重,粉碎,过100目筛,备用。
目前,有文献关于微乳相临界点的选定还是基于“目测法”,即体系“由混浊至澄清”或者“由澄清变混浊再变澄清”[12]作为微乳由W/O型转变为O/W型的相临界点。国内外已有报道,建立微乳的“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型,当电导率获得最大值时,对应的含水量即为微乳由W/O型转变为O/W型的相临界点(图1处方A电导率值顶点)[13]。为验证该理论的可靠性及适用性,预试验中选定了3个实验室摸索出的稳定空白微乳,在此基础上分别采用“目测法”和“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型,分别测定空白微乳和含药微乳由W/O型转变为O/W型时的相临界点。操作方法如下:以处方A(表1)为例,“目测法”,将表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、油相按比例混匀,配成微乳原液10 g,再缓慢添加纯化水、搅拌、观察,当溶液由混浊变为澄清,记录添加纯化水的量,以此作为微乳完全转变为O/W型的相临界点;“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型,将表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、油相按比例混匀,配成微乳原液10 g,每次添加0.5 g的纯化水,600 r·min-1下搅拌20 s,测电导率,记录,重复上述操作,直至含水量为80%,将获得的含水量-电导率值通过Excel软件绘制“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型,将电导率最大值对应的含水量作为微乳完全转变为O/W型的相临界点。将上述2种方法获得的O/W型临界点含水量,各自重新配制微乳,将获得的微乳,各取适量,纯化水稀释100倍后,测平均粒径、多分散系数(PDI)。
按“2.2.1”项下的方法,先由1人分别使用“目测法”和“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型测微乳完全转变为O/W型时的相临界点;接着,剩余2人参考上述操作方法各自单独完成实验,最后将3人获得的不同相临界点的结果取均值。结果见表1,可见,“目测法”测定的O/W型相临界点比“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型靠前,平均粒径和PDI则“目测法”整体大于“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型,将处方A-F的微乳各取适量,分别滴入苏丹试剂和亚甲基蓝试剂,静置10 min,可见亚甲基蓝扩散速度明显大于苏丹,表明上述微乳均为O/W型微乳。以上实验证实了“目测法”确定的临界点不是真正的O/W型微乳的相临界点,此时,体系尚处于W/O和O/W双连续相型,而“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型测得微乳的相临界点更加精确,验证了使用“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型研究丹参酮提取物的可行性。由图1可见,起始阶段,微乳的电导率随着含水量的增加先缓慢、后迅速攀升,说明起始阶段,大量油相存在,导电性差,随着含水量的增加,带电的液滴增加了碰撞的机会,体系导电性增加但增加较为缓慢,当含水量到达渗滤阈值后,体系带电液滴碰撞的机会显著上升从而导电性增加迅速,当导电性到达峰值后,随着含水量的增加,带电液滴由于被稀释,碰撞机会开始减少从而导电性下降。
将TAN和OA按照1∶1,1∶2,1∶3……1∶n的比例,分别搅拌、超声1 h助溶,观察混合效果,筛选出TAN已完全溶解的澄清透明溶液,测得TAN在该溶剂中的最大溶解比(即溶质不变,溶剂越小);按上述方法,分别测定TAN在IPM、EO、RH40等中的最大溶解比,结果见表2,最佳油相为OA,表面活性剂为Tween80、助表面活性剂为1,2-丙二醇。
按“2.3”项方法,选定TAN-OA=1∶8的比例配制含药油相,备用。采用固定Km(表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比)为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1、4∶1,按含药油相、总表面活性剂比为1∶9、9∶1、2∶8、8∶2、3∶7、7∶3、4∶6、6∶4、5∶5,配成10 g的微乳原液,具体操作方法如下:将表面活性剂、助表面活性剂在(25±1)℃下,600 r·min-1磁力搅拌均匀,再加入含药油相600 r·min-1搅拌10 min、40 KHz超声10 min,然后,滴入0.5 g的纯化水,600 r·min-1搅拌20 s,测定电导率,记录,重复上述操作,直至微乳含水量为80%时,将获得的含水量-电导率值通过Excel软件绘制“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型,将电导率值的顶点对应的含水量作为微乳O/W型的相临界点,以该临界点重新配制微乳,将获得的微乳,纯化水稀释100倍后测平均粒径、PDI,平均粒径在10~100 nm之间为合格微乳,此外,静置24 h后观察微乳是否出现分层,分层的微乳处方予以剔除,剩余合格的微乳处方,使用软件Origin 2021建立伪三元相图,见图2
星点设计因素水平表见表3。“2.4”项下的结果表明,1∶1<Km<4∶1可以获得较大的微乳区域,故最大Km选定为4,最小Km选定为1;其次,含药油相<10%时,微乳的载药量偏小,含药油相>50%时,容易形成凝胶,难于获得合格微乳(平均粒径介于10~100 nm),故含药油相最大选定为50%,最小选定为10%;最后,实验过程中发现温度对微乳的成乳有一定的影响,适当提高温度可以减少乳化时间,但过高的温度可能破坏微乳的稳定性且容易出现气泡分散在微乳体系中,因此选定最低配制温度为室温(25±1)℃,最高配制温度为(37±1)℃。
使用软件Design-Expert 12.0对表3的考察因素进行星点设计-响应面法工艺设计,结果见表4,根据表4的工艺组合配制微乳,将得到的实验结果分别进行方差分析,结果见表5~6
表5~6均显示模型具有极其显著性(P<0.01)、失拟项不具显著性(P>0.05),表明该数学模型对真实情况的模拟得比较精确[14-15],获得的响应面结果分析图见图3。分别对平均粒径、PDI的实验结果进行多元二次回归分析,得到公式1~2。
$ \begin{array}{l}\text { 平均粒径 } = 30.871+7.508 \mathrm{~A}+2.605 \mathrm{~B}-1.395 \mathrm{C}+ \\4.049 \mathrm{AB}-1.869 \mathrm{AC}+2.389 \mathrm{BC}-2.759 \mathrm{~A}^{2}+3.526 \mathrm{~B}^{2}- \\0.427 \mathrm{C}^{2}\end{array}$
$ \begin{array}{l}\mathrm{PDI}=0.088+0.057 \mathrm{~A}+0.015 \mathrm{~B}+0.003 \mathrm{C}+0.022 \\\mathrm{AB}+0.003 \mathrm{AC}+0.005 \mathrm{BC}+0.022 \mathrm{~A}^{2}+0.029 \mathrm{~B}^{2}+ \\0.002 \mathrm{C}^{2}\end{array}$
通过软件分析,得到最小平均粒径和PDI分别为18.53 nm、0.054,考虑到平均粒径对微乳工艺筛选的影响程度大于PDI,最终确定最优组合为A/含药油相18.11%,B/Km为2.96,C/配制温度为27.4 ℃,对应的平均粒径为18.66 nm、PDI为0.080。
对“2.5.2”项获得的最优组合(含药油相为18.11%,Tween80为61.21%,1,2-丙二醇为20.68%)进行3批次工艺验证,测得临界点含水量为64.29%。将制得的3批次微乳各取适量,稀释100倍后测平均粒径、PDI、Zeta电位,见表7,结果表明平均粒径、PDI和预测结果非常接近,说明筛选的工艺可靠,Zeta电位检测结果,表明3批次微乳均稳定,进一步验证了筛选工艺的可靠性。
取“2.5.3”项下微乳适量到铜网上,静置10 min,然后滤纸吸干并滴加2%的磷钨酸负染10 min,室温挥干,最后使用生物透射电镜观察及拍摄微乳的形态,可见透射电镜下的微乳圆整度好,粒度均匀,无大面积粘连,见图4
取“2.5.3”项微乳适量,分别滴入10滴苏丹试剂和亚甲基蓝试剂,采用方式A静置10 min、方式B超声1 min,可见亚甲基蓝扩散速度明显大于苏丹试剂,苏丹试剂始终停留在液面,表明该微乳为O/W型微乳,见图5
每次取“2.5.3”项微乳适量,加入离心管,分别进行3 000、5 000 r·min-1离心30 min,试验样品平行3份,结果未见微乳分层,表明微乳的稳定性良好。
每次取“2.5.3”项微乳适量,加入离心管并拧紧瓶盖,分别于冰箱(4 ℃)、室温(25 ℃)下贮存60 d,2种实验条件下,样品平行3份,实验结果取均值。结果表明:2种条件下微乳的外观均无明显变化,4 ℃下平均粒径由17.94 nm增加至(18.51±0.12) nm、PDI值由0.077增加至(0.080±0.04);25 ℃下平均粒径由17.94 nm增加至(20.67±0.19) nm,PDI值由0.077增加至(0.082±0.07),表明微乳的稳定性良好。
目前,微乳的报道关于“相临界点”的判断以“目测法”居多,该方法受主观因素的影响很大,难以达成统一的标准,因此,亟需寻找更为可靠的方式来确定“相临界点”。有报道提到建立“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型确定“相临界点”[7-8],但是前期的研究没有直观的指标来证实该模型的精确性,单纯使用电导率值的变化规律来证实其精确性,说服力不够。其次,“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型操作较“目测法”繁琐,因此,一直没有被广泛使用。当前,考察微乳最为直观、简便的方式还是测平均粒径和PDI,本研究使用“目测法”“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型分别测得微乳的O/W型相临界点,通过比较2种方式制得微乳的平均粒径、PDI,证实了“含水量-电导率拟合曲线”模型关于O/W型相临界点的判断更为精确。此外,本研究采用了“最大溶解比”的方法,对油相,表面活性剂、助表面活性剂进行了筛选,该方法相比高效液相测药物溶解度的方法更为简便,虽然测量精度不如后者,但是能够满足筛选要求,可以将该方法加以推广。再者,实验过程中还发现温度较高(>40 ℃)时,微乳溶液中出现气泡的情况,提示实验者配制微乳的过程要控制好温度。此外,部分微乳静置24 h后,重新出现混浊、分层,这种情况对伪三元相图的绘制有一定的影响,要加以注意。最后,微乳的载药量小,对于中药微乳制剂的研发依旧是个难点,过高的载药量会造成微乳的平均粒径陡然增大,不利于其稳定性,因此,配制微乳不能一味地追求微乳的载药量,要开发稳定、可靠的中药微乳,必须对有效部位进行精制提纯,这给中药微乳的工业化推广带来一定的难度,本研究可对微乳的工业化发展提供一定的借鉴。
  • 广东省中医药局科研项目资助(20222054)
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2024年第59卷第3期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.03.009
  • 接收时间:2022-09-13
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2024-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-13
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广东省中医药局科研项目资助(20222054)
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    广州中医药大学第一附属医院, 广东省中医临床研究院, 广州 510405
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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