Article(id=1195664139491259378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195664138694341616, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)02-0172-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.02.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1669651200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762998145220, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1705852800000, pubDateStr=2024-01-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762998145220, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762998145220, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762998145220, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195664138694341616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='2', pageStart='101', pageEnd='190', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762998145030, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762998511460, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195665675697045692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195664138694341616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195665675701239997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195664138694341616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=172, endPage=178, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195664139709363190, articleId=1195664139491259378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Concentrates of
Astragalus membranaceus, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of different drying methods on the concentrates of Astragalus membranaceus and provide a basis for the optimization and establishment of their drying processes. METHODS The contents of Astragalus methyloside, Pistil isoflavone glucoside, Pistil isoflavone, Mangiferin, Astragalus polysaccharide, ethanol extract and the clarity index and solubility index were used as evaluation indexes to dry Astragalus concentrate by freeze-drying, vacuum drying, atmospheric pressure drying and microwave drying, and the weights of each index were jointly determined by hierarchical analysis (AHP) and entropy weighting method, and the most suitable drying method was selected by the combination of comprehensive scoring, cluster analysis, fingerprinting and other methods as well as the characteristics of each drying method itself. RESULTS The effects of different drying methods on the concentration of Astragalus membranaceus varied widely, with the highest comprehensive scores for freeze-drying and vacuum-drying and lower scores for atmospheric-pressure drying and microwave drying. According to the analysis of similarity evaluation software, the fingerprint profiles of freeze-dried and vacuum-dried samples were the most similar to those of concentrates, the differences between the samples obtained from the two drying methods were small, and the results were similar to the comprehensive scores. Within the experimental range, the concentrates of Astragalus membranaceus were more stable under freeze-drying and vacuum-drying conditions. CONCLUSION The effect of different drying methods and conditions on Astragalus concentrates varies greatly. Through the study of four drying methods, vacuum drying is finally selected as the most suitable drying method for Astragalus concentrates.
, correspAuthors=WEI Shuchang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=WAN Lingjuan, HE Hongjie, LI Jintian, FENG Xiaoli, LIU Xiaoxia, WEI Shuchang, WU Xiaoyu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195664307661877458, articleId=1195664139491259378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=不同干燥方法对黄芪浓缩液的影响研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 考察不同干燥方法对黄芪浓缩液的影响及其变化规律,为其干燥工艺的优选和建立提供依据。方法 以黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花苷、黄芪多糖、乙醇浸出物含量以及澄明度指数、溶解性指数为评价指标,采用冷冻干燥、真空干燥、常压干燥、微波干燥对黄芪浓缩液进行干燥,以层次分析法(AHP)和熵权法联合确定各指标权重,通过综合评分、聚类分析、指纹图谱的联合使用并结合各干燥方法本身的特性,优选最佳干燥方法。结果 不同干燥方法对黄芪浓缩液的影响差异较大,冷冻干燥和真空干燥综合评分最高,常压干燥和微波干燥评分较低。根据相似度评价分析可知,冷冻干燥和真空干燥样品的指纹图谱与浓缩液的指纹图谱相似度最高,2种干燥法所得样品间差异较小,结果与综合评分相似。在实验范围内,黄芪浓缩液在冷冻干燥、真空干燥条件下比较稳定。结论 不同干燥方式和条件对黄芪浓缩液的影响差异较大,通过对4种干燥方法的研究,最终选取真空干燥为黄芪浓缩液最适宜的干燥方法。
, correspAuthors=魏舒畅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*魏舒畅,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药制药工艺研究 Tel:(0931)8619911
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万玲娟,女,博士研究生 研究方向:中药制药工艺研究
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1 Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
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53(3):930-936., articleTitle=Research progress on freeze-drying technology in field of traditional Chinese medicine, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1197098060200329718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, awardId=2019C-02, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省高等学校产业支撑引导项目资助(2019C-02), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1197098060259049975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, awardId=2021CX42, language=CN, fundingSource=研究生创新基金项目资助(2021CX42), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197098056874246570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197098056878440875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, companyId=1197098056874246570, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 甘肃省中药制药工艺工程研究中心, 兰州 730000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197098059097227745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
HPLC of mixed reference substances solution(A) and test solution(B) 1-pistil isoflavone glucoside; 2-mangiferin; 3-pistil isoflavone.
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毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷和毛蕊异黄酮的混合对照品溶液(A)和供试品液(B) 高效液相色谱(HPLC)图 1-毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷;2-芒柄花苷;3-毛蕊异黄酮。
, figureFileSmall=6N8nzADPa/ulUhlWU1hAgw==, figureFileBig=yU4pZyBernm8De/yNU7tVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098059223056867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
HPLC-ELSD of reference substance solution(A) and test solution solution(B) 1-Astragalus methylosid.
, figureFileSmall=zYpZ73VILE/z7v9uEDXiXw==, figureFileBig=JQEHf1qaiWHENU+opER86g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098059273388516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
黄芪甲苷对照品溶液(A)和供试品液(B)的高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测(HPLC-ELSD)图 1-黄芪甲苷。
, figureFileSmall=zYpZ73VILE/z7v9uEDXiXw==, figureFileBig=JQEHf1qaiWHENU+opER86g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098059336303077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Cluster analysis of samples by different drying methods, figureFileSmall=ra2TK93Vs+iEspem60CcCg==, figureFileBig=IR7CG8F8ouT6ntLp0HgLuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098059399217638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同干燥方式下13个样品的聚类分析, figureFileSmall=ra2TK93Vs+iEspem60CcCg==, figureFileBig=IR7CG8F8ouT6ntLp0HgLuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098059462132199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
HPLC-PDA fingerprint of samples with different drying methods S1-the concentrates of Astragalus membranaceus; S2-S5-vacuum drying samples; S6-S8-microwave drying samples; S9-S11-atmospheric pressure drying samples; S12-S14-freeze-drying samples; R-reference graph.
, figureFileSmall=pG71H53goS8hq5d+4YEzdw==, figureFileBig=jd2fKY1k0E39eYlrRDWNow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098059520852456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同干燥方式下13批黄芪黄芪干燥样品高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(HPLC-PDA)指纹图谱 S1-黄芪浓缩液;S2~S5-真空干燥样品;S6~S8-微波干燥样品;S9~S11-常压干燥样品;S12~S14-冷冻干燥样品;R为参照图谱。
, figureFileSmall=pG71H53goS8hq5d+4YEzdw==, figureFileBig=jd2fKY1k0E39eYlrRDWNow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098059587961321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
HPLC-ELSD fingerprint of samples with different drying methods S1-the concentrates of Astragalus membranaceus; S2-S5-vacuum drying samples; S6-S8-microwave drying samples; S9-S11-atmospheric pressure drying samples; S12-S14-freeze-drying samples; R-reference graph.
, figureFileSmall=y7IVhjtnqv1/YypSMwpW9g==, figureFileBig=P9q63cIn8OwHI1xrAjcKOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098059642487274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同干燥方式下13批黄芪黄芪干燥样品HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱 S1-黄芪浓缩液;S2~S5-真空干燥样品;S6~S8-微波干燥样品;S9~S11-常压干燥样品;S12~S14-冷冻干燥样品;R为参照图谱。
, figureFileSmall=y7IVhjtnqv1/YypSMwpW9g==, figureFileBig=P9q63cIn8OwHI1xrAjcKOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098059701207531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Determination results of dried products with different drying methods
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Drying method | Number | Vacuum /MPa | Power /W | Drying temperature/℃ | Dring time/h | Mass fraction/mg·g-1 | y7 /% | y8 /% | Y /% |
| y1 | y2 | y3 | y4 | y5 | y6 |
| Vacuum drying | Z-1 | 0.08 | - | 60 | 36 | 0.766 | 0.236 | 0.132 | 0.125 | 6.818 | 80.111 | 54.46 | 85.02 | 91.84 |
| Z-2 | 0.08 | - | 70 | 28 | 0.733 | 0.247 | 0.132 | 0.123 | 6.888 | 75.229 | 53.75 | 86.92 | 90.48 |
| Z-3 | 0.08 | - | 80 | 20 | 0.733 | 0.234 | 0.130 | 0.121 | 6.869 | 75.406 | 53.52 | 85.31 | 89.65 |
| Z-4 | 0.08 | - | 90 | 10 | 0.700 | 0.243 | 0.129 | 0.114 | 6.700 | 79.023 | 51.76 | 84.99 | 89.51 |
| Atmospheric pressure drying | C-1 | - | - | 70 | 48 | 0.791 | 0.219 | 0.129 | 0.119 | 6.449 | 70.878 | 37.24 | 83.93 | 84.61 |
| C-2 | - | - | 80 | 36 | 0.798 | 0.229 | 0.135 | 0.116 | 6.950 | 63.862 | 37.15 | 83.55 | 84.66 |
| C-3 | - | - | 90 | 24 | 0.768 | 0.218 | 0.124 | 0.100 | 6.799 | 69.975 | 37.14 | 81.52 | 83.87 |
| Microwave drying | W-1 | - | 250 | 75 | 0.167 | 0.761 | 0.208 | 0.130 | 0.103 | 6.656 | 67.327 | 45.25 | 78.76 | 83.18 |
| W-2 | - | 450 | 75 | 0.100 | 0.798 | 0.220 | 0.128 | 0.106 | 6.812 | 66.646 | 43.13 | 83.97 | 84.58 |
| W-3 | - | 650 | 75 | 0.067 | 0.755 | 0.214 | 0.122 | 0.102 | 7.029 | 68.989 | 41.10 | 82.25 | 84.63 |
| Freeze-drying | L-1 | <0.000 002 | - | -80 | 12/24a | 0.812 | 0.232 | 0.128 | 0.124 | 7.098 | 82.068 | 67.22 | 95.31 | 95.67 |
| L-2 | <0.000 002 | - | 80 | 48/24a | 0.865 | 0.232 | 0.129 | 0.127 | 7.527 | 80.630 | 65.77 | 96.79 | 97.52 |
| L-3 | <0.000 002 | - | -80 | 48/12a | 0.858 | 0.235 | 0.127 | 0.123 | 7.802 | 77.847 | 67.39 | 95.33 | 97.48 |
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不同干燥方法的干燥品测定含量以及溶解性指数和澄明度指数
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Drying method | Number | Vacuum /MPa | Power /W | Drying temperature/℃ | Dring time/h | Mass fraction/mg·g-1 | y7 /% | y8 /% | Y /% |
| y1 | y2 | y3 | y4 | y5 | y6 |
| Vacuum drying | Z-1 | 0.08 | - | 60 | 36 | 0.766 | 0.236 | 0.132 | 0.125 | 6.818 | 80.111 | 54.46 | 85.02 | 91.84 |
| Z-2 | 0.08 | - | 70 | 28 | 0.733 | 0.247 | 0.132 | 0.123 | 6.888 | 75.229 | 53.75 | 86.92 | 90.48 |
| Z-3 | 0.08 | - | 80 | 20 | 0.733 | 0.234 | 0.130 | 0.121 | 6.869 | 75.406 | 53.52 | 85.31 | 89.65 |
| Z-4 | 0.08 | - | 90 | 10 | 0.700 | 0.243 | 0.129 | 0.114 | 6.700 | 79.023 | 51.76 | 84.99 | 89.51 |
| Atmospheric pressure drying | C-1 | - | - | 70 | 48 | 0.791 | 0.219 | 0.129 | 0.119 | 6.449 | 70.878 | 37.24 | 83.93 | 84.61 |
| C-2 | - | - | 80 | 36 | 0.798 | 0.229 | 0.135 | 0.116 | 6.950 | 63.862 | 37.15 | 83.55 | 84.66 |
| C-3 | - | - | 90 | 24 | 0.768 | 0.218 | 0.124 | 0.100 | 6.799 | 69.975 | 37.14 | 81.52 | 83.87 |
| Microwave drying | W-1 | - | 250 | 75 | 0.167 | 0.761 | 0.208 | 0.130 | 0.103 | 6.656 | 67.327 | 45.25 | 78.76 | 83.18 |
| W-2 | - | 450 | 75 | 0.100 | 0.798 | 0.220 | 0.128 | 0.106 | 6.812 | 66.646 | 43.13 | 83.97 | 84.58 |
| W-3 | - | 650 | 75 | 0.067 | 0.755 | 0.214 | 0.122 | 0.102 | 7.029 | 68.989 | 41.10 | 82.25 | 84.63 |
| Freeze-drying | L-1 | <0.000 002 | - | -80 | 12/24a | 0.812 | 0.232 | 0.128 | 0.124 | 7.098 | 82.068 | 67.22 | 95.31 | 95.67 |
| L-2 | <0.000 002 | - | 80 | 48/24a | 0.865 | 0.232 | 0.129 | 0.127 | 7.527 | 80.630 | 65.77 | 96.79 | 97.52 |
| L-3 | <0.000 002 | - | -80 | 48/12a | 0.858 | 0.235 | 0.127 | 0.123 | 7.802 | 77.847 | 67.39 | 95.33 | 97.48 |
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Priority judgment matrix for paired comparison of indicators
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| Index | y5 | y6 | y1 | y2 | y3 | y4 | y7 | y8 |
| y5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| y6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| y1 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| y2 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| y3 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| y4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| y7 | 1/5 | 1/5 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 |
| y8 | 1/5 | 1/5 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197098059910922734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
层次分析法(AHP)指标成对比较优先判断矩阵
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Index | y5 | y6 | y1 | y2 | y3 | y4 | y7 | y8 |
| y5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| y6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| y1 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| y2 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| y3 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| y4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| y7 | 1/5 | 1/5 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 |
| y8 | 1/5 | 1/5 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197098059973837296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Weight value of indices
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| Index | w1 | w2 | W |
| y1 | 0.116 5 | 0.101 2 | 0.100 5 |
| y2 | 0.116 5 | 0.100 2 | 0.099 5 |
| y3 | 0.069 2 | 0.078 7 | 0.046 4 |
| y4 | 0.069 2 | 0.126 8 | 0.074 8 |
| y5 | 0.272 6 | 0.123 4 | 0.286 8 |
| y6 | 0.272 6 | 0.114 2 | 0.265 5 |
| y7 | 0.041 7 | 0.218 4 | 0.077 7 |
| y8 | 0.041 7 | 0.137 0 | 0.048 7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1197098060049334770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664139491259378, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
组合权重各指标的权重值
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| Index | w1 | w2 | W |
| y1 | 0.116 5 | 0.101 2 | 0.100 5 |
| y2 | 0.116 5 | 0.100 2 | 0.099 5 |
| y3 | 0.069 2 | 0.078 7 | 0.046 4 |
| y4 | 0.069 2 | 0.126 8 | 0.074 8 |
| y5 | 0.272 6 | 0.123 4 | 0.286 8 |
| y6 | 0.272 6 | 0.114 2 | 0.265 5 |
| y7 | 0.041 7 | 0.218 4 | 0.077 7 |
| y8 | 0.041 7 | 0.137 0 | 0.048 7 |
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