Article(id=1195000464350622018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195000462479966923, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)07-0718-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.07.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718726400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762839912736, onlineDateStr=2025-11-11, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762839912736, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762839912736, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762839912736, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195000462479966923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='7', pageStart='665', pageEnd='776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762839912289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762840003355, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195000844501365697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195000462479966923, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195000844501365698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195000462479966923, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=718, endPage=726, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195000464581308740, articleId=1195000464350622018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Spray Drying Process of Ejiao Zaoqi Water Extract And Physical Fingerprint of Its Extract Powder, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To optimize the spray drying process of Ejiao zaoqi water extract concentrate, and to measure the physical fingerprint of spray drying extract powder. METHODS The powder yield, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside transfer rate, hesperidin transfer rate and extract moisture content were used as evaluation indexes, and the AHP-entropy weight method was used to weight, and the spray drying process was optimized by Plackett-Burman test combined with Box-Behnken response surface method. Twelve secondary physical indexes of micromeritic properties, such as moisture content and bulk density of spray dried extract powder, were determined, and the physical fingerprints was determined for similarity analysis. RESULTS The optimal spray drying conditions were as follows: liquid concentration of 0.25 g·mL-1, addition of dextrin 5.0 g·100 mL-1, air inlet velocity of 0.41 m3·min-1, air temperature of 140 ℃, injection speed of 10 mL·min-1, temperature of liquid 60 ℃, and gun pressure of 0.4 MPa. The similarity of the physical fingerprints of the 10 batches of detection powder was greater than 0.9. CONCLUSION The spray drying process of the selected Ejiao zaoqi water extract concentrate is stable and feasible, which can provide a basis for the research and development of this preparation.

, correspAuthors=Zhongqin ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong YAN, Xuyi WANG, Shunsheng ZHOU, Jinke XIONG, Wei OUYANG, Shuang LI, Baorong KANG, Zelong WANG, Zhongqin ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195000635562111555, articleId=1195000464350622018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥工艺及其浸膏粉物理指纹图谱的研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 优化阿胶枣杞水提浓缩液的喷雾干燥工艺,测定喷雾干燥浸膏粉的物理指纹图谱。方法 以得粉率、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率、橙皮苷转移率、总多糖转移率、浸膏含水率为评价指标,采用AHP-熵权法组合赋权,通过Plackett-Burman试验结合Box-Behnken响应面法优选喷雾干燥工艺。测定喷雾干燥浸膏粉的含水率、堆密度等12个粉体学二级物理指标,测定其物理指纹图谱并进行相似度分析。结果 最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件为药液质量浓度0.25 g·mL-1、辅料糊精添加量每100 mL 5.0 g、进风风速0.41 m3·min-1、进风温度140 ℃、进样速度10 mL·min-1、药液温度60 ℃、喷枪压强0.4 MPa。检测的10个批次浸膏粉的物理指纹图谱相似度均大于0.9。结论 优选出的阿胶枣杞水提浓缩液喷雾干燥工艺稳定可行,可为该制剂的研发提供依据。

, correspAuthors=张忠勤, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张忠勤,男,学士,高级工程师 研究方向:中药鉴定技术和炮制技术工艺创新Tel:(0731)88165111
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颜红,女,博士,教授 研究方向:中药新剂型、新技术及制剂质量控制;

王旭易,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药制剂制备工艺与质量标准。颜红和王旭易为共同第一作者

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颜红,女,博士,教授 研究方向:中药新剂型、新技术及制剂质量控制;

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颜红,女,博士,教授 研究方向:中药新剂型、新技术及制剂质量控制;

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Chin Tradit Pat Med(中成药), 2023, 45(8):2477-2483., articleTitle=Optimization of preparation process and qulity evaluation for Luhong Recipe Granules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054709561102702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=11, pageStart=3632, pageEnd=3635, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=WANG Y, LI X, FEN J A, journalName=Chin Tradit Pat Med(中成药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, LI X, FEN J A, et al. Evaluation of drying process of hemorrhoid suppository extract powder by multi-index determination and physical fingerprint[J]. 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Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), 2019, 50(17):4123-4130, articleTitle=Study on preparation technology and physical fingerprint of Carthami Flos Granules based on quality by design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054709720486256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=54, issue=6, pageStart=1804, pageEnd=1813, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=YANG W, ZHOU H Y, QIU Z D, journalName=Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG W, ZHOU H Y, QIU Z D, et al. Construction of quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Shengxian Decoction based on physical fingerprint and multi index component content determination[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), 2023, 54(6):1804-1813., articleTitle=Construction of quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Shengxian Decoction based on physical fingerprint and multi index component content determination, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1195054707786912086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, awardId=湘工信科技〔2023〕186号, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省省级企业技术中心湖南振兴中药有限公司技术中心(湘工信科技〔2023〕186号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1195054707900158295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, awardId=校行发规字〔2023〕2号, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南中医药大学重点学科中药学科资助(校行发规字〔2023〕2号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1195054701633868029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195054701642256638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, companyId=1195054701633868029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195054701650645247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, companyId=1195054701633868029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 湖南中医药大学药学院, 长沙 410208)]), AuthorCompany(id=1195054701742919936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195054701755502849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, companyId=1195054701742919936, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Hunan Zhenxing Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Wangcheng 410200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1195054701763891458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, companyId=1195054701742919936, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 湖南振兴中药有限公司, 湖南 望城 410200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1195054705186443580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=HPLC chromatograms of glucoside and hesperidin of calydrin isoflavones

A-mixed control product of calycosin glucoside and hesperidin; B-spray dried extract powder test product; C-lack of astragalus negative samples; D-lack of orange peel negative samples; 1-calydrin glucoside; 2-hesperidin.

, figureFileSmall=9XSYGO0VpTouxN586P0XTQ==, figureFileBig=g9Qn0zDxjFnx4qAt9ONQNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054705261941053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=图1, caption=毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷的高效液相色谱图

A-毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷混合对照品;B-喷雾干燥浸膏粉供试品;C-缺黄芪阴性样品;D-缺橘皮阴性样品;1-毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷;2-橙皮苷。

, figureFileSmall=9XSYGO0VpTouxN586P0XTQ==, figureFileBig=g9Qn0zDxjFnx4qAt9ONQNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054705387770174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Response surface diagram of interaction between various factors in the spray-dried of Ejiao Zaoqi water extract, figureFileSmall=edX6sobWaptC9r0Jc4jlDQ==, figureFileBig=yqLBpKSEgFps0Fz0Yhx6ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054705526182207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=图2, caption=阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥各因素间交互作用的响应面图, figureFileSmall=edX6sobWaptC9r0Jc4jlDQ==, figureFileBig=yqLBpKSEgFps0Fz0Yhx6ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054705635234112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Contour map of the influence of various factors on the comprehensive score in the spray-dried of Ejian Zaoqi water extract, figureFileSmall=wQTKlCMFm1DlnLi8tcm90Q==, figureFileBig=B7rHoX971JZZfjnqXcjUEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054705731703105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=图3, caption=阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥各因素对综合评分影响的等高线图, figureFileSmall=wQTKlCMFm1DlnLi8tcm90Q==, figureFileBig=B7rHoX971JZZfjnqXcjUEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054705798811970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Physical fingerprint of 10 batches(G1-G10) of Ejiao Zaoqi extract powder superimposed, figureFileSmall=oO5k6j4/xQCFOgzx6l7NQw==, figureFileBig=9yHQnUfendqsdvdAFjlrkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054705865920835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=图4, caption=10批次(G1~G10)阿胶枣杞浸膏粉叠加物理指纹图谱, figureFileSmall=oO5k6j4/xQCFOgzx6l7NQw==, figureFileBig=9yHQnUfendqsdvdAFjlrkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054705941418308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Reference physical fingerprint of Ejiao Zaoqi extract powder, figureFileSmall=VVAMxRrQlvjiRklQX7Swbg==, figureFileBig=h9JESPxEz0CzLi7vThFPFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054706021110085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=图5, caption=阿胶枣杞浸膏粉对照物理指纹图谱, figureFileSmall=VVAMxRrQlvjiRklQX7Swbg==, figureFileBig=h9JESPxEz0CzLi7vThFPFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1195054706096607558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Gradient elution program and detection wavelength program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/min Mobile phase
0-5 10%-15% Acetonitrile
510 15%-18% Acetonitrile
10-14 18%-20% Acetonitrile
14-16 20%-22% Acetonitrile
16-20 22%-25% Acetonitrile
20-30 25% Acetonitrile
), ArticleFig(id=1195054706167910727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度洗脱程序及检测波长程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
t/min Mobile phase
0-5 10%-15% Acetonitrile
510 15%-18% Acetonitrile
10-14 18%-20% Acetonitrile
14-16 20%-22% Acetonitrile
16-20 22%-25% Acetonitrile
20-30 25% Acetonitrile
), ArticleFig(id=1195054706247602504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Plackett-Burman test design and results of spray-dried of Ejiao zaoqi water extract

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 Rate of powder
obtained
y1/%
Transfer rate of
calycosin-7-O-β-D-
glucosidey2/%
Transfer rate
of hesperidin
y3/%
Transfer rate of total
polysaccharides
y4/%
Moisture content
of the extract
y5/%
Comprehensive
score
Y
1 0.29 140 5 3 0.4 70 0.3 70.03 76.09 58.82 37.44 8.2 74.14
2 0.29 120 10 6 0.5 40 0.3 78.29 64.23 49.59 40.61 7.68 71.24
3 0.29 140 10 3 0.4 40 0.5 63.27 81.35 63.52 29.63 8.8 72.50
4 0.29 140 5 6 0.5 70 0.3 89.77 80.91 58.74 50.25 8.53 85.39
5 0.29 120 10 6 0.4 70 0.5 70.37 52.54 40.42 42.85 8.15 62.28
6 0.22 120 5 3 0.4 40 0.3 66.81 48.77 43.66 26.09 10.88 55.18
7 0.22 140 10 3 0.5 70 0.5 58.99 65.49 57.27 23.16 5.41 64.63
8 0.22 140 10 6 0.4 40 0.3 45.98 17.44 15.59 21.09 4.48 30.31
9 0.22 120 5 6 0.4 70 0.5 67.67 55.39 48.76 26.99 5.31 62.55
10 0.22 140 5 6 0.5 40 0.5 70.87 58.13 51.42 31.91 4.24 67.56
11 0.22 120 10 3 0.5 70 0.3 66.58 54.19 47.64 22.78 7.29 59.03
12 0.29 120 5 3 0.5 40 0.5 74.38 83.54 66.28 40.24 6.43 74.14
), ArticleFig(id=1195054706415374665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥Plackett-Burman试验设计(PBD)与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 Rate of powder
obtained
y1/%
Transfer rate of
calycosin-7-O-β-D-
glucosidey2/%
Transfer rate
of hesperidin
y3/%
Transfer rate of total
polysaccharides
y4/%
Moisture content
of the extract
y5/%
Comprehensive
score
Y
1 0.29 140 5 3 0.4 70 0.3 70.03 76.09 58.82 37.44 8.2 74.14
2 0.29 120 10 6 0.5 40 0.3 78.29 64.23 49.59 40.61 7.68 71.24
3 0.29 140 10 3 0.4 40 0.5 63.27 81.35 63.52 29.63 8.8 72.50
4 0.29 140 5 6 0.5 70 0.3 89.77 80.91 58.74 50.25 8.53 85.39
5 0.29 120 10 6 0.4 70 0.5 70.37 52.54 40.42 42.85 8.15 62.28
6 0.22 120 5 3 0.4 40 0.3 66.81 48.77 43.66 26.09 10.88 55.18
7 0.22 140 10 3 0.5 70 0.5 58.99 65.49 57.27 23.16 5.41 64.63
8 0.22 140 10 6 0.4 40 0.3 45.98 17.44 15.59 21.09 4.48 30.31
9 0.22 120 5 6 0.4 70 0.5 67.67 55.39 48.76 26.99 5.31 62.55
10 0.22 140 5 6 0.5 40 0.5 70.87 58.13 51.42 31.91 4.24 67.56
11 0.22 120 10 3 0.5 70 0.3 66.58 54.19 47.64 22.78 7.29 59.03
12 0.29 120 5 3 0.5 40 0.5 74.38 83.54 66.28 40.24 6.43 74.14
), ArticleFig(id=1195054706633478474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Analysis of variance for PBD experiment on spray-dried of Ejiao zaoqi water extract

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares of
deviations from the
mean
Degrees
of freedom
Mean
square
F P
Model 2 063.23 7 294.75 6.24 0.048
X1 986.45 1 986.45 20.88 0.010 3
X2 0.252 3 1 0.252 3 0.005 3 0.945 2
X3 377.89 1 377.89 8 0.047 4
X4 68.45 1 68.45 1.45 0.295
X5 448.96 1 448.96 9.5 0.036 8
X6 68.74 1 68.74 1.46 0.294 2
X7 112.49 1 112.49 2.38 0.197 7
Residual 188.94 4 47.24 - -
Total residual 2 252.17 11 - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1195054706801250635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥PBD方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares of
deviations from the
mean
Degrees
of freedom
Mean
square
F P
Model 2 063.23 7 294.75 6.24 0.048
X1 986.45 1 986.45 20.88 0.010 3
X2 0.252 3 1 0.252 3 0.005 3 0.945 2
X3 377.89 1 377.89 8 0.047 4
X4 68.45 1 68.45 1.45 0.295
X5 448.96 1 448.96 9.5 0.036 8
X6 68.74 1 68.74 1.46 0.294 2
X7 112.49 1 112.49 2.38 0.197 7
Residual 188.94 4 47.24 - -
Total residual 2 252.17 11 - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1195054706880942412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Box-Behnken test design and results for spray-dried of Ejiao Zaoqi water extract

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. X1
/g·mL-1
X2
/mL·min-1
X3
/m3·min-1
Rate of powder
obtained
y1/%
Transfer rate of
calycosin-7-O-β-D-
glucosidey2/%
Transfer rate
of hesperidin
y3/%
Transfer rate of total
polysaccharides
y4/%
Moisture content
of the extract
y5/%
Comprehensive
score
Y
1 0.33(+1) 10(0) 0.3(-1) 70.34 48.41 54.22 44.87 4.22 68.77
2 0.25(0) 12.5(+1) (-1) 68.36 43.44 48.96 41.36 6.54 65.62
3 0.20(-1) 7.5(-1) 0.4(0) 55.33 30.49 32.48 39.66 6.46 52.03
4 (0) (0) (0) 76.74 55.82 63.27 52.27 4.89 78.39
5 (+1) (+1) (0) 87.68 72.00 80.67 58.14 4.91 93.87
6 (0) (0) (0) 74.82 39.73 42.74 51.03 4.61 65.82
7 (0) (0) (0) 88.32 71.78 79.31 59.55 5.08 94.11
8 (-1) (0) (-1) 74.05 39.07 42.74 48.69 4.18 64.40
9 (0) (0) (0) 34.69 27.14 28.48 35.15 7.05 42.77
10 (0) (+1) 0.5(+1) 68.80 56.61 64.97 43.58 4.84 74.30
11 (+1) (-1) (0) 82.36 61.97 77.36 53.50 4.91 86.60
12 (0) (-1) (+1) 35.78 34.10 41.25 35.54 7.12 49.33
13 (0) (0) (0) 54.43 25.22 36.35 37.42 7.34 51.08
14 (-1) (+1) (0) 87.36 76.54 88.46 57.32 5.19 97.55
15 (0) (-1) (-1) 78.51 59.98 66.35 52.34 4.96 81.29
16 (+1) (0) (+1) 68.48 47.62 52.95 42.81 6.16 68.38
17 (-1) (0) (+1) 61.95 38.22 40.06 40.57 5.62 58.48
), ArticleFig(id=1195054706960634189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥BBD实验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. X1
/g·mL-1
X2
/mL·min-1
X3
/m3·min-1
Rate of powder
obtained
y1/%
Transfer rate of
calycosin-7-O-β-D-
glucosidey2/%
Transfer rate
of hesperidin
y3/%
Transfer rate of total
polysaccharides
y4/%
Moisture content
of the extract
y5/%
Comprehensive
score
Y
1 0.33(+1) 10(0) 0.3(-1) 70.34 48.41 54.22 44.87 4.22 68.77
2 0.25(0) 12.5(+1) (-1) 68.36 43.44 48.96 41.36 6.54 65.62
3 0.20(-1) 7.5(-1) 0.4(0) 55.33 30.49 32.48 39.66 6.46 52.03
4 (0) (0) (0) 76.74 55.82 63.27 52.27 4.89 78.39
5 (+1) (+1) (0) 87.68 72.00 80.67 58.14 4.91 93.87
6 (0) (0) (0) 74.82 39.73 42.74 51.03 4.61 65.82
7 (0) (0) (0) 88.32 71.78 79.31 59.55 5.08 94.11
8 (-1) (0) (-1) 74.05 39.07 42.74 48.69 4.18 64.40
9 (0) (0) (0) 34.69 27.14 28.48 35.15 7.05 42.77
10 (0) (+1) 0.5(+1) 68.80 56.61 64.97 43.58 4.84 74.30
11 (+1) (-1) (0) 82.36 61.97 77.36 53.50 4.91 86.60
12 (0) (-1) (+1) 35.78 34.10 41.25 35.54 7.12 49.33
13 (0) (0) (0) 54.43 25.22 36.35 37.42 7.34 51.08
14 (-1) (+1) (0) 87.36 76.54 88.46 57.32 5.19 97.55
15 (0) (-1) (-1) 78.51 59.98 66.35 52.34 4.96 81.29
16 (+1) (0) (+1) 68.48 47.62 52.95 42.81 6.16 68.38
17 (-1) (0) (+1) 61.95 38.22 40.06 40.57 5.62 58.48
), ArticleFig(id=1195054707044520270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Tab5, caption=

Analysis of variance of BBD experiment on spray-dried water extract of Ejiao Zaoqi

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares of
deviations from the
mean
Degrees
of freedom
Mean
square
F P
Model 4 090.72 9 454.52 8.71 0.004 7
X1 46.85 1 46.85 0.897 8 0.374 9
X2 526.18 1 526.18 10.08 0.015 6
X3 587.22 1 587.22 11.25 0.012 2
X1X2 198.53 1 198.53 3.80 0.092 1
X1X3 32.38 1 32.38 0.620 4 0.456 7
X2X3 112.78 1 112.78 2.16 0.185 0
X12 621.93 1 621.93 11.92 0.010 7
X22 546.58 1 546.58 10.47 0.014 3
X32 1 155.85 1 1 155.85 22.15 0.002 2
Residual 365.27 7 52.18 - -
Lack-of-fit term 70.34 3 23.45 0.318 0.813 2
Pure error 294.94 4 73.73 - -
Total deviation 4 455.99 16 - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1195054707124212047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥BBD实验方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Source Sum of squares of
deviations from the
mean
Degrees
of freedom
Mean
square
F P
Model 4 090.72 9 454.52 8.71 0.004 7
X1 46.85 1 46.85 0.897 8 0.374 9
X2 526.18 1 526.18 10.08 0.015 6
X3 587.22 1 587.22 11.25 0.012 2
X1X2 198.53 1 198.53 3.80 0.092 1
X1X3 32.38 1 32.38 0.620 4 0.456 7
X2X3 112.78 1 112.78 2.16 0.185 0
X12 621.93 1 621.93 11.92 0.010 7
X22 546.58 1 546.58 10.47 0.014 3
X32 1 155.85 1 1 155.85 22.15 0.002 2
Residual 365.27 7 52.18 - -
Lack-of-fit term 70.34 3 23.45 0.318 0.813 2
Pure error 294.94 4 73.73 - -
Total deviation 4 455.99 16 - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1195054707199709520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Standardized conversion methods of secondary physical indicators of Ejiao Zaoqi extract powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Indicator Unit Range of values Transformation formula Indicator Unit Range of values Transformation formula
MC % 0 -10 10-X Ie - 0 -0.2 50X
H % 0 -20 X/2 IC % 0 -1 10X
Da g·mL-1 0 -1 10X - 0 -0.003 2 000X
Dc g·mL-1 0 -1 10X D50 μm 0 -10 10-X
IH - 1 -3 2X Span - 0 -10 10-X
α ° 40 -55 X/10 Width μm 0 -30 X/2
), ArticleFig(id=1195054707283595601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

阿胶枣枣杞浸膏粉二级物理指标的标准化转化方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Indicator Unit Range of values Transformation formula Indicator Unit Range of values Transformation formula
MC % 0 -10 10-X Ie - 0 -0.2 50X
H % 0 -20 X/2 IC % 0 -1 10X
Da g·mL-1 0 -1 10X - 0 -0.003 2 000X
Dc g·mL-1 0 -1 10X D50 μm 0 -10 10-X
IH - 1 -3 2X Span - 0 -10 10-X
α ° 40 -55 X/10 Width μm 0 -30 X/2
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Standardized values of secondary physical indicators of Ejiao Zaoqi extract powder

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No. MC H Da Dc IH α Ie IC D50 Span Width
1 5.73 7.18 2.26 3.64 4.84 4.89 4.29 3.80 3.74 3.98 7.91 6.28
2 5.95 6.87 2.56 4.41 5.17 4.89 5.37 4.20 3.99 4.75 7.52 6.50
3 5.48 7.58 2.10 4.03 5.77 4.84 5.03 4.80 4.13 4.55 7.61 6.51
4 5.82 7.11 2.00 4.00 6.00 4.78 4.99 5.00 4.13 4.69 7.62 6.33
5 5.68 7.02 2.14 3.96 5.56 4.89 4.92 4.60 3.57 4.29 7.75 6.43
6 5.72 7.00 2.09 4.03 5.77 4.78 5.03 4.80 3.85 4.37 7.69 6.52
7 5.70 7.06 2.35 4.05 5.17 4.89 4.94 4.20 3.97 4.65 7.49 6.72
8 5.62 6.94 2.23 3.98 5.36 4.94 4.90 4.40 4.05 4.59 7.60 6.50
9 5.77 6.96 2.14 3.96 5.56 4.84 4.92 4.60 4.11 4.58 7.57 6.59
10 5.75 6.96 2.33 4.17 5.36 4.78 5.14 4.40 4.12 4.55 7.64 6.44
R 5.72 7.06 2.22 4.02 5.45 4.85 4.95 4.48 3.97 4.50 7.64 6.48
), ArticleFig(id=1195054707451367763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

阿胶枣枣杞浸膏粉二级物理指标的标准化数值

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No. MC H Da Dc IH α Ie IC D50 Span Width
1 5.73 7.18 2.26 3.64 4.84 4.89 4.29 3.80 3.74 3.98 7.91 6.28
2 5.95 6.87 2.56 4.41 5.17 4.89 5.37 4.20 3.99 4.75 7.52 6.50
3 5.48 7.58 2.10 4.03 5.77 4.84 5.03 4.80 4.13 4.55 7.61 6.51
4 5.82 7.11 2.00 4.00 6.00 4.78 4.99 5.00 4.13 4.69 7.62 6.33
5 5.68 7.02 2.14 3.96 5.56 4.89 4.92 4.60 3.57 4.29 7.75 6.43
6 5.72 7.00 2.09 4.03 5.77 4.78 5.03 4.80 3.85 4.37 7.69 6.52
7 5.70 7.06 2.35 4.05 5.17 4.89 4.94 4.20 3.97 4.65 7.49 6.72
8 5.62 6.94 2.23 3.98 5.36 4.94 4.90 4.40 4.05 4.59 7.60 6.50
9 5.77 6.96 2.14 3.96 5.56 4.84 4.92 4.60 4.11 4.58 7.57 6.59
10 5.75 6.96 2.33 4.17 5.36 4.78 5.14 4.40 4.12 4.55 7.64 6.44
R 5.72 7.06 2.22 4.02 5.45 4.85 4.95 4.48 3.97 4.50 7.64 6.48
), ArticleFig(id=1195054707539448148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Similarity evaluation of physical fingerprints of 10 batches of Ejiao Zaoqi extractum powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batch number G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 R
G1 1.000
G2 0.973 1
G3 0.962 0.965 1
G4 0.948 0.959 0.991 1
G5 0.975 0.98 0.988 0.987 1
G6 0.964 0.974 0.991 0.994 0.997 1
G7 0.983 0.992 0.98 0.969 0.986 0.981 1
G8 0.982 0.987 0.989 0.984 0.993 0.991 0.996 1
G9 0.973 0.981 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.996 0.991 0.998 1
G10 0.980 0.993 0.986 0.982 0.992 0.991 0.994 0.997 0.995 1
R 0.981 0.987 0.991 0.988 0.996 0.995 0.994 0.999 0.998 0.998 1
), ArticleFig(id=1195054707623334229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000464350622018, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

10个批次阿胶枣杞浸膏粉的物理指纹图谱相似度评价

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Batch number G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 R
G1 1.000
G2 0.973 1
G3 0.962 0.965 1
G4 0.948 0.959 0.991 1
G5 0.975 0.98 0.988 0.987 1
G6 0.964 0.974 0.991 0.994 0.997 1
G7 0.983 0.992 0.98 0.969 0.986 0.981 1
G8 0.982 0.987 0.989 0.984 0.993 0.991 0.996 1
G9 0.973 0.981 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.996 0.991 0.998 1
G10 0.980 0.993 0.986 0.982 0.992 0.991 0.994 0.997 0.995 1
R 0.981 0.987 0.991 0.988 0.996 0.995 0.994 0.999 0.998 0.998 1
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阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥工艺及其浸膏粉物理指纹图谱的研究
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颜红 1 , 王旭易 1 , 周顺生 2 , 熊金科 2 , 欧阳威 1 , 李爽 1 , 康宝荣 1 , 王泽龙 1 , 张忠勤 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(7): 718-726
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(7): 718-726
阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥工艺及其浸膏粉物理指纹图谱的研究
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颜红1, 王旭易1, 周顺生2, 熊金科2, 欧阳威1, 李爽1, 康宝荣1, 王泽龙1, 张忠勤2, *
作者信息
  • 1 湖南中医药大学药学院, 长沙 410208
  • 2 湖南振兴中药有限公司, 湖南 望城 410200
  • 颜红,女,博士,教授 研究方向:中药新剂型、新技术及制剂质量控制;

    王旭易,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药制剂制备工艺与质量标准。颜红和王旭易为共同第一作者

通讯作者:

*张忠勤,男,学士,高级工程师 研究方向:中药鉴定技术和炮制技术工艺创新Tel:(0731)88165111
Spray Drying Process of Ejiao Zaoqi Water Extract And Physical Fingerprint of Its Extract Powder
Hong YAN1, Xuyi WANG1, Shunsheng ZHOU2, Jinke XIONG2, Wei OUYANG1, Shuang LI1, Baorong KANG1, Zelong WANG1, Zhongqin ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
  • 2 Hunan Zhenxing Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Wangcheng 410200, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.07.007
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目的 优化阿胶枣杞水提浓缩液的喷雾干燥工艺,测定喷雾干燥浸膏粉的物理指纹图谱。方法 以得粉率、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率、橙皮苷转移率、总多糖转移率、浸膏含水率为评价指标,采用AHP-熵权法组合赋权,通过Plackett-Burman试验结合Box-Behnken响应面法优选喷雾干燥工艺。测定喷雾干燥浸膏粉的含水率、堆密度等12个粉体学二级物理指标,测定其物理指纹图谱并进行相似度分析。结果 最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件为药液质量浓度0.25 g·mL-1、辅料糊精添加量每100 mL 5.0 g、进风风速0.41 m3·min-1、进风温度140 ℃、进样速度10 mL·min-1、药液温度60 ℃、喷枪压强0.4 MPa。检测的10个批次浸膏粉的物理指纹图谱相似度均大于0.9。结论 优选出的阿胶枣杞水提浓缩液喷雾干燥工艺稳定可行,可为该制剂的研发提供依据。

阿胶枣杞水提液  /  喷雾干燥  /  Plackett-Burman设计  /  Box-Behnken设计  /  物理指纹图谱

OBJECTIVE To optimize the spray drying process of Ejiao zaoqi water extract concentrate, and to measure the physical fingerprint of spray drying extract powder. METHODS The powder yield, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside transfer rate, hesperidin transfer rate and extract moisture content were used as evaluation indexes, and the AHP-entropy weight method was used to weight, and the spray drying process was optimized by Plackett-Burman test combined with Box-Behnken response surface method. Twelve secondary physical indexes of micromeritic properties, such as moisture content and bulk density of spray dried extract powder, were determined, and the physical fingerprints was determined for similarity analysis. RESULTS The optimal spray drying conditions were as follows: liquid concentration of 0.25 g·mL-1, addition of dextrin 5.0 g·100 mL-1, air inlet velocity of 0.41 m3·min-1, air temperature of 140 ℃, injection speed of 10 mL·min-1, temperature of liquid 60 ℃, and gun pressure of 0.4 MPa. The similarity of the physical fingerprints of the 10 batches of detection powder was greater than 0.9. CONCLUSION The spray drying process of the selected Ejiao zaoqi water extract concentrate is stable and feasible, which can provide a basis for the research and development of this preparation.

Ejiao zaoqi water extract  /  spray drying  /  Plackett-Burman design  /  Box-Behnken design  /  physical fingerprint
颜红, 王旭易, 周顺生, 熊金科, 欧阳威, 李爽, 康宝荣, 王泽龙, 张忠勤. 阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥工艺及其浸膏粉物理指纹图谱的研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (7) : 718 -726 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.07.007
Hong YAN, Xuyi WANG, Shunsheng ZHOU, Jinke XIONG, Wei OUYANG, Shuang LI, Baorong KANG, Zelong WANG, Zhongqin ZHANG. Spray Drying Process of Ejiao Zaoqi Water Extract And Physical Fingerprint of Its Extract Powder[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (7) : 718 -726 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.07.007
阿胶枣杞颗粒由阿胶、黄精、枸杞子、黄芪、党参、大枣、当归、橘皮8味中药组成。方中阿胶滋阴补血为君药[1],黄精[2]、枸杞子[3]补肾益精、黄芪[4]补脾益气为臣药,佐以党参[5]益气生血,大枣健脾养胃;再加当归补血活血、橘皮理气健脾,全方共奏补血养阴、益气生血之功效。方中黄精、枸杞子、黄芪、党参、大枣、当归、橘皮7味药经水提、浓缩、干燥得浸膏粉,与打粉后的阿胶混合制粒。喷雾干燥技术可直接将中药浓缩液干燥成粉状或颗粒状制品,具有干燥速度快、生产效率高、产品质量好等优点[6]。本实验以得粉率、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率、橙皮苷转移率、总多糖转移率、含水率的综合评分为评价指标,采用筛选实验设计Plackett-Burman设计(PBD)和Box-Behnken设计(BBD)优选阿胶枣杞水提浓缩液的喷雾干燥工艺。
物理指纹图谱是借鉴中药化学指纹图谱方法和SeDeM专家系统,通过检测表达中药粉体稳定性、均一性、流动性、堆积性、可压性等的关键物理质量属性指标,来评价中药提取物粉末质量一致性的一种质量控制方法[7],本实验测定不同批次喷雾干燥浸膏粉的含水率(MC)、堆密度(Da)、豪斯纳比(IH)、相对均齐度指数(Iθ)等12个粉体学二级物理指标,以其标准化数值绘制雷达图,构建了阿胶枣杞水提液浸膏粉的物理指纹图谱,确保喷雾干燥工艺制备的浸膏粉质量属性的稳定,为后续的制粒工艺提供依据。
Agilent Technologies 1200 Series型高效液相色谱仪,Agilent ChemStation 色谱工作站(美国安捷伦公司);UVmini-1280型紫外分光光度计[岛津仪器(苏州)有限公司];GB 210型喷雾干燥器[雅马拓科技贸易(上海)有限公司];Malvern Mastersizer 2000型激光粒度仪(英国马尔文仪器有限公司);电子调温电热套(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司);旋转蒸发仪(上海亚荣生化仪器厂);Es 220 A型电子天平[d=0.000 1 g,普利赛斯国际贸易(上海)有限公司];XB 220 A型电子天平(d=0.01 g,上海光正医疗仪器有限公司)。
黄精、枸杞子、党参、黄芪、大枣、当归、橘皮(湖南振兴中药有限公司),经湖南中医药大学刘塔斯教授鉴定为正品。毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷对照品(111920-201907,质量分数96.8%)、橙皮苷对照品(K09S11L123847,质量分数98.0%)、D-无水葡萄糖(批号110833202109,质量分数99.9%)(中国食品药品鉴定研究院);糖化酶(批号20230302,江苏博立生物制品有限公司);苯酚、磷酸、甲酸、甲醇、浓硫酸为分析纯;乙腈为色谱纯,水为纯化水。
按处方量称取黄精45 g、枸杞子40 g、黄芪40 g、党参40 g、大枣30 g、当归10、橘皮10 g,粉碎成粗粉后置于3 000 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入8倍量的水浸泡0.5 h,第一次提取2 h,第二次6倍量水提取1.5 h,合并滤液,70 ℃减压浓缩,将药液浓缩至生药质量浓度0.25 g·mL-1,即得阿胶枣杞方的水提浓缩液(860 mL)。生药浓度为每毫升浓缩液中含一定质量生药的量,单位通常为g·mL-1。生药质量浓度按公式1计算,如下:
ρ=m/V
式中,ρ为生药质量浓度,m为药材饮片的质量,V为提取浓缩液的体积。
色谱柱:Kromasil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0 μm),流动相:乙腈-0.2%甲酸水,柱温为30 ℃,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,进样量为10 μL,检测波长260 nm,梯度洗脱程序见表1
精密称取一定量的毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷与橙皮苷,加甲醇定容至100 mL,即得47.2、130.8 μg·mL-1的毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和橙皮苷混合对照品溶液。
称取喷雾干燥浸膏粉1.0 g于具塞锥形瓶中,加入甲醇30 mL,密塞,精密称定,超声45 min后用甲醇补足减失质量,过滤,即得。
按处方量分别称取缺黄芪、橘皮的药材,分别制备缺黄芪、橘皮的阴性样品浸膏粉,分别取阴性样品浸膏粉1.0 g于具塞锥形瓶中,按“2.2.3”项供试品溶液制备方法制备阴性样品溶液,即得缺黄芪阴性样品溶液、缺橘皮阴性样品溶液。
精密吸取毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和橙皮苷的混合对照品溶液、供试品溶液和阴性样品溶液,按“2.2.1”项色谱条件下进样,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷分离度良好(大于1.5),理论塔板数不低于4 000,阴性无干扰,结果见图1
取毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和橙皮苷对照品,加甲醇溶解并稀释成毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷质量浓度依次为4.72、9.44、18.88、28.32、37.76、47.20 μg·mL-1,橙皮苷质量浓度依次为13.08、26.16、52.32、78.48、104.64、130.80 μg·mL-1的混合对照溶液。各浓度按色谱条件平行进样3次,得毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷峰面积与浓度的回归方程分别为:Y=12.991X+3.839 6,r2=0.999 2;Y=4.72X+3.006 1,r2=0.999 3。显示毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷分别在一定浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好。
取47.20、130.80 μg·mL-1的毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和橙皮苷混合对照品溶液,连续测定6次,记录毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷峰面积积分值,峰面积积分值的相对标准偏差(RSD)值分别为2.48%、1.59%,表明仪器精密度良好。
平行制备6份供试品溶液,进样测定,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷峰面积积分值的RSD值分别为1.12%、0.92%,表明该方法重复性良好。
将供试品溶液分别于0、2、4、8、12、24 h定时进样,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷峰面积的RSD值分别为2.51%、0.62%,表明供试品溶液在24 h内稳定。
精密称取毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷含量分别为6.47、80.88 μg·mL-1的样品,并以1∶1的比例加入定量对照品,加甲醇定容至100 mL,进样分析,计算毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷的平均加样回收率。结果显示,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷的平均加样回收率分别为104.64%、104.17%,RSD值为2.69%、1.30%,表明该方法准确度良好。
见公式2~3。
毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率(%)=m1/m2×100%
公式2中,m1为喷雾干燥浸膏粉中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷质量,m2为水提浓缩液中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷质量。
橙皮苷转移率(%)=m1/m2×100%
公式3中m1为喷雾干燥浸膏粉中橙皮苷质量,m2为水提浓缩液中橙皮苷质量。其中喷雾干燥浸膏粉中含量测定:取150 mL水提浓缩液,采用喷雾干燥工艺制备浸膏粉,按“2.2.1”项色谱条件测定浸膏粉中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和橙皮苷的质量。水提浓缩液中含量测定:按“2.2.1”项色谱条件下进样测定150 mL水提浓缩液中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和橙皮苷的质量。
采用苯酚-硫酸法显色法[9]测定浸膏粉中总多糖的含量,因喷雾干燥过程中加入了一定量的糊精以改善喷雾效果,为消除其对总多糖含测的影响,先采用糖化酶水解糊精[10]
精密称取D-无水葡萄糖对照品10 mg,加纯化水溶解,定容,配制成质量浓度为130.9 μg·mL-1的对照品溶液。
参考文献[10-11]方法,配制酶活力为50 U·mL-1的糖化酶溶液。按糊精-酶质量体积比1∶2的比例加入糖化酶溶液处理浸膏粉,60 ℃水浴2 h,加热煮沸10 min,放冷至室温,滤过,得酶处理液。取酶处理液加入无水乙醇,离心,反复洗涤沉淀3次,取沉淀物加入纯化水溶解并定容至10 mL,得供试品溶液。
取溶液2 mL置于比色管中,加1 mL的5%苯酚溶液,摇匀,快速加入5 mL浓硫酸,涡旋混匀,85 ℃水浴反应25 min,冰水浴冷却10 min,以随行试剂为空白溶液,采用紫外分光光度计在490 nm波长处测定吸光度值(A)。
精密吸取0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2 mL的对照品溶液于具塞试管中,分别加纯化水至2 mL,按“2.3.3”项下显色方法处理后,以吸光度值为纵坐标(Y)、葡萄糖质量浓度为横坐标(X),绘制标准曲线,得回归方程Y=61.787X-0.024 2,相关系数r2=0.990 5,表明D-无水葡萄糖在13.09~78.54 μg·mL-1的范围内具有良好的线性关系。
精密吸取对照品溶液0.8 mL,加纯化水至2 mL,按“2.3.3” 项下方法进行显色反应,连续测定6次,测得吸光度RSD为0.05%,表明仪器的精密度良好。
精密称定浸膏粉0.5 g,按“2.3.2”项下方法平行制备6份供试品溶液,按“2.2.3”项下方法进行显色反应,测得平均多糖含量为43.85 mg·g-1,RSD为1.30%,表明该方法的重复性良好。
精密吸取供试品溶液2 mL,按“2.3.3”项下方法显色处理后,每隔30 min测定1次,共测定6次,测得平均吸光度为0.738 9,RSD为0.27%,表明样品在150 min内稳定性良好。
精密量取已知质量分数的供试品溶液、质量浓度为39.27 μg·mL-1的对照品溶液各5 mL于10 mL量瓶中,加纯化水定容,平行制备6份,按“2.3.3”项下方法显色处理后,测定吸光度,测得平均加样回收率为98.23%,RSD为2.78%。表明该方法的准确性好。
取两份150 mL水提浓缩液,均加入一定量的辅料糊精,一份采用喷雾干燥工艺制备浸膏粉,收集干粉并称重,另一份置干燥至恒重的蒸发皿中,水浴蒸干后在105 ℃烘箱内干燥3h,冷却后称定质量,按公式4计算得粉率。
得粉率(%)=m1/m2×100%
其中m1为喷雾干燥收集的干粉质量,m2为药液总含固量(浓缩液固形物+辅料量)。
按《中国药典》2020年版四部通则中“水分测定法”项下第二法(烘干法)进行测定,根据减失的重量,计算浸膏含水量(%)。
AHP-熵权法组合赋权[12],是将层次分析法(annalytic hierarchy process,AHP)与熵权法结合的一种赋权方法。
是多标准决策方法之一。指将与决策总是有关的元素分解成目标、准则、方案等层次,并以此为依据,对其进行定性和定量分析的决策方法[13]。本实验将综合评分设为决策目标,将得粉率、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率、橙皮苷转移率、总多糖转移率和浸膏的含水率设为方案层,将5项指标成分作为权重指标予以量化。结合文献及专家意见,喷雾干燥工艺中5项指标的重要程度排序为:得粉率>毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率=橙皮苷转移率>总多糖转移率>浸膏含水率,以此构建成对比较的优先判断矩阵,计算各指标的主观权重WAHP
熵权法是根据各指标离散程度来衡量综合指标的影响程度,属于客观赋权法,设有m个评价指标,n个评价对象,i=1,2,3,…,m;j=1,2,3,…,n。Xij表示为第i次试验时第j个评价指标的取值,根据公式5将原始数据阵(Xij)转换为概率矩阵(Pij),由公式6计算得信息熵值Hi,再通过公式7计算权重W熵权
Pij=X $\sum _{j=1}$nXij
Hi=-k $\sum _{j=1}$nPij·lnPij,k=1/lnm
W熵权=(1-Hi)/ $\sum _{j=1}$n(1-Hi)
按照“2.6.1”项下方法计算WAHP,按照“2.6.2”项下公式计算W熵权,通过公式8,计算组合权重W组合
W组合=WAHP·W熵权/∑nj=1(WAHP·W熵权)
以得粉率y1、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率y2、橙皮苷转移率y3、总多糖转移率y4、浸膏含水率y5的综合评分Y为评价指标,采用PBD试验设计考察喷雾干燥工艺的药液生药浓度X1、进风温度X2、进样速度X3、辅料(糊精)添加量X4、进风风速X5、药液温度X6、喷枪压强X7 7个影响因素,每个因素设最低(-1)、最高(+1)两个水平。
以层次分析法赋权,得粉率y1、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率y2、橙皮苷转移率y3、总多糖转移率y4、含水率y5 各项指标的主观权重WAHP分别为0.365 1、0.222 1、0.222 1、0.135 1、0.055 5,CR=0.009<0.10,表明各指标的权重具有一致性;以熵权法赋权得客观权重。W熵权分别为0.155 9、0.139 2、0.126 8、0.389 2、0.189,AHP-熵权法组合权重W组合分别为0.317 8、0.172 6、0.152 7、0.293 7、0.058 6。
以5个评价指标的综合评分Y为响应值进行因素筛选,PBD实验设计与结果、方差分析结果见表23。方差分析结果表明仅药液生药浓度、进样速度、进风风速对综合评分值影响有统计学意义(P<0.05),故对上述3个因素范围做进一步优化,其他因素根据实验结果将其参数固定为:进风温度140 ℃、辅料添加量每100 mL添加5 g、药液温度60 ℃、喷枪压强0.4 MPa。
在PBD实验的基础上,以得粉率y1、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率y2、橙皮苷转移率y3、总多糖转移率y4、浸膏含水率y5的综合评分Y为评价指标,应用BBD对药液生药浓度(X1)、进样速度(X2)、进风风速(X3)3个影响显著的因素做进一步优化,每个因素设置低(-1)、中(0)、高(+1)3个水平。
按“2.6”项下方法计算,各指标的组合权重W组合分别为0.261 1、0.261 4、0.256 4、0.168 9、0.052 3,以5个评价指标的综合评分Y为响应值进行因素筛选,BBD实验设计与结果见表4。以综合评分Y对X1、X2、X3进行二次项式回归方程拟合,回归方程为Y=89.042-2.42X1+8.11X2+8.567 5X3-7.045X1X2-2.845X1X3-5.31X2X3-12.153 5X12-11.393 5X22-16.568 5X32。方差分析结果表明,回归模型P<0.001,失拟项水平不显著(P>0.05),说明模型拟合良好。进样速度(X2)、进风风速(X3)对Y均具有显著影响(P<0.05),各因素之间交互作用不显著(P均>0.05),见表5。各因素间交互作用的响应面图、各因素对综合评分的影响等高线图见图2~3[17]。在保证Y与拟合度均最高的前提下,经软件筛选确定以上3个因素的最优参数为:药液生药质量浓度0.259 g·mL-1、进样速度11.539 mL·min-1、进风风速0.412 m3·min-1,考虑实际生产,最终确定为药液生药质量浓度0.25 g·mL-1、进样速度10 mL·min-1、进风风速0.41 m3·min-1
综上,优选的喷雾干燥工艺参数为:药液生药质量浓度0.25 g·mL-1、辅料(糊精)添加量为每100 mL 5.0 g、进风风速0.41 m3·min-1、进风温度140 ℃、进样速度10 mL·min-1、喷枪压强0.4 MPa、药液温度60 ℃。按上述优化工艺进行3批验证实验,测得平均得粉率、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷转移率、橙皮苷转移率、总多糖转移率、浸膏含水率分别为88.48%、69.22%、72.22%、60.36%、4.17%,平均综合评分Y值为90.81(n=3),与预测值Y=90.69较为接近,表明工艺稳定可靠。
选取粉体学稳定性、堆积性、可压性、流动性和均一性作为浸膏粉的一级物理指标[18]。参考文献[19-20]方法,测定10个批次浸膏粉的二级物理指标,即MC、引湿率(H);Da、振实密度(Dc);表示可压性的孔隙率(Ie)、卡尔指数(IC);IH、休止角(α);Iθ、50%通过粒径(D50)、粒径分布宽度(Span)、粒径范围(width)。
采用优选后的喷雾干燥工艺条件制备10批次(G1~G10)的阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥浸膏粉,分别测定12项物理指标。由于物理指标的量纲之间存在差异,需将不同二级物理指标标准化至同一数值范围[21],各指标数据范围及标准化转换公式见表6,各批次浸膏粉物理指标转化后的标准数值见表7,R为浸膏粉对照物理指纹图谱。
将10批次的浸膏粉转换后的结果绘制成雷达图[20],结果见图4,并由其平均值生成对照图谱,结果见图5。采用 Origin 软件对物理指纹图谱进行Pearson相关性分析,结果显示各批次样品的相似度均大于0.948,与对照物理指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.981,表明各批次样品的物理性质无明显差异,工艺稳定,结果见表8
中药浸膏粉是中药口服固体制剂的重要中间体,干燥工艺直接影响浸膏粉的质量,是制剂制备的重要环节之一。本实验前期尝试采用常压与减压干燥进行浸膏粉的干燥工艺优化。因水提浓缩液含糖量高,常压干燥易出现底层的浸膏炭化,且浸膏粉里层干燥不充分的现象。减压干燥效果亦不理想,无法进行粉碎,故采用喷雾干燥法对水提浓缩液进行干燥。因含糖量高,浓缩液直接进行喷雾干燥易出现黏壁现象,得粉率低。加入一定量的糊精后可明显改善喷雾干燥的效果,测得平均辅料回收率为90%。因君药阿胶直接打粉制粒,不进行提取和干燥,故本实验采用得粉率、臣药黄芪的专属成分毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、橘皮的专属成分橙皮苷,黄精、枸杞子、黄芪、党参、大枣、当归、橘皮共有活性成分总多糖以及浸膏含水率为评价指标,采用Plackett-Burman试验和Box-Behnken响应面法开展喷雾干燥工艺的优选。
受原料和制备工艺的影响,同品种、不同批次或不同来源的中药粉体不仅化学性质存在差异,物理性质也存在波动。粉体的物理性质不仅与制剂的成型工艺密切相关,而且直接或间接影响产品的质量。物理指纹图谱可通过对关键物理属性的测定,评价中药提取物粉末质量一致性,从而控制其质量属性。本实验设置了12个二级物理指标对阿胶枣杞水提液喷雾干燥浸膏粉进行综合表征,结果表明,浸膏粉的含水率较低,但引湿率较高,可能与其含糖量较高、粒径小有关;其休止角大于30°,流动性不太理想,后续将通过制粒进行改善;浸膏粉的粒径分布范围较窄,均一性良好。10个批次产品的物理指纹图谱相似度均大于0.948,表明不同批次浸膏粉的物理性质稳定。
本实验在企业原有阿胶枣杞固体饮料的基础上,优选阿胶枣杞水提液的喷雾干燥工艺,并构建浸膏粉的物理指纹图谱,获得了物理性质稳定、质量可控的喷雾干燥浸膏粉,为后续阿胶枣杞颗粒的开发奠定了基础。
  • 湖南省省级企业技术中心湖南振兴中药有限公司技术中心(湘工信科技〔2023〕186号)
  • 湖南中医药大学重点学科中药学科资助(校行发规字〔2023〕2号)
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2025年第60卷第7期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.07.007
  • 接收时间:2024-06-19
  • 首发时间:2025-11-11
  • 出版时间:2025-04-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-19
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湖南省省级企业技术中心湖南振兴中药有限公司技术中心(湘工信科技〔2023〕186号)
湖南中医药大学重点学科中药学科资助(校行发规字〔2023〕2号)
作者信息
    1 湖南中医药大学药学院, 长沙 410208
    2 湖南振兴中药有限公司, 湖南 望城 410200

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*张忠勤,男,学士,高级工程师 研究方向:中药鉴定技术和炮制技术工艺创新Tel:(0731)88165111
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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