Article(id=1195386782549324016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195386781278449897, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)01-0052-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.01.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1668960000000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762932018171, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1704643200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762932018171, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762932018171, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762932018171, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195386781278449897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762932017868, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762998488032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195665577399333609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195386781278449897, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195665577399333610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195386781278449897, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=52, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195386782800982260, articleId=1195386782549324016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Stability and Dissolution Study of Indomethacin Amorphous Solid Dispersion Using Crospovidone as Carrier, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare the powders and tablets of indomethacin solid dispersion by spray drying method with crospovidone as carrier. METHODS Modulated differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared were used to investigate the physical state of the drug in carriers and to detect the possible interactions between the drug and carriers in the solid dispersions. RESULTS Indomethacin remained amorphous in the presence of crospovidone when the drug loading was below 20%, and the hydrogen bonds between the drug and carriers were formed in the solid dispersion. Accelerated stability tests demonstrated that the amorphous solid dispersions using crospovidone as carrier were stable when the drug loading was less than 20%. CONCLUSION The solid dispersion tablets prepared with crospovidone exhibited shorter disintegration time and faster dissolution rate compared with the tablets using povidone or copovidone.

, correspAuthors=CAI Ting, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=REN Qin, LIU Yi, WANG Weifang, CAI Ting), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195387047402844697, articleId=1195386782549324016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=以交联聚维酮为载体的吲哚美辛固体分散体稳定性和溶出行为研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 以交联聚维酮为载体,通过喷雾干燥方法制备吲哚美辛固体分散体粉末和片剂。方法 采用调试差示扫描量热、粉末X射线衍射和傅里叶转换红外光谱法,确定药物在载体中的物理状态和药物与载体之间可能存在的相互作用。结果 当载药量低于20%时,药物在交联聚维酮中以无定形态存在,且药物与载体之间存在氢键相互作用。加速稳定性实验结果表明,固体分散体载药量低于20%时,以交联聚维酮为载体的固体分散体中物理稳定性良好。结论 与聚维酮或共聚维酮相比,以交联聚维酮为载体的固体分散体片剂具有更快的片剂崩解速度和更高的药物溶出速率。

, correspAuthors=蔡挺, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*蔡挺,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:物理药剂学、药物晶体学、药物制剂工程、创新药物剂型设计和药物体内过程研究 Tel:(025)83271123
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任沁,女,硕士,应用技术工程师 研究方向:聚维酮类、纤维素类、PLGA类药用辅料技术服务及应用研究

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任沁,女,硕士,应用技术工程师 研究方向:聚维酮类、纤维素类、PLGA类药用辅料技术服务及应用研究

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任沁,女,硕士,应用技术工程师 研究方向:聚维酮类、纤维素类、PLGA类药用辅料技术服务及应用研究

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ArticleFig(id=1195498605093110332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782549324016, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=In vitro dissolution of tablets prepared by different ratio and different carriers of IMC ASD powders. n=6,$ \bar{x} \pm s$, figureFileSmall=8Hnfy7YQfOcP2g+wu4SPRQ==, figureFileBig=U+b9g5ojanQq859lCj1xSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498605168607805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782549324016, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同载体不同比例IMC ASD粉末制得片剂的体外溶出度. n=6,$ \bar{x} \pm s$, figureFileSmall=8Hnfy7YQfOcP2g+wu4SPRQ==, figureFileBig=U+b9g5ojanQq859lCj1xSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195498605231522366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782549324016, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Indomethacin ASD formulations with different ratio of polymers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The ratio of IMC
and polymers
Content IMC
/%
Content Polymers
/%
1∶9 10 90
2∶8 20 80
3∶7 30 70
4∶6 40 60
5∶5 50 50
), ArticleFig(id=1195498605307019839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782549324016, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同聚合物比例的吲哚美辛(IMC) 无定形固体分散体(ASD)处方

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The ratio of IMC
and polymers
Content IMC
/%
Content Polymers
/%
1∶9 10 90
2∶8 20 80
3∶7 30 70
4∶6 40 60
5∶5 50 50
), ArticleFig(id=1195498605386711616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782549324016, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Disintegration time of tablets prepared with different ratio and different carriers of IMC ASD powders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Carriers IMC -Polymers
1∶9 2∶8 3∶7 4∶6 5∶5
PVP >60 min >60 min >60 min >60 min >60 min
PVPVA >60 min >60 min >60 min >60 min >60 min
PVPP 3 s 5 s 5 s 6 s 6 s
), ArticleFig(id=1195498605462209089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782549324016, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同载体不同比例IMC ASD粉末制得片剂的崩解时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Carriers IMC -Polymers
1∶9 2∶8 3∶7 4∶6 5∶5
PVP >60 min >60 min >60 min >60 min >60 min
PVPVA >60 min >60 min >60 min >60 min >60 min
PVPP 3 s 5 s 5 s 6 s 6 s
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以交联聚维酮为载体的吲哚美辛固体分散体稳定性和溶出行为研究
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任沁 1 , 刘怡 1 , 王伟芳 2 , 蔡挺 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(1): 52-59
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(1): 52-59
以交联聚维酮为载体的吲哚美辛固体分散体稳定性和溶出行为研究
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任沁1, 刘怡1, 王伟芳2, 蔡挺2, *
作者信息
  • 1 上海亚什兰化工技术开发有限公司,上海 200233
  • 2 中国药科大学药学院,南京 210009
  • 任沁,女,硕士,应用技术工程师 研究方向:聚维酮类、纤维素类、PLGA类药用辅料技术服务及应用研究

通讯作者:

*蔡挺,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:物理药剂学、药物晶体学、药物制剂工程、创新药物剂型设计和药物体内过程研究 Tel:(025)83271123
Stability and Dissolution Study of Indomethacin Amorphous Solid Dispersion Using Crospovidone as Carrier
REN Qin1, LIU Yi1, WANG Weifang2, CAI Ting2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Shanghai Ashland Chemical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
  • 2 School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
出版时间: 2024-01-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.007
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目的 以交联聚维酮为载体,通过喷雾干燥方法制备吲哚美辛固体分散体粉末和片剂。方法 采用调试差示扫描量热、粉末X射线衍射和傅里叶转换红外光谱法,确定药物在载体中的物理状态和药物与载体之间可能存在的相互作用。结果 当载药量低于20%时,药物在交联聚维酮中以无定形态存在,且药物与载体之间存在氢键相互作用。加速稳定性实验结果表明,固体分散体载药量低于20%时,以交联聚维酮为载体的固体分散体中物理稳定性良好。结论 与聚维酮或共聚维酮相比,以交联聚维酮为载体的固体分散体片剂具有更快的片剂崩解速度和更高的药物溶出速率。

吲哚美辛  /  交联聚维酮  /  固体分散体  /  喷雾干燥  /  稳定性  /  溶出

OBJECTIVE To prepare the powders and tablets of indomethacin solid dispersion by spray drying method with crospovidone as carrier. METHODS Modulated differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared were used to investigate the physical state of the drug in carriers and to detect the possible interactions between the drug and carriers in the solid dispersions. RESULTS Indomethacin remained amorphous in the presence of crospovidone when the drug loading was below 20%, and the hydrogen bonds between the drug and carriers were formed in the solid dispersion. Accelerated stability tests demonstrated that the amorphous solid dispersions using crospovidone as carrier were stable when the drug loading was less than 20%. CONCLUSION The solid dispersion tablets prepared with crospovidone exhibited shorter disintegration time and faster dissolution rate compared with the tablets using povidone or copovidone.

indomethacin  /  crospovidone  /  solid dispersion  /  spray drying  /  stability  /  dissolution
任沁, 刘怡, 王伟芳, 蔡挺. 以交联聚维酮为载体的吲哚美辛固体分散体稳定性和溶出行为研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (1) : 52 -59 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.007
REN Qin, LIU Yi, WANG Weifang, CAI Ting. Stability and Dissolution Study of Indomethacin Amorphous Solid Dispersion Using Crospovidone as Carrier[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (1) : 52 -59 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.007
目前约有40%的市售药和大约90%的在研药为难溶性药物[1]。因此,如何提高难溶性药物溶出成为许多制剂研发人员面临的主要问题。目前常规方法,例如微粉化,成盐,环糊精包合,脂质体,前药修饰,添加表面活性剂或助溶剂,无定形固体分散体(amorphous solid dispersion,ASD)技术都可以提高难溶性药物的溶出度和生物利用度[2-6]。在上述增溶技术中,ASD技术发展迅速,已有多个不同疾病领域的难溶性药物通过应用该技术成功上市,表明ASD技术有着非常好的发展前景和临床应用价值 [7-10]。溶剂蒸发法是ASD的常用制备方法。其工业化生产主要通过喷雾干燥的方式实现,产品形态为粉末状,无需进一步粉碎操作,生产效率高[11]。喷雾干燥在应用过程中受热时间较短,不易产生过热的情况,适合热敏感和剪切敏感的物质,所以能够应用于更广泛的药物和辅料[12]
亲水性聚合物聚维酮(povidone,PVP)或共聚维酮(copovidone,PVPVA)是ASD常用的载体材料,其制得的固体分散体通常有着良好的增溶效果和物理稳定性。但是PVP或PVPVA的ASD片剂常遇到崩解缓慢的问题,这是由于当PVP或PVPVA在ASD片剂中含量较高时[13-14],遇水后大量的PVP或PVPVA易快速水化形成凝胶层,阻碍片剂快速崩解,反而降低药物的溶出速率。因此提高固体分散体片剂的崩解速率,对于改善药物溶出显得尤为重要。交联聚维酮(crospovidone,PVPP)是一种常用的超级崩解剂,这得益于其独特的粒状多孔结构和较高的表面积,可以促进口服固体制剂快速崩解。并且PVPP在大量使用时不产生凝胶层。与PVP或PVPVA相比,以PVPP为载体,制备的ASD片剂理论上具有更短的崩解时间,从而有利于提高药物的溶出速率。
吲哚美辛(indomethacin, IMC)作为本研究的难溶性模型药,是一种典型的生物药剂学分类系统(biopharmaceutics classification system,BCS)Ⅱ类药物[15]。本研究分别以PVP、PVPVA、PVPP为载体,通过喷雾干燥的方法制备了不同载药量的IMC ASD,比较不同载体对IMC的增溶效果。对ASD粉末进行物态表征,研究药物与载体之间的相互作用,并初步考察了不同载体ASD粉末的物理稳定性。最后,制备ASD片,比较不同载体制的ASD片的崩解和溶出行为。
Yamato ADL311S喷雾干燥机(日本雅马拓公司);C&C800型旋转式压片机(北京创博佳维科技有限公司);μDISS profiler型原位光纤溶出度测定仪(美国Pion公司);华溶 DS-808溶出度仪(深圳华溶分析仪器有限公司);Phenom XL G2 台式扫描电镜(复纳科学仪器上海有限公司);Q2000差示量热扫描仪(美国TA仪器有限公司);Nicolet IS5傅里叶红外光谱仪(美国赛默飞公司);Aeris X-射线衍射仪(马尔文帕纳科公司)。
IMC(湖州恒远生物化学技术有限公司);PVP(规格Plasdone K-29/32)、PVPVA(规格Plasdone S-630)、PVPP(规格Polyplasdone INF-10)(美国亚什兰公司);微晶纤维素(MCC,规格PH101,德国JRS公司);无水乙醇;硬脂酸镁(美国FACI公司)。
采用喷雾干燥法制备IMC ASD。按照表1分别称取IMC和聚合物(PVP,PVPVA,PVPP)不同质量比例(1∶9,2∶8,3∶7,4∶6 和5∶5)的混合物共30 g,加入342 mL无水乙醇,搅拌溶解或分散均匀后进行喷雾干燥,喷干进风温度为85 ℃,出风温度为50 ℃,进液速度为5.2 mL·min-1。将喷干得到的ASD粉末置于减压干燥箱中40 ℃干燥12 h以除去残留的溶剂。
称取1mg IMC和适量的ASD粉末(相当于1 mg IMC)进行溶出动力学的考察。以纯水15 mL为溶出介质,温度为(37±0.5)℃,转速为200 r·min-1。采用原位光纤药物溶出度测试仪,分别于5、10、15、30、45、60、90和120 min时测定,结果见图1
图1结果表明,通过喷雾干燥制备的ASD粉末能够有效地对药物进行增溶。PVP或PVPVA作为载体时,在较高药物含量时(>30%),其增溶效果相较于PVPP更加明显。推测其中原因,配制喷雾干燥溶液/混悬液时,PVP和PVPVA都能完全溶于乙醇,与溶解的IMC能够达到分子级别的混合,有助于实现载体控制的药物快速溶出[16]。而由于PVPP不能溶于乙醇,PVPP制得的ASD存在局部的药物和聚合物的相分离,进而影响药物的溶出。
采用mDSC对制备的ASD样品进行表征,称取样品5 mg,置于铝坩埚中,坩埚压盖密封,以氧化铝为参比。以5 ℃·min-1的速度从0 ℃升温至180 ℃,每60 s调制0.796 ℃。以PVP或PVPVA为载体的5个比例的ASD都以无定形态存在(图2)。IMC-PVPP比例为5∶5和4∶6的ASD粉末中各出现一个熔融吸热峰,说明以PVPP为载体制备的ASD粉末,当药物含量较高时,有部分IMC仍然以晶体形式存在。可能是当PVPP用量较少时,在喷雾干燥的过程中,无法使药物完全以无定形态分散在载体中。当PVPP用量提高后,即IMC-PVPP比例为1∶9,2∶8和3∶7时,对应的DSC曲线均没有吸热峰,说明IMC完全以无定形态存在于粉末中。
将不同载体不同比例的IMC ASD进行FT-IR表征,以考察其可能存在的相互作用。将不同载体不同比例的ASD粉末与溴化钾混合压片进行红外透光率扫描,结果见图3。无定形IMC分别在1 682和1 711 cm-1处有羰基的伸缩振动峰,其中1 682 cm-1对应苯甲酰的羰基振动,1 711 cm-1对应羧酸的羰基振动 [17]。当IMC与聚合物载体制备成固体分散体后,IMC上的羧酸羰基振动峰均出现位移,并向高波段移动,表明药物与聚合物存在氢键相互作用。当IMC分别与PVP、PVPVA、PVPP以5∶5的比例制成ASD后,羧基的伸缩振动由1 711 cm-1变为1 723、1 735和1 718 cm-1,根据位移程度不同,5∶5 PVP ASD向高波段位移12 cm-1, 5∶5 PVPVA ASD位移24 cm-1,5∶5 PVPP ASD位移 7cm-1,且随样品中聚合物含量增加,羧酸峰的位移程度增大。以上结果表明,IMC和3种聚合物载体之间均有氢键相互作用,根据羰基峰的偏移程度,IMC与PVPVA的相互作用最明显,PVP次之,PVPP最弱。PVP和PVPVA在无水乙醇中可完全溶解,因此可以与IMC达到分子级别的混合,形成均相的固体分散体。而PVPP在无水乙醇中不溶,与IMC制得的固体分散体可能存在药物和聚合物局部相分离。因此,以PVPP为聚合物载体制备的固体分散体氢键相互作用减弱。
分别扫描IMC以及IMC和不同载体(PVP、PVPVA、PVPP)比例为5∶5的ASD粉末。从电镜照片中可以观察到,IMC是以不规则的块状晶体存在(图4A)。对于PVP和PVPVA为载体喷干后得到的ASD中,颗粒呈球形,未观察到明显的晶体颗粒存在(图4B,4C)。而当PVPP为载体时,所得到的ASD颗粒呈不规则状态,伴随有少量晶体颗粒(图4D)。当载体为PVP或PVPVA时,PVP和PVPVA能完全溶于乙醇,与溶解的IMC达到分子溶液状态,形成更加均一的ASD。其次PVP和PVPVA与药物之间有明显的氢键作用,且相互作用力较强,使得整个ASD体系具有高稳定性,有助于抑制无定形药物结晶并维持无定形状态[18]。当载体为PVPP时,虽然其多孔结构的孔隙可吸附一定量的无定形IMC,但当载药量较高时,过量的IMC无法全部接触PVPP的有效表面,导致药物和聚合物载体的接触有限,影响IMC和PVPP之间的相互作用,最终引起重结晶的发生[19]。很明显PVP或PVPVA对IMC结晶抑制作用更强,从FT-IR结果也能表明,IMC与PVP或PVPVA之间存在的氢键作用明显强于IMC与PVPP之间的相互作用,有利于IMC维持在无定形状态。
加速稳定性试验:将不同载体的ASD粉末放置在75%湿度(饱和氯化钾溶液容器内)的40 ℃烘箱中进行稳定性实验,第1、2、4周分别测定粉末 X射线衍射(powder X-ray diffraction, PXRD)(图5),考察 ASD粉末的稳定性。对于以PVP或PVPVA为载体的ASD,样品在高温高湿条件下放置4周后,除了比例为5∶5的样品出现了微量的衍射峰,其余比例均稳定性良好。而以PVPP为聚合物载体制备的ASD,在放样前的PXRD结果显示,比例为5∶5和4∶6的样品有明显的衍射峰出现,表明这2组固体分散体中有少量IMC晶体存在。当以PVPP为载体,4∶6和5∶5的样品在40 ℃和75%湿度条件下放样4周后,衍射峰显著增强,表明有更多的无定形IMC转变为晶体。此外,比例为3∶7的样品也出现了衍射峰。而IMC和PVPP比例为2∶8和1∶9的样品在四周的稳定性试验后仍维持无定形态,表明其稳定性良好。稳定性试验结果显示,以PVP或PVPVA为聚合物载体的IMC固体分散体样品在高温高湿条件下稳定性优于以PVPP为聚合物载体的IMC固体分散体。
根据加速稳定性试验结果,结合FT-IR分析,IMC与PVPVA、PVP、PVPP均可相互作用形成氢键,从而抑制ASD结晶。通过红外光谱显示的羰基伸缩振动带发现,IMC和PVPVA的羰基峰的偏移程度最明显,PVP次之,PVPP最弱,说明IMC和聚合物氢键作用的强弱差异会影响ASD稳定性,在用量相同的情况下,氢键相互作用越弱ASD越不稳定。有相关研究发现,分子运动性是影响无定形药物结晶的本质因素[20-22]。在本研究中,加速条件下,IMC和PVPP之比为1∶9和2∶8时制得的ASD均不存在明显的IMC衍射峰,这表明无定形态的IMC没有结晶行为。这可能是因为低载药量时,无定形态IMC可被PVPP的孔隙结构吸附,分子间相互作用和孔隙的受限效应降低了药物分子运动性,有利于无定形药物的物理稳定性。而当IMC含量较高时,PVPP孔隙吸附药物有限,多余的无定形药物无法与聚合物载体形成较强的相互作用,从而导致物理稳定性降低。
考察不同聚合物载体(PVP,PVPVA、PVPP)和不同比例的IMC ASD片剂的崩解和药物溶出。IMC ASD粉末通过旋转压片机压制成直径 11 mm、片重500 mg的浅弧圆形片,含药量为25 mg,硬脂酸镁 5 mg,微晶纤维素适量(IMC和聚合物不同质量比例1∶9,2∶8,3∶7,4∶6,5∶5的微晶纤维素用量分别为245, 370, 411.7, 432.5, 445 mg)。片剂硬度为70~80 N。
按照2020年版《中国药典》通则0921崩解时限检查法,取供试品6片,分别置于吊篮的玻璃管中,启动崩解仪进行检查,各片均应在15 min内完全崩解。结果表明不同ASD制得片剂的崩解差异明显。聚合物为PVP或PVPVA的片剂崩解时间(disintegration time, DT)都超过60 min(表2)。因为PVP和PVPVA均为优异的黏合剂,作为ASD载体的用量远超过作为片剂黏合剂的常规用量。制得的片剂与水接触时,大量PVP或PVPVA会水化形成有着较强结构的凝胶层,这个凝胶层会牢固黏附片芯中的颗粒,并且阻止水分渗入片芯内部,从而导致片芯长时间无法顺利崩解(图6A,6B)。
当PVPP作为载体,制得不同IMC载药量的ASD粉末并压片,所有片剂在10 s内都能全部崩解(表2)。这得益于PVPP是一款超级崩解剂,具有粒状多孔结构。其崩解机理首先是芯吸效应。当片芯遇水后,PVPP的多孔结构能将水分快速吸入到片芯内部。其次是应力释放。PVPP在压片时受力后产生形变并能保持应力。当片芯吸收水分后,PVPP释放应力产生强大的膨胀力即崩解力,促进片芯的崩解(图6C)。因此,以PVPP为载体制得的ASD片剂,不同比例均能够在水中快速崩解。
考察IMC片剂的体外溶出,按照2020年版《中国药典》通则0931溶出度测定法,以纯水500 mL为溶出介质,温度为(37±0.5)℃,转速为75 r·min-1。采用原位光纤药物溶出度测试仪,分别于5、10、15、30、45、60、90和120 min时测定。
IMC ASD粉末的溶出动力学(图1)结果表明,PVP或PVPVA作为载体时,增溶效果更优。但ASD粉末通常会进一步制成片剂用于临床,因此片剂的崩解及溶出行为更为重要。前期崩解实验结果显示,以PVP或PVPVA作为载体时,由于最终片剂中水溶性聚合物含量偏高,导致片剂无法在规定时间内崩解。而片剂崩解速率过慢会导致药物溶出速率慢。
不同的IMC ASD片剂的溶出行为见图7,相较于PVP或PVPVA,不同比例的以PVPP为载体的ASD片剂均具有更快的药物溶出行为。以PVP或PVPVA为载体的片剂溶出速率慢,这是由于PVP和PVPVA是高效黏合剂,在最终片剂中的用量远高于常规黏合剂用量,片剂崩解慢从而导致药物溶出慢。其次,这2种聚合物均为亲水性载体,在较高用量时,水化后形成致密的凝胶层并保持较长时间,阻碍水分润湿颗粒渗入片芯内,并且阻碍药物扩散释放,从而不利于药物快速溶出。
以PVPP为载体的片剂溶出速率更快,因为PVPP是超级崩解剂,在最终片剂中含量高,并且大量使用不会形成凝胶层,从而能促进片剂的快速崩解。当片剂崩解后,以PVPP为载体的ASD粉末迅速分散,从而药物快速从分散的ASD中溶出。
通过以上溶出的结果显示,对于ASD片剂,崩解是溶出的关键因素之一。即使PVP或PVPVA能够在IMC ASD粉末形式中促进IMC的快速溶出,但由于片剂无法快速崩解,导致片剂体外溶出速率大大降低。PVPP虽然在IMC ASD粉末形式中增溶效果略逊于PVP或PVPVA,但在片剂溶出过程中,PVPP所带来的片剂快速崩解效应,对药物溶出有着非常大的促进作用。
IMC作为BCS Ⅱ类药,其水中溶解度低,本研究使用PVPP作为载体,通过喷雾干燥制备ASD,不仅能够改善IMC的溶出,同时在一定程度上解决了PVP或PVPVA作为常用的ASD载体材料时,片剂崩解时间过长,从而导致药物溶出慢的问题。
从研究结果中发现,相较于PVPP,以PVP或PVPVA为载体制得的ASD有着更佳的物理稳定性,原因可能在于,以PVP或PVPVA为载体时,聚合物与药物互溶性更好,形成均相的ASD,有利于提高物理稳定性;而以PVPP为载体时,由于PVPP不溶于乙醇,ASD中存在药物和聚合物的局部相分离,降低稳定性。PVPP的空间位阻或三维高分子链结构可能导致药物和聚合物载体的接触有限,影响IMC和PVPP的相互作用[23]。FT-IR的结果也表明, PVP或PVPVA与药物的相互作用较于PVPP更明显,所以PVPP为载体的ASD物理稳定性不如PVP或PVPVA。当降低载药量至20%, 以PVPP作为载体制备的ASD能够在加速条件下储存4周后,仍保持无定形状态。选择合适用量的PVPP,既能够提高片剂中药物的溶出,也可在储存期间达到良好的物理稳定性,从而为固体分散体片剂的开发提供了一个新的思路。当然,目前的实验结果显示以PVPP为载体的ASD,在较低载药量时才能保持相对较好的物理稳定性,在商业化ASD片剂的开发中受到一定限制。如何提高PVPP为载体的ASD的物理稳定性,对于商业化产品的开发,显得尤为重要。如选择孔隙率更高、孔径更小、表面积更大规格的PVPP,或可提高其物理稳定性,这些研究工作有待进一步开展。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(81872813)
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.007
  • 接收时间:2022-11-21
  • 首发时间:2025-11-12
  • 出版时间:2024-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-21
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国家自然科学基金项目资助(81872813)
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    1 上海亚什兰化工技术开发有限公司,上海 200233
    2 中国药科大学药学院,南京 210009

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*蔡挺,男,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:物理药剂学、药物晶体学、药物制剂工程、创新药物剂型设计和药物体内过程研究 Tel:(025)83271123
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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