Article(id=1195362265370247954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195362264082592240, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)08-0801-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.08.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1728316800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762926172821, onlineDateStr=2025-11-12, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762926172821, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762926172821, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762926172821, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195362264082592240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='8', pageStart='777', pageEnd='890', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762926172514, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762928092119, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195370315556635165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195362264082592240, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195370315560829470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195362264082592240, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=801, endPage=808, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195362265554797332, articleId=1195362265370247954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Optimization of Extraction Process for Erxian Decoction Based on Standard Relation and AHP-Entropy Weight Method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To ensure the equivalence of the ancient and modern processes, and optimize the alcohol extractionprocess of Erxian Decoction(EXD), using standard relation andanalytic hierarchy process(AHP)-entropy weight method combinedwith Box-Behnken response surface method. METHODS Taking phellodendrine, mangiferin, ferulic acid, berberine, curculigoside, epmedin A1, epmedin A, epmedin B, epmedin C, icariin content, dry extract rate and fingerprint similarity as the key quality factors, taking ethanol concetration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction time as the key process parameters, the best extraction process was obtained by Box-Behnken response surface method. RESULTS The optimal conditions were 75% ethanol, 1∶14 solid-liquid ratio (g∶mL) and 62 min extraction time. The verified experimental results showed that the average comprehensive score was 86.64, and the relative standard deviation(RSD) was 1.02%. CONCLUSION The alcohol extraction process of EXD is optimized using standard relation combined with AHP-entropy weight method, the fitted model is significant, and the quality of the standard decoction is highly consistent, which provids a reference for the change of dosage form in the later stage.

, correspAuthors=Shuchang WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Min ZHANG, Xueyan HUANG, Qingxiang ZENG, Xiaoyu WU, Xiaoxia LIU, Xiaoli FENG, Wenrui FU, Shuchang WEI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195362339009643312, articleId=1195362265370247954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于基准关联度和AHP-熵权法的二仙汤醇提工艺研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 为保证二仙汤(Erxian Decoction, EXD)传统汤剂和醇提工艺的质量一致性,采用基准关联度和层次分析法(AHP)-熵权法确定权重系数,以Box-Behnken响应面法优选EXD醇提工艺,为现代制剂研究奠定基础。方法 以黄柏碱、芒果苷、阿魏酸、小檗碱、仙茅苷、朝藿定A1,朝藿定A,朝藿定B,朝藿定C,淫羊藿苷含量、出膏率、指纹图谱相似度作为关键质量因素,以乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间为关键工艺参数,结合Box-Behnken响应面法得到最佳提取工艺并验证。结果 确定EXD醇提工艺的最佳条件为乙醇体积分数75%,料液比1∶14(g∶mL),提取时间62 min。验证实验结果表明,综合评分均值86.64,相对标准差(RSD)为1.02%。结论 基准关联度结合AHP-熵权法优化EXD进行醇提工艺,所拟合的模型显著,与基准汤剂质量一致度高,为后期剂型更改提供参考。

, correspAuthors=魏舒畅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*魏舒畅,男,硕士,教授 研究方向:中药制剂工艺研究 Tel:(0931)5162887
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张敏,女,博士研究生,副教授 研究方向:中药制剂工艺研究

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China J Tradit Chin Med(中国中药杂志), 2008, 33(7): 849-850., articleTitle=Discussion on the control of the extract rate of traditional Chinese medicine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195390707503509647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=54, issue=18, pageStart=5923, pageEnd=5932, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=WANG R, QIU Z D, LIU Y, journalName=Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG R, QIU Z D, LIU Y, et al. Optimization of extraction process for classical prescription Xiebai San based on Box-Behnken response surface combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process entropy method and benchmark correlation degree[J]. 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China J Tradit Chin Med(中国中药杂志), 2023, 48(21): 5798-5808., articleTitle=Optimization of extraction process for classic prescription Yihuang Decoctionbased on Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology, standard relation and analytic hierarchy process combined with entropy weight method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1195390705817399416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, awardId=8206140176, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目资助(8206140176), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195390700910063634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390700918452243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, companyId=1195390700910063634, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390700926840852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, companyId=1195390700910063634, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 甘肃中医药大学, 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1195390700989755413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390700998144022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, companyId=1195390700989755413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Gansu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390701006532631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, companyId=1195390700989755413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 甘肃省中药制药工艺工程研究中心, 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1195390701061058585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390701073641498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, companyId=1195390701061058585, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Gansu Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390701077835803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, companyId=1195390701061058585, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 陇药产业创新研究院, 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1195390701140750365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390701149138974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, companyId=1195390701140750365, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Gansu Medical College, Pingliang 744000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195390701161721887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, companyId=1195390701140750365, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 甘肃医学院, 甘肃 平凉 744000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1195390704089346148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Fifteen batches HPLC fingerprint of EXD (A) and reference spectrum(B)

4-phellodendrine; 6-mangiferin; 9-ferulic acid; 11-berberine; 14-curculigoside; 15-epmedin A1; 16-epmedin A; 17-epmedin B; 18-epmedin C; 19-icariin; 1-3,5,7,8,10,12,13-unknown peak.

, figureFileSmall=t5aRtFjgJhn1ZH58KFlipg==, figureFileBig=K+X5GIozVuxELWaGHf2O3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390704185815141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=图1, caption=EXD 15批样品HPLC指纹图谱(A)以及对照品图谱(B)

4-黄柏碱;6-芒果苷;9-阿魏酸;11-小檗碱;14-仙茅苷;15-朝藿定A1;16-朝藿定A;17-朝藿定B;18-朝藿定C;19-淫羊藿苷;1~3,5,7,8,10,12,13-未知峰。

, figureFileSmall=t5aRtFjgJhn1ZH58KFlipg==, figureFileBig=K+X5GIozVuxELWaGHf2O3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390704290672742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=3D response surface and contour diagram of each factors of EXD extraction process

1-3D surface plot of solvent volume fraction(A) and solid to liquid ratio(B); 2-3D surface plot of solvent volume fraction(A) and extraction time(C); 3-solid to liquid ratio(B) and extraction time(C); 4-countour plot of A and B; 5-countour plot of A and C; 6-countour plot of B and C.

, figureFileSmall=KtMQn712H/4/T28Y76YHyw==, figureFileBig=9Wr+Won8IJ/jJJKwwEVNKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390704408113255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=图2, caption=EXD 醇提工艺各因素三维响应面图和等高线图

1-乙醇体积分数(A)和料液比(B)响应面图;2-乙醇体积分数(A)和提取时间(C)响应面图;3-料液比(B)和提取时间(C)响应面图;4-A和B的等高线图;5-A和C的等高线图;6-B和C的等高线图。

, figureFileSmall=KtMQn712H/4/T28Y76YHyw==, figureFileBig=9Wr+Won8IJ/jJJKwwEVNKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195390704479416424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Corresponding relationship between EXD reference samples and medicinal materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Origin and batch number of decoction pieces
Epimedium Rhizoma Curculiginis Radix Morindae Oficinalis Radix Angelicae Sinensis Cortex Phellodendri Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
S1 Shanxi,20230602 Zhejiang,220923019 Fujian,20240303 Gansu,2303046 Neimenggu,2211011 Hubei,2312645
S2 Shanxi,20230602 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2303046 Hebei,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S3 Shanxi,20230602 Fujian,240224018 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2210021 Hebei,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S4 Gansu,20220810 Fujian,240224018 Guangdong,220301 Gansu,2303046 Neimenggu,2211011 Hubei,2312645
S5 Sichuan,20220519 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangdong,220301 Gansu,2303046 Neimenggu,2211011 Liaoning,2412038
S6 Gansu,20220810 Sichuan,230817001 Fujian,20240303 Gansu,2303046 Hebei,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S7 Gansu,20220810 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2210021 Hebei,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S8 Gansu,20220810 Fujian,240224018 Fujian,20240303 Yunnan,2402032 Shanxi,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S9 Sichuan,20220519 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangdong,220301 Gansu,2303046 Shanxi,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S10 Shanxi,20230602 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2210021 Hebei,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S11 Sichuan,20220519 Fujian,240224018 Guangxi,20230819 Yunnan,2402032 Hebei,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S12 Sichuan,20220519 Fujian,240224018 Fujian,20240303 Gansu,2210021 Shanxi,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S13 Shanxi,20230602 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangdong,220301 Gansu,2303046 Hebei,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S14 Sichuan,20220519 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2210021 Shanxi,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S15 Shanxi,20230602 Sichuan,230817001 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2303046 Shanxi,2303032 Hubei,2312645
), ArticleFig(id=1195390704554913897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

15批二仙汤(EXD)基准汤剂与饮片的对应关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Origin and batch number of decoction pieces
Epimedium Rhizoma Curculiginis Radix Morindae Oficinalis Radix Angelicae Sinensis Cortex Phellodendri Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
S1 Shanxi,20230602 Zhejiang,220923019 Fujian,20240303 Gansu,2303046 Neimenggu,2211011 Hubei,2312645
S2 Shanxi,20230602 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2303046 Hebei,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S3 Shanxi,20230602 Fujian,240224018 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2210021 Hebei,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S4 Gansu,20220810 Fujian,240224018 Guangdong,220301 Gansu,2303046 Neimenggu,2211011 Hubei,2312645
S5 Sichuan,20220519 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangdong,220301 Gansu,2303046 Neimenggu,2211011 Liaoning,2412038
S6 Gansu,20220810 Sichuan,230817001 Fujian,20240303 Gansu,2303046 Hebei,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S7 Gansu,20220810 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2210021 Hebei,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S8 Gansu,20220810 Fujian,240224018 Fujian,20240303 Yunnan,2402032 Shanxi,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S9 Sichuan,20220519 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangdong,220301 Gansu,2303046 Shanxi,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S10 Shanxi,20230602 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2210021 Hebei,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S11 Sichuan,20220519 Fujian,240224018 Guangxi,20230819 Yunnan,2402032 Hebei,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S12 Sichuan,20220519 Fujian,240224018 Fujian,20240303 Gansu,2210021 Shanxi,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S13 Shanxi,20230602 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangdong,220301 Gansu,2303046 Hebei,2303032 Liaoning,2412038
S14 Sichuan,20220519 Zhejiang,220923019 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2210021 Shanxi,2303032 Guizhou,2204189
S15 Shanxi,20230602 Sichuan,230817001 Guangxi,20230819 Gansu,2303046 Shanxi,2303032 Hubei,2312645
), ArticleFig(id=1195390704622022762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Linear equations of index compenents of EXD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index
compenet
Range of linearity
/μg·mL-1
Regression
equation
r
Phellodendrine 8.00 -256.00 Y=7 878.5X-2 814.5 0.999 8
Mangiferin 12.88 -412.00 Y=10 713X-11 989 0.999 9
Ferulic acid 7.50 -240.00 Y=34 319X-21 926 0.999 9
Berberine 20.38 -652.00 Y=24 076X-30 533 1.000 0
Curculigoside 13.00 -416.00 Y=5 845.9X-5 494.6 1.000 0
Epimedin A1 18.00 -256.00 Y=7 959.9X-5 648.5 0.999 9
Epimedin A 12.25 -396.00 Y=7 883X-11 135 0.999 9
Epimedin B 12.88 -412.00 Y=8 654.5X-9 273 0.999 9
Epimedin C 12.00 -384.00 Y=7 966X-5 728.2 1.000 0
Icariin 14.13 -452.00 Y=10 291X-9 075 1.000 0
), ArticleFig(id=1195390704693325931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

EXD中各指标成分线性关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index
compenet
Range of linearity
/μg·mL-1
Regression
equation
r
Phellodendrine 8.00 -256.00 Y=7 878.5X-2 814.5 0.999 8
Mangiferin 12.88 -412.00 Y=10 713X-11 989 0.999 9
Ferulic acid 7.50 -240.00 Y=34 319X-21 926 0.999 9
Berberine 20.38 -652.00 Y=24 076X-30 533 1.000 0
Curculigoside 13.00 -416.00 Y=5 845.9X-5 494.6 1.000 0
Epimedin A1 18.00 -256.00 Y=7 959.9X-5 648.5 0.999 9
Epimedin A 12.25 -396.00 Y=7 883X-11 135 0.999 9
Epimedin B 12.88 -412.00 Y=8 654.5X-9 273 0.999 9
Epimedin C 12.00 -384.00 Y=7 966X-5 728.2 1.000 0
Icariin 14.13 -452.00 Y=10 291X-9 075 1.000 0
), ArticleFig(id=1195390704768823404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Box-Behnken response surface exprimental design and result of EXD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample
No.
Ethanol
concentr-
ation(A)
/%
Solid-
liquild
ratio(B)
/g∶mL
Extraction
time
/min
(C)
Content/mg·g-1 Dry
extract
rate/%
(y11)
Fingerprint
similarity
(y12)
Epimedin
A1
(y1)
Epimedin
A(y2)
Epimedin
B(y3)
Epimedin
C(y4)
Icariin
(y5)
Curculi-
goside
(y6)
Phelloden-
drine
(y7)
Berberine
(y8)
Mangiferin
(y9)
Ferulic
acid
(y10)
1 60 10 60 0.22 0.24 1.05 0.33 0.40 0.08 0.13 1.82 0.22 0.05 21.25 0.993
2 80 10 60 0.19 0.21 0.82 0.30 0.41 0.06 0.14 1.73 0.19 0.06 24.04 0.995
3 60 18 60 0.23 0.21 1.14 0.34 0.46 0.08 0.13 2.21 0.23 0.07 26.86 0.993
4 80 18 60 0.21 0.20 0.92 0.26 0.39 0.10 0.08 1.62 0.21 0.06 20.67 0.994
5 60 14 40 0.28 0.20 1.03 0.27 0.40 0.09 0.11 1.86 0.28 0.08 26.25 0.987
6 80 14 40 0.27 0.18 1.01 0.26 0.30 0.09 0.10 1.79 0.27 0.07 23.40 0.991
7 60 14 80 0.24 0.23 0.96 0.42 0.51 0.09 0.15 2.30 0.24 0.08 30.64 0.993
8 80 14 80 0.21 0.20 1.01 0.26 0.31 0.09 0.10 1.68 0.21 0.08 20.99 0.984
9 70 10 40 0.30 0.23 1.16 0.31 0.46 0.07 0.09 1.80 0.30 0.05 25.48 0.991
10 70 18 40 0.19 0.21 0.86 0.37 0.46 0.09 0.08 1.51 0.19 0.05 20.51 0.992
11 70 10 80 0.34 0.20 1.05 0.35 0.41 0.09 0.15 2.21 0.34 0.07 31.29 0.990
12 70 18 80 0.42 0.25 1.03 0.34 0.34 0.07 0.11 2.16 0.42 0.06 26.40 0.992
13 70 14 60 0.41 0.20 1.10 0.39 0.51 0.09 0.18 2.48 0.41 0.06 26.32 0.993
14 70 14 60 0.37 0.23 1.09 0.34 0.51 0.10 0.14 2.38 0.37 0.06 24.69 0.994
15 70 14 60 0.37 0.20 1.04 0.30 0.51 0.10 0.15 2.48 0.37 0.07 25.37 0.992
16 70 14 60 0.38 0.29 1.17 0.39 0.51 0.09 0.14 2.38 0.38 0.06 26.34 0.993
17 70 14 60 0.40 0.23 1.18 0.36 0.50 0.10 0.14 2.30 0.40 0.08 27.32 0.994
), ArticleFig(id=1195390704848515181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

EXD Box-Behnken响应面法实验设计与分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample
No.
Ethanol
concentr-
ation(A)
/%
Solid-
liquild
ratio(B)
/g∶mL
Extraction
time
/min
(C)
Content/mg·g-1 Dry
extract
rate/%
(y11)
Fingerprint
similarity
(y12)
Epimedin
A1
(y1)
Epimedin
A(y2)
Epimedin
B(y3)
Epimedin
C(y4)
Icariin
(y5)
Curculi-
goside
(y6)
Phelloden-
drine
(y7)
Berberine
(y8)
Mangiferin
(y9)
Ferulic
acid
(y10)
1 60 10 60 0.22 0.24 1.05 0.33 0.40 0.08 0.13 1.82 0.22 0.05 21.25 0.993
2 80 10 60 0.19 0.21 0.82 0.30 0.41 0.06 0.14 1.73 0.19 0.06 24.04 0.995
3 60 18 60 0.23 0.21 1.14 0.34 0.46 0.08 0.13 2.21 0.23 0.07 26.86 0.993
4 80 18 60 0.21 0.20 0.92 0.26 0.39 0.10 0.08 1.62 0.21 0.06 20.67 0.994
5 60 14 40 0.28 0.20 1.03 0.27 0.40 0.09 0.11 1.86 0.28 0.08 26.25 0.987
6 80 14 40 0.27 0.18 1.01 0.26 0.30 0.09 0.10 1.79 0.27 0.07 23.40 0.991
7 60 14 80 0.24 0.23 0.96 0.42 0.51 0.09 0.15 2.30 0.24 0.08 30.64 0.993
8 80 14 80 0.21 0.20 1.01 0.26 0.31 0.09 0.10 1.68 0.21 0.08 20.99 0.984
9 70 10 40 0.30 0.23 1.16 0.31 0.46 0.07 0.09 1.80 0.30 0.05 25.48 0.991
10 70 18 40 0.19 0.21 0.86 0.37 0.46 0.09 0.08 1.51 0.19 0.05 20.51 0.992
11 70 10 80 0.34 0.20 1.05 0.35 0.41 0.09 0.15 2.21 0.34 0.07 31.29 0.990
12 70 18 80 0.42 0.25 1.03 0.34 0.34 0.07 0.11 2.16 0.42 0.06 26.40 0.992
13 70 14 60 0.41 0.20 1.10 0.39 0.51 0.09 0.18 2.48 0.41 0.06 26.32 0.993
14 70 14 60 0.37 0.23 1.09 0.34 0.51 0.10 0.14 2.38 0.37 0.06 24.69 0.994
15 70 14 60 0.37 0.20 1.04 0.30 0.51 0.10 0.15 2.48 0.37 0.07 25.37 0.992
16 70 14 60 0.38 0.29 1.17 0.39 0.51 0.09 0.14 2.38 0.38 0.06 26.34 0.993
17 70 14 60 0.40 0.23 1.18 0.36 0.50 0.10 0.14 2.30 0.40 0.08 27.32 0.994
), ArticleFig(id=1195390704915624046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Priority judgment matrix for paired comparison of indicators of EXD AHP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10 y11 y12
y1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y5 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y6 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y7 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1 1 1 2 3 3
y8 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1 1 1 2 3 3
y9 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1 1 1 2 3 3
y10 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/2 1/2 1/2 1 2 2
y11 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/2 1 1
y12 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/2 1 1
), ArticleFig(id=1195390705016287343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

EXD层次分析法(AHP)指标成分对比较优先判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10 y11 y12
y1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y5 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y6 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5
y7 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1 1 1 2 3 3
y8 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1 1 1 2 3 3
y9 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1 1 1 2 3 3
y10 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/2 1/2 1/2 1 2 2
y11 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/2 1 1
y12 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/2 1 1
), ArticleFig(id=1195390705129533552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Combination weight of extraction process evaluation index for EXD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10 y11 y12
w1i 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02
w2i 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.11
wi 0.19 0.12 0.08 0.18 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.03
), ArticleFig(id=1195390705196642417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

EXD乙醇提取工艺指标的系数权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Index y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10 y11 y12
w1i 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02
w2i 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.11
wi 0.19 0.12 0.08 0.18 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.03
), ArticleFig(id=1195390705255362674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Comprehensive score of standard relation for key process parameters in EXD ethanol extraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. SRij Comprehensive
score
y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10 y11 y12
1 0.60 0.77 0.77 0.88 0.81 0.88 0.61 0.86 0.88 0.15 0.18 0.97 73.92
2 0.50 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.73 0.66 0.64 0.69 0.76 0.15 0.07 0.93 66.42
3 0.62 0.79 0.80 0.79 0.82 0.89 0.90 0.74 0.85 0.15 -0.04 0.92 74.12
4 0.56 0.66 0.80 0.79 0.67 0.82 0.74 0.65 0.67 0.11 0.20 0.91 66.13
5 0.76 0.63 0.69 0.86 0.71 0.87 0.83 0.60 0.79 0.13 -0.01 0.93 72.39
6 0.73 0.75 0.66 0.78 0.60 0.76 0.78 0.68 0.76 0.12 0.10 0.92 69.48
7 0.88 0.76 0.85 0.76 0.89 0.90 0.84 0.80 0.98 0.15 -0.18 0.97 80.76
8 0.68 0.62 0.77 0.66 0.63 0.90 0.96 0.78 0.72 0.11 0.19 0.98 67.82
9 0.70 0.63 0.90 0.82 0.77 0.86 0.63 0.70 0.77 0.12 0.02 0.96 72.12
10 0.52 0.82 0.73 0.84 0.73 0.92 0.64 0.65 0.64 0.10 0.21 0.99 68.33
11 0.75 0.81 0.86 0.78 0.83 0.80 0.82 0.77 0.94 0.13 -0.21 0.96 77.46
12 0.76 0.88 0.89 0.74 0.69 0.74 0.75 0.72 0.82 0.14 -0.02 0.98 74.47
13 0.89 0.83 0.87 0.83 0.89 0.97 0.99 0.87 0.94 0.17 -0.02 0.99 84.36
14 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.87 0.91 0.98 0.16 0.05 0.98 88.30
15 0.92 0.83 0.89 0.90 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.86 0.94 0.17 0.02 1.00 87.03
16 0.89 0.85 0.90 0.87 0.91 0.98 0.87 0.91 0.98 0.16 -0.02 0.99 85.55
17 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.82 0.92 0.15 -0.05 1.00 86.53
), ArticleFig(id=1195390705330860147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

EXD乙醇提取关键工艺参数基准关联度综合评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. SRij Comprehensive
score
y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10 y11 y12
1 0.60 0.77 0.77 0.88 0.81 0.88 0.61 0.86 0.88 0.15 0.18 0.97 73.92
2 0.50 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.73 0.66 0.64 0.69 0.76 0.15 0.07 0.93 66.42
3 0.62 0.79 0.80 0.79 0.82 0.89 0.90 0.74 0.85 0.15 -0.04 0.92 74.12
4 0.56 0.66 0.80 0.79 0.67 0.82 0.74 0.65 0.67 0.11 0.20 0.91 66.13
5 0.76 0.63 0.69 0.86 0.71 0.87 0.83 0.60 0.79 0.13 -0.01 0.93 72.39
6 0.73 0.75 0.66 0.78 0.60 0.76 0.78 0.68 0.76 0.12 0.10 0.92 69.48
7 0.88 0.76 0.85 0.76 0.89 0.90 0.84 0.80 0.98 0.15 -0.18 0.97 80.76
8 0.68 0.62 0.77 0.66 0.63 0.90 0.96 0.78 0.72 0.11 0.19 0.98 67.82
9 0.70 0.63 0.90 0.82 0.77 0.86 0.63 0.70 0.77 0.12 0.02 0.96 72.12
10 0.52 0.82 0.73 0.84 0.73 0.92 0.64 0.65 0.64 0.10 0.21 0.99 68.33
11 0.75 0.81 0.86 0.78 0.83 0.80 0.82 0.77 0.94 0.13 -0.21 0.96 77.46
12 0.76 0.88 0.89 0.74 0.69 0.74 0.75 0.72 0.82 0.14 -0.02 0.98 74.47
13 0.89 0.83 0.87 0.83 0.89 0.97 0.99 0.87 0.94 0.17 -0.02 0.99 84.36
14 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.87 0.91 0.98 0.16 0.05 0.98 88.30
15 0.92 0.83 0.89 0.90 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.86 0.94 0.17 0.02 1.00 87.03
16 0.89 0.85 0.90 0.87 0.91 0.98 0.87 0.91 0.98 0.16 -0.02 0.99 85.55
17 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.82 0.92 0.15 -0.05 1.00 86.53
), ArticleFig(id=1195390705410551924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

The results of variance analysis of regression model of EXD extraction process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sources of
variance
Quadratic
sum
Degrees of
freedom
Mean
square
F
value
P
value
Model 902.49 9 100.28 46.89 <0.000 1
A 108.56 1 108.56 50.77 0.000 2
B 4.47 1 4.47 2.09 0.191 5
C 34.40 1 34.40 16.09 0.005 1
AB 0.084 1 1 0.084 1 0.039 3 0.848 4
AC 21.30 1 21.30 9.96 0.016 0
BC 0.160 0 1 0.160 0 0.074 8 0.792 3
A2 279.21 1 279.21 130.57 < 0.000 1
B2 251.64 1 251.64 117.68 < 0.000 1
C2 127.98 1 127.98 59.85 0.000 1
Total residual 14.97 7 2.14
Misfit error 5.15 3 1.72 0.700 2 0.599 2
Pure error 9.81 4 2.45
Summation 917.46 16
), ArticleFig(id=1195390705536381045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

EXD醇提工艺回归模型的方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sources of
variance
Quadratic
sum
Degrees of
freedom
Mean
square
F
value
P
value
Model 902.49 9 100.28 46.89 <0.000 1
A 108.56 1 108.56 50.77 0.000 2
B 4.47 1 4.47 2.09 0.191 5
C 34.40 1 34.40 16.09 0.005 1
AB 0.084 1 1 0.084 1 0.039 3 0.848 4
AC 21.30 1 21.30 9.96 0.016 0
BC 0.160 0 1 0.160 0 0.074 8 0.792 3
A2 279.21 1 279.21 130.57 < 0.000 1
B2 251.64 1 251.64 117.68 < 0.000 1
C2 127.98 1 127.98 59.85 0.000 1
Total residual 14.97 7 2.14
Misfit error 5.15 3 1.72 0.700 2 0.599 2
Pure error 9.81 4 2.45
Summation 917.46 16
), ArticleFig(id=1195390705611878518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Results of the ethanol extraction process verification test of EXD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Content/mg·g-1 y11/% y12 Comprehensive
score
y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10
1 0.38 0.22 1.13 0.36 0.49 0.09 0.15 2.40 0.44 0.06 26.01 0.998 86.35
2 0.39 0.23 1.13 0.36 0.50 0.09 0.14 2.39 0.43 0.06 26.06 0.997 87.63
3 0.38 0.22 1.15 0.36 0.51 0.10 0.15 2.38 0.45 0.05 26.91 0.998 85.94
Mean value 0.38 0.22 1.14 0.36 0.50 0.09 0.15 2.39 0.44 0.06 26.33 0.998 86.64
RSD/% 1.74 2.72 0.93 1.16 1.97 2.20 2.70 0.46 2.77 4.47 1.93 0.06 1.02
), ArticleFig(id=1195390705687375991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195362265370247954, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

EXD醇提工艺验证实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Content/mg·g-1 y11/% y12 Comprehensive
score
y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7 y8 y9 y10
1 0.38 0.22 1.13 0.36 0.49 0.09 0.15 2.40 0.44 0.06 26.01 0.998 86.35
2 0.39 0.23 1.13 0.36 0.50 0.09 0.14 2.39 0.43 0.06 26.06 0.997 87.63
3 0.38 0.22 1.15 0.36 0.51 0.10 0.15 2.38 0.45 0.05 26.91 0.998 85.94
Mean value 0.38 0.22 1.14 0.36 0.50 0.09 0.15 2.39 0.44 0.06 26.33 0.998 86.64
RSD/% 1.74 2.72 0.93 1.16 1.97 2.20 2.70 0.46 2.77 4.47 1.93 0.06 1.02
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基于基准关联度和AHP-熵权法的二仙汤醇提工艺研究
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张敏 1, 2, 3, 4 , 黄雪艳 1, 2, 3 , 曾庆祥 1, 2, 3 , 武晓玉 1, 2, 3 , 刘晓霞 1, 2, 3 , 冯晓莉 1, 2, 3 , 付文芮 1, 2, 3 , 魏舒畅 1, 2, 3, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(8): 801-808
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(8): 801-808
基于基准关联度和AHP-熵权法的二仙汤醇提工艺研究
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张敏1, 2, 3, 4, 黄雪艳1, 2, 3, 曾庆祥1, 2, 3, 武晓玉1, 2, 3, 刘晓霞1, 2, 3, 冯晓莉1, 2, 3, 付文芮1, 2, 3, 魏舒畅1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃中医药大学, 兰州 730000
  • 2 甘肃省中药制药工艺工程研究中心, 兰州 730000
  • 3 陇药产业创新研究院, 兰州 730000
  • 4 甘肃医学院, 甘肃 平凉 744000
  • 张敏,女,博士研究生,副教授 研究方向:中药制剂工艺研究

通讯作者:

*魏舒畅,男,硕士,教授 研究方向:中药制剂工艺研究 Tel:(0931)5162887
Optimization of Extraction Process for Erxian Decoction Based on Standard Relation and AHP-Entropy Weight Method
Min ZHANG1, 2, 3, 4, Xueyan HUANG1, 2, 3, Qingxiang ZENG1, 2, 3, Xiaoyu WU1, 2, 3, Xiaoxia LIU1, 2, 3, Xiaoli FENG1, 2, 3, Wenrui FU1, 2, 3, Shuchang WEI1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000 China
  • 2 Gansu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730000 China
  • 3 Gansu Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000 China
  • 4 Gansu Medical College, Pingliang 744000 China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.08.004
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目的 为保证二仙汤(Erxian Decoction, EXD)传统汤剂和醇提工艺的质量一致性,采用基准关联度和层次分析法(AHP)-熵权法确定权重系数,以Box-Behnken响应面法优选EXD醇提工艺,为现代制剂研究奠定基础。方法 以黄柏碱、芒果苷、阿魏酸、小檗碱、仙茅苷、朝藿定A1,朝藿定A,朝藿定B,朝藿定C,淫羊藿苷含量、出膏率、指纹图谱相似度作为关键质量因素,以乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间为关键工艺参数,结合Box-Behnken响应面法得到最佳提取工艺并验证。结果 确定EXD醇提工艺的最佳条件为乙醇体积分数75%,料液比1∶14(g∶mL),提取时间62 min。验证实验结果表明,综合评分均值86.64,相对标准差(RSD)为1.02%。结论 基准关联度结合AHP-熵权法优化EXD进行醇提工艺,所拟合的模型显著,与基准汤剂质量一致度高,为后期剂型更改提供参考。

二仙汤  /  醇提工艺  /  Box-Behnken响应面法  /  基准关联度  /  层次分析法-熵权法

OBJECTIVE To ensure the equivalence of the ancient and modern processes, and optimize the alcohol extractionprocess of Erxian Decoction(EXD), using standard relation andanalytic hierarchy process(AHP)-entropy weight method combinedwith Box-Behnken response surface method. METHODS Taking phellodendrine, mangiferin, ferulic acid, berberine, curculigoside, epmedin A1, epmedin A, epmedin B, epmedin C, icariin content, dry extract rate and fingerprint similarity as the key quality factors, taking ethanol concetration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction time as the key process parameters, the best extraction process was obtained by Box-Behnken response surface method. RESULTS The optimal conditions were 75% ethanol, 1∶14 solid-liquid ratio (g∶mL) and 62 min extraction time. The verified experimental results showed that the average comprehensive score was 86.64, and the relative standard deviation(RSD) was 1.02%. CONCLUSION The alcohol extraction process of EXD is optimized using standard relation combined with AHP-entropy weight method, the fitted model is significant, and the quality of the standard decoction is highly consistent, which provids a reference for the change of dosage form in the later stage.

Erxian Decoction  /  alcohol extraction process  /  Box-Behnken response surface method  /  standard relation  /  AHP-entropy weight method
张敏, 黄雪艳, 曾庆祥, 武晓玉, 刘晓霞, 冯晓莉, 付文芮, 魏舒畅. 基于基准关联度和AHP-熵权法的二仙汤醇提工艺研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (8) : 801 -808 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.08.004
Min ZHANG, Xueyan HUANG, Qingxiang ZENG, Xiaoyu WU, Xiaoxia LIU, Xiaoli FENG, Wenrui FU, Shuchang WEI. Optimization of Extraction Process for Erxian Decoction Based on Standard Relation and AHP-Entropy Weight Method[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (8) : 801 -808 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.08.004
二仙汤(Erxian Decoction,EXD)出自《中医方剂临床手册》,是20世纪50年代名中医张伯讷教授的经验方,经临床长期使用表明,EXD对缓解围绝经期综合征疗效确切[1-4]。该方由淫羊藿、仙茅、巴戟天、当归、黄柏、知母6味药组成,具有温肾阳、补肾精、调冲任、泻相火的功效[5]
现代研究表明,围绝经期综合征和激素内分泌失调引起下丘脑-垂体功能紊乱有关[6]。传统汤剂服药剂量大,服用周期长,携带不方便,患者顺应性不好。EXD的活性成分群包括黄酮类、皂苷类、生物碱类[7],高浓度乙醇提取契合EXD活性成分的理化性质和溶解度。Zhao等[8]以总黄酮、总生物碱、总皂苷及干膏收率为考察指标,通过正交实验确定体积分数60%乙醇回流提取30 min为最佳工艺。但中药化学成分复杂,以1个或几个指标作为评价指标无疑是不全面的。为最大程度保证EXD醇提工艺和传统汤液关键质量属性的一致性,课题组从“质量源于设计”理念出发,采用Box-Behnken响应面法设计EXD醇提工艺,以基准汤剂为参照,将多指标成分定量、指纹图谱相似度、出膏率作为评价指标,基准关联度结合层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)-熵权法计算综合得分,最大限度地保持传统工艺的统一,为探索可能的剂型研究奠定基础。
Waters e2695型高效液相色谱仪、SunFire C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)(美国Waters公司);CP225D型十万分之一电子天平(德国 Sartorius 公司);DZF-6090型真空干燥箱(上海齐欣科学仪器有限公司);Milli-Q超纯水系统(美国 Merck Millipore公司)。
对照品:黄柏碱(批号11895-201805)、芒果苷(批号111607-202305)、阿魏酸(批号0773-9809)、小檗碱(批号110713-202316)、仙茅苷(批号110771-201908)、淫羊藿苷(批号110737-202017)(中国食品药品检定研究院);朝藿定A1(批号P02J9S64790)、朝藿定A(批号P02J9F64787)、朝藿定B(批号P02J9A64781)、朝藿定C(批号P02J9D65890)(上海叶源生物科技有限公司);乙腈、磷酸为色谱级;甲醇、乙醇为分析级。
淫羊藿、仙茅、巴戟天、当归、黄柏、知母饮片各3批,购于兰州市黄河药材市场,经甘肃中医药大学药学院魏舒畅教授鉴定为正品。
按处方药味比例,取淫羊藿、仙茅、巴戟天、当归饮片各约9 g,知母、黄柏饮片各约6 g,精密称定。加水960 mL,浸泡30 min,武火加热至沸腾后,文火煎煮至250 mL,过滤。采用随机数表法,将6味组方饮片随机组合,组成15批样品按以上方式提取,即得S1~S15基准汤剂,见表1
采用Waters SunFire C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相为乙腈(A)-0.2%磷酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱(0~35 min,8%~28%A;35~45 min,28%~32%A;45~50 min,32%~90%A;50~55 min,90%~90%A);检测波长为285 nm;柱温为35 ℃;流速为1.0 mL·min-1;进样量为10 μL。
精密量取基准汤剂5 mL,加入甲醇,定容于20 mL量瓶中,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得供试品溶液。
取基准汤剂S1,按“2.2.2”及“2.2.1”项下条件处理后进样分析,连续测定6次。选择出峰稳定、峰面积大的小檗碱作为参照峰,各共有峰的相对保留时间相对标准差(RSD)在0.25%~0.51%之间,相对峰面积RSD在0.83%~1.58%之间,表明仪器的精密度良好。
取基准汤剂S1 6份,按“2.2.2”及“2.2.1”项下条件处理后进样分析,以小檗碱为参照峰,各共有峰的相对保留时间RSD在0.73%~1.94%之间,相对峰面积RSD在0.62%~2.75%之间,表明该方法的重复性良好。
取基准汤剂S1,按“2.2.2”及“2.2.1”项下条件处理后,分别在0、2、4、8、12、24、48 h进样,以小檗碱为参照峰,各共有峰的相对保留时间RSD在0.52%~1.73%之间,相对峰面积RSD在0.97%~2.85%之间。表明供试品溶液在48 h内稳定性良好。
将S1~S15 HPLC谱图导入《中国色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2.0版,2012年),设S1为参照谱图,时间窗宽度0.5 min,进行自动匹配,生成对照谱图R。选择特征明显、重复性好、稳定性好的19个色谱峰为共有峰。经与对照品比对,指认其中10个成分,分别是4号峰为黄柏碱、6号峰为芒果苷、9号峰为阿魏酸、11号峰为小檗碱、14号峰为仙茅苷、15号峰为朝藿定A1、16号峰为朝藿定A、17号峰为朝藿定B,18号峰为朝藿定C,19号峰为淫羊藿苷,结果见图1。对15个样品进行相似度评价,结果显示均大于0.99,表明各批次样品的质量相对稳定。
同“2.2.1”项下色谱条件。
分别取黄柏碱、芒果苷、阿魏酸、小檗碱、仙茅苷、朝藿定A1,朝藿定A,朝藿定B,朝藿定C和淫羊藿苷对照品适量,精密称定,用体积分数70%甲醇定容。制成质量浓度分别为256.00、412.00、240.00、652.00、416.00、256.00、396.00、412.00、384.00和452.00 μg·mL-1的混合对照品贮备溶液。
精密量取混合对照品贮备液,对半稀释6次,得到不同浓度的对照品溶液。按“2.3.1” 项下色谱条件进入HPLC进行测试,每个浓度样品平行3次。以平均峰面积值(Y)为纵坐标,对照品质量浓度(X,μg·mL-1)为横坐标,绘制标准曲线。结果表明,在各自范围内线性关系良好,见表2
取“2.3.2”项下对照品贮备液,重复进样6次,记录各峰峰面积。计算10个指标成分峰面积RSD在0.35%~1.28%,表明仪器精密度良好。
取基准汤剂S1,按“2.2.2”项下供试品溶液的制备方法平行处理6份,记录各峰峰面积。指标成分含量RSD在0.44%~2.41%之间,表明该方法的重复性良好。
取基准汤剂S1,按“2.2.2”项下供试品溶液制备方法处理1份,分别在0、2、4、8、12、24、48 h进样,记录各峰峰面积。指标成分峰面积RSD在0.42%~1.75%之间,表明供试品溶液在48 h内稳定性良好。
取基准汤剂S1 6份,以1∶1的比列加入对照品溶液。按“2.2.2”项下供试品溶液制备方法处理,进样分析,记录峰面积,计算指标成分加样回收率分别在96.10%~103.74%、97.30%~99.88%、98.25%~102.37%、99.10%~103.58%、96.34%~99.74%、95.10%~98.64%、96.25%~102.57%、97.20%~102.74%、98.38%~101.74%和99.10%~103.54%之间,说明回收率良好。
精密量取20 mL基准汤剂/醇提液置于已恒重的蒸发皿中,水浴蒸干,置105 ℃的真空干燥箱干燥3 h,取出放入干燥器冷却30 min,称量,计算出膏率。
表1中S1对应的饮片批号,取淫羊藿、仙茅、巴戟天、当归饮片各约9 g,知母、黄柏饮片各约6 g,精密称定。根据表3因素水平条件提取17个样品,浸泡10 min后加热回流提取2次。合并滤液,浓缩至无醇味,用溶剂定容于250 mL量瓶中。
以课题组前期单因素实验为基础,选择10个指标成分含量、出膏率、指纹图谱相似度为关键质量属性,以乙醇体积分数(A)、料液比(B)以及提取时间(C)为关键工艺参数,利用Design-Expert V13.0 软件,进行Box-Behnken实验设计,实验设计及实验结果见表3
步骤1:构建判断矩阵 将10个指标成分含量,出膏率以及指纹图谱相似度12项指标分为4个层次。淫羊藿和仙茅是君药,代表成分朝藿定A1(y1)、朝藿定A(y2)、朝藿定B(y3)、朝藿定C(y4)、淫羊藿苷(y5)和仙茅苷(y6)同等重要,作为第1层次。黄柏和知母为佐药,代表成分黄柏碱(y7)、小檗碱(y8)、芒果苷(y9)作为第2层次。当归是使药,代表成分阿魏酸(y10)作为第3层次。出膏率(y11)对制剂质量及工艺有影响,指纹图谱相似度评价(y12)与指标成分含量相比,所包含质量信息较少,共同作为第4层次。规定各指标优先顺序为y1=y2=y3=y4=y5=y6>y7=y8=y9>y10>y11=y12,判断矩阵见表4
步骤2:按公式1和2计算归一化主观权重系数w1i
wi'=(a1a2a3…am)1/m
$w_{1 i}=w_{i}^{\prime} / \sum_{i=1}^{m} w_{i}^{\prime}$
a表示第i(i=1,2,...,m)个参数因素对第m个因素的比较结果,wi'是指几何平均值。
步骤3:计算一致化比率(CR)。通过公式3和4计算CR(CR=CI/RI),衡量计算得出的权重系数是否合理,经计算CR=0.007 9,小于0.1,表明优先比较矩阵满足一致性要求,权重系数合理有效。
$\lambda_{\max }=\sum_{i=1}^{m} \sum_{j=1}^{m}\left(a_{i j} w_{j} / w_{i}\right) / m$
CI=(λmax-m)/(m-1)
RI为相应的平均随机一致性指标,CI为一致性指标,λmax为最大特征根,i为判断优先矩阵中的列,j为优先判断矩阵中的行,m为指标个数。
步骤1:数据标准化处理 设有i个样本,j个评价指标,首先如果指标为正向指标,通过公式5对数据进行归一化处理,反之则通过公式6进行处理。
$U_{i j}=\frac{Z_{i j}-\min \left(Z_{i j}\right)}{\max \left(Z_{i j}\right)-\min \left(Z_{i j}\right)}$
$U_{i j}=\frac{\max \left(Z_{i j}\right)-Z_{i j}}{\max \left(Z_{i j}\right)-\min \left(Z_{i j}\right)}$
步骤2:评价指标熵权的计算采用公式7和8计算定义信息熵(ej),公式9和10计算指标客观权重系数(w2i),结果见表5
$p_{i j}=\frac{Y_{i j}{ }^{\prime}}{\sum_{i=1}^{n} Y_{i j}{ }^{\prime}}$
$e_{j}=-\frac{1}{\ln n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} p_{i j} \ln \left(p_{i j}\right), 0 \leqslant e_{j} \leqslant 1$
gi=1-ej
$w_{2 i}=\frac{g_{j}}{\sum_{i=1}^{m} g_{j}}, l=1,2,3 \cdots \cdots m$
pij表示第i个样本概率,ej表示j指标下数据的离散程度。
采用组合权重方法将AHP主观权重和熵权法客观权重进行耦合,则组合权重wi按公式11计算,结果见表5
$w_{i}=\left(w_{1 i} w_{2 i}\right) /\left(\sum_{i=1}^{m} w_{1 i} w_{2 i}\right)$
确定评价对象。基准关联度可用于评价醇提工艺和基准汤液的一致性。
计算相对偏差RD。RDij表示第i个样本在第j个指标下的相对偏差。按公式12进行计算,值越小,代表与基准汤剂的差别越小。
RDij=|Zij-Sj|/Sj
Zij表示响应面法测量值,Sj表示基准汤剂测量值。计算基准关联度(SR)。以基准汤剂的10个指标成分含量、出膏率、指纹图谱相似度评价为标准值,响应面法中各样品Zij为测量值,按公式13计算响应面法各因素水平的SRij值,SRij值越接近于1,代表Zij与基准汤剂的相似度越高,结果见表6
SRij=1-RDij
根据AHP-熵权法确定指标成分的权重系数,可计算综合评分=SRij朝藿定A1×0.19+SRij朝藿定A×0.12+SRij朝藿定B×0.08+SRij朝藿定C×0.18+SRij淫羊藿苷×0.10+SRij仙茅苷×0.07+SRij黄柏碱×0.05+SRij小檗碱×0.05+SRij芒果苷×0.08+SRij阿魏酸×0.04+SRij出膏率×0.02+SRij指纹图谱相似度×0.03,采用Design Expert 13软件对实验结果进行回归拟合分析,得到二次多项回归拟合方程式Y=86.34-3.68A-0.747 5B+2.07C+0.145 0AB-2.31AC+0.2BC-8.14A2-7.73B2-5.51C2。方差分析(表7)表明,一次项A和C,二次项A2、B2、C2显著(P<0.05)。3个因素的影响大小依次为溶剂体积分数(A)>提取时间(C)>料液比(B)。该模型的P值小于0.05,失拟项P值大于0.05,表明模型的拟合优度较高。调整决定系数0.962 7,预测决定系数0.893 4,总决定系数为0.983 7,表明实验值与预测值之间相关性较好,可用于醇提工艺预测。各因素交互作用等高线图和响应面3D图见图2,响应面曲线越陡该因素的影响越显著,等高线图越接近于椭圆两因素的交互作用越强。溶剂体积分数(A)对综合评分(Y)的影响显著。根据模型拟合结果,得到二仙汤最优提取工艺参数,乙醇体积分数为74.53%,料液比为1∶13.82(g∶mL),提取时间为61.84 min,综合评分85.06。结合实际,将其提取工艺调整为乙醇体积分数为75%,料液比为1∶14(g∶mL),提取时间为62 min,浸泡10 min,加热回流提取2次。
按“2.5.1”项下EXD的饮片以及药味比例,在“2.5.5”项下预测的最优提取工艺条件下,平行进行3次实验验证,结果见表8,综合评分均值为86.64,RSD值为1.02%。综合评分与模型预测值进行比较,其相对误差为1.58%,表明优化所得工艺稳定。
EXD及其加减方治疗更年期综合征被临床广泛使用,但关于其制剂的研究较为少见,目前仅见颗粒剂或者配方颗粒[9]。研究表明,EXD水提物、醇提物均对小鼠脾脏和卵巢细胞有直接作用,对免疫和内分泌有较好的促进作用[10]。以不同体积分数乙醇作为溶剂提取,符合EXD活性物质的理化性质,利于摒弃杂质,推动现代剂型开发,提高患者服药的依从性。
中药指纹图谱特征性明显、专属性强、兼顾整体性和模糊性,在定性反映中药制剂药性传递方面得到普遍认同[11-12]。定量指标的选择充分体现EXD复方化学成分的特有性、有效性、可测性以及实用性[13-14]。淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷、朝藿定A1、朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C是8-异戊二烯基取代的黄酮糖苷类成分,被证明具有一定的雌激素活性[15]。仙茅中仙茅苷具有神经保护和成骨保护的作用,是主要的活性成分[16]。黄柏中小檗碱、黄柏碱和知母中芒果苷,是发挥清热和抗菌消炎作用的物质基础[17-18]。阿魏酸的药理作用有抗氧化、抗血栓、抗病毒、抗菌等[19],临床用于肾病治疗。恰当合理的出膏率在制剂过程对剂型质量和工艺有重要影响,经皮给药剂型受载药量的限制,在保证有效成分含量的基础上应尽量降低出膏率,提高实际载药量[20]。指纹图谱相似度评价体现制剂过程中小分子成分的轮廓及定性特征。构建中药复方指纹图谱和多指标成分含量测定,从定性和定量2个角度评价EXD醇提工艺的优劣,是建立科学合理评价手段的重要策略。
为保证EXD醇提工艺的临床效果,课题组引入“基准关联度”[21]的概念,以基准汤剂为核心参照物,将醇提工艺样品的关键质量属性数据转化为与基准汤剂关联的数据,使两者质量一致性程度数据化。AHP作为主观赋权法,反应中药复方君臣佐使的关系,熵权法作为客观赋权,反应数据的变换,二者结合提高了评价的可靠性[22]。本实验以EXD水煎液为基准汤剂,选择10个指标成分含量、出膏率、指纹图谱相似度为评价指标,基准关联度结合AHP-熵权法确定指标的综合得分,采用Box-Behnken响应面法预测最佳工艺为提取溶剂体积分数75%,料液比1∶14,提取时间62 min。经过验证,此工艺条件稳定可靠,综合评分高,与基准汤剂契合度高,符合“创新守正”的开发理念,为现代剂型开发奠定基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(8206140176)
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2025年第60卷第8期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.08.004
  • 接收时间:2024-10-08
  • 首发时间:2025-11-12
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-08
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国家自然科学基金项目资助(8206140176)
作者信息
    1 甘肃中医药大学, 兰州 730000
    2 甘肃省中药制药工艺工程研究中心, 兰州 730000
    3 陇药产业创新研究院, 兰州 730000
    4 甘肃医学院, 甘肃 平凉 744000

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*魏舒畅,男,硕士,教授 研究方向:中药制剂工艺研究 Tel:(0931)5162887
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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