Article(id=1195009884631576980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195009883369091469, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)09-0966-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.09.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762842158706, onlineDateStr=2025-11-11, pubDate=1746028800000, pubDateStr=2025-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762842158706, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762842158706, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762842158706, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195009883369091469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='9', pageStart='893', pageEnd='1004', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762842158405, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762846632399, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195028649066893312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195009883369091469, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195028649071087617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195009883369091469, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=966, endPage=973, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195009884816126359, articleId=1195009884631576980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Pharmacodynamic of SiRNAs Targeting IGF1R in the Treatment of Sorafenib-Resistant Liver Cancer, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of small/short interfering RNA- insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(siRNA-IGF1R) in the treatment of sorafenib-resistant liver cancer. METHODS SiRNA-IGF1R was transfected into sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and the effects of blank control, siRNA-NC(Lipo3000), siRNA-IGF1R, sorafenib, siRNA-IGF1R combined with sorafenib on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the drug-resistant cells were compared by CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell viability assay(CTG) detection and Transwell assay. In vivo, the mouse xenograft tumor model was constructed by drug-resistant cell line, and the tumor volume, mouse body weight, and IGF1R expression in blank control, siRNA-IGF1R, sorafenib, siRNA-IGF1R combined with sorafenib groups were compared. RESULTS In vitro, compared with the blank control group, siRNA-NC(Lipo3000) and sorafenib alone had no effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells. SiRNA-IGF1R and siRNA-IGF1R combined with sorafenib treatment inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2-so cells; and the combined effect of the two drugs was superior to that of siRNA-IGF1R treatment alone. In vivo, the combination of siRNA-IGF1R and sorafenib significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice, outperforming the effect of siRNA-IGF1R alone, with no significant difference in mouse body weight; siRNA-IGF1R markedly reduced IGF1R expression in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION IGF1R is a target for the treatment of sorafenib resistance in liver cancer, and siRNA-IGF1R enhances the efficacy of sorafenib in the treatment of drug-resistant liver cancer by knocking down IGF1R.

, correspAuthors=Linyi DONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jiao LI, Linyi DONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195010085370966531, articleId=1195009884631576980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=靶向IGF1R的siRNA治疗肝癌索拉非尼耐药的药效学研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探索小或短干扰RNA(siRNA)-胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF1R)治疗肝癌索拉非尼耐药药效。方法 siRNA-IGF1R转染肝癌索拉非尼耐药株,通过CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(CTG)试剂检测和Transwell实验对比空白对照、siRNA-阴性对照(NC)(Lipo3000)、siRNA-IGF1R、索拉非尼、siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼对耐药株的增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。对比小鼠移植瘤模型对照组、siRNA-IGF1R、索拉非尼、siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼对瘤块体积、小鼠体质量以及肿瘤组织IGF1R表达的影响。结果 体外实验显示,与空白对照组相比,siRNA-NC(Lipo3000)、索拉非尼单独作用对HepG2索拉非尼耐药细胞的增殖和迁移侵袭无影响;siRNA-IGF1R、siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼处理抑制增殖和迁移、侵袭;两药联合效果优于siRNA-IGF1R单独处理。体内实验显示,siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼组显著抑制小鼠肿瘤生长,效果优于siRNA-IGF1R单独作用,小鼠体质量无明显差异;siRNA-IGF1R显著降低肿瘤组织IGF1R表达。结论 IGF1R为治疗肝癌索拉非尼耐药的靶点,siRNA-IGF1R通过敲低IGF1R增强索拉非尼治疗耐药肝癌的药效。

, correspAuthors=董林毅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*董林毅,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:药物分析 Tel:(022)83336927
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Acta Pharm Sin(药学学报), 2023, 58(4): 826-833., articleTitle=Advances in approved nucleic acid drugs and lipid nanoparticle system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195061369432187743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=31, issue=12, pageStart=1137, pageEnd=1145, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WANG H, LI H, WANG X, journalName=Chin J New Drugs(中国新药杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H, LI H, WANG X, et al. Nonclinical features of small nucleic acid drugs and the pharmacology and toxicology evaluation strategy[J]. Chin J New Drugs(中国新药杂志), 2022, 31(12):1137-1145., articleTitle=Nonclinical features of small nucleic acid drugs and the pharmacology and toxicology evaluation strategy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195061369490908000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=11, pageStart=2704, pageEnd=2718, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=KAUSHAL A, journalName=Drug Deliv Transl Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KAUSHAL A. Innate immune regulations and various siRNA modalities[J]. Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2023, 13(11):2704-2718., articleTitle=Innate immune regulations and various siRNA modalities, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195061364277388080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195061364281582385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, companyId=1195061364277388080, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195061364289970994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, companyId=1195061364277388080, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=天津医科大学药学院, 天津 300070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1195061367657997128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=IC50 of sorafenib on HCC cells and IGF1R expression differences. n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-IC50 of HepG2 /HepG2-so cells after sorafenib incubation for 72 h; B-IC50 of Huh7/Huh7-so cells after sorafenib incubation for 72 h; C-Western blot analysis of the difference in IGF1R protein levels between HCC parent and resistant cells; D-RT-qPCR analysis of the difference in IGF1R mRNA levels between HCC parent and resistant cells;1)P<0.000 1, 2)P<0.05, vs HCC parent cells.

, figureFileSmall=52pky+tiYoBt+D7W8E3/yw==, figureFileBig=nXaRhsg39Tpp3heGmg+C9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195061367762854729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, language=CN, label=图1, caption=索拉非尼对肝细胞癌(HCC)细胞的半抑制浓度(IC50)及胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF1R)表达差异。 n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-索拉非尼作用72 h HepG2/HepG2-so细胞的IC50;B-索拉非尼作用72 h Huh7/Huh7-so细胞的IC50;C-Western blot检测HCC母本和耐药细胞IGF1R蛋白差异;D-RT-qPCR检测HCC母本和耐药细胞IGF1R mRNA差异,与母本细胞相比;1)P<0.000 1,2)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=52pky+tiYoBt+D7W8E3/yw==, figureFileBig=nXaRhsg39Tpp3heGmg+C9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195061367901266762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison of cytotoxic effects of different treatments on drug-resistant HCC cell. n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-IGF1R knockdown efficiencies by different siRNAs in HepG2-so cells; B-cell viability was detected after transfection with different treatments; C-cells transfected with 1 nmol·L-1 siRNA-IGF1R were assayed for the IC50 after treatment with different concentrations of sorafenib; 1)P<0.000 1, 2)P<0.01, vs blank group; Blank group-un-transfected HepG2-so cells; NC group-HepG2-so cells transfected with Lipo3000; siRNA group-HepG2-so cells transfected with different concentrations of siRNA.

, figureFileSmall=JfSwoJl+rhglYSc5k1JGdg==, figureFileBig=olMkyrTOM5Fx2u1y4l5q8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195061367976764235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理对HCC耐药株的细胞毒作用对比。 n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-不同序列siRNA对HepG2-so细胞IGF1R的敲低效率对比;B-不同处理转染后细胞活率对比; C-转染1 nmol·L-1 siRNA-IGF1R的细胞检测不同浓度索拉非尼作用72 h的IC50;与空白组相比,1)P<0.000 1,2)P<0.01;Blank组-未转染的HepG2-so细胞,NC组为转染Lipo3000组的HepG2-so细胞,siRNA组为转染不同浓度siRNA的HepG2-so细胞。

, figureFileSmall=JfSwoJl+rhglYSc5k1JGdg==, figureFileBig=olMkyrTOM5Fx2u1y4l5q8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195061368031290188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different treatments on migration and invasion of drug-resistant HCC cell. n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-Transwell experiments were performed to test the migration ability of HepG2-so cells after different treatments; blank group-un-transfected HepG2-so cells; the NC group-HepG2-so cells transfected with Lipo3000; the siRNA-IGF1R group-HepG2-so cells transfected with 1 nmol·L-1 siRNA-IGF1R; the sorafenib group-cells pre-treated with 100 nmol·L-1 sorafenib; the sorafenib combined with siRNA-IGF1R group-cells treated with 100 nmol·L-1 sorafenib after transfected with 1 nmol·L-1 siRNA-IGF1R(×200); B-Transwell experiments were performed to test the invasion ability of HepG2-so cells after different treatments(×200); C-the statistical results of the Transwell migration assay; D-the statistical results of the Transwell invasion assay;1)P<0.01,2)P<0.001, 3)P<0.000 1, vs blank group.

, figureFileSmall=x7SIfWw5jyXTlNmsUt1lJw==, figureFileBig=iGH8HJ6kyP3WporxJhkYdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195061368115176269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同处理对HCC耐药株的迁移和侵袭的影响。 n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-不同处理后通过Transwell实验检测HepG2-so细胞迁移;Blank组-未转染的HepG2-so细胞;NC组-转染Lipo3000的HepG2-so细胞;siRNA-IGF1R组-转染1 nmol·L-1 siRNA-IGF1R的HepG2-so细胞;索拉非尼组-100 nmol·L-1索拉非尼预处理;索拉非尼联合siRNA-IGF1R组-细胞转染1 nmol·L-1 siRNA-IGF1R后,100 nmol·L-1索拉非尼处理(×200);B-不同处理后通过Transwell实验检测HepG2-so细胞侵袭(×200);C-不同处理对HepG2-so细胞的迁移结果统计;D-不同处理对HepG2-so细胞的侵袭结果统计;与空白组相比,1)P<0.01,2)P<0.001,3)P<0.000 1。

, figureFileSmall=x7SIfWw5jyXTlNmsUt1lJw==, figureFileBig=iGH8HJ6kyP3WporxJhkYdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195061368190673742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of different treatments on mouse tumors, body weight, and IGF1R expression in tumors. n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-the effect of different treatments on the tumor volumes in xenograft mouse; B-the effect of different treatments on the body mass in xenograft mouse; C-RT-qPCR analysis of the IGF1R mRNA levels expressed in tumors;1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01, vs blank group.

, figureFileSmall=foYuHlpAv98F+mB3It8Czg==, figureFileBig=74pjMcot+brLV2CywOc98g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195061368245199695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195009884631576980, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同处理对小鼠肿瘤、体质量以及肿瘤IGF1R表达的影响。 n=3, $\overline{x}$±s

A-不同处理对小鼠移植瘤体积的影响;B-不同处理对小鼠体质量的影响;C-肿瘤表达的IGF1R mRNA水平的RT-qPCR分析;与空白组相比,1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01。

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靶向IGF1R的siRNA治疗肝癌索拉非尼耐药的药效学研究
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李姣 , 董林毅 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(9): 966-973
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(9): 966-973
靶向IGF1R的siRNA治疗肝癌索拉非尼耐药的药效学研究
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李姣, 董林毅*
作者信息
  • 天津医科大学药学院, 天津 300070

通讯作者:

*董林毅,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:药物分析 Tel:(022)83336927
Pharmacodynamic of SiRNAs Targeting IGF1R in the Treatment of Sorafenib-Resistant Liver Cancer
Jiao LI, Linyi DONG*
Affiliations
  • School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
出版时间: 2025-05-01 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.09.009
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目的 探索小或短干扰RNA(siRNA)-胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF1R)治疗肝癌索拉非尼耐药药效。方法 siRNA-IGF1R转染肝癌索拉非尼耐药株,通过CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(CTG)试剂检测和Transwell实验对比空白对照、siRNA-阴性对照(NC)(Lipo3000)、siRNA-IGF1R、索拉非尼、siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼对耐药株的增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。对比小鼠移植瘤模型对照组、siRNA-IGF1R、索拉非尼、siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼对瘤块体积、小鼠体质量以及肿瘤组织IGF1R表达的影响。结果 体外实验显示,与空白对照组相比,siRNA-NC(Lipo3000)、索拉非尼单独作用对HepG2索拉非尼耐药细胞的增殖和迁移侵袭无影响;siRNA-IGF1R、siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼处理抑制增殖和迁移、侵袭;两药联合效果优于siRNA-IGF1R单独处理。体内实验显示,siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼组显著抑制小鼠肿瘤生长,效果优于siRNA-IGF1R单独作用,小鼠体质量无明显差异;siRNA-IGF1R显著降低肿瘤组织IGF1R表达。结论 IGF1R为治疗肝癌索拉非尼耐药的靶点,siRNA-IGF1R通过敲低IGF1R增强索拉非尼治疗耐药肝癌的药效。

肝细胞癌  /  耐药  /  索拉非尼  /  胰岛素样生长因子1受体  /  小或短干扰RNA

OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of small/short interfering RNA- insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(siRNA-IGF1R) in the treatment of sorafenib-resistant liver cancer. METHODS SiRNA-IGF1R was transfected into sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and the effects of blank control, siRNA-NC(Lipo3000), siRNA-IGF1R, sorafenib, siRNA-IGF1R combined with sorafenib on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the drug-resistant cells were compared by CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell viability assay(CTG) detection and Transwell assay. In vivo, the mouse xenograft tumor model was constructed by drug-resistant cell line, and the tumor volume, mouse body weight, and IGF1R expression in blank control, siRNA-IGF1R, sorafenib, siRNA-IGF1R combined with sorafenib groups were compared. RESULTS In vitro, compared with the blank control group, siRNA-NC(Lipo3000) and sorafenib alone had no effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells. SiRNA-IGF1R and siRNA-IGF1R combined with sorafenib treatment inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2-so cells; and the combined effect of the two drugs was superior to that of siRNA-IGF1R treatment alone. In vivo, the combination of siRNA-IGF1R and sorafenib significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice, outperforming the effect of siRNA-IGF1R alone, with no significant difference in mouse body weight; siRNA-IGF1R markedly reduced IGF1R expression in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION IGF1R is a target for the treatment of sorafenib resistance in liver cancer, and siRNA-IGF1R enhances the efficacy of sorafenib in the treatment of drug-resistant liver cancer by knocking down IGF1R.

hepatocellular carcinoma  /  resistance  /  sorafenib  /  IGF1R  /  siRNA
李姣, 董林毅. 靶向IGF1R的siRNA治疗肝癌索拉非尼耐药的药效学研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (9) : 966 -973 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.09.009
Jiao LI, Linyi DONG. Pharmacodynamic of SiRNAs Targeting IGF1R in the Treatment of Sorafenib-Resistant Liver Cancer[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (9) : 966 -973 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.09.009
肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是最常见的肝癌形式,是癌症死亡的第二大原因,发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。早期HCC患者可以进行手术治疗,包括根治性切除术和姑息性切除术。但是可手术的患者仅占所有患者的20%[1],70%~80%的患者发现时已经处于中晚期,而且手术切除术后的5年生存率仅为40%,有70%的患者会复发和转移[2]。晚期HCC的首选治疗方法为以靶向治疗为主的综合治疗。
索拉非尼是一种丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶、血管内皮生长因子受体(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,VEGFR)和血小板衍生生长因子受体(platelet-derived growth factor receptors,PDGFR)的多激酶抑制剂[3]。索拉非尼通过抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶1(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase-1,Raf-1)、鼠类肉瘤滤过性毒菌致癌同源体B1(V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolg B1,B-raf)激酶活性从而阻断大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源物(rats sarcoma viral oncogene homolog,Ras)/Raf/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase,MEK)/细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)信号通路来抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖;通过靶向血小板衍生生长因子受体PDGFR-β、VEGFR2、干细胞生长因子受体(stem cell growth factor receptor,c-KIT)等蛋白,抑制肿瘤血管生成[4]。在索拉非尼治疗晚期肝细胞癌的Ⅲ期临床试验中,与安慰剂相比,索拉非尼治疗组的中位总生存期从7.9个月延长至10.7个月,中位疾病进展时间从2.8个月延长至5.5个月[5-6]。索拉非尼是目前唯一获准用于晚期HCC临床治疗的全身用药。不幸的是,接受索拉非尼治疗的患者通常会在6个月内产生耐药性,只有约30%的患者能从索拉非尼中获益[7]
胰岛素样生长因子1受体(insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor,IGF1R)以高亲和力结合胰岛素样生长因子,具有酪氨酸酶活性。IGF1R参与细胞生长和存活控制,在大多数恶性组织中高度过表达,IGF1R的上调是肝癌发生的早期标志[8]。有研究表明,IGF1R及其相关信号通路异常是临床上索拉非尼耐药的重要生物标志之一[9-10]
小或短干扰RNA(siRNA)是一类20~25个核苷酸长度的双链RNA分子,主要在RNA干扰通路中起作用,干扰特异基因的表达。siRNA药物通过特异性靶向基因治疗疾病,涉及细胞的增殖、血管生成、转移、化疗耐药性等,在肿瘤、各种罕见病、病毒性疾病、肾脏疾病以及心血管疾病领域都有开发[11]
基于IGF1R在肝细胞癌索拉非尼耐药中的重要作用,本研究拟探索siRNA-IGF1R药物对HCC索拉非尼耐药的影响,有望为肝癌索拉非尼耐药的治疗提供新的思路。
细胞计数仪(型号:IC1000,Countstar公司);微孔板恒温振荡器(型号:MB100-4A,杭州奥盛仪器有限公司);蛋白质电泳仪器设备(型号:1645050)、凝胶成像仪(型号:Chemi DocTM MP Imaging System,美国BIO-RAD公司);酶标仪(型号:i3X,美国Molecular Devices公司);核酸蛋白测定仪[型号:TC-96/G/H(b)C,杭州博日科技有限公司];实时荧光PCR仪(型号:LC480Ⅱ,瑞士Roche公司);电子天平(型号:ECC2201,南京伯尼塔科学仪器有限公司);游标卡尺(德国艾瑞泽公司)。
培养板、培养瓶、基质胶(货号:356234,美国Corning公司);细胞培养使用培养基、血清和双抗(美国Gibco公司);索拉非尼(货号:HY-10201,美国MCE公司);CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(CTG)试剂(货号:G7571,美国Promega公司);比辛可宁酸(bicin-choninic acid,BCA)试剂盒(货号:PC0020,北京索莱宝科技有限公司);蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot,WB)预制胶(4%~12%,15孔,货号:M41215C,金斯瑞生物科技股份有限公司);5×蛋白上样缓冲液(货号:MB01015,金斯瑞生物科技股份有限公司);多色预染蛋白标准品(货号:M00624,金斯瑞生物科技股份有限公司);增强化学发光(enhanced chemiluminescence,ECL)检测试剂盒[货号:ABS920,爱必信(上海)生物科技有限公司];tubulin抗体(货号:T3526,美国Sigma公司);IGF1R抗体(货号:ab182408,英国Abcam公司);辣根酶标山羊抗兔IgG(H+L)(货号:ZB-5301,北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司);LipofectamineTM 3000 转染试剂(货号: L3000015,美国Thermo Fisher 公司);GoScriptTM Reverse Transcription Mix,Oligo(dT)试剂盒(货号:A2790,美国Promega公司);FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master(ROX)试剂盒(货号:4913850001,瑞士Roche公司);EasyPure® RNA Kit(货号:ER101-01,北京全式金生物技术有限公司);引物合成来自北京擎科生物科技股份有限公司;hGAPDH引物[货号:B662104,生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司]。
人肝癌细胞系HepG2,Huh7购自南京科佰生物科技有限公司,有短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)细胞鉴定。HepG2细胞的完全培养基为最低基本培养基(MEM)+体积分数10% 胎牛血清(FBS)+体积分数1% 双抗;Huh7细胞的完全培养基为杜氏改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)+体积分数10% FBS+体积分数1% 双抗。在构建耐药株后,在细胞培养基中添加10 μmol·L-1索拉非尼维持耐药性。
本实验使用小鼠为6~8周Balb/c nude雌性小鼠,购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司,体质量18~22 g,生产许可证号为SCXK(京)2019-0010。所有动物饲养于屏障饲养室独立通气笼系统内,实验动物接收后至少检疫3 d,待所有动物检疫合格后进入正式实验。整个实验过程动物饲养温度为20.5~24.5 ℃,湿度为40%~70%,光照周期12 h明12 h暗。每个饲养笼内饲养3只动物,实验过程中保证充足的饮水及饲料。本实验方案在实施前已经过动物管理与使用委员会的伦理审查并获得批准。所有涉及实验动物的操作均严格按照国际实验室动物伦理行为准则执行(伦理编号:IACUC-20230306-51)。
检测细胞对索拉非尼的半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)后,从1/2 IC50开始作为起始浓度培养细胞,每1~2周提高1次浓度。4~5个月后,高浓度维持培养1~2个月使细胞状态稳定,利用获得性耐药细胞株HepG2索拉非尼耐药株(HepG2-so)和Huh7索拉非尼耐药株(Huh7-so),检测IC50,计算耐药指数(resistance index,RI)。
细胞消化计数后铺96孔板,细胞铺板数量为每孔3 000个,体积为80 μL。将索拉非尼配制为10 mmol·L-1母液,从初始稀释浓度开始,3倍梯度稀释,梯度稀释9个浓度,每孔20 μL,加入96孔板。72 h后将96孔板室温平衡30 min,加入100 μL CellTiter-Glo® Reagent,使用微孔板振荡器混合2 min,室温条件下孵育10 min,酶标仪测定发光信号值。
按照BCA试剂盒说明书检测蛋白浓度,变性后用于实验。将30 μg蛋白上样至预制胶孔道电泳。湿转法将蛋白转至聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)膜上,经过封闭后孵育抗体。孵育过夜后孵育二抗,根据ECL发光液的说明书进行显影。
按照EasyPureTM RNA Kit的说明书提取细胞和组织的总RNA,RNA用无菌无酶水重悬后检测浓度,用GoScriptTM Reverse Transcription Mix,Oligo(dT)试剂反转1 000 ng RNA,反转为cDNA后按照说明书利用FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master(ROX)试剂进行RT-qPCR。
IGF1R上游引物:TACTCGGACGTCTGGTCCTT
IGF1R下游引物:TGGGGTTATACTGCCAGCAC
12孔板中,每孔1×104个细胞,体积为1 mL,培养24 h后转染。转染前更换细胞培养基为无血清培养基。用无血清培养基稀释Lipo3000试剂,每孔需3 μL Lipo3000+ 97 μL 培养基,室温下静置5~10 min。将稀释后的Lipo3000溶液与稀释后的siRNA溶液等体积混匀,室温静置10 min,每孔200 μL环形滴加到12孔板中,每组3个复孔。4~6 h后每孔补加1 mL含体积分数20% FBS的培养基,继续37 ℃,体积分数5% CO2培养48 h后进行后续实验。
Transwell下室中为500 μL完全培养基,上室为无血清培养基重悬后的细胞,体积为200 μL,细胞数为1×105个。细胞板置于培养箱孵育24 h,24 h后取出小室,用棉签轻拭小室表面的基质胶和未穿过的细胞,磷酸盐缓冲盐溶液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)清洗2次后质量分数4%多聚甲醛固定细胞30 min;PBS清洗2次后结晶紫对细胞染色30 min,风干后在显微镜下拍照计数。侵袭实验需要提前将100 μL基质胶与无血清培养基1∶10稀释的试剂加入小室过夜凝固,其余步骤都相同。
采用无菌PBS+基质胶(体积比1∶1)重悬HepG2-so细胞,浓度为每毫升2.5×107个,接种于试验动物的右侧胁肋部皮下,每只200 μL,在肿瘤生长至平均体积为100 mm3左右时分组给药,共4组,分别为PBS对照组、索拉非尼组、siRNA-IGF1R组、索拉非尼+siRNA-IGF1R组,每组3只。siRNA修饰后用于小鼠给药。索拉非尼给药方式为10 mg·kg-1·d-1,口服。siRNA的给药方式为2 mg·kg-1,静脉注射,给药频率为1周2次。每周使用游标卡尺测量2次肿瘤体积,体积计算见公式1。
体积=0.5×长径×短径2
称量小鼠体质量,记录小鼠体质量的变化与给药时间的关系。观察小鼠的存活情况和健康状况如给药期间动物活动、进食等一般状态。小鼠解剖后的肿瘤组织液氮速冻研磨称重后分装储存。
根据公式2计算肿瘤生长抑制率。
肿瘤生长抑制率(%)=(1-T/C)×100%
其中T为不同处理组相对肿瘤体积(relative tumor volume,RTV)的平均值,C为对照组RTV的平均值。RTV为给药后与给药前的肿瘤体积比值。肿瘤生长抑制率≥ 60%,并经统计学处理P<0.05为有效。
以上实验每个样品重复3组,Transwell的数据利用Image J软件处理,利用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件对数据进行图形化处理,统计学差异采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05为有统计学意义。
为探索验证HCC索拉非尼耐药的靶点,本实验诱导了肝癌耐药株。见图1A,HepG2细胞的IC50为(0.54±0.06)μmol·L-1,HepG2-so的IC50大于30 μmol·L-1,耐药指数大于55.55;见图1B,Huh7细胞的IC50为(4.94±0.55)μmol·L-1,Huh7-so的IC50为(27.96±3.81)μmol·L-1,耐药指数为5.66,证明HepG2-so细胞和Huh7-so细胞构建成功。
成功构建耐药株后,本实验通过Western blot和RT-qPCR检测对比母本和耐药株细胞的IGF1R水平。结果见图1C,Huh7-so细胞和HepG2-so细胞IGF1R蛋白水平均高于母本。HepG2-so细胞IGF1R mRNA水平高于HepG2细胞(fold change=3.10±0.02,P<0.000 1),Huh7-so细胞IGF1R mRNA水平高于Huh7细胞(fold change=2.10±0.46,P=0.016)(图1D)。该实验初步证明,IGF1R和肝癌索拉非尼耐药相关。
在探索验证IGF1R是HCC索拉非尼耐药的靶点后,本研究将8条siRNA-IGF1R序列转染到HepG2-so细胞中,筛选出敲低效率最高的序列进行后续研究。qPCR结果见图2A,1 nmol·L-1水平下,8条序列都有不同程度的敲低效果,30 nmol·L-1水平下,8条序列的敲低效率均高于50%;其中siRNA3-IGF1R在1 nmol·L-1水平IGF1R的相对表达为(23±4.7)%(P=0.000 2),30 nmol·L-1水平IGF1R的相对表达为(5±1.0)%(P<0.000 1),敲低效果最明显。
为进一步探索siRNA-IGF1R对于HCC索拉非尼耐药株的体外药效,本研究通过CTG检测siRNA-IGF1R转染对耐药株的细胞毒作用。结果见图2B,与空白对照组相比,阴性对照(NC)组对HepG2-so耐药株无明显细胞毒作用,30和1 nmol·L-1 siRNA-IGF1R可以抑制HepG2-so细胞增殖。siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼对耐药株的IC50为(0.19±0.02) μmol·L-1,对耐药株细胞毒作用明显,与索拉非尼或者siRNA-IGF1R单独作用相比,细胞毒作用明显增强(图2C)。
以上结果表明siRNA-IGF1R通过敲低IGF1R抑制HCC索拉非尼耐药株的增殖,siRNA-IGF1R与索拉非尼联用增强索拉非尼的细胞毒作用。
为进一步探索siRNA-IGF1R对于HCC索拉非尼耐药株的体外药效,本研究通过Transwell检测siRNA-IGF1R转染对耐药株迁移和侵袭的影响。见图3A3C,与空白对照组相比,NC、索拉非尼单独作用对HepG2-so细胞迁移无明显影响;1 nmol·L-1 siRNA-IGF1R转染后,HepG2-so细胞迁移的细胞数量明显减少(P =0.001 6);与索拉非尼、siRNA-IGF1R单独作用相比,siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼明显抑制耐药株迁移(P=0.000 1)。
细胞侵袭的结果见图3B和3D。与空白对照组相比,NC、索拉非尼单独作用对HepG2-so细胞侵袭无明显影响;1 nmol·L-1 siRNA-IGF1R转染后,HepG2-so细胞侵袭的细胞数量明显减少(P<0.000 1);与索拉非尼、siRNA-IGF1R单独作用相比,siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼明显抑制耐药株侵袭(P<0.000 1)。
以上结果表明siRNA-IGF1R通过敲低IGF1R抑制HCC索拉非尼耐药株的迁移和侵袭,siRNA-IGF1R与索拉非尼联用可以增强索拉非尼对HCC耐药株的迁移和侵袭抑制作用。
体内实验的结果见图4。与空白对照组相比,索拉非尼单独作用对小鼠肿瘤无明显抑制生长作用;siRNA-IGF1R抑制小鼠肿瘤生长,但是肿瘤生长抑制率为41%(P=0.022),未达到60%;与索拉非尼、siRNA-IGF1R单独作用相比,siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼明显抑制小鼠肿瘤生长,肿瘤生长抑制率为61%(P=0.005)(图4A)。此外,不同处理小鼠的体质量没有明显差异,这表明siRNA-IGF1R、siRNA-IGF1R与索拉非尼联用无明显毒性(图4B)。小鼠肿瘤的qPCR结果显示,与对照组相比,索拉非尼组IGF1R表达无变化,siRNA-IGF1R组(fold change=0.71±0.04, P=0.013 0)和siRNA-IGF1R联合索拉非尼组(fold change=0.68±0.05,P=0.010 3)中,IGF1R的表达显著降低(图4C)。
IGF1R是HCC索拉非尼耐药的有效靶点,siRNA-IGF1R通过抑制IGF1R水平抑制HCC索拉非尼耐药株的增殖、迁移和侵袭,一定程度上抑制小鼠肿瘤生长;siRNA-IGF1R与索拉非尼联用明显增强索拉非尼对HCC耐药的药效,为肝癌索拉非尼耐药的治疗提供新的思路。
在本研究中,通过CTG检测、Transwell实验和体内实验证明IGF1R是肝细胞癌索拉非尼耐药的靶点,siRNA-IGF1R明显增强索拉非尼对HCC索拉非尼耐药的药效。
在2016年,Martinez-Quetglas等[12]的实验结果表明胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)和IGF2的单克隆抗体xentuzumab与索拉非尼一起使用抑制异种移植HCC肿瘤小鼠肝脏中的IGF1R磷酸化以及蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,AKT)信号传导,抑制肿瘤生长,提高小鼠存活率。然而,在一项对比xentuzumab与安慰剂,在联合依维莫司和依西美坦治疗激素受体阳性、人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)阴性的晚期或转移性乳腺癌患者的Ⅱ期临床试验[13]中,xentuzumab组并未能改善无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)。这一结果表明,尽管单克隆抗体治疗在某些情况下可能具有潜力,但其临床效果仍需进一步验证和优化。此外,单克隆抗体药物虽经严格评估,但仍可能有免疫原性和过敏反应等副作用,且可能因补偿通路或抗原表达变化而产生耐药性。与之相对的是,siRNA药物直接调节基因表达,不易耐药,其给药剂量小且用药频率低,细胞毒性和免疫原性低,为疾病治疗提供了更为安全、高效的新途径[14]。因此,小核苷酸药物与索拉非尼联用的优势和临床价值值得进一步探索和验证。
siRNA药物本质是RNA,与传统抗体药物相比,siRNA药物可成药的靶点数量更多,针对靶点的特异性更强,药物半衰期可达几个月,成药难度低,新药设计和研发周期短,生产时可避免细胞源性杂质,纯化工艺也相对简单。目前,用于改善siRNA递送系统的策略主要包括:通过化学合成和修饰成共轭物、直接与配体形成共轭物、利用纳米粒和脂质体等[11,15-16]。在本实验中,siRNA-IGF1R进行了脂质纳米颗粒(lipid nanoparticle,LNP)和增强稳定化学(enhanced stabilization chemistry,ESC)修饰[17],以2 mg·kg-1的剂量进行每周2次静脉注射,一定程度上抑制了肿瘤生长,但是未达到肿瘤抑制率的标准。为进一步提升药物治疗效果,我们计划在后续实验中,在确保药物耐受性的前提下,对给药频率和给药剂量进行细致调整,从而达到更为理想的肿瘤抑制效果。考虑到小核苷酸药物相对于抗体药物的优点,siRNA-IGF1R更深层的研究结果值得期待。
本研究也存在局限性。首先,由于整个项目目前正在研发,siRNA的序列暂时无法公开提供。当干涉片段的公开不会对本课题组的研发进程和知识产权造成不利影响时,本研究会将其公开给科研界。其次,由于资源和时间的限制,体内实验使用了维持动物福利和缩短分析时间所需的最少动物数量。但是,整个体内实验严格控制了实验条件,采用了随机化处理来减少偏倚和误差,严格的统计分析也确保了结论的稳健性。同时,为避免肿瘤组织在长时间非生理环境下的降解或变化,本课题组选择了液氮速冻研磨称重后分装储存的处理方式。这一处理方法虽然保证了实验材料的稳定性和可靠性,但导致本课题组无法获取肿瘤组织块的直观影像资料。未来本课题组将更加谨慎地规划实验流程,确保能够获取全面、准确的实验数据。最后,由于索拉非尼疗法仅被批准用于治疗临床上不适合手术和肝移植等根治性治疗的晚期HCC患者,患者组织很难获得。如果有机会能够采集组织,应在患者组织层面对本实验结果进行进一步验证,有利于后续临床转化。
综上所述,IGF1R是HCC索拉非尼耐药的靶点,本研究体内和体外研究数据表明siRNA-IGF1R增强索拉非尼治疗HCC的药效,考虑小核酸药物相对于传统抗体药物的优势,siRNA-IGF1R有望成为肝癌索拉非尼耐药治疗的可靠手段。
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2025年第60卷第9期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.09.009
  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2025-11-11
  • 出版时间:2025-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
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    天津医科大学药学院, 天津 300070

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*董林毅,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:药物分析 Tel:(022)83336927
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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