Article(id=1195386782008258794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195386781278449897, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)01-0001-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.01.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1660406400000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762932018043, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1704643200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762932018043, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762932018043, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762932018043, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195386781278449897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='96', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762932017868, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762998488032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195665577399333609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195386781278449897, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195665577399333610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195386781278449897, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=6, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195386782297665773, articleId=1195386782008258794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Research Progress of Analysis Methods in vivo for Anti-tumor Drug Liposomes, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Anti-tumor drugs have high toxicity and adverse reactions. Liposome formulation can reduce drug toxicity and degradation of drug activity, which is a promising target vector. At present, the pharmacokinetic study of most anti-tumor drug liposomes mainly takes the total concentration as the index, but the free drugs are the part that really plays the pharmacological effect in vivo. So the separation and determination of the free drugs are very important. Sample pretreatment is a key step in the separation and extraction of free drugs after liposome administration. This article focuses on common detection methods, pretreatment methods and analysis examples, to provide reference for the establishment of analysis methods in vivo for anti-tumor drug liposomes.

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抗肿瘤药物毒性大,不良反应多,而脂质体剂型能够降低药物毒性,减少药物活性降解,是一种有前景的靶向载体。目前大多数抗肿瘤药物脂质体的药动学研究主要以总浓度为指标,但游离药物才是其体内真正发挥药理作用的部分,因此游离药物的分离和测定显得十分重要。其中样品前处理是脂质体给药后游离药物分离和提取的关键一步。笔者从抗肿瘤药物脂质体的常用检测方法、前处理方法及体内药物分析实例等多个方面进行探讨,以期为脂质体类药物体内分析方法的建立提供参考。

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*王明霞,女,博士,主任药师,博士生导师 研究方向:体内药物分析 Tel:(0311)66696233
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张琦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:体内药物分析及药动学

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张琦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:体内药物分析及药动学

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张琦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:体内药物分析及药动学

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Changchun: Jilin University, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498426537390635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=55, issue=null, pageStart=50, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZHU X, KONG Y, LIU Q, journalName=Pulm Pharmacol Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU X, KONG Y, LIU Q, et al. Inhalable dry powder prepared from folic acid-conjugated docetaxel liposomes alters pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties relevant to lung cancer chemotherapy[J]. Pulm Pharmacol Ther, 2019, 55:50-61., articleTitle=Inhalable dry powder prepared from folic acid-conjugated docetaxel liposomes alters pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties relevant to lung cancer chemotherapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498426642248236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=51, issue=7, pageStart=902, pageEnd=907, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=TIAN J J, ZHANG Z D, HE Y, journalName=中国医药工业杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN J J, ZHANG Z D, HE Y, et al. Local Pharmacokinetics of Chlorin e6-loaded Magnetic Ultrasound-sensitive Liposomes in Tumor Tissue Based on Microdialysis Technique[J]. Chin J Pharm(中国医药工业杂志), 2020, 51(7):902-907., articleTitle=Local Pharmacokinetics of Chlorin e6-loaded Magnetic Ultrasound-sensitive Liposomes in Tumor Tissue Based on Microdialysis Technique, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498426717745709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=980, issue=3, pageStart=381, pageEnd=384, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=DRUCKMANN S, GABIZON A, BARENHOLZ Y, journalName=Biochim Biophys Acta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DRUCKMANN S, GABIZON A, BARENHOLZ Y. Separation of liposome-associated doxorubicin from non-liposome-associated doxorubicin in human plasma: implications for pharmacokinetic studies[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1989, 980(3):381-384., articleTitle=Separation of liposome-associated doxorubicin from non-liposome-associated doxorubicin in human plasma: implications for pharmacokinetic studies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498426776465966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=232, issue=2, pageStart=149, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=MAYER L D, ST-ONGE G, journalName=Anal Biochem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAYER L D, ST-ONGE G. Determination of free and liposome-associated doxorubicin and vincristine levels in plasma under equilibrium conditions employing ultrafiltration techniques[J]. Anal Biochem, 1995, 232(2):149-157., articleTitle=Determination of free and liposome-associated doxorubicin and vincristine levels in plasma under equilibrium conditions employing ultrafiltration techniques, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498426835186223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=31, issue=1, pageStart=58, pageEnd=62, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=ZHANG L J, WANG X J, ZHANG L T, journalName=分析试验室, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG L J, WANG X J, ZHANG L T, et al. Determination of 7 hormones in fisheries water by ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Chin J Anal Lab(分析试验室), 2012, 31(1):58-62, articleTitle=Determination of 7 hormones in fisheries water by ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498426893906480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=23, pageStart=10107, pageEnd=10113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=TANG W, ZHANG Z, LI C, journalName=Nano Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG W, ZHANG Z, LI C, et al. Facile separation of PEGylated liposomes enabled by anti-PEG scFv[J]. Nano Lett, 2021, 21(23):10107-10113., articleTitle=Facile separation of PEGylated liposomes enabled by anti-PEG scFv, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498426998764081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=1072, issue=null, pageStart=149, pageEnd=160, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=XIE Y, SHAO N, JIN Y, journalName=J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Y, SHAO N, JIN Y, et al. Determination of non-liposomal and liposomal doxorubicin in plasma by LC-MS/MS coupled with an effective solid phase extraction: In comparison with ultrafiltration technique and application to a pharmacokinetic study[J]. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2018, 1072:149-160., articleTitle=Determination of non-liposomal and liposomal doxorubicin in plasma by LC-MS/MS coupled with an effective solid phase extraction: In comparison with ultrafiltration technique and application to a pharmacokinetic study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427082650162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=WANG J, journalName=The study of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome and lipo-PEG1 by biological LC-MS/MS methods, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG J. The study of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome and lipo-PEG1 by biological LC-MS/MS methods[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427137176115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=MA J, ZHU J, SHI Y K, journalName=Chin Clin Oncol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA J, ZHU J, SHI Y K, et al. Chinese expert consensus on pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in the treatment of malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma (2016)[J]. Chin Clin Oncol, articleTitle=Chinese expert consensus on pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in the treatment of malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma (2016), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427200090676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=44, authorNames=(临床肿瘤学杂志, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=(临床肿瘤学杂志), 2016, 21(12) :1118-1125., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427275588149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=47, issue=3, pageStart=223, pageEnd=228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=45, authorNames=FANG L, FAN Y, LUO L H, journalName=中国药学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG L, FAN Y, LUO L H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in Chinese tumor patients[J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2012, 47(3):223-228., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetics of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in Chinese tumor patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427338502710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=29, issue=6, pageStart=541, pageEnd=545, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=46, authorNames=MA Y, HU J, LIU B R, journalName=肿瘤基础与临床, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Y, HU J, LIU B R, et al. Research progress on clinical application of irinotecan[J]. J Basic Clin Oncol(肿瘤基础与临床), 2016, 29(6):541-545., articleTitle=Research progress on clinical application of irinotecan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427439166007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=991, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=47, authorNames=YANG F, JIANG M, LU M, journalName=Front Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG F, JIANG M, LU M, et al. Pharmacokinetic behavior of vincristine and safety following intravenous administration of vincristine sulfate liposome injection in Chinese patients with malignant lymphoma[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2018, 9:991. DOI: 10.3389/fphar., articleTitle=Pharmacokinetic behavior of vincristine and safety following intravenous administration of vincristine sulfate liposome injection in Chinese patients with malignant lymphoma, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427506274872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=478, pageEnd=482, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=48, authorNames=XU X Y, WEI X D, LU R, journalName=医学综述, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU X Y, WEI X D, LU R. Research progress of mesenchymal stem cell membrane modified nanoparticles in tumor therapy[J]. Med Recapit(医学综述), 2022, 28(3):478-482., articleTitle=Research progress of mesenchymal stem cell membrane modified nanoparticles in tumor therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427560800825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=18, issue=2, pageStart=226, pageEnd=228, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=49, authorNames=HUANG L L, WAN S S, journalName=实用药物与临床, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG L L, WAN S S. Research progress on antitumor sustained release microspheres[J]. Pract Pharm Clin Reme(实用药物与临床), 2015, 18(2):226-228., articleTitle=Research progress on antitumor sustained release microspheres, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427623715386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=154, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=50, authorNames=ZHANG Y W, SONG Z H, WANG S H, journalName=华西药学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y W, SONG Z H, WANG S H, et al. Preparation and quality evaluation of Erianin TPGS /F68 mixed micelles[J]. West China J Pharm Sci(华西药学杂志), 2021, 36(2):154-158., articleTitle=Preparation and quality evaluation of Erianin TPGS /F68 mixed micelles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195498427682435643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=45, issue=7, pageStart=1413, pageEnd=1425, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=51, authorNames=ZHONG M, HU H H, MIU M X, journalName=药物评价研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHONG M, HU H H, MIU M X, et al. Research progress and problem strategy analysis of in vivo analysis methods and pharmacokinetics of nanopharmaceutical preparations[J]. Drug Eval Res(药物评价研究), 2022, 45(7):1413-1425., articleTitle=Research progress and problem strategy analysis of in vivo analysis methods and pharmacokinetics of nanopharmaceutical preparations, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1195498422754128389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, awardId=2020ZX09201006-003, language=CN, fundingSource=科技部“十三五”新药创制重大专项项目资助(2020ZX09201006-003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1195498422812848646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, awardId=H2021206432, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省自然基金重点项目资助(H2021206432), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1195498422871568903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, awardId=20200105, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划项目资助(20200105), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195498420229157308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195498420237545917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, companyId=1195498420229157308, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195498420245934526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, companyId=1195498420229157308, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河北医科大学第四医院临床药理研究部, 石家庄 050000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1195498422489887233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Analysis
of
drugs
IS Pretreatment The chromatographic
conditions
Detection conditions
(ion pairs)
Linear range
/ng·mL-1
Refe-
rence
Determination of total
concentration
Determination of free
concentration
the chroma-
tographic
column
the
mobile
phase
Analysis
of drugs
IS Free
concen-
tration
Total
concen-
tration
Pretreatment
method
Precipitant
/extractant
The chromatog-
raphic column
The mobile
phase
Doxorubicin - - - Shimadzu MAYI-ODS column(10 mm×4.6 mm; 30 mm×4.6 mm;50 μm particle, 12 nm pore size) 5 mmol·L-1
ammoniumacetate(pH 7)-metha-
nol(95∶5,V/V)
GL Sciences Inert Sustain C18 column(3.0 mm×100 mm,3 μm) A:10 mmol·L-1 Ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (95∶5)B:10 mmol·L-1 Ammonium acetate-acetonitrile(10∶90) Detection wavelength
of HPLC: 550 nm
10-
10 000
500-
20 000
[9]
Doxorubicin Daunorubicin PPT Methanol (2%
formic acid)
Waters Oasis
HLB column
Methanol(2%
formic acid)
Agulent Extend C18 column,(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) A:Acetonitrile
(0.1% formic acid)B:Water(0.1% formic acid)
544.3
/397.1
528.3
/321.1
5~
5 000
500-
150 000
[3]
Doxorubicin Daunorubicin LLE Chloroform/1-propanol(4 ∶1,
V/V)
Waters Oasis HLB column Methanol(2%
acetic acid)
C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm) A:Water(0.1% formic acid)B:Acetonitrile (0.1% formic
acid)
544.2
/397.2
528.2
/321.2
2-
200
2-
200
[11]
Doxorubicin MET+
13CD3-DOX
PPT Methanol Waters Oasis
HLB SPE column(1cm3/30 mg)
Methanol (0.5%
formic acid)
Luna C18 column(2.0 mm×50 mm,3 μm)[17];Luna C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 5.0 μm),C18 guard column(2 mm×4 mm,3.0 μm)[30] A:Acetonitrile
(0.3% formic acid)B:Water(0.3% formic acid)
544.4
/397.2
548.5
/401.1;
130.0
/60.0
3.13-
200
156-
40 000
[29]、
[42]
Doxorubicin Daunorubicin PPT Acidification of methanol Waters Oasis
HLB 96-well
plate (30 μm,
10 mg)
Methanol(1%
formic acid)
Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm,2.6 μm) A:Water(0.1% formic acid)B:Acetonitrile 544.1
/397.0
530.6
/321.1
1.00-
400
50-
50 000
[31]
Doxorubicin Daunorubicin PPT Methanol (2%
formic acid)
Waters Oasis
HLB column
Methanol(2%
formic acid)
Zorbax Extend-C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5.0 μm) Acetonitrile(0.1% formic acid)-Water (0.1% formic acid) 544.2
/397.2
528.3
/321.1
5-
5 000
5-
5 000
[43]
Irinotecan Camptothecin PPT Methanol (0.1% acetic acid) Waters Oasis
HLB column
(1 cc/30 mg)
Methanol(2%
acetic acid)
Waters UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm) A:acetonitrileB:Water (0.1% formic acid) 587.4
/167.1
349.2
/249.0
10-
10 000
4.4-
20 000
[30]
Irinotecan D10-CPT11 PPT Acetonitrile (0.2% formic
acid)
Waters Oasis
HLB 96-well
plate (30 μm,
10 mg)
Methanol(0.2% formic acid) Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm) A:Acetonitrile (0.2% formic acid)B:Water (0.2% formic acid) 587.2
/167.1
597.2
/177.2
0.5-
1 000
10-
10 000
[32]
Vincristine Vinblastine LLE Ethyl acetate Waters Oasis
HLB column
Methanol(2%
acetic acid)
Waters Acquity UPLC© HSS T3 column(2.0 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm) A:methanolB:Water(0.2% formic acid) 413.2
/353.2
406.2
/271.6
0.2-
50
0.5-
400
[34]
), ArticleFig(id=1195498422582161924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195386782008258794, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

抗肿瘤药物脂质体血浆中游离药物和包合药物的前处理及测定方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Analysis
of
drugs
IS Pretreatment The chromatographic
conditions
Detection conditions
(ion pairs)
Linear range
/ng·mL-1
Refe-
rence
Determination of total
concentration
Determination of free
concentration
the chroma-
tographic
column
the
mobile
phase
Analysis
of drugs
IS Free
concen-
tration
Total
concen-
tration
Pretreatment
method
Precipitant
/extractant
The chromatog-
raphic column
The mobile
phase
Doxorubicin - - - Shimadzu MAYI-ODS column(10 mm×4.6 mm; 30 mm×4.6 mm;50 μm particle, 12 nm pore size) 5 mmol·L-1
ammoniumacetate(pH 7)-metha-
nol(95∶5,V/V)
GL Sciences Inert Sustain C18 column(3.0 mm×100 mm,3 μm) A:10 mmol·L-1 Ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (95∶5)B:10 mmol·L-1 Ammonium acetate-acetonitrile(10∶90) Detection wavelength
of HPLC: 550 nm
10-
10 000
500-
20 000
[9]
Doxorubicin Daunorubicin PPT Methanol (2%
formic acid)
Waters Oasis
HLB column
Methanol(2%
formic acid)
Agulent Extend C18 column,(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) A:Acetonitrile
(0.1% formic acid)B:Water(0.1% formic acid)
544.3
/397.1
528.3
/321.1
5~
5 000
500-
150 000
[3]
Doxorubicin Daunorubicin LLE Chloroform/1-propanol(4 ∶1,
V/V)
Waters Oasis HLB column Methanol(2%
acetic acid)
C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm) A:Water(0.1% formic acid)B:Acetonitrile (0.1% formic
acid)
544.2
/397.2
528.2
/321.2
2-
200
2-
200
[11]
Doxorubicin MET+
13CD3-DOX
PPT Methanol Waters Oasis
HLB SPE column(1cm3/30 mg)
Methanol (0.5%
formic acid)
Luna C18 column(2.0 mm×50 mm,3 μm)[17];Luna C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 5.0 μm),C18 guard column(2 mm×4 mm,3.0 μm)[30] A:Acetonitrile
(0.3% formic acid)B:Water(0.3% formic acid)
544.4
/397.2
548.5
/401.1;
130.0
/60.0
3.13-
200
156-
40 000
[29]、
[42]
Doxorubicin Daunorubicin PPT Acidification of methanol Waters Oasis
HLB 96-well
plate (30 μm,
10 mg)
Methanol(1%
formic acid)
Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm,2.6 μm) A:Water(0.1% formic acid)B:Acetonitrile 544.1
/397.0
530.6
/321.1
1.00-
400
50-
50 000
[31]
Doxorubicin Daunorubicin PPT Methanol (2%
formic acid)
Waters Oasis
HLB column
Methanol(2%
formic acid)
Zorbax Extend-C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5.0 μm) Acetonitrile(0.1% formic acid)-Water (0.1% formic acid) 544.2
/397.2
528.3
/321.1
5-
5 000
5-
5 000
[43]
Irinotecan Camptothecin PPT Methanol (0.1% acetic acid) Waters Oasis
HLB column
(1 cc/30 mg)
Methanol(2%
acetic acid)
Waters UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm) A:acetonitrileB:Water (0.1% formic acid) 587.4
/167.1
349.2
/249.0
10-
10 000
4.4-
20 000
[30]
Irinotecan D10-CPT11 PPT Acetonitrile (0.2% formic
acid)
Waters Oasis
HLB 96-well
plate (30 μm,
10 mg)
Methanol(0.2% formic acid) Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm) A:Acetonitrile (0.2% formic acid)B:Water (0.2% formic acid) 587.2
/167.1
597.2
/177.2
0.5-
1 000
10-
10 000
[32]
Vincristine Vinblastine LLE Ethyl acetate Waters Oasis
HLB column
Methanol(2%
acetic acid)
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[34]
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抗肿瘤药物脂质体体内分析方法的研究进展
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张琦 , 孙亚棋 , 高敬林 , 聂旭阳 , 冯章英 , 王明霞
中国药学杂志 | 综述 2024,59(1): 1-6
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中国药学杂志 | 综述 2024, 59(1): 1-6
抗肿瘤药物脂质体体内分析方法的研究进展
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张琦, 孙亚棋, 高敬林, 聂旭阳, 冯章英, 王明霞
作者信息
  • 河北医科大学第四医院临床药理研究部, 石家庄 050000
  • 张琦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:体内药物分析及药动学

通讯作者:

*王明霞,女,博士,主任药师,博士生导师 研究方向:体内药物分析 Tel:(0311)66696233
Research Progress of Analysis Methods in vivo for Anti-tumor Drug Liposomes
ZHANG Qi, SUN Yaqi, GAO Jinglin, NIE Xuyang, FENG Zhangying, WANG Mingxia
Affiliations
  • Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
出版时间: 2024-01-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.001
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抗肿瘤药物毒性大,不良反应多,而脂质体剂型能够降低药物毒性,减少药物活性降解,是一种有前景的靶向载体。目前大多数抗肿瘤药物脂质体的药动学研究主要以总浓度为指标,但游离药物才是其体内真正发挥药理作用的部分,因此游离药物的分离和测定显得十分重要。其中样品前处理是脂质体给药后游离药物分离和提取的关键一步。笔者从抗肿瘤药物脂质体的常用检测方法、前处理方法及体内药物分析实例等多个方面进行探讨,以期为脂质体类药物体内分析方法的建立提供参考。

抗肿瘤药物  /  脂质体  /  体内分析  /  样品前处理  /  游离浓度

Anti-tumor drugs have high toxicity and adverse reactions. Liposome formulation can reduce drug toxicity and degradation of drug activity, which is a promising target vector. At present, the pharmacokinetic study of most anti-tumor drug liposomes mainly takes the total concentration as the index, but the free drugs are the part that really plays the pharmacological effect in vivo. So the separation and determination of the free drugs are very important. Sample pretreatment is a key step in the separation and extraction of free drugs after liposome administration. This article focuses on common detection methods, pretreatment methods and analysis examples, to provide reference for the establishment of analysis methods in vivo for anti-tumor drug liposomes.

anti-tumor drug  /  liposome  /  in vivo analysis  /  sample pretreatment  /  free concentration
张琦, 孙亚棋, 高敬林, 聂旭阳, 冯章英, 王明霞. 抗肿瘤药物脂质体体内分析方法的研究进展. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (1) : 1 -6 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.001
ZHANG Qi, SUN Yaqi, GAO Jinglin, NIE Xuyang, FENG Zhangying, WANG Mingxia. Research Progress of Analysis Methods in vivo for Anti-tumor Drug Liposomes[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (1) : 1 -6 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.001
近年来抗肿瘤药物发展迅速,但目前临床使用的抗肿瘤药物均有不同程度的不良反应,限制了药物的使用[1]。为了降低毒副作用,提高生物利用度,延长药物在体内的作用时间,脂质体制剂的开发已成为目前药学研究的热点。脂质体(由磷脂和胆固醇组成)药物包封在磷脂层中,不仅可以保护药物的活性,减少耐药发生率,还能保护正常组织免遭药物毒性的损害,因此脂质体是一种应用前景极为广阔的安全给药形式。
肿瘤组织的毛细血管比正常血管通透性高,脂质体携载的抗肿瘤药物更易聚集在肿瘤部位[2]。研究表明,抗肿瘤药物脂质体在血液或正常组织内的游离药物浓度与其药效和毒副作用呈正相关,因此游离药物浓度是评价抗肿瘤药物药效和毒性的关键。但是目前多数药代动力学研究主要考察抗肿瘤药物脂质体给药后,血液或组织中总药物浓度的变化规律,可能无法为脂质体的药理和毒理研究提供可靠的药代动力学数据[3],因此抗肿瘤药物脂质体游离药物浓度分析方法的建立是十分必要的。笔者将从检测方法、样品前处理方法及体内药物分析实例等方面对抗肿瘤药物脂质体的体内分析方法进行探讨,以期为抗肿瘤药物脂质体的药代动力学和临床研究提供参考。
目前抗肿瘤药物脂质体的体内分析方法包括常规的色谱质谱分析法、毛细管电泳法、基于金属配合物的成像技术以及荧光影像学分析等。
国内外文献报道的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)多用于测定抗肿瘤药物脂质体总浓度,测定游离浓度的报道相对较少。HPLC分析脂质体的色谱柱有C18柱、五氟苯基(PFP)柱[4]和氰基(XDB-CN)柱[5],其中,C18柱是抗肿瘤脂质体药物浓度测定中最常用的色谱柱。流动相常选择乙腈-水、甲醇-水等。检测显弱碱性的多柔比星[6]和伊立替康(irinotecan,CPT-11)[7]时,向流动相中加入酸碱调节剂可以调整保留时间,优化色谱峰形。其中,甲酸、醋酸、醋酸铵是使用最多的酸碱调节剂。Ni等[4]用HPLC检测脂质体给药后大鼠血浆中伊立替康浓度时,将常用流动相(取磷酸盐缓冲液450 mL加入甲醇550 mL,再加入乙腈50 mL,超声脱气30 min,即得)中的磷酸盐改为醋酸铵,峰形良好,基线平稳。此外,醋酸铵与甲醇、乙腈相容性高,减少了其在色谱管路中的沉积,从而有效保护液相色谱仪及其管路。色谱洗脱方式分为等度洗脱和梯度洗脱。等度洗脱方法简便、重复性好、色谱柱易再生,但分析时间较长。目前常用的洗脱方式为梯度洗脱,可以缩短分析周期,提高分离效果,改善峰形,减少拖尾,增加灵敏度[8]
HPLC常用的检测器主要有紫外检测器、荧光检测器和质谱检测器。Yamamoto等[9]采用荧光检测器检测多柔比星脂质体的药物浓度,其总浓度和游离浓度的定量下限分别为500 和10 ng·mL-1。Li等[10]进行顺铂长效靶向脂质体药动学研究时,用紫外检测器测定药物总浓度的定量下限为100 ng·mL-1。与上述2种检测器相比,质谱检测器选择性高,定量限显著降低,灵敏度增强,更适合于血浆中游离药物浓度的测定。现有测定抗肿瘤药物脂质体的液质联用法多采用电喷雾电离源(electrospray ionization,ESI),多反应监测模式,三重四极杆质量分析器。Liu等[11]建立液质联用法测定脂质体给药后血浆中游离多柔比星药物浓度。该实验在ESI源、多反应监测模式下检测,结果显示,多柔比星脂质体游离浓度的定量限达到0.2 ng·mL-1,能够满足临床多柔比星药物浓度的测定要求。
毛细管电泳法最大的优点是分离效率高,样品用量少[12],特别适合对儿童患者进行检测。与色谱法相比,毛细管电泳法检测限高,灵敏度低。目前文献对于该方面的相关报道较少。Kim等[13]建立了一种基于毛细管电泳激光诱导荧光检测的方法,同时分离游离多柔比星和脂质体包合多柔比星,结果表明游离多柔比星定量下限为100 ng·mL-1,不适合对临床血浆样本中游离药物浓度的测定。
基于金属配合物的成像技术包括单光子发射计算机层析成像(single-photon emission computed tomography,SPECT)和正电子发射计算机断层扫描(positron emission computed tomography,PET)。
SPECT利用单光子放射性核素发射的γ射线成像。常用的γ发射体为锝-99m(99mTc)和铟-111(111In)[14]。Ito等[15]111In标记的脂质体作为生物标志物,通过SPECT技术,观测其在肿瘤部位的聚集,评估了多柔比星脂质体的抗肿瘤效果。
PET是一种通过检测发射正电子的同位素在生物体各部位的浓聚程度来实现图像采集的技术。常用的金属同位素有64Cu[16-17]89Zr[18]52Mn。Mukai等[17]64Cu复合物脂质体应用于核酸药物药动学研究,用液相色谱-串联质谱分析和PET成像的组合方法比较寡核苷酸(ODN)在肿瘤小鼠体内达到峰值的时间。与单独液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)的定量检测或动态PET成像相分析相比,将二者结合起来可以对64Cu标记的核酸药物进行更准确的药动学研究。
荧光标记法将具有荧光效应的示踪剂对脂质体进行标记,检测其在体内的变化情况。常用的荧光示踪剂有 1,1'- 二十八酯 -3,3,3',3',4- 氨基吲哚三碳菁铵,4- 氯苯磺酸盐(DiD)、自淬灭羧基荧光素、聚二乙炔等。Hagtvet 等[19]将多柔比星脂质体用DiD进行标记。荧光光学成像监测脂质体的体内分布情况,结果显示肿瘤组织中脂质体浓度在静脉注射后48h达到峰值。
除了以上检测方法外,酶联免疫吸附法和气质联用法也可用来测定抗肿瘤药物脂质体的血药浓度。Luo等[20]采用荧光酶标仪直接测定普通制剂、多柔比星脂质体以及 PEG 化的脂质体给药后大鼠血浆中的多柔比星总浓度。结果显示,与普通制剂及普通脂质体相比,PEG化脂质体半衰期延长,吸收相对数量增加,总体清除率(CL)显著降低。Zhang等[21]将贝伐单抗-ELISA 试剂盒成功应用于贝伐单抗脂质体在新西兰白兔眼部的药代动力学研究,但目前试剂盒种类有限,且方法可能存在假阳性结果,不适合推广应用。磷酰胺芥子气脂质体用气质联用法检测[22],但气质联用法要求待测物对热稳定并具有挥发性,因此应用较少。
总之,HPLC作为一种经典的体内药物分析方法,具有专属性强、重现性好[23]、适用范围广等特点,但由于定量限较高,因此多应用于总浓度的测定。脂质体给药后血浆中98%以上的药物都是以包合药物形式存在的[3],游离药物浓度较低。液质联用法因其灵敏度高,广泛用于抗肿瘤药物脂质体游离浓度的分析。
抗肿瘤药物脂质体的体内检测方法多为测定总浓度[4,10,24-28]。虽然脂质体进入生物体后,仅2%左右以游离药物形式存在,但游离药物却是发挥药效的关键[29],因此抗肿瘤药物脂质体游离药物的分离及测定是药物分析的重点。
脂质体给药后,血浆中除了药物及其代谢物,还存在盐、酸、碱、蛋白质和其他外源性或内源性的小分子。生物样品的前处理就是要采用适当的技术,最大程度消除血浆中这些因素对药物分析的影响。样品前处理方法的好坏决定了药物及代谢物浓度测定方法的准确性与结果的可靠性,因此样品的前处理是体内药物分析的决定性步骤。
蛋白沉淀法(protein precipitation,PPT)能够有效破坏脂质体,释放药物,是抗肿瘤药物脂质体总浓度测定最常用的前处理方法。使用PPT法时需确定沉淀剂的种类、体积以及体系的pH值等。常用的蛋白沉淀剂有甲醇、乙腈和两者的混合溶液。Wang[3]发现加入80倍血浆体积的甲醇能够将血浆中的多柔比星脂质体完全破坏,释放出包合的药物,并且彻底去除血浆中的内源性基质。沉淀剂的pH值也是影响PPT法对待测物提取回收率的重要因素。在沉淀多柔比星和伊立替康脂质体时,通常在沉淀剂中加入甲酸或醋酸进行酸化[3,30-32]来提高回收率。蛋白结合率高的脂质体药物可以用超声振荡来增加回收率。Dai等[33]测定细胞内外米托蒽醌浓度时,因米托蒽醌与血浆蛋白紧密结合,用乙腈直接振摇离心回收率约为60%,而超声振荡约10 min可使回收率提高到90%以上。
PPT法操作简单快速,但是可溶性蛋白质去除不彻底,也存在部分分析物的共沉淀,降低了提取回收率,不适合微量物质的分析。
液液萃取法(liquid-liquid extraction,LLE)也被用于抗肿瘤药物脂质体总浓度分析[11,34]。其主要通过去除磷脂,达到分离和纯化的目的,同时可以降低仪器检测过程中的基质效应。目前常用的萃取剂有醋酸乙酯、氯仿、丙醇,而对于紫杉醇脂质体,常采用甲基叔丁基醚[35-36]进行提取。为了提高溶解度、增加回收率,实验在萃取剂中加入缓冲溶液可调节pH值。Liu等[11]用氯仿/1-丙醇(4:1)处理血浆样品测定多柔比星脂质体总浓度时,加入硼酸盐缓冲液(pH 9.5)提高了多柔比星的溶解性,同时改变了多柔比星的油水分配系数。结果显示,高、中、低3个质控浓度下多柔比星的提取回收率分别为88.05%、75.16%和83.41%。
LLE选择性高,适用于亲脂性药物,但提取时间较长。为加快萃取速度,通常需要振摇等操作。若处理不当极易产生乳化现象,降低药物的提取回收率。
固相萃取法(solid phase extraction,SPE)可以避免LLE带来的乳化现象[33]。但SPF操作步骤繁琐,成本较高,对于总浓度的测定不是最佳的选择。Tian等[37]将微透析技术成功用于二氢卟吩e6磁性声敏脂质体的肿瘤局部药代动力学研究。微透析技术无需样品前处理,但是会稀释样品、降低回收率,不适用于分析极性小、蛋白质结合率高的化合物。
其他前处理技术还包括分子印迹技术、化学衍生化法和超临界流体萃取法(SFE)等,但是目前还没有用于抗肿瘤药物脂质体的体内分析的报道。
综上,实验中要综合考虑待测物的性质、回收率情况、检测时间长短、成本等因素,最终确定抗肿瘤药物脂质体总浓度测定的前处理方法。
目前已经报道的几种分离脂质体游离药物的方法有离子交换色谱法[38]、尺寸排阻色谱法(凝胶色谱法)[22]、超滤法[39]和SPE法。前3种分离方法有明显的局限性:离子交换色谱法的重复性差,回收率低;凝胶色谱法的样品稀释度高,分离速度慢;超滤法需要使用超滤设备,药物会吸附在设备上,又因为血浆中游离的药物量很少,回收率会大大降低,甚至很难准确分离血浆中的游离药物。目前SPE法是普遍应用的脂质体游离药物分离方法。该方法能够最大限度去除血浆中的内源性物质,具有回收率高,易于富集等优点,可以用于分离血浆中的游离药物及代谢物。
固相萃取小柱有C18柱、C8柱、强阳离子交换柱、混合型阴离子交换柱和HLB柱几种类型。目前抗肿瘤药物脂质体SPE法中常用的固相萃取柱类型为Oasis HLB SPE柱。Oasis HLB SPE柱是一种亲水亲脂平衡固相萃取柱,载样量比C18柱大,回收率高,且柱干涸不影响回收,pH适应性更广[40]。其不仅能将样品分离纯化,还可以浓缩富集,故广泛用于分离脂质体给药后血浆中的游离药物。
实际应用需根据药物的性质和分离需求来选择最优的固相萃取柱。Zhuang等[32]用Oasis HLB 96孔板分离和提取人血浆中的游离伊立替康和2种代谢产物时,游离伊立替康可以完全保留在HLB的固定相上,结果显示质控样品中游离伊立替康和2种代谢产物的平均提取回收率分别为94.6%、92.3%和72.2%。Wang[3]也选用Oasis HLB柱同时分离游离多柔比星及5种代谢产物,并成功测定了它们的浓度。
固相萃取柱在上样前通常需要活化,多柔比星脂质体常用的活化试剂为冷甲醇[41]、甲醇和水(1∶1)[3,29,42]或甲醇和磷酸盐缓冲溶液(1∶1)[43],活化后用胎牛血清[41]或人空白血浆[29,42]洗涤已活化的小柱进行预保护。长春新碱(vincristine,VCR)常用甲醇和磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer solution,PBS)活化,用空白血浆洗涤已活化的小柱[34]。伊立替康脂质体可以用甲醇和水(1∶1)活化。需要注意的是,活化溶剂用量过少可能会导致萃取柱未能充分活化。目前实验中优化的活化试剂用量通常为800 μL、1 mL或2 mL。
洗脱液的pH不仅会影响固相萃取小柱对游离药物的洗脱能力,还会影响药物的稳定性,因此实际应用中,应该根据待分离药物的性质和实际情况选择合适的洗脱液,进而准确测定脂质体游离药物浓度。
Xie等[42]使用Oasis HLB SPE柱分离游离多柔比星时,发现随着洗脱液中酸浓度的增加,游离多柔比星的含量从15%增加到85%。同时,洗脱液的pH也可能会影响药物的稳定性。游离多柔比星在含0.5%甲酸的甲醇溶液中室温放置48 h后相对误差(RE%)≤±3.8%,而在含2%~10%甲酸的甲醇溶液中RE%>15%。因此,选择含0.5%甲酸的甲醇溶液作为多柔比星游离药物浓度测定的有机洗脱液。甲酸结构式中含有的醛基可与多柔比星的氨基反应,用醋酸酸化可能会增加药物在洗脱液中的稳定性。Wang [3]也将最后的洗脱液甲醇进行适当酸化来提高洗脱效率和提取回收率,同时在淋洗液中加入微量的氨水,增大多柔比星及代谢物的保留能力,减少淋洗造成的待测物损失。结果显示,游离多柔比星低、中、高3个浓度的提取回收率可达68.4%以上。
在线固相萃取具有操作简便、稳定性好、定量限低、灵敏度高等优势,可以与HPLC相结合,是一种集样品预处理与分析检测为一体的方法。Yamamoto等[9]建立了在线固相萃取联合HPLC测定小鼠血浆中游离多柔比星的浓度,游离多柔比星在0.01~10.0 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好。
SPE是目前分离抗肿瘤药物脂质体游离药物最常用的方法,既能够去除血浆中的内源性物质,还可以分离血浆中的游离药物及代谢物。
目前针对抗肿瘤药物脂质体的研究多样,本文重点总结了多柔比星脂质体、伊立替康脂质体和长春新碱脂质体体内浓度分析的实例。研究者可以通过测定血浆/组织中的游离药物浓度和总药物浓度来计算脂质体的药代动力学参数。对探究普通剂型及脂质体剂型药代动力学行为差异的研究可以明确体内不同存在形式药物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄特点,为临床用药剂量的调整及不良反应的预测提供指导,从而保证患者用药的安全性和有效性。
多柔比星是一种蒽环类化疗药,其不良反应主要有骨髓抑制、黏膜炎、手足综合征、胃肠道反应、输注反应以及心脏毒性等[44]
Xiong等[29]采用LC-MS/MS研究了多柔比星在犬体内的药动学,前处理方法和色谱条件等详见表1。结果显示包含多柔比星与总多柔比星的cmax和AUC值为游离多柔比星的300~1 000倍。犬体内多柔比星和游离多柔比星在0.3~2.0 mg·kg-1内均呈线性药动学特征,该分析方法可靠,可应用于脂质体制剂的药动学和毒性评估。Fang等[45]用HPLC测定10名恶性肿瘤患者体内的多柔比星脂质体血浆药物总浓度。DOX在0.18~94.00 mg·L-1内具有良好的线性关系。与普通剂型的注射剂相比,多柔比星脂质体的半衰期延长了6.24倍,AUC增加了260多倍,清除率仅为普通剂型注射剂的1/408,体内作用时间显著延长,体现了脂质体长循环的特点。给药后0、0.75、2、8、24、48、72、120 、168 h取样检测,患者血药浓度范围为1.68~10.10 mg·L-1,表明该研究建立的HPLC测定血药浓度的方法可应用于临床治疗药物监测。
伊立替康是一种半合成的喜树碱衍生物,主要作用是特异性抑制DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅰ,干扰DNA复制和细胞分裂。临床已应用于胃癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌等的治疗[46]
Zhuang等[32]建立了一种可靠、稳定的人血浆中游离CPT-11和总CPT-11的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定方法,前处理方法和色谱条件等详见表1。结果显示,其总质量浓度和游离质量浓度的线性范围分别为10~10 000 ng·mL-1和0.5~1 000 ng·mL-1。该方法已成功应用于11名中国晚期实体瘤患者(412份血浆样本)体内盐酸伊立替康脂质体注射剂的临床药动学研究。
长春新碱作为一种广谱抗肿瘤药物,能够结合微管蛋白引起有丝分裂细胞的微管解聚、中期阻滞、凋亡死亡,广泛应用于急性淋巴细胞白血病、肺癌等的治疗。
Yang等[34]采用UPLC-MS/MS测定人血浆中游离长春新碱和总长春新碱的药物浓度,前处理方法和色谱条件等详见表1。结果显示,总长春新碱和游离长春新碱的线性范围分别为0.5~400 ng·mL-1和0.2~50 ng·mL-1。游离长春新碱和总长春新碱的日间精密度分别小于4.7%和9.8%。该方法已成功应用于8名中国淋巴瘤患者的药动学研究[47]。与长春新碱注射液相比,脂质体剂型的cmax和AUC0-Inf显著增加,分布容积和血浆清除率显著降低,排泄延迟,但是并没有改变长春新碱在尿液中的排泄程度和排泄途径。这表明长春新碱脂质体在体内的释放缓慢,脂质体剂型可以达到缓释的特点。
目前抗肿瘤药物脂质体血药浓度测定的应用实例以动物实验多见,但开发和验证的方法可以为进一步的临床研究提供依据。
目前抗肿瘤药物脂质体血药浓度测定方法以HPLC和液质联用法应用最为广泛。脂质体药物给药后体内同时存在游离药物和包合药物2种形式,需分别测定总浓度和游离浓度,而总浓度和游离浓度测定的关键在于样品前处理方法,固相萃取法已成为抗肿瘤脂质体药物游离浓度测定的样品前处理的常用方法。除脂质体外,其他新型的药物递送系统如纳米粒[48]、微球[49]和聚合胶束[50]等也成为目前药物研发的热点。近年来,影像学技术(如计算机断层扫描和荧光成像技术等)也逐渐被应用到纳米药物制剂体内浓度分析中。影像学技术可进行活体成像,实时监测不同形式药物的在体内的分布和靶向蓄积,区分不同形式药物的体内分布及药动学行为。但目前影像学分析只能实现对浓度的半定量,不能提供具体的浓度数值[51]。未来,药物分析新方法、新技术的联用将进一步提高检测灵敏度,缩短分析周期,为抗肿瘤药物脂质体的体内分析提供新的思路。
  • 科技部“十三五”新药创制重大专项项目资助(2020ZX09201006-003)
  • 河北省自然基金重点项目资助(H2021206432)
  • 河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划项目资助(20200105)
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2024年第59卷第1期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.01.001
  • 接收时间:2022-08-14
  • 首发时间:2025-11-12
  • 出版时间:2024-01-08
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-14
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科技部“十三五”新药创制重大专项项目资助(2020ZX09201006-003)
河北省自然基金重点项目资助(H2021206432)
河北省医学科学研究重点课题计划项目资助(20200105)
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    河北医科大学第四医院临床药理研究部, 石家庄 050000

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*王明霞,女,博士,主任药师,博士生导师 研究方向:体内药物分析 Tel:(0311)66696233
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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