Article(id=1195362267861660148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195362264082592240, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)08-0847-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.08.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1722268800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762926173415, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762926173415, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762926173415, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762926173415, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195362264082592240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='8', pageStart='777', pageEnd='890', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762926172514, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762928092119, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195370315556635165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195362264082592240, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195370315560829470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195362264082592240, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=847, endPage=855, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195362268046209526, articleId=1195362267861660148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Optimization of Preparation Process and Quality Evaluation of Temperature-Sensitive Carvacrol Mixed Micelles, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare carvacrol (CAR) mixed micelles with temperature-responsive characteristics, optimize the preparation process, and evaluate their properties. METHODS CAR mixed micelles were prepared using the thin-film dispersion method with vitamin E polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) as carrier materials. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-variation coefficient method was employed to assign weights to individual indicators, yielding an overall desirability (OD) score as an evaluation parameter. This score was combined with the response surface method (RSM) to optimize the CAR mixed micelles preparation process, followed by characterization of their physicochemical properties. RESULTS The optimal conditions for preparing CAR mixed micelles were determined as follows: the mass ratio of TPGS to PNIPAM was 9∶1, the amount of carrier was 11 mg, the hydration medium was ultrapure water, the hydration temperature was 50 ℃, the hydration volume was 9.48 mL, and the hydration time was 1 hour. Validation testing showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CAR mixed micelles was 0.025 mg·mL-1, the encapsulation efficiency was (86.36±2.29)%, the drug loading was (5.54±0.53)%, the particle size was (19.83±1.69) nm, the polydispersity index (PDI) was (0.242±0.080), and the Zeta potential was (-0.105±0.046) mV. The calculated OD value was (87.72±1.03)%, closely approximating the predicted value (86.92%), indicating reliable prediction. The CAR mixed micelles exhibited a spherical shape, uniform distribution without aggregation, and demonstrated good stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the CAR's presence within the mixed micelles. Temperature sensitivity tests revealed that the CAR mixed micelles had a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 37.64 ℃, indicating their temperature-responsive properties. CONCLUSION The optimized CAR mixed micelles exhibit excellent stability and temperature sensitivity, providing a solid experimental foundation and reference for future formulation research.

, correspAuthors=Fei HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hekun DUAN, Xuexin WEI, Xiaowei LU, Yuhui LIU, Jiajia XU, Wei XIONG, Xinli LIANG, Fei HAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195362588314874698, articleId=1195362267861660148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=香荆芥酚温敏型混合胶束的制备工艺优化及质量评价研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 制备一种具有温度响应特性的香荆芥酚(carvacrol,CAR)混合胶束,优化制备工艺,并对其进行质量评价。方法 以维生素E聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)和聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)为载体材料采用薄膜分散法制备CAR混合胶束。通过层次分析法(AHP)-变异系数法对各指标分别赋予权重,得出综合评分值(OD)作为评价参数,结合响应面法优化CAR混合胶束的制备工艺,并对其理化性质进行表征。结果 CAR混合胶束的最佳制备工艺条件为TPGS与PNIPAM质量比为9∶1,载体用量为11 mg,水化介质为超纯水,水化温度为50 ℃,水化体积为9.48 mL,水化时间为1 h。经验证测得CAR混合胶束的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值为0.025 mg·mL-1,包封率为(86.36±2.29)%,载药量为(5.54±0.53)%,粒径为(19.83±1.69)nm,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.242±0.080),Zeta电位为(-0.105±0.046)mV,OD值为(87.72±1.03)%,与预测值(86.92%)接近表明结果可靠。CAR混合胶束呈类球状,分布均匀无聚集,显示出良好的稳定性。傅里叶红外光谱与差示扫描量热分析结果表明CAR存在于混合胶束内部。温敏性实验结果显示CAR混合胶束的低临界溶解温度(LCST)值为37.64 ℃,证明其具有温度响应特性。结论 经优化制备的CAR混合胶束具有良好的稳定性和温度敏感性,可为后续制剂研究提供一定的实验基础及依据。

, correspAuthors=韩飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*韩飞,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药新剂型与新技术 Tel:(0791) 87118991
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段和焜,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:药物新剂型与新制剂

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段和焜,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:药物新剂型与新制剂

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段和焜,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:药物新剂型与新制剂

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J Polym Sci Polym Chem, 2012, 50(10): 2053-2067., articleTitle=Novel thermo-responsive self-assembly micelles from a double brush-shaped PNIPAM-g-(PA-b-PEG-b-PA)-g-PNIPAM block copolymer with PNIPAM polymers as side chains, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195390968355668436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=25, issue=5, pageStart=801, pageEnd=806, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=SHI W T, MO Q Y, TIAN T, journalName=China Pharm(中国药师), refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI W T, MO Q Y, TIAN T, et al. Extraction process optimization for isatidis Radix formula granules by variability coefficient method-AHP comprehensive weighting combined with response surface methodology[J]. China Pharm(中国药师), 2022, 25(5): 801-806., articleTitle=Extraction process optimization for isatidis Radix formula granules by variability coefficient method-AHP comprehensive weighting combined with response surface methodology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195390968414388693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=16, issue=3, pageStart=433, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=WANG Q, ATLURI K, TIWARI A K, journalName=Pharmaceuticals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Q, ATLURI K, TIWARI A K, et al. Exploring the application of micellar drug delivery systems in cancer nanomedicine[J]. Pharmaceuticals, 2023, 16(3): 433., articleTitle=Exploring the application of micellar drug delivery systems in cancer nanomedicine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195390968477303254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=25, issue=10, pageStart=2179, pageEnd=2185, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=XIA Z D, ZHANG Z Y, journalName=Mod Chin Med(中国现代中药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIA Z D, ZHANG Z Y. Preparation of luteolin-loaded nanomicelles and their pharmacokinetics in rats[J]. Mod Chin Med(中国现代中药), 2023, 25(10): 2179-2185., articleTitle=Preparation of luteolin-loaded nanomicelles and their pharmacokinetics in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195390968540217815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=27, issue=4, pageStart=17, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=ZHANG X J, NIU L, SUN Y, journalName=J Xinyu Univ(新余学院学报), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG X J, NIU L, SUN Y, et al. Study on drug coating and release properties of temperature sensitive (PNIPAM) 2-b-HTPB-b-(PNIPAM) 2 block copolymer[J]. J Xinyu Univ(新余学院学报), 2022, 27(4): 17-23., articleTitle=Study on drug coating and release properties of temperature sensitive (PNIPAM) 2-b-HTPB-b-(PNIPAM) 2 block copolymer, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1195390966522757563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, awardId=81560659, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目资助(81560659), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1195390966606643644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, awardId=20232BAB206169, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省自然科学基金项目资助(20232BAB206169), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1195390966669558205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, awardId=GJJ2200903, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省教育厅科技研究项目资助(GJJ2200903), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1195390966740861374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, awardId=YC2023-S765, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省研究生创新专项资金项目资助(YC2023-S765), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195390961598644580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390961611227493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, companyId=1195390961598644580, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390961619616102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, companyId=1195390961598644580, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 江西中医药大学药学院, 南昌 330004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1195390961699307879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390961707696488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, companyId=1195390961699307879, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390961711890793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, companyId=1195390961699307879, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 江西中医药大学现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室, 南昌 330004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1195390964413022623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of various influencing factors on OD value of CAR mixed micelles

A-effect of varying TPGS to PNIPAM mass ratio on OD values; B-effect of different carrier dosage on OD values; C-effect of different hydration medium on OD values; D-effect of varying hydration temperatures on OD values; E-effect of different hydration volumes on OD values; F-effect of different hydration times on OD values.

, figureFileSmall=GbaDNubpBup7PqyPC4NDZQ==, figureFileBig=Ao0x+goTYhg3QHjSdrzF2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390964505297312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各影响因素对香荆芥酚(CAR)混合胶束综合评分值(OD)值的影响

A-不同维生素E聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)与聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)质量比对OD值的影响;B-不同载体用量对OD值的影响;C-不同水化介质对OD值的影响;D-不同水化温度对OD值的影响;E-不同水化体积对OD值的影响;F-不同水化时间对OD值的影响。

, figureFileSmall=GbaDNubpBup7PqyPC4NDZQ==, figureFileBig=Ao0x+goTYhg3QHjSdrzF2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390964593377697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=3D response surface diagram of the effects of various factors on OD value, figureFileSmall=f4HJDLT1aAQ454CdWDq9Og==, figureFileBig=qoOWE3KmdZ8m6b0vM3VAKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390964647903650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=图2, caption=响应面设计各因素对OD值影响的三维响应面图, figureFileSmall=f4HJDLT1aAQ454CdWDq9Og==, figureFileBig=qoOWE3KmdZ8m6b0vM3VAKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390964702429603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Transmission electron microscopy of drug-carrying micelles, figureFileSmall=uHYapAtaN+7W8kIiHQzdjw==, figureFileBig=5W0mkPmmyWhC/w0UxoZdTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390964769538468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=图3, caption=CAR载药胶束的透射电镜图, figureFileSmall=uHYapAtaN+7W8kIiHQzdjw==, figureFileBig=5W0mkPmmyWhC/w0UxoZdTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390964828258725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Particle size distribution (A) and Zeta potential (B) of CAR mixed micelles, figureFileSmall=N/bBrbHpTEMGhP+FTzW3vQ==, figureFileBig=b5uYM81+yPt4F4Ou6kbRFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390964886978982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=图4, caption=CAR混合胶束的粒径分布(A)与 Zeta电位(B)图, figureFileSmall=N/bBrbHpTEMGhP+FTzW3vQ==, figureFileBig=b5uYM81+yPt4F4Ou6kbRFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390964954087847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=FT-IR spectra of CAR raw material (A),TPGS (B),PNIPAM (C),blank mixed micelles lyophilized powder (D), and CAR mixed micelles lyophilized powder (E), figureFileSmall=GH17fZHSjFdapQujiHKvKg==, figureFileBig=j3lu5jKXSNnFqdKxmtfffA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965017002408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CAR原料药(A)、TPGS(B)、PNIPAM(C)、空白混合胶束冻干粉(D)及CAR混合胶束冻干粉(E)的傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)图谱, figureFileSmall=GH17fZHSjFdapQujiHKvKg==, figureFileBig=j3lu5jKXSNnFqdKxmtfffA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965084111273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=DSC curves of CAR raw material (A),TPGS (B), PNIPAM (C), blank mixed micelles lyophilized powder (D),and CAR mixed micelles lyophilized powder (E), figureFileSmall=Cs73sXnBCCincg4OgX507w==, figureFileBig=6QJPxQBvGF4NWoSrUAGQBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965151220138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CAR原料药(A)、TPGS(B)、PNIPAM(C)、空白混合胶束冻干粉(D)、CAR混合胶束冻干粉(E)的差示扫描量热(DSC)曲线图, figureFileSmall=Cs73sXnBCCincg4OgX507w==, figureFileBig=6QJPxQBvGF4NWoSrUAGQBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965218329003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Relationship curve between absorbance values of iodine and logarithm of CAR mixed micelles concentration (logρ), figureFileSmall=eL+cvumPSIkHjYJWtVodUA==, figureFileBig=ySHjL/X3jh+N4K0tbX2HaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965289632172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=图7, caption=碘的吸光度值与CAR混合胶束浓度对数(logρ)的关系曲线图, figureFileSmall=eL+cvumPSIkHjYJWtVodUA==, figureFileBig=ySHjL/X3jh+N4K0tbX2HaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965369323949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Transmittance curve of CAR mixed micelles at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=Yi+oEqQTElOaGbfjvYzlOQ==, figureFileBig=VcniqfQVLTYoP0W7PDvd/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965428044206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=图8, caption=CAR混合胶束在不同温度下的透光率曲线图, figureFileSmall=Yi+oEqQTElOaGbfjvYzlOQ==, figureFileBig=VcniqfQVLTYoP0W7PDvd/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965490958767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Appearance of CAR mixed micelles at temperatures of 20 ℃ (A) and 50 ℃ (B), figureFileSmall=/1eNpnOqRZDOXdG6YDCqfg==, figureFileBig=sFT5sQo0IaNr24wWRkM/OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965553873328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=图9, caption=CAR混合胶束在20 ℃(A)与50 ℃(B)温度下的外观图, figureFileSmall=/1eNpnOqRZDOXdG6YDCqfg==, figureFileBig=sFT5sQo0IaNr24wWRkM/OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390965629370801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Priority judgment matrix and weight coefficients for pairwise comparison of each evaluation indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Indicators EE DL Size PDI WA/%
EE 1 1 5/3 5 35.714
DL 1 1 5/3 5 35.714
Size 3/5 3/5 1 3 21.429
PDI 1/5 1/5 1/3 1 7.143
), ArticleFig(id=1195390965755199922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

层次分析法(AHP)各项评价指标成对比较的判断优先矩阵及权重系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Indicators EE DL Size PDI WA/%
EE 1 1 5/3 5 35.714
DL 1 1 5/3 5 35.714
Size 3/5 3/5 1 3 21.429
PDI 1/5 1/5 1/3 1 7.143
), ArticleFig(id=1195390965830697395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Factors and levels in the Box-Behnken design for CAR mixed micelles preparation process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Levels Factors
A(mm) B/mg C/ ℃ D/mL
-1 5∶5 10 50 7.5
0 7∶3 15 55 10
1 9∶1 20 60 12.5
), ArticleFig(id=1195390965906194868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CAR混合胶束制备工艺的Box-Behnken设计因素与水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Levels Factors
A(mm) B/mg C/ ℃ D/mL
-1 5∶5 10 50 7.5
0 7∶3 15 55 10
1 9∶1 20 60 12.5
), ArticleFig(id=1195390965973303733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Box-Behnken response surface experiment design and results for CAR mixed micelles preparation process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Run A(mm) B/mg C/ ℃ D/mL OD/%
1 9∶1 15 55 7.5 72.39
2 7∶3 10 55 7.5 67.35
3 7∶3 10 60 10 67.02
4 7∶3 15 60 12.5 58.58
5 7∶3 15 50 7.5 61.97
6 9∶1 20 55 10 77.61
7 5∶5 20 55 10 53.60
8 7∶3 10 50 10 76.13
9 5∶5 15 60 10 60.55
10 7∶3 15 50 12.5 63.87
11 9∶1 15 55 12.5 75.31
12 5∶5 15 50 10 53.70
13 7∶3 20 60 10 56.79
14 7∶3 15 50 10 61.12
15 9∶1 15 60 10 72.17
16 5∶5 15 55 12.5 58.22
17 7∶3 20 55 12.5 52.32
18 5∶5 15 55 7.5 49.66
19 7∶3 15 55 10 64.54
20 9∶1 15 55 10 84.44
21 9∶1 20 60 10 68.97
22 7∶3 10 55 12.5 64.32
23 9∶1 15 55 10 86.90
24 9∶1 10 55 10 78.81
25 7∶3 20 50 10 63.96
26 9∶1 15 50 10 81.83
27 7∶3 15 60 7.5 55.25
28 7∶3 20 55 7.5 58.36
29 5∶5 10 55 10 62.49
), ArticleFig(id=1195390966052995510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

CAR混合胶束制备工艺的Box-Behnken响应面实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Run A(mm) B/mg C/ ℃ D/mL OD/%
1 9∶1 15 55 7.5 72.39
2 7∶3 10 55 7.5 67.35
3 7∶3 10 60 10 67.02
4 7∶3 15 60 12.5 58.58
5 7∶3 15 50 7.5 61.97
6 9∶1 20 55 10 77.61
7 5∶5 20 55 10 53.60
8 7∶3 10 50 10 76.13
9 5∶5 15 60 10 60.55
10 7∶3 15 50 12.5 63.87
11 9∶1 15 55 12.5 75.31
12 5∶5 15 50 10 53.70
13 7∶3 20 60 10 56.79
14 7∶3 15 50 10 61.12
15 9∶1 15 60 10 72.17
16 5∶5 15 55 12.5 58.22
17 7∶3 20 55 12.5 52.32
18 5∶5 15 55 7.5 49.66
19 7∶3 15 55 10 64.54
20 9∶1 15 55 10 84.44
21 9∶1 20 60 10 68.97
22 7∶3 10 55 12.5 64.32
23 9∶1 15 55 10 86.90
24 9∶1 10 55 10 78.81
25 7∶3 20 50 10 63.96
26 9∶1 15 50 10 81.83
27 7∶3 15 60 7.5 55.25
28 7∶3 20 55 7.5 58.36
29 5∶5 10 55 10 62.49
), ArticleFig(id=1195390966141075895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Regression variance analysis results of the Box-Behnken response surface optimization for CAR mixed micelles preparation process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares f Mean square F P Significance
Model 2 607.13 14 186.22 11.48 <0.000 1 significant
A 1 610.56 1 1 610.56 99.25 <0.000 1
B 251.16 1 251.16 15.48 0.001 5
C 60.18 1 60.18 3.71 0.074 7
D 4.86 1 4.86 0.299 8 0.592 7
AB 14.64 1 14.64 0.902 0.358 3
AC 80.35 1 80.35 4.95 0.043
AD 7.95 1 7.95 0.490 1 0.495 4
BC 0.619 4 1 0.619 4 0.038 2 0.847 9
BD 2.27 1 2.27 0.139 6 0.714 3
CD 0.511 2 1 0.511 2 0.031 5 0.861 7
A2 33.73 1 33.73 2.08 0.171 4
B2 0.993 2 1 0.993 2 0.061 2 0.808 2
C2 17.67 1 17.67 1.09 0.314 4
D2 128.92 1 128.92 7.94 0.013 7
Residual 227.18 14 16.23
Lack of fit 224.16 13 17.24 5.7 0.317 9 not significant
Pure error 3.03 1 3.03
Cor total 2 834.31 28
), ArticleFig(id=1195390966224961976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Box-Behnken响应而优化CAR混和胶束制备工艺实验的方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares f Mean square F P Significance
Model 2 607.13 14 186.22 11.48 <0.000 1 significant
A 1 610.56 1 1 610.56 99.25 <0.000 1
B 251.16 1 251.16 15.48 0.001 5
C 60.18 1 60.18 3.71 0.074 7
D 4.86 1 4.86 0.299 8 0.592 7
AB 14.64 1 14.64 0.902 0.358 3
AC 80.35 1 80.35 4.95 0.043
AD 7.95 1 7.95 0.490 1 0.495 4
BC 0.619 4 1 0.619 4 0.038 2 0.847 9
BD 2.27 1 2.27 0.139 6 0.714 3
CD 0.511 2 1 0.511 2 0.031 5 0.861 7
A2 33.73 1 33.73 2.08 0.171 4
B2 0.993 2 1 0.993 2 0.061 2 0.808 2
C2 17.67 1 17.67 1.09 0.314 4
D2 128.92 1 128.92 7.94 0.013 7
Residual 227.18 14 16.23
Lack of fit 224.16 13 17.24 5.7 0.317 9 not significant
Pure error 3.03 1 3.03
Cor total 2 834.31 28
), ArticleFig(id=1195390966300459449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Preliminary stability test results of CAR mixed micelles. n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Storage condition t/d EE/% DL/% Size/nm PDI
4 ℃ 0 85.81±0.29 5.63±0.02 19.96±0.07 0.216±0.006
7 85.88±0.66 5.68±0.05 21.49±0.14 0.223±0.001
14 85.15±0.23 5.43±0.02 20.38±0.92 0.257±0.026
30 86.34±0.17 5.84±0.01 21.21±1.46 0.237±0.034
25 ℃ 0 86.89±0.91 5.58±0.02 18.48±1.44 0.213±0.004
7 85.23±0.35 5.51±0.01 19.23±0.28 0.211±0.012
14 86.29±0.86 5.43±0.02 20.21±0.09 0.229±0.022
30 85.06±0.31 5.28±0.03 19.46±0.34 0.208±0.018
), ArticleFig(id=1195390966371762618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362267861660148, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

CAR混合胶束的初步稳定性实验结果。n=3,$\stackrel{-}{x}$±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Storage condition t/d EE/% DL/% Size/nm PDI
4 ℃ 0 85.81±0.29 5.63±0.02 19.96±0.07 0.216±0.006
7 85.88±0.66 5.68±0.05 21.49±0.14 0.223±0.001
14 85.15±0.23 5.43±0.02 20.38±0.92 0.257±0.026
30 86.34±0.17 5.84±0.01 21.21±1.46 0.237±0.034
25 ℃ 0 86.89±0.91 5.58±0.02 18.48±1.44 0.213±0.004
7 85.23±0.35 5.51±0.01 19.23±0.28 0.211±0.012
14 86.29±0.86 5.43±0.02 20.21±0.09 0.229±0.022
30 85.06±0.31 5.28±0.03 19.46±0.34 0.208±0.018
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香荆芥酚温敏型混合胶束的制备工艺优化及质量评价研究
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段和焜 1 , 魏学鑫 1 , 卢小微 1 , 刘玉晖 1 , 徐佳佳 1 , 熊魏 1 , 梁新丽 2 , 韩飞 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(8): 847-855
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(8): 847-855
香荆芥酚温敏型混合胶束的制备工艺优化及质量评价研究
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段和焜1, 魏学鑫1, 卢小微1, 刘玉晖1, 徐佳佳1, 熊魏1, 梁新丽2, 韩飞1, *
作者信息
  • 1 江西中医药大学药学院, 南昌 330004
  • 2 江西中医药大学现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室, 南昌 330004
  • 段和焜,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:药物新剂型与新制剂

通讯作者:

*韩飞,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药新剂型与新技术 Tel:(0791) 87118991
Optimization of Preparation Process and Quality Evaluation of Temperature-Sensitive Carvacrol Mixed Micelles
Hekun DUAN1, Xuexin WEI1, Xiaowei LU1, Yuhui LIU1, Jiajia XU1, Wei XIONG1, Xinli LIANG2, Fei HAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.08.009
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目的 制备一种具有温度响应特性的香荆芥酚(carvacrol,CAR)混合胶束,优化制备工艺,并对其进行质量评价。方法 以维生素E聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯(TPGS)和聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)为载体材料采用薄膜分散法制备CAR混合胶束。通过层次分析法(AHP)-变异系数法对各指标分别赋予权重,得出综合评分值(OD)作为评价参数,结合响应面法优化CAR混合胶束的制备工艺,并对其理化性质进行表征。结果 CAR混合胶束的最佳制备工艺条件为TPGS与PNIPAM质量比为9∶1,载体用量为11 mg,水化介质为超纯水,水化温度为50 ℃,水化体积为9.48 mL,水化时间为1 h。经验证测得CAR混合胶束的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值为0.025 mg·mL-1,包封率为(86.36±2.29)%,载药量为(5.54±0.53)%,粒径为(19.83±1.69)nm,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.242±0.080),Zeta电位为(-0.105±0.046)mV,OD值为(87.72±1.03)%,与预测值(86.92%)接近表明结果可靠。CAR混合胶束呈类球状,分布均匀无聚集,显示出良好的稳定性。傅里叶红外光谱与差示扫描量热分析结果表明CAR存在于混合胶束内部。温敏性实验结果显示CAR混合胶束的低临界溶解温度(LCST)值为37.64 ℃,证明其具有温度响应特性。结论 经优化制备的CAR混合胶束具有良好的稳定性和温度敏感性,可为后续制剂研究提供一定的实验基础及依据。

香荆芥酚  /  温度响应性  /  混合胶束  /  层次分析法  /  变异系数法  /  响应面法

OBJECTIVE To prepare carvacrol (CAR) mixed micelles with temperature-responsive characteristics, optimize the preparation process, and evaluate their properties. METHODS CAR mixed micelles were prepared using the thin-film dispersion method with vitamin E polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) as carrier materials. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-variation coefficient method was employed to assign weights to individual indicators, yielding an overall desirability (OD) score as an evaluation parameter. This score was combined with the response surface method (RSM) to optimize the CAR mixed micelles preparation process, followed by characterization of their physicochemical properties. RESULTS The optimal conditions for preparing CAR mixed micelles were determined as follows: the mass ratio of TPGS to PNIPAM was 9∶1, the amount of carrier was 11 mg, the hydration medium was ultrapure water, the hydration temperature was 50 ℃, the hydration volume was 9.48 mL, and the hydration time was 1 hour. Validation testing showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CAR mixed micelles was 0.025 mg·mL-1, the encapsulation efficiency was (86.36±2.29)%, the drug loading was (5.54±0.53)%, the particle size was (19.83±1.69) nm, the polydispersity index (PDI) was (0.242±0.080), and the Zeta potential was (-0.105±0.046) mV. The calculated OD value was (87.72±1.03)%, closely approximating the predicted value (86.92%), indicating reliable prediction. The CAR mixed micelles exhibited a spherical shape, uniform distribution without aggregation, and demonstrated good stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the CAR's presence within the mixed micelles. Temperature sensitivity tests revealed that the CAR mixed micelles had a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 37.64 ℃, indicating their temperature-responsive properties. CONCLUSION The optimized CAR mixed micelles exhibit excellent stability and temperature sensitivity, providing a solid experimental foundation and reference for future formulation research.

carvacrol  /  temperature responsiveness  /  mixed micelle  /  analytic hierarchy process  /  variation coefficient method  /  response surface methodology
段和焜, 魏学鑫, 卢小微, 刘玉晖, 徐佳佳, 熊魏, 梁新丽, 韩飞. 香荆芥酚温敏型混合胶束的制备工艺优化及质量评价研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (8) : 847 -855 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.08.009
Hekun DUAN, Xuexin WEI, Xiaowei LU, Yuhui LIU, Jiajia XU, Wei XIONG, Xinli LIANG, Fei HAN. Optimization of Preparation Process and Quality Evaluation of Temperature-Sensitive Carvacrol Mixed Micelles[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (8) : 847 -855 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.08.009
香荆芥酚(carvacrol,CAR)又称香芹酚,为单萜酚类化合物,是一种广泛存在于牛至、百里香等芳香植物中的主要成分[1]。CAR作为一种具有多种生物活性的天然化合物,具有显著的抗菌活性[2],并被证实对炎症性疾病具有极高的治疗潜力[3]。然而,CAR的挥发性和刺激性极强,同时在水中溶解度极低,严重限制了其临床应用。因此,应用新型载药技术可以提高CAR的稳定性和溶解性,这对于其应用于临床具有较为重要的实际意义。
聚合物胶束是一种广泛研究的纳米载药系统,在水性介质中通过两亲性嵌段共聚物自组装形成的核壳纳米结构[4-5]。其疏水性核心能够有效地封装疏水性药物,而亲水性外壳则提供良好的水溶性和稳定性。维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate,TPGS)是一种应用广泛的聚合物药用辅料,属于非离子表面活性剂具有较好的溶解性、稳定性、生物相容性和释药性等优势[6]。同时,聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺) (poly-N-isopropylacrylamide,PNIPAM)是一种温度响应型高分子聚合物,在低临界溶解温度(LCST)以上氢键被削弱使溶液由亲水性向疏水性转变,可作为热响应功能材料在药物递送等应用中具有重要的意义[7]。与单聚合物胶束相比,混合胶束通过不同嵌段共聚物的特性和功能可展现良好的稳定性及较高的载药能力,在药物递送系统中具有更广阔的应用前景[8]
因此,本研究尝试以TPGS和PNIPAM为载体材料制备一种具有温度响应性的CAR混合胶束,并通过层次分析法(AHP)-变异系数法结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化混合胶束的制备工艺,并对理化性质进行评价表征。
1260型高效液相色谱仪(美国Agilent公司);RE-52型旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂);Nano-ZS型马尔文纳米粒度仪(英国马尔文公司);HT7800型透射电子显微镜(日本HITACHI公司);Spectrum Two型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(美国PerkinElmer公司);Diamond DSC 4000型差示扫描量热分析仪(美国PerkinElmer公司);UV756CRT型紫外可见分光光度计(上海佑科仪器仪表有限公司)。
CAR原料药(纯度≥98%,江西鑫森天然植物油有限公司,批号:20230306);TPGS(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司,批号:C15030717);PNIPAM(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司,批号:C16043020);CAR标准品(纯度≥99%,批号:AL201129-03)、甘露醇(批号:D2108274)、溴化钾(批号:F23251510)(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司);乙腈、甲醇为色谱纯,水为自制超纯水,其余试剂均为分析纯。
采用薄膜分散法制备CAR混合胶束[9-10]。称取25 mg的CAR原料药置于25 mL量瓶中,加入无水乙醇使其完全溶解,摇匀定容制成1 mg·mL-1的CAR供试品溶液。称取处方量的PNIPAM和TPGS于烧杯中,加入1 mL的CAR供试品溶液于45 ℃加热条件下磁力搅拌10 min。将上述混合溶液置于250 mL的圆底烧瓶中,以转速90 r·min-1的条件下旋转蒸发30 min除去有机溶剂,得到一层均匀的薄膜。加入10 mL超纯水适当振摇使薄膜完全溶解,以水浴温度45 ℃条件下常压水化1 h,结束后经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后置于西林瓶中,即得澄清的CAR混合胶束溶液。同法制备不含CAR的空白混合胶束溶液。取适量制备好的胶束溶液加入5%的甘露醇作为冻干保护剂,于-20 ℃冰箱中预冻24 h后,真空冷冻干燥24 h即得胶束冻干粉末。
色谱柱为Kromasil 100-5-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0 μm);乙腈-0.2%磷酸水(54∶46)为流动相;柱温:30 ℃;检测波长:274 nm;流速:1.0 mL·min-1;进样量:10 μL。
精确称取50.0 mg CAR标准品置于50 mL的量瓶中,再向其中缓慢加入无水乙醇定容,即得1 mg·mL-1 CAR对照品溶液。分别移取CAR对照品溶液用无水乙醇稀释成0.6、0.45、0.3、0.15、0.03、0.015、0.007 5 mg·mL-1一系列质量浓度的溶液。按照“2.2.1”项下色谱条件下进行试验,记录其峰面积。以CAR的质量浓度(ρ)为横坐标,测得的相应峰面积(A)为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线。得回归方程A=7 452.4ρ-1.748 6,r2=0.999 9,表明CAR在7.5~600 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好。
配制质量浓度分别为 0.03、0.15 和0.3 mg·mL-1的低、中、高3种CAR对照品溶液,各质量浓度溶液按照“2.2.1”项下色谱条件平行测定3次,记录色谱峰面积并计算日内精密度与日间精密度的相对标准偏差(RSD) 值。低、中、高质量浓度对照品溶液日内精密度试验RSD分别为0.03%、0.16%和0.32%,日间精密度RSD分别为 1.83%、0.83%和1.62%,RSD均小于3%表明仪器精密度良好,检测方法精密度符合方法学要求。
采用有机溶剂萃取法测定CAR混合胶束的包封率[11]。量取1 mL载药胶束溶液置于5 mL量瓶中,加入甲醇溶液破乳定容,超声10 min破坏胶束结构,经0.22 μm滤膜过滤,按“2.2.1”项下色谱方法测定总药量(M)。精密量取2 mL载药胶束于60 mL分液漏斗中,加入5 mL石油醚振荡萃取,静置分层后取下层混悬液,量取1 mL于置于5 mL量瓶中,用甲醇溶液破乳定容,超声10 min破坏胶束结构,经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤,按上述同步骤进行测定计算包载药量(M)。根据公式1、2计算载药胶束的包封率与载药量。
EE(%)=$\frac{{M}_{包}}{{M}_{总}}$×100%
DL(%)=$\frac{{M}_{包}}{({M}_{总}+载体用量)}$×100%
吸取适量CAR混合胶束溶液用超纯水稀释10倍后置于马尔文样品池中,用马尔文粒度仪测定胶束的粒径分布、PDI和Zeta电位。待测样品在测定参数为温度25 ℃,黏度0.887 2 cP,折光率为1.330的条件下平行测定3次。
AHP是一种基于主观经验判断各指标间重要程度,将复杂事件系统化和层次化的分析方法[12]。在评估聚合物胶束的性能时,包封率和载药量是评价其性能的关键指标,故实验将包封率、载药量、粒径及PDI等4个指标分为3个层次来构建层次分析法结构模型,确定各指标的重要程度为包封率=载药量>粒径>PDI。采用1~9标度法对各项指标进行比较,列举各评价指标的判断优先矩阵,见表1。得到AHP权重值(WA)后对矩阵进行一致性检验分析,结果得最大特征根(λmax)=4.0,一致性指标(CI)=0.0,平均随机一致性指标(RI)=0.890,随机一致性比率(CR)=0<0.1,表明此权重系数合理有效,该矩阵具有一致性。
变异系数法可对实验结果进行客观赋权,通过计算各项指标的变异系数,确定其在整体评价中的相对重要性。变异系数法的理论基础是通过指标观测值的离散程度来反映评价对象的差异,即指标的测得值差异越大,越能显著反映被评价对象之间的差距[13]。根据公式3计算各项指标的变异系数:
Vi=$\frac{{\sigma }_{i}}{{x}_{i}}$
式中:Vi是第i项指标的变异系数;σi是第i项指标的标准差;xi是第i项指标的平均数。各项指标的变异系数权重值(Wi)计算见公式4。经变异系数法计算得到包封率、载药量、粒径及PDI各项指标的Wi分别为5.78%、25.36%、43.42%、25.44%。
Wi=$\frac{{V}_{i}}{{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{V}_{i}}$
为保证权重方法主客观性,通过计算复合权重值,将多个评价指标纳入考虑,从而使所包含的信息更加科学合理。运用综合加权公式将AHP与变异系数法2种方法的权重值的结果结合得到复合权重值(Wc)。各项指标的复合权重值(Wcn)计算方法见公式5,计算得到包封率(Wc1)、载药量(Wc2)、粒径(Wc3)及PDI(Wc4)的复合权重值分别为20.75%、30.54%、32.42%、16.29%。根据各指标的测量数据与复合权重值得到OD值,以OD值作为最终评价指标,计算见公式6:
Wcn=$\frac{{W}_{in}+{W}_{An}}{2}$
$\begin{array}{l} \operatorname{OD}(\%)= \\ {\left[\frac{R_{1} W_{c 1}}{R_{1 \max }}+\frac{R_{2} W_{c 1}}{R_{2 \max }}+\frac{R_{3 \max } W_{c 1}}{R_{3}}+\frac{\left(1-R_{4}\right) W_{c 1}}{1-R_{4 \max }}\right] \times} \\ 100 \% \end{array}$
式中:R1R2R3R4分别为每次实验结果对应包封率、载药量、粒径、PDI的测定值,R1maxR2maxR3maxR4max分别为各指标对应的最优测定值。其中,粒径与PDI的测定值越小胶束性能越好,故对两项指标进行换算,使之与各项指标的趋势保持一致。
本实验固定初始加入CAR的质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1进行单因素实验。以OD值作为综合指标,调整TPGS与PNIPAM的质量比(9∶1、7∶3、5∶5、3∶7、1∶9);TPGS与PNIPAM 2种载体的总用量(10、15、20、25、30、35 mg);不同的水化介质(葡萄糖、生理盐水、超纯水、PBS);不同的水化温度(30、35、40、45、50、55、60 ℃),不同的水化体积用量(5、7.5、10、12.5、15、17.5、20 mL),不同的水化时间(0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3 h)考察其对OD值的影响。实验结果见图1,当TPGS与PNIPAM质量比为9∶1;载体的总用量为15 mg;水化介质为超纯水;水化温度为55 ℃;水化体积为10 mL;水化时间为1 h时达到最大的OD值,故以上述条件进行后续响应面试验设计。
基于单因素考察的实验结果,采用Box-Behnken响应面法进一步优化CAR混合胶束的制备工艺。选取TPGS与PNIPAM质量比(A)、载体用量(B)、水化温度(C)和水化体积(D)作为设计因素,以OD值为综合考察指标,进行4因素3水平的试验设计,见表2。响应面实验设计和结果见表3
运用Design Expert 13.0软件对响应面实验结果进行二次多元线性回归拟合,建立二次多元回归方程为:OD=66.87+10.79A-4.49B-2.14C+0.063 67D+1.81AB-4.24AC-1.41AD+0.372 3BC-0.752 5BD+0.357 5CD+2.99A2-0.467 6B2-2.06C2-5.56D2。如图2所示,得到各因素交互作用的三维响应面,可以看出TPGS与PNIPAM质量比(A)对OD值的影响最为显著,随着A的增加OD值呈现升高的趋势,而载体用量(B)、水化温度(C)和水化体积(D)对OD值的影响相对较小。由表4的方差分析结果可得出模型的P<0.01说明该响应曲面模型极具显著性;根据F值可得出各因素对OD值的影响大小顺序是:A>B>C>D。r2=0.919 8,F值为11.48,失拟项P=0.317 9>0.05,不具有显著性,表明所建立的模型可靠,具有较好的拟合效果,可用于预测CAR混合胶束的制备工艺。
经Design Expert 13.0软件优化得到CAR混合胶束的最佳工艺条件为:TPGS与PNIPAM质量比为9∶1,载体用量为11 mg,水化温度为50.05 ℃,水化体积为9.48 mL。考虑实际实验的可操作性,最佳工艺条件确定为:TPGS与PNIPAM质量比为9∶1,载体用量为11 mg,水化温度为50 ℃,水化体积为9.48 mL。对最佳工艺条件下的CAR混合胶束进行验证,测得平均包封率为(86.36±2.29)%,平均载药量为(5.54±0.53)%,平均粒径为(19.83±1.69)nm,PDI为(0.242±0.080)。经计算得出OD值的结果为(87.72±1.03)%(n=3),这与预测值86.92%相接近,表明模型预测的结果良好,所建立的模型具有可靠性。
移取20 μL的CAR混合胶束滴在碳膜铜网表面,放置3 min使胶束沉降到铜网中,然后用滤纸吸去多余液体。再用2%磷钨酸滴在碳支持膜铜网负染2 min,室温下自然干燥后在用透射电子显微镜下观察,采集图像分析。由图3可观察到CAR混合胶束外观呈类球状,分布均匀且无聚集现象。
取经最佳工艺优化的CAR胶束按“2.4”项下方法测定其粒径及Zeta电位。结果见图4,平均粒径为(19.83±1.69)nm,Zeta电位为(-0.105±0.046)mV。
测定CAR原料药、TPGS、PNIPAM、空白混合胶束冻干粉和CAR混合胶束冻干粉的红外吸收光谱。取各样品约3 mg以1∶100的比例与溴化钾碾磨混合后压片进行红外光谱检测。CAR原料药为非水溶性油状液体,采用液膜法将其滴于溴化钾片上进行测试。样品以波数范围4 000~400 cm-1,分辨率4 cm-1进行测定得出红外光谱曲线,结果见图5。在CAR的谱图中,CAR在3 430 cm-1处存在较宽的吸收峰表现为自由OH基团以及分子间和分子内OH基团的拉伸振动;2 959 cm-1处的峰属于CH2的拉伸振动;在1 620~1 423 cm-1之间可观察到CAR芳香环键的拉伸振动;在1 113和1 254 cm-1处分别是C-O和CH3基团弯曲振动的峰值[14]。在TPGS的谱图中,TPGS在1 752 cm-1处有1个强吸收峰,这是 TPGS中丁二酸双酯的酯羰基峰;2 879 cm-1处也存在1个宽而强的吸收峰是脂肪族亚甲基CH2的特征吸收峰;在1 460和1 103 cm-1处的吸收峰为PEG基团中C-C拉伸振动以及醚键中C-O的拉伸振动[15]。在PNIPAM的谱图中,PNIPAM在3 481 cm-1处出现了宽吸收带对应仲酰胺的N-H伸缩振动峰;在1 644 cm-1处的特征吸收峰为酰胺基团中N-H的弯曲振动[16]。在空白混合胶束与载药混合胶束的谱图中,二者的特征吸收峰基本完全重合,没有出现新的特征吸收峰。
分别称取CAR、TPGS、PNIPAM、空白混合胶束冻干粉和CAR混合胶束冻干粉各样品约5 mg进行DSC分析。将样品置于铝质坩埚内,加盖后压实置于差示扫描量热仪中。样品以空铝质坩埚作为参考对照,在氮气氛围、升温速率为10 ℃·min-1、升温范围为30~300 ℃的条件下进行测定,结果见图6。CAR在51.6 ℃出现1个明显尖锐的吸热峰,而在130到180 ℃范围内出现1个较宽的吸热峰,反映了其分解过程[17]。TPGS在38.5 ℃出现1个尖锐的吸热峰属于其熔融峰,且该温度点对应于TPGS的熔点。PNIPAM在测定的温度范围内没有明显的相变过程,而空白胶束冻干粉与CAR胶束冻干粉的DSC曲线高度重合,只显示在167 ℃存在甘露醇的吸热峰[18]。此外,二者的曲线也未见CAR的吸热峰,表明CAR在胶束中的晶型已经发生改变,推测CAR进入到混合胶束的疏水内部中。
采用碘(I2)探针增溶的紫外-可见分光光度法测定聚合物胶束的CMC值[19]。将碘1 g I2和2 g碘化钾(KI)溶解在100 mL纯化水中,混匀,制得KI/I2标准溶液,避光备用。将最佳工艺条件下的混合胶束溶液制备成0.000 1~1 mg·mL-1一系列质量浓度的水溶液。
取制备好的不同浓度的样品5.0 mL,向其中加入配备好的KI/I2标准溶液25 μL,摇匀,将混合物置于室温下在避光处放置24 h,使碘的分配达到平衡。以纯水作为空白对照,在366 nm波长处测定不同浓度的PNIPAM/TPGS混合胶束水溶液的吸光度,得到I2的吸光度与聚合物胶束对数浓度的关系曲线,两条切线交点即为CMC。结果见图7,最佳制备工艺条件下的CAR混合胶束CMC值为0.025 mg·mL-1,比单独的TPGS胶束(0.03 mg·mL-1)具有更低的CMC值[20]
通过测定不同温度下胶束的透过率确定胶束的LCST值以研究其温度响应性。用紫外可见分光光度计在500 nm波长下测定温敏胶束在20~50 ℃温度变化范围的透过率。以温度(T/ ℃)对透过率作图,绘制温敏胶束溶液的透过率-温度曲线。LCST值被定义为使总透射率下降50%时的温度[21]。结果见图8,从图8中曲线可得出CAR温敏混合胶束的LCST值为37.64 ℃。CAR混合胶束的透过率随着温度的升高而降低,且越接近LCST值下降趋势越明显。当温度远高于胶束的LCST值时,透射率基本不再发生变化。由图9A可看出,当温度低于LCST值时,胶束水溶液呈澄清透明;当温度高于LCST值时,胶束水溶液变浑浊呈乳白色(图9B),说明PNIPAM分子链与水分子之间的氢键被破坏,从亲水状态转变为疏水状态,表现出其温度的响应特性。
取新制备的胶束溶液每批样品3份分别置于室温25 ℃与低温4 ℃的条件下进行稳定性考察,按“2.3”与“2.4”项下方法于第0、7、14、30天测定其包封率、载药量、粒径、PDI初步考察稳定性,结果见表5。CAR混合胶束溶液于室温25 ℃与低温4 ℃的条件下放置1月内,其外观无显著变化且无絮状沉淀析出,各项评价指标也无明显变化,表明CAR混合胶束溶液在低温与常温下储存均具有良好的稳定性。
CAR是一种淡黄色的油状液体,因其易挥发性和刺激性导致成型性较差,难以直接应用于治疗炎症性疾病。本研究采用载体材料TPGS与具有温度响应性的功能材料PNIPAM负载CAR制备成混合胶束,以提高CAR在水溶液中的溶解度,同时增强其稳定性。通过将主观赋权的AHP与客观赋权的变异系数法相结合,对包封率、载药量、粒径及PDI等多指标进行加权计算得到OD值,以OD值作为综合指标可对制备工艺进行较全面的评价。该方法综合考虑主客观因素,可对工艺参数及指标进行整体分析,使得结果更具有科学性、合理性和准确性[22]。在单因素实验的基础上,进一步通过Box-Behnken响应面法得到CAR混合胶束的制备工艺参数显得更为合理、可靠。FT-IR与DSC的表征结果表明了在制备混合胶束的过程中,CAR与载体材料之间并没有形成新的化学键,也未发生化学反应,说明CAR成功嵌入了聚合物胶束的内部。聚合物或表面活性剂倾向于以有序的胶束结构自行组装的浓度称为CMC[23]。根据CMC的测定结果可知,制备的混合胶束具有比单独TPGS胶束更低的CMC值。胶束的稳定性主要取决于CMC,较低的CMC值将更有利于胶束的形成,且能够在进入体内经体液稀释的情况下保持良好的稳定性和结构完整性[24]。LCST的测定结果说明制备的CAR混合胶束具有良好的温度响应性,聚合物PNIPAM的LCST值大约为32 ℃[25],而本实验制备的CAR温敏混合胶束的LCST值更接近于人体体温,可为CAR实现温度响应的靶向递送,并为后续研究奠定坚实的基础。
本研究成功制备并优化了具有温度响应特性的CAR混合胶束,为其进一步的临床应用提供了实验依据和较丰富的数据参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(81560659)
  • 江西省自然科学基金项目资助(20232BAB206169)
  • 江西省教育厅科技研究项目资助(GJJ2200903)
  • 江西省研究生创新专项资金项目资助(YC2023-S765)
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2025年第60卷第8期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.08.009
  • 接收时间:2024-07-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-12
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-30
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(81560659)
江西省自然科学基金项目资助(20232BAB206169)
江西省教育厅科技研究项目资助(GJJ2200903)
江西省研究生创新专项资金项目资助(YC2023-S765)
作者信息
    1 江西中医药大学药学院, 南昌 330004
    2 江西中医药大学现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室, 南昌 330004

通讯作者:

*韩飞,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药新剂型与新技术 Tel:(0791) 87118991
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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