Article(id=1195386783044256236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195386781278449897, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)01-0039-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.01.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1665158400000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762932018290, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1704643200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762932018290, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762932018290, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762932018290, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195386781278449897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762932017868, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762998488032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195665577399333609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195386781278449897, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195665577399333610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195386781278449897, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=44, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195386783337857519, articleId=1195386783044256236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Effect of Total Saponin of Aralia taibaiensis on Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice with Traumatic Brain Injury by Mediating SIRT1/ FoxO1/PGC-1α Pathway, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of total saponin of Aralia taibaiensis (SAT) on cognitive dysfunction of mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by mediating silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/ forkhead transcription factor 1 (FoxO1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) pathway. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were divided into Con group, model group, SAT group (135 mg·kg-1), EX-527 group (10 mg·kg-1 SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527), and SAT+EX-527 group, 12 per group. Mice in the Con group received all surgical operations except cortical shock, and the controllable cortical shock method was used to construct the TBI model for the other groups. After the modeling was successful, the corresponding administration was performed, once a day for 7 d. Morris water maze test was performed to measure the learning and spatial memory abilities of mice; HE staining was performed to measure the pathological changes of damaged cortex; ELISA method was performed to measure the contents of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in damaged cortex; TUNEL staining was performed to measure neuronal apoptosis; and Western blot was performed to measure the expressions of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), SIRT1, Ace-FoxO1, and Ace-PGC-1α proteins in damaged cortex. RESULTS Compared with the Con group, the mice in the model group had severe pathological damage to the cerebral cortex, the escape latency was extended and the number of crossing platforms was reduced, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, neuronal apoptosis rate, and the expressions of Caspase-3, Bax, Ace-FoxO1, and Ace-PGC-1α proteins in damaged cortex were increased, the expression of SIRT1 proteins was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the pathological damage of the cerebral cortex of the mice in the SAT group was reduced, the escape latency was shortened and the number of crossing platforms was increased, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, neuronal apoptosis rate, and the expressions of Caspase-3, Bax, Ace-FoxO1, and Ace-PGC-1α proteins in damaged cortex were decreased, the expression of SIRT1 proteins was increased (P<0.05), the changes in the corresponding indicators of the EX-527 group showed an opposite trend. EX-527 reversed the improvement effect of SAT on cognitive dysfunction in TBI mice. CONCLUSION SAT may improve the cognitive dysfunction of TBI mice by activating the SIRT1/FoxO1/PGC-1α pathway.

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目的 探讨太白楤木总皂苷(SAT)介导沉默信息调节因子1(silence infor-mation regulator 1, SIRT 1)/叉头转录因子1(forkhead transcription factor 1, FoxO1)/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)通路对创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)小鼠认知功能障碍的影响。方法 将C57BL/6小鼠分为Con组、Model组、SAT组(135 mg·kg-1)、EX-527组(10 mg·kg-1 SIRT1抑制剂EX-527)、SAT+EX-527组,每组12只。Con组小鼠接受除皮层冲击外的所有手术操作,其余各组小鼠均利用可控皮层冲击法构建TBI模型,建模成功后,进行相应给药处理,每天1次,持续7 d。Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠学习与空间记忆能力;HE染色检测损伤皮质病理学变化;ELISA法检测损伤皮质中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量;TUNEL染色检测神经元凋亡;Western blot检测损伤皮质中半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、SIRT1、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达。结果 与Con组比较,Model组小鼠脑皮层组织病理损伤严重,逃避潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少,损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量、神经元凋亡率、Caspase-3、Bax、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达升高,SIRT1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与Model组比较,SAT组小鼠脑皮层组织病理学损伤减轻,逃避潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数增多,损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量、神经元凋亡率、Caspase-3、Bax、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达降低,SIRT1蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),而EX-527组对应指标变化呈相反趋势;EX-527逆转了SAT对TBI小鼠认知功能障碍的改善作用。结论 SAT可能通过激活SIRT1/ FoxO1/PGC-1α通路改善TBI小鼠认知功能障碍。

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谭薇,女,主治医师 研究方向:中医儿科诊断及用药研究 Tel:(0851)85890210

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谭薇,女,主治医师 研究方向:中医儿科诊断及用药研究 Tel:(0851)85890210

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DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12964., articleTitle=20-HETE synthesis inhibition attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis via the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway: a translational study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195498565410796330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195498565414990635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, companyId=1195498565410796330, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of traditional Chinese medicine, Guiyang 550001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195498565423379245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, companyId=1195498565410796330, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州中医药大学第一附属医院儿科, 贵阳 550001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1195498567088517971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comparison of escape latency and times of crossing platform of mice in each group. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

A-comparison of escape latency; B-comparison of the times of crossing the platform; 1)P<0.05, vs Con group;2)P<0.05, vs Model group; 3)P<0.05, vs SAT group.

, figureFileSmall=U9aUVpOTI/Nf0ll1yuxolA==, figureFileBig=U4mU+gnlfrIJSYTsYTvVwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498567180792661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组小鼠逃避潜伏期及穿越平台次数比较. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

A-逃避潜伏期比较;B-穿越平台次数比较;与Con组比较,1)P<0.05;与Model组比较, 2)P<0.05;与SAT组比较,3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=U9aUVpOTI/Nf0ll1yuxolA==, figureFileBig=U4mU+gnlfrIJSYTsYTvVwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498567285650263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Pathological changes of damaged cortex of mice detected by HE staining(×200), figureFileSmall=vxvS0ZN1TaQcw5qEopOwvg==, figureFileBig=xT8badJddyZISDdqyFtAxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498567356953433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=CN, label=图2, caption=苏木精-伊红(HE)染色检测小鼠损伤皮质病理变化(×200), figureFileSmall=vxvS0ZN1TaQcw5qEopOwvg==, figureFileBig=xT8badJddyZISDdqyFtAxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498568434889563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=TUNEL staining for detection of neuronal apoptosis in mice(×200). n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

1)P<0.05, vs Con group;2)P<0.05, vs Model group; 3)P<0.05, vs SAT group; white arrows indicate positive cells.

, figureFileSmall=yKnBjJV263f3d671b5POCg==, figureFileBig=gYRNFY9Pr8iuHtWOwaM8Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498568531358556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=CN, label=图3, caption=TUNEL染色检测小鼠神经元凋亡(×200). n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

与Con组比较,1)P<0.05;与Model组比较,2)P<0.05;与SAT组比较,3)P<0.05;白色箭头指示阳性细胞。

, figureFileSmall=yKnBjJV263f3d671b5POCg==, figureFileBig=gYRNFY9Pr8iuHtWOwaM8Mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498568590078813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Western blot detection of Caspase-3, Bax, SIRT1, Ace-FoxO1, and Ace-PGC-1α protein expression. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

1)P<0.05, vs Con group; 2)P<0.05, vs Model group; 3)P<0.05, vs SAT group.

, figureFileSmall=kLZ88HkIKawGCGrlyozZRQ==, figureFileBig=QRYwty6zIhB+G5Pbf4m6SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498568690742110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Western blot检测Caspase-3、Bax、SIRT1、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

与Con组比较,1)P<0.05;与Model组比较,2)P<0.05;与SAT组比较,3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=kLZ88HkIKawGCGrlyozZRQ==, figureFileBig=QRYwty6zIhB+G5Pbf4m6SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498568774628191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of IL-6 and TNF-α contents in damaged cortex of mice in each group. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group IL-6/pg·mg-1 TNF-α/pg·mg-1
Con 1.65±0.22 1.28±0.13
Model 7.24±0.411) 5.25±0.211)
SAT 3.66±0.292) 2.68±0.322)
EX-527 9.87±0.632) 6.85±0.462)
SAT+EX-527 5.68±0.363) 4.05±0.373)
), ArticleFig(id=1195498568887874400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386783044256236, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组小鼠损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量比较. n=6, $\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Group IL-6/pg·mg-1 TNF-α/pg·mg-1
Con 1.65±0.22 1.28±0.13
Model 7.24±0.411) 5.25±0.211)
SAT 3.66±0.292) 2.68±0.322)
EX-527 9.87±0.632) 6.85±0.462)
SAT+EX-527 5.68±0.363) 4.05±0.373)
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太白楤木总皂苷介导SIRT1/FOXO1/PGC-1α通路对创伤性脑损伤小鼠认知功能障碍的影响
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谭薇 , 吴莲珍 , 杨晨曦
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(1): 39-44
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(1): 39-44
太白楤木总皂苷介导SIRT1/FOXO1/PGC-1α通路对创伤性脑损伤小鼠认知功能障碍的影响
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谭薇, 吴莲珍, 杨晨曦
作者信息
  • 贵州中医药大学第一附属医院儿科, 贵阳 550001
  • 谭薇,女,主治医师 研究方向:中医儿科诊断及用药研究 Tel:(0851)85890210

Effect of Total Saponin of Aralia taibaiensis on Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice with Traumatic Brain Injury by Mediating SIRT1/ FoxO1/PGC-1α Pathway
TAN Wei, WU Lianzhen, YANG Chenxi
Affiliations
  • Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of traditional Chinese medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
出版时间: 2024-01-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.005
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目的 探讨太白楤木总皂苷(SAT)介导沉默信息调节因子1(silence infor-mation regulator 1, SIRT 1)/叉头转录因子1(forkhead transcription factor 1, FoxO1)/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)通路对创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)小鼠认知功能障碍的影响。方法 将C57BL/6小鼠分为Con组、Model组、SAT组(135 mg·kg-1)、EX-527组(10 mg·kg-1 SIRT1抑制剂EX-527)、SAT+EX-527组,每组12只。Con组小鼠接受除皮层冲击外的所有手术操作,其余各组小鼠均利用可控皮层冲击法构建TBI模型,建模成功后,进行相应给药处理,每天1次,持续7 d。Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠学习与空间记忆能力;HE染色检测损伤皮质病理学变化;ELISA法检测损伤皮质中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量;TUNEL染色检测神经元凋亡;Western blot检测损伤皮质中半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、SIRT1、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达。结果 与Con组比较,Model组小鼠脑皮层组织病理损伤严重,逃避潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少,损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量、神经元凋亡率、Caspase-3、Bax、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达升高,SIRT1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与Model组比较,SAT组小鼠脑皮层组织病理学损伤减轻,逃避潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数增多,损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量、神经元凋亡率、Caspase-3、Bax、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达降低,SIRT1蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),而EX-527组对应指标变化呈相反趋势;EX-527逆转了SAT对TBI小鼠认知功能障碍的改善作用。结论 SAT可能通过激活SIRT1/ FoxO1/PGC-1α通路改善TBI小鼠认知功能障碍。

太白楤木总皂苷  /  创伤性脑损伤  /  细胞凋亡  /  沉默信息调节因子1/叉头转录因子1/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α通路

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of total saponin of Aralia taibaiensis (SAT) on cognitive dysfunction of mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by mediating silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/ forkhead transcription factor 1 (FoxO1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) pathway. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were divided into Con group, model group, SAT group (135 mg·kg-1), EX-527 group (10 mg·kg-1 SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527), and SAT+EX-527 group, 12 per group. Mice in the Con group received all surgical operations except cortical shock, and the controllable cortical shock method was used to construct the TBI model for the other groups. After the modeling was successful, the corresponding administration was performed, once a day for 7 d. Morris water maze test was performed to measure the learning and spatial memory abilities of mice; HE staining was performed to measure the pathological changes of damaged cortex; ELISA method was performed to measure the contents of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in damaged cortex; TUNEL staining was performed to measure neuronal apoptosis; and Western blot was performed to measure the expressions of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), SIRT1, Ace-FoxO1, and Ace-PGC-1α proteins in damaged cortex. RESULTS Compared with the Con group, the mice in the model group had severe pathological damage to the cerebral cortex, the escape latency was extended and the number of crossing platforms was reduced, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, neuronal apoptosis rate, and the expressions of Caspase-3, Bax, Ace-FoxO1, and Ace-PGC-1α proteins in damaged cortex were increased, the expression of SIRT1 proteins was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the pathological damage of the cerebral cortex of the mice in the SAT group was reduced, the escape latency was shortened and the number of crossing platforms was increased, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, neuronal apoptosis rate, and the expressions of Caspase-3, Bax, Ace-FoxO1, and Ace-PGC-1α proteins in damaged cortex were decreased, the expression of SIRT1 proteins was increased (P<0.05), the changes in the corresponding indicators of the EX-527 group showed an opposite trend. EX-527 reversed the improvement effect of SAT on cognitive dysfunction in TBI mice. CONCLUSION SAT may improve the cognitive dysfunction of TBI mice by activating the SIRT1/FoxO1/PGC-1α pathway.

total saponin of Aralia taibaiensis  /  traumatic brain injury  /  apoptosis  /  SIRT1/FoxO1/PGC-1α pathway
谭薇, 吴莲珍, 杨晨曦. 太白楤木总皂苷介导SIRT1/FOXO1/PGC-1α通路对创伤性脑损伤小鼠认知功能障碍的影响. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (1) : 39 -44 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.005
TAN Wei, WU Lianzhen, YANG Chenxi. Effect of Total Saponin of Aralia taibaiensis on Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice with Traumatic Brain Injury by Mediating SIRT1/ FoxO1/PGC-1α Pathway[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (1) : 39 -44 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.005
创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)是世界范围内导致残疾和死亡的主要原因之一[1]。大多数中度至重度TBI患者在受伤后1~5年内具有持续和显著的认知障碍[2]。认知障碍包括注意力缺陷、执行功能、记忆、语言、视觉感知功能和心理运动功能障碍[3]。认知功能障碍会显著影响TBI患者日常生活、就业、社会关系及娱乐等[4]。因此,开发新的策略来治疗TBI认知功能障碍具有重要的意义。太白楤木总皂苷(total saponin of Aralia taibaiensis,SAT)是从太白楤木根皮中提取出来的总皂苷成分,研究显示,SAT可改善神经功能进而对缺血/再灌注小鼠脑组织发挥保护作用[5],提示SAT可对损伤的脑组织发挥保护作用。而SAT对创伤性脑损伤小鼠认知功能障碍的影响尚不清楚。有研究[6]报道,激活沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)/叉头转录因子1(forkhead transcription factor 1, FoxO1)/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α,PGC-1α)通路可预防缺血性中风。而SAT能否通过调控SIRT1/FoxO1/PGC-1α通路改善创伤性脑损伤小鼠认知功能障碍尚不明确。因此,本研究主要探究SAT对创伤性脑损伤小鼠认知功能障碍的影响及其作用机制。
66只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(吉林和元生物工程股份有限公司),生产许可证号:SYXK(吉)2021-0005。所有小鼠自由进食和饮水。本研究经本院动物护理与实验委员会批准。
SAT(纯度75%,河南中医药大学提供);EX-527(货号:YDY-1121,上海羽哚生物公司);白细胞介素6(interleukin 6,IL-6)ELISA试剂盒(货号:MM-0163M1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)ELISA试剂盒(货号:MM-0132M1)(杭州铂赛生物公司);TUNEL细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(货号:AC12L054,上海李记生物科技有限公司);兔源一抗半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)、SIRT1、FoxO1、PGC-1α、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α、β-actin及辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的羊抗兔二抗(Abcam公司)。
参考文献[7]进行TBI小鼠模型的构建,用戊巴比妥钠麻醉小鼠并固定在立体定位框架中,在头皮正中做1个矢状切口,行开颅手术并暴露颅骨,用牙科钻在右顶骨中间磨钻出直径为4 mm的缺损颅骨区域,再利用空气驱动撞针(3.0 mm直径)自与脑表面垂直方向以4 m·s-1对脑皮质进行200 ms的冲击,造成1 mm的变形深度,然后缝合伤口,并注射青霉素以防感染。Con组小鼠(12只)接受除皮层冲击外的所有手术操作。共有54只小鼠接受可控皮层冲击,成功构建TBI的小鼠有48只。将建模成功的TBI小鼠随机分为Model组、SAT组、EX-527组、SAT+EX-527组,每组12只。参考文献[5,8]及根据前期预实验结果,发现高于135 mg·kg-1的SAT浓度对TBI小鼠认知功能的改善作用与135 mg·kg-1的SAT浓度对TBI小鼠认知功能的改善作用差异不显著,故选取135 mg·kg-1 SAT为处理TBI小鼠的浓度,即SAT组灌胃135 mg·kg-1 SAT且腹腔注射10 mg·kg-1生理盐水,EX-527组腹腔注射10 mg·kg-1 SIRT1抑制剂EX-527且灌胃135 mg·kg-1生理盐水,SAT+EX-527组需灌胃135 mg·kg-1 SAT且腹腔注射10 mg·kg-1 EX-527,Con组、Model组小鼠均需灌胃135 mg·kg-1生理盐水和腹腔注射10 mg·kg-1生理盐水,每天1次,持续7 d。
末次给药结束后,进行Morris水迷宫实验;Morris水迷宫实验完成后,采用颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,收集小鼠损伤皮质分为两部分,一部分固定于4%多聚甲醛中,另一部分冻存于-80 ℃中。
测试学习能力:将小鼠置于一入水点,记录小鼠游到平台的时间为逃避潜伏期,如果在2 min内不能游到平台,就引导小鼠爬到平台,连续训练5 d,记录第6天的逃避潜伏期。测试空间记忆能力:在第7天时将平台撤去,设距平台最远的位置为入水点,观察小鼠2 min内穿越平台的次数[9]
将小鼠损伤皮质在4%多聚甲醛中固定48 h,并制备成5 μm的石蜡切片。然后,将切片用二甲苯脱蜡并在梯度酒精中脱水。用苏木精-伊红(HE)对切片进行染色,并在200倍光学显微镜下检查脑皮层组织病理特征。
严格按照ELISA试剂盒说明书操作步骤检测损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量。
将“1.6”所得石蜡切片用二甲苯脱蜡,梯度乙醇水化。然后用TUNEL试剂盒检测凋亡神经元,在光学显微镜下观察并拍照,正常细胞核为蓝色,凋亡阳性细胞呈现绿色荧光。
用RIPA裂解缓冲液提取损伤皮质总蛋白,将50 μg蛋白进行电泳、转膜、封闭,将膜与一抗Caspase-3(1∶2 000)、Bax(1∶2 000)、SIRT1(1∶1 000)、FoxO1(1∶1 000)、PGC-1α(1∶2 000)、Ace-FoxO1(1∶2 000)、Ace-PGC-1α(1∶2 000)在4 ℃下过夜,然后与HRP标记的羊抗兔二抗(1∶1 000)在室温下孵育1 h。加入ECL显影,以β-actin(1∶2 000)用作上样对照,通过Image J软件评估蛋白灰度值。
使用SPSS19.0统计软件对数据进行分析,并以平均值±标准差($ \bar{x} \pm s$)表示,多组间的统计显著性通过单因素方差分析进行,进一步两组之间的比较采用SNK-q检验,P<0.05被认为差异具有统计学意义。
与Con组比较,Model组小鼠逃避潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少(P<0.05);与Model组比较,SAT组小鼠逃避潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数增加,而EX-527组呈相反趋势(P<0.05);与SAT组比较,SAT+EX-527组小鼠逃避潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少(P<0.05),见图1
与Con组比较,Model组小鼠脑皮层组织结构紊乱,出现组织缺损,神经元排列无序,有大量炎性细胞浸润;与Model组比较,SAT组小鼠病理学损伤减轻,而EX-527组小鼠病理学损伤加剧;与SAT组比较,SAT+EX-527组小鼠病理学损伤加重,见图2
与Con组比较,Model组小鼠损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.05);与Model组比较,SAT组小鼠损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量显著降低,而EX-527组呈相反趋势(P<0.05);与SAT组比较,SAT+EX-527组小鼠损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.05),见表1
与Con组比较,Model组小鼠神经元凋亡率显著升高(P<0.05);与Model组比较,SAT组小鼠神经元凋亡率显著降低,而EX-527组呈相反趋势(P<0.05);与SAT组比较,SAT+EX-527组小鼠神经元凋亡率显著升高(P<0.05),见图3
与Con组比较,Model组Caspase-3、Bax、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达升高,SIRT1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与Model组比较,SAT组Caspase-3、Bax、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达降低,SIRT1蛋白表达升高,而EX-527组呈相反趋势(P<0.05);与SAT组比较,SAT+EX-527组Caspase-3、Bax、Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达升高,SIRT1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),见图4
TBI是神经外科常见的急危重症,具有发病率、致残率高的特点[10]。据报道[11],除原发性机械损伤外,TBI还会激活导致继发性脑损伤的一系列病理生理机制,如氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、炎症和神经元凋亡等。本研究利用可控皮层冲击法构建TBI小鼠模型,结果显示,与Con组比较,Model组小鼠脑皮层组织结构紊乱,出现组织缺损,神经元排列无序,有大量炎性细胞浸润,逃避潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少,提示TBI小鼠模型构建成功,且TBI小鼠存在认知功能障碍。研究表明,炎症反应是TBI后发生的重要不良病理事件,TNF-α、IL-6的高表达可响应炎症反应[12];TBI会诱导大脑中大量神经元凋亡,如果控制不当,神经元凋亡会加重脑组织损伤并导致神经功能缺损[13];凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Caspase-3在神经元大量凋亡的脑梗死大鼠脑组织中高表达[14]。本研究结果显示,与Con组比较,Model组小鼠损伤皮质中IL-6、TNF-α含量、神经元凋亡率、Bax及Caspase-3蛋白显著升高,提示TBI后会诱导炎症反应及神经元凋亡。
SAT是一种优质天然产物,具有降血糖、抗氧化、保肝和抗炎作用[15]。有研究报道,SAT可能通过促进血管新生,发挥对缺血性脑卒中的保护作用[16];SAT可抑制2型糖尿病模型小鼠肾脏细胞凋亡[17]。而SAT对TBI小鼠认知功能障碍的影响尚不清楚。本研究结果显示,给予SAT治疗后,TBI小鼠脑皮层组织病理损伤减轻,学习和记忆能力增强,炎症反应及神经元凋亡明显改善,提示SAT可改善TBI小鼠认知功能障碍。
SIRT1是一种组蛋白去乙酰化酶,而FoxO1和PGC-1α是SIRT1的直接底物。许多研究已经表明,当SIRT1被激活时,它可以通过脱乙酰化下游FoxO1和PGC-1α发挥抗凋亡、抗炎作用[18]。Wang等[19]报道Piceatannol通过激活SIRT1/FoxO1信号通路抑制脑缺血/再灌注小鼠神经元凋亡,丹参提取物能够明显促进脑外伤模型大鼠脑神经元SIRT1表达,增强SIRT1的去乙酰化活性,正向调节SIRT1-FoxO1通路发挥神经保护作用[20]。激活SIRT1/PGC-1α通路可减轻TBI诱导的线粒体功能障碍和神经元凋亡[21]。本研究结果显示,与Con组比较,Model组小鼠损伤皮质中SIRT1/FoxO1/PGC-1α通路相关蛋白SIRT1表达降低,Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达升高,而经SAT治疗后,小鼠损伤皮质中SIRT1/FoxO1/PGC-1α通路相关蛋白的表达与上述相反,猜想SAT可能通过激活SIRT1/FoxO1/PGC-1α通路来改善TBI小鼠认知功能障碍。为了验证该推测,本研究利用SIRT1抑制剂EX-527进行干预,结果显示,与Model组比较,EX-527组SIRT1蛋白表达降低,Ace-FoxO1、Ace-PGC-1α蛋白表达升高,小鼠学习与记忆能力降低,脑皮质组织损伤加剧,炎症反应及神经元凋亡严重,且EX-527可减弱SAT对TBI小鼠认知功能障碍的改善作用。
综上所述,SAT可能通过激活SIRT1/FoxO1/PGC-1α通路改善TBI小鼠认知功能障碍。然而,关于SAT改善TBI小鼠认知功能障碍涉及的通路较多,有待后续实验进一步深入探究。
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2024年第59卷第1期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.005
  • 接收时间:2022-10-08
  • 首发时间:2025-11-12
  • 出版时间:2024-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-08
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    贵州中医药大学第一附属医院儿科, 贵阳 550001
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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