Article(id=1195000463658566356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195000462479966923, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)07-0763-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.07.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762839912571, onlineDateStr=2025-11-11, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762839912571, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-11, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762839912571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762839912571, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195000462479966923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='7', pageStart='665', pageEnd='776', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762839912289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762840003355, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195000844501365697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195000462479966923, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195000844501365698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195000462479966923, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=763, endPage=771, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195000463868281558, articleId=1195000463658566356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Current Situation of Research and Development of New Pediatric Traditional Chinese Medicines in China Based on Registration and Approval Data, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To identify the current status of pediatric traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) new drug development in China using registration and approval data, and to provide references for improving the pediatric drug regulatory system. METHODS A total of 468 pediatric TCM new drug registration applications accepted by the China National Medical Products Administration from 2002 to 2024 were collected. Registration profiles, review timelines, registration categories, and product distribution characteristics were analyzed in conjunction with policy backgrounds and literature. RESULTS The total number of registration applications initially increased and then decreased, peaking during the implementation of the 2002 and 2005 editions of the Drug Registration Regulation, followed by a sharp decline after the 2007 edition. The review timelines were progressively shortened, with a notable improvement in approval efficiency under the 2020 edition. Modified new drugs consistently dominated registration categories, while the proportion of TCM compound formulations gradually increased. Products were concentrated in respiratory and digestive system therapies, primarily formulated as granules and tablets. Development in other disease areas and pediatric-friendly dosage forms remained insufficient. CONCLUSION Pediatric TCM development in China predominantly focuses on modified new drugs, with issues of product homogeneity and limited innovation momentum. Recommendations include optimizing priority review mechanisms, establishing specialized pediatric TCM research and development guidelines, strengthening clinical demand-driven innovation, and promoting high-quality pediatric TCM formulations.

, correspAuthors=Liping QU, Shiyu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Dan LI, Yongdan XU, Liping QU, Xiuli LI, Xinyue HUANG, Shiyu WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195000464199631578, articleId=1195000463658566356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=基于注册审批数据分析我国儿科中药新药研发现状, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 基于注册审批数据揭示我国儿科中药新药研发现状,为完善儿童药品监管制度提供参考。方法 收集2002—2024年国家药监局受理的468件儿科中药新药注册申请,结合政策背景与文献,分析注册概况、审评时间、注册分类及品种分布特征。结果 注册申请总量先增后降,2002、2005年版《药品注册管理办法》期间达峰值,2007年版后骤降;审评时间不断缩短,2020年版期间的审评效率明显提升;注册类别一直以改良型新药居多,中药复方制剂占比渐增;品种集中于呼吸和消化系统领域,剂型以颗粒剂和片剂为主,其他疾病领域和儿童适宜剂型开发不足。结论 我国儿科中药研发以改良型新药为主,存在同质化和研发活力不足问题。建议优化优先审评审批机制,制定儿科中药研发专项指导原则,加强临床需求与剂型创新引导,推动高质量儿科中药开发。

, correspAuthors=瞿礼萍, 王世宇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*瞿礼萍,女,博士,副教授 研究方向:药品监管科学及中药国际化Tel:(028)61800231;
王世宇,女,博士,教授 研究方向:药事管理 Tel:(028)61800231
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李丹,女,硕士 研究方向:药事管理与法规

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Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), 2023, 54(21):6933-6939., articleTitle=Non-clinical research concerns for clinical trial applications of compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054543676379230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=52, issue=3, pageStart=894, pageEnd=901, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=QU L P, CHEN Y, WANG X L, journalName=Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=QU L P, CHEN Y, WANG X L, et al. Approval analysis on registration of new Chinese medicines in China from 2007 to 2019[J]. 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(2021-09-13) [2024-06-05]. https://www.cde.org.cn/zdyz/opinioninfopage?zdyzIdCODE=c5bf8fe09f8a3d9680334323d3a8d4eb&rddt=1., articleTitle=Technical guidelines for clinical trials of improved new chemical drugs for children (trial), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054543818985568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.cde.org.cn/zdyz/opinioninfopage?zdyzIdCODE=a7877f685d3bba36e942144b9d618d0b&rddt=1, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=CDE, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CDE. Technical guidelines for clinical pharmacological studies on paediatric drugs[EB/OL]. (2020-12-31) [2024-06-05]. https://www.cde.org.cn/zdyz/opinioninfopage?zdyzIdCODE=a7877f685d3bba36e942144b9d618d0b&rddt=1., articleTitle=Technical guidelines for clinical pharmacological studies on paediatric drugs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054543881900129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.cde.org.cn/zdyz/opinioninfopage?zdyzIdCODE=ba982425987c0a65afe6012399964385&rddt=1, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=CDE, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CDE. Technical guidelines for real-world research to support the development and review of paediatric drugs (trial)[EB/OL]. (2020-08-27) [2024-06-05]. https://www.cde.org.cn/zdyz/opinioninfopage?zdyzIdCODE=ba982425987c0a65afe6012399964385&rddt=1., articleTitle=Technical guidelines for real-world research to support the development and review of paediatric drugs (trial), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544045477986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.cde.org.cn/main/news/viewInfoCommon/924cbea7b9ce702f48196eb8f80d5479, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=CDE, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CDE. Circular on the publication of the technical guidelines for clinical trials of improved new chemical drugs for children (trial)[EB/OL]. (2021-09-03) [2024-06-05]. https://www.cde.org.cn/main/news/viewInfoCommon/924cbea7b9ce702f48196eb8f80d5479., articleTitle=Circular on the publication of the technical guidelines for clinical trials of improved new chemical drugs for children (trial), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544104198243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http://www.natcm.gov.cn/kejisi/gongzuodongtai/2023-05-31/30768.html, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicin, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicin. Notice on the release of the “Key information sheet of ancient classical famous formulas (7 formulas in paediatrics, including “Yi Gong San”)”[EB/OL]. (2023-05-31) [2024-12-10]. http://www.natcm.gov.cn/kejisi/gongzuodongtai/2023-05-31/30768.html., articleTitle=Notice on the release of the “Key information sheet of ancient classical famous formulas (7 formulas in paediatrics, including “Yi Gong San”)”, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544171307108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.cde.org.cn/main/news/viewInfoCommon/4c86138227ec5df72efe07fe68231617, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=CDE, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CDE. Circular on the publication of the technical guidelines for the clinical development of new Chinese medicines for paediatric constipation (trial)[EB/OL]. (2024-03-01) [2024-06-05]. https://www.cde.org.cn/main/news/viewInfoCommon/4c86138227ec5df72efe07fe68231617., articleTitle=Circular on the publication of the technical guidelines for the clinical development of new Chinese medicines for paediatric constipation (trial), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544242610277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.cde.org.cn/main/news/viewInfoCommon/a1e6d2195a9a2c0f3cb7b2bc0ce88006, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=CDE, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CDE. Circular on the publication of the technical guidelines for the research of new improved traditional Chinese medicines (trial)[EB/OL]. (2024-05-13) [2024-07-20]. https://www.cde.org.cn/main/news/viewInfoCommon/a1e6d2195a9a2c0f3cb7b2bc0ce88006., articleTitle=Circular on the publication of the technical guidelines for the research of new improved traditional Chinese medicines (trial), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544326496358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/xxgk/ggtg/ypggtg/ypqtggtg/20220505092004149.html, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=CDE, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CDE. Circular on the publication of the guiding principles for the clinical development of new medicines for compound preparations of Chinese medicines based on human experience (trial)[EB/OL]. (2022-05-05) [2024-07-20]. https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/xxgk/ggtg/ypggtg/ypqtggtg/20220505092004149.html., articleTitle=Circular on the publication of the guiding principles for the clinical development of new medicines for compound preparations of Chinese medicines based on human experience (trial), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544397799527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yaozs/s3581/201605/b0ea217312314c5098d905094f7e67ee.shtml, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=National Health Commission of the PRC, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Health Commission of the PRC. Notice on the issuance of the first list of medicines for children encouraged for R&D declaration[EB/OL]. (2016-05-31) [2024-09-16]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yaozs/s3581/201605/b0ea217312314c5098d905094f7e67ee.shtml., articleTitle=Notice on the issuance of the first list of medicines for children encouraged for R&D declaration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544527822952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yaozs/s3581/201705/b9874725a6a04e2ebbc8a969a4604609.shtml, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=National Health Commission of the PRC, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Health Commission of the PRC. Notice on the issuance of the second list of medicines for children encouraged for R&D declaration[EB/OL]. (2017-05-26) [2024-09-16]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yaozs/s3581/201705/b9874725a6a04e2ebbc8a969a4604609.shtml., articleTitle=Notice on the issuance of the second list of medicines for children encouraged for R&D declaration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544607514729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2019-11-18/content_5453049.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=National Health Commission of the PRC, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Health Commission of the PRC. Notice on the issuance of the third batch of the list of medicines for children that encourage R&D declaration[EB/OL]. (2019-07-22) [2024-09-16]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2019-11-18/content_5453049.htm., articleTitle=Notice on the issuance of the third batch of the list of medicines for children that encourage R&D declaration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544800452714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202308/content_6899905.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=National Health Commission of the PRC, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Health Commission of the PRC. Notice on the issuance of the fourth list of medicines for children encouraged for R&D declaration[EB/OL]. (2023-08-22) [2024-09-16]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202308/content_6899905.htm., articleTitle=Notice on the issuance of the fourth list of medicines for children encouraged for R&D declaration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544913698923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202409/content_6973293.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=National Health Commission of the PRC, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Health Commission of the PRC. Notice on the issuance of the fifth list of medicines for children encouraging R&D declaration[EB/OL]. (2024-08-30) [2024-09-16]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202409/content_6973293.htm., articleTitle=Notice on the issuance of the fifth list of medicines for children encouraging R&D declaration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054544997585004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/emeapeg-procedure-identifying-paediatric-needs_en.pdf, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=European Medicines Agency, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=European Medicines Agency. EMEA/PEG procedure for identifying paediatric needs[EB/OL]. (2005-07-29) [2024-09-25]. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/emeapeg-procedure-identifying-paediatric-needs_en.pdf., articleTitle=EMEA/PEG procedure for identifying paediatric needs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054545060499565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/xxgk/ggtg/ypggtg/ypqtggtg/20230210173401120.html, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=NMPA, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NMPA. Announcement on the publication of the special provisions on the administration of the registration of Chinese medicines[EB/OL]. (2023-02-10) [2024-09-25]. https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/xxgk/ggtg/ypggtg/ypqtggtg/20230210173401120.html., articleTitle=Announcement on the publication of the special provisions on the administration of the registration of Chinese medicines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1195054545135997038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=65, issue=1, pageStart=17, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=ZHANG X L, LU Y, HOU W, journalName=J Tradit Chin Med(中医杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG X L, LU Y, HOU W, et al. List of clinical needs for R&D of new Chinese medicines (first batch)[J]. 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名称 版次 注册分类 内容
中药复方制剂 2020 1.1;3 由多味饮片、提取物等在中医药理论指导下组方而成的制剂,来源于古代经典名方的中药复方制剂
2002、2005、2007 6
有效成分/部位类制剂 2020 1.2 从单一植物、动物、矿物等物质中提取得到的提取物及其制剂
2002、2005、2007 1;5
新药材/药用部位/药材代用品 2020 1.3 未被国家药品标准、药品注册标准以及省、自治区、直辖市药材标准收载的药材及其制剂,以及具有上述标准药材的原动、植物新的药用部位及其制剂
2002、2005、2007 2;4;3
改良型中药新药 2020 2 改变国内已上市销售中药给药途径、剂型、生产工艺或辅料的制剂,增加功能主治的制剂
2005、2007 7;8
2002 8;9;10
), ArticleFig(id=1195054540216078393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

我国历版《药品注册管理办法》中药新药注册分类情况

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名称 版次 注册分类 内容
中药复方制剂 2020 1.1;3 由多味饮片、提取物等在中医药理论指导下组方而成的制剂,来源于古代经典名方的中药复方制剂
2002、2005、2007 6
有效成分/部位类制剂 2020 1.2 从单一植物、动物、矿物等物质中提取得到的提取物及其制剂
2002、2005、2007 1;5
新药材/药用部位/药材代用品 2020 1.3 未被国家药品标准、药品注册标准以及省、自治区、直辖市药材标准收载的药材及其制剂,以及具有上述标准药材的原动、植物新的药用部位及其制剂
2002、2005、2007 2;4;3
改良型中药新药 2020 2 改变国内已上市销售中药给药途径、剂型、生产工艺或辅料的制剂,增加功能主治的制剂
2005、2007 7;8
2002 8;9;10
), ArticleFig(id=1195054540291575866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
版本 合计 IND NDA
受理/件 年均受理/件 批准/件 批准率/% 受理/件 年均受理/件 批准/件 批准率/% 受理/件 年均受理/件 批准/件 批准率/%
2002 99 41.3 54 54.5 22 9.2 21 95.5 77 32.1 33 42.9
2005 291 121.3 18 6.2 7 2.9 6 85.7 284 118.3 12 4.2
2007 53 4.2 18 34 22 1.7 14 63.6 31 2.4 4 12.9
2020 25 5.7 20 80 21 4.8 18 85.7 4 0.9 2 50
合计 468 - 110 - 72 - 59 - 396 - 51 -
), ArticleFig(id=1195054540409016379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

我国历版《药品注册管理办法》实施期间儿科中药新药注册申请情况

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版本 合计 IND NDA
受理/件 年均受理/件 批准/件 批准率/% 受理/件 年均受理/件 批准/件 批准率/% 受理/件 年均受理/件 批准/件 批准率/%
2002 99 41.3 54 54.5 22 9.2 21 95.5 77 32.1 33 42.9
2005 291 121.3 18 6.2 7 2.9 6 85.7 284 118.3 12 4.2
2007 53 4.2 18 34 22 1.7 14 63.6 31 2.4 4 12.9
2020 25 5.7 20 80 21 4.8 18 85.7 4 0.9 2 50
合计 468 - 110 - 72 - 59 - 396 - 51 -
), ArticleFig(id=1195054540639703100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
申请阶段 版本 受理数/件 中位数/d 四分位间距/d
IND 2002 22 166 219
2005 7 529 231
2007 21 306 433
2020 18 51 7
NDA 2002 74 601 774
2005 281 776 199
2007 31 407 230
2020 2 235 -1)
), ArticleFig(id=1195054540736172093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

我国历版《药品注册管理办法》实施期间儿科中药新药申请审评时间情况

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申请阶段 版本 受理数/件 中位数/d 四分位间距/d
IND 2002 22 166 219
2005 7 529 231
2007 21 306 433
2020 18 51 7
NDA 2002 74 601 774
2005 281 776 199
2007 31 407 230
2020 2 235 -1)
), ArticleFig(id=1195054540815863870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
注册类型 版本 合计 IND NDA
受理
/件
年均受理
/件
批准
/件
批准率
/%
受理
/件
年均受理
/件
批准
/件
批准率
/%
受理
/件
年均受理
/件
批准
/件
批准率
/%
改变剂型类改良型新药 2002 79 32.9 36 45.6 6 2.5 6 100 73 30.4 30 41.1
2005 283 117.9 11 3.9 1 0.4 0 0 282 117.5 11 3.9
2007 25 2 4 16 7 0.6 4 57.1 18 1.4 0 0
2020 3 0.7 3 100 2 0.5 2 100 1 0.2 1 100
合计 390 - 54 - 16 - 12 - 374 - 42 -
中药复方制剂 2002 20 8.3 18 90 16 6.7 15 93.8 4 1.7 3 75.0
2005 8 3.3 7 87.5 6 2.5 6 100 2 0.8 1 50.0
2007 28 2.2 14 50 15 1.2 10 66.7 13 1.0 4 30.8
2020 14 3.2 11 78.6 11 2.5 10 90.9 3 0.7 1 33.3
合计 70 - 50 - 48 - 41 - 22 - 9 -
), ArticleFig(id=1195054540908138559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

改变剂型类改良型新药和中药复方制剂类儿科中药新药申请情况

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注册类型 版本 合计 IND NDA
受理
/件
年均受理
/件
批准
/件
批准率
/%
受理
/件
年均受理
/件
批准
/件
批准率
/%
受理
/件
年均受理
/件
批准
/件
批准率
/%
改变剂型类改良型新药 2002 79 32.9 36 45.6 6 2.5 6 100 73 30.4 30 41.1
2005 283 117.9 11 3.9 1 0.4 0 0 282 117.5 11 3.9
2007 25 2 4 16 7 0.6 4 57.1 18 1.4 0 0
2020 3 0.7 3 100 2 0.5 2 100 1 0.2 1 100
合计 390 - 54 - 16 - 12 - 374 - 42 -
中药复方制剂 2002 20 8.3 18 90 16 6.7 15 93.8 4 1.7 3 75.0
2005 8 3.3 7 87.5 6 2.5 6 100 2 0.8 1 50.0
2007 28 2.2 14 50 15 1.2 10 66.7 13 1.0 4 30.8
2020 14 3.2 11 78.6 11 2.5 10 90.9 3 0.7 1 33.3
合计 70 - 50 - 48 - 41 - 22 - 9 -
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企业数/家 品种数/个 申请品种 获批品种数/个
1 232 HC001颗粒、HYR0201颗粒、儿童小柴胡颗粒、馥感啉口服液、黄氏响声儿童喷雾剂、金振口服液、连花清咳颗粒、消风宣窍颗粒、小儿二白止痛颗粒、小儿佛芍和中颗粒、小儿复方没食子软膏、小儿健脾颗粒、小儿连花清感颗粒等 76
2 39 宝儿康胶囊、地牡宁神颗粒、儿脾醒糖浆、儿童咳糖浆、馥感啉颗粒、化积泡腾片、健宝灵颗粒、健儿消食凝胶、龙牡壮骨泡腾片、秋泻灵颗粒、小儿肠胃康泡腾片、小儿肠胃康糖浆、小儿肺咳泡腾片等 5
3 13 小儿止咳颗粒、小儿鼻炎颗粒、小儿肠胃康口服液、小儿麻甘泡腾片、四磨汤泡腾片、三臣颗粒、小儿智力颗粒、小儿清热止咳泡腾颗粒、小儿咳喘灵泡腾片、小儿咳喘灵凝胶、健儿消食颗粒、小儿柴桂退热颗粒、儿童咳颗粒 3
4 6 小儿喜食咀嚼片、小儿启脾颗粒、小儿风热清颗粒、宝儿康颗粒、童康颗粒、小儿消食咀嚼片 4
5 3 小儿消食颗粒、小儿百部止咳颗粒、小儿生血颗粒 1
6 5 小儿清肺止咳颗粒、四磨汤糖浆、静灵颗粒、儿咳颗粒、小儿腹泻宁颗粒 0
7 1 小儿消积止咳颗粒 1
8 1 小儿热速清泡腾片 0
9 1 小儿解感颗粒 1
10 2 小儿感冒退热颗粒、小儿感冒宁颗粒 1
), ArticleFig(id=1195054541067522113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

我国儿科中药新药独家和多家企业申请品种情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
企业数/家 品种数/个 申请品种 获批品种数/个
1 232 HC001颗粒、HYR0201颗粒、儿童小柴胡颗粒、馥感啉口服液、黄氏响声儿童喷雾剂、金振口服液、连花清咳颗粒、消风宣窍颗粒、小儿二白止痛颗粒、小儿佛芍和中颗粒、小儿复方没食子软膏、小儿健脾颗粒、小儿连花清感颗粒等 76
2 39 宝儿康胶囊、地牡宁神颗粒、儿脾醒糖浆、儿童咳糖浆、馥感啉颗粒、化积泡腾片、健宝灵颗粒、健儿消食凝胶、龙牡壮骨泡腾片、秋泻灵颗粒、小儿肠胃康泡腾片、小儿肠胃康糖浆、小儿肺咳泡腾片等 5
3 13 小儿止咳颗粒、小儿鼻炎颗粒、小儿肠胃康口服液、小儿麻甘泡腾片、四磨汤泡腾片、三臣颗粒、小儿智力颗粒、小儿清热止咳泡腾颗粒、小儿咳喘灵泡腾片、小儿咳喘灵凝胶、健儿消食颗粒、小儿柴桂退热颗粒、儿童咳颗粒 3
4 6 小儿喜食咀嚼片、小儿启脾颗粒、小儿风热清颗粒、宝儿康颗粒、童康颗粒、小儿消食咀嚼片 4
5 3 小儿消食颗粒、小儿百部止咳颗粒、小儿生血颗粒 1
6 5 小儿清肺止咳颗粒、四磨汤糖浆、静灵颗粒、儿咳颗粒、小儿腹泻宁颗粒 0
7 1 小儿消积止咳颗粒 1
8 1 小儿热速清泡腾片 0
9 1 小儿解感颗粒 1
10 2 小儿感冒退热颗粒、小儿感冒宁颗粒 1
), ArticleFig(id=1195054541143019586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
版本 合计 独家企业申请品种型 多家企业申请品种
品种/个 批准/个 批准率/% 品种/个 批准/个 批准率/% 品种/个 批准/个 批准率/%
2002 64 44 68.8 53 35 66 11 9 81.8
2005 175 14 8 120 7 5.8 55 7 12.7
2007 41 15 36.6 36 15 41.7 5 0 0
2020 23 19 82.6 23 19 82.6 0 0 0
合计 303 92 30.4 232 76 32.8 71 16 22.5
), ArticleFig(id=1195054541201739843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

我国历版《药品注册管理办法》实施期间独家和多家企业申请儿科中药新药品种及其批准情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
版本 合计 独家企业申请品种型 多家企业申请品种
品种/个 批准/个 批准率/% 品种/个 批准/个 批准率/% 品种/个 批准/个 批准率/%
2002 64 44 68.8 53 35 66 11 9 81.8
2005 175 14 8 120 7 5.8 55 7 12.7
2007 41 15 36.6 36 15 41.7 5 0 0
2020 23 19 82.6 23 19 82.6 0 0 0
合计 303 92 30.4 232 76 32.8 71 16 22.5
), ArticleFig(id=1195054541289820228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剂型 口服给药制剂 剂型 皮肤和黏膜给药制
品种/个 占比/% 批准/个 批准率/% 品种/个 占比/% 批准/个 批准率/%
颗粒剂 119 44.9 53 44.5 凝胶剂 26 68.4 0 0
片剂 70 26.4 11 15.7 贴膏剂 5 13.2 3 60
溶液剂 38 14.3 13 34.2 软膏剂 4 10.5 3 75
糖浆剂 18 6.8 3 16.7 栓剂 1 2.6 1 100
胶囊剂 8 3.0 0 0 泡沫剂 1 2.6 1 100
丸剂 7 2.6 2 28.6 乳膏剂 1 2.6 0 0
散剂 3 1.1 1 33.3 合计 38 100 8 -
煎膏剂 1 0.4 0 0
喷雾剂 1 0.4 1 100
合计 265 100 84 -
), ArticleFig(id=1195054541369512005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195000463658566356, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

我国儿科中药新药品种的给药途径和剂型情况

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剂型 口服给药制剂 剂型 皮肤和黏膜给药制
品种/个 占比/% 批准/个 批准率/% 品种/个 占比/% 批准/个 批准率/%
颗粒剂 119 44.9 53 44.5 凝胶剂 26 68.4 0 0
片剂 70 26.4 11 15.7 贴膏剂 5 13.2 3 60
溶液剂 38 14.3 13 34.2 软膏剂 4 10.5 3 75
糖浆剂 18 6.8 3 16.7 栓剂 1 2.6 1 100
胶囊剂 8 3.0 0 0 泡沫剂 1 2.6 1 100
丸剂 7 2.6 2 28.6 乳膏剂 1 2.6 0 0
散剂 3 1.1 1 33.3 合计 38 100 8 -
煎膏剂 1 0.4 0 0
喷雾剂 1 0.4 1 100
合计 265 100 84 -
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基于注册审批数据分析我国儿科中药新药研发现状
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李丹 1, 2 , 徐永丹 1, 2 , 瞿礼萍 1, 2, * , 李秀丽 1, 2 , 黄欣悦 1, 2 , 王世宇 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(7): 763-771
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(7): 763-771
基于注册审批数据分析我国儿科中药新药研发现状
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李丹1, 2, 徐永丹1, 2, 瞿礼萍1, 2, *, 李秀丽1, 2, 黄欣悦1, 2, 王世宇1, *
作者信息
  • 1 成都中医药大学, 西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室, 成都 610037
  • 2 四川省中药监管科学研究基地, 成都 610037
  • 李丹,女,硕士 研究方向:药事管理与法规

通讯作者:

*瞿礼萍,女,博士,副教授 研究方向:药品监管科学及中药国际化Tel:(028)61800231;
王世宇,女,博士,教授 研究方向:药事管理 Tel:(028)61800231
Analysis of the Current Situation of Research and Development of New Pediatric Traditional Chinese Medicines in China Based on Registration and Approval Data
Dan LI1, 2, Yongdan XU1, 2, Liping QU1, 2, *, Xiuli LI1, 2, Xinyue HUANG1, 2, Shiyu WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China
  • 2 Sichuan Center for Regulatory Sciences in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610037, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.07.012
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目的 基于注册审批数据揭示我国儿科中药新药研发现状,为完善儿童药品监管制度提供参考。方法 收集2002—2024年国家药监局受理的468件儿科中药新药注册申请,结合政策背景与文献,分析注册概况、审评时间、注册分类及品种分布特征。结果 注册申请总量先增后降,2002、2005年版《药品注册管理办法》期间达峰值,2007年版后骤降;审评时间不断缩短,2020年版期间的审评效率明显提升;注册类别一直以改良型新药居多,中药复方制剂占比渐增;品种集中于呼吸和消化系统领域,剂型以颗粒剂和片剂为主,其他疾病领域和儿童适宜剂型开发不足。结论 我国儿科中药研发以改良型新药为主,存在同质化和研发活力不足问题。建议优化优先审评审批机制,制定儿科中药研发专项指导原则,加强临床需求与剂型创新引导,推动高质量儿科中药开发。

儿童药品  /  中药新药  /  注册  /  研发

OBJECTIVE To identify the current status of pediatric traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) new drug development in China using registration and approval data, and to provide references for improving the pediatric drug regulatory system. METHODS A total of 468 pediatric TCM new drug registration applications accepted by the China National Medical Products Administration from 2002 to 2024 were collected. Registration profiles, review timelines, registration categories, and product distribution characteristics were analyzed in conjunction with policy backgrounds and literature. RESULTS The total number of registration applications initially increased and then decreased, peaking during the implementation of the 2002 and 2005 editions of the Drug Registration Regulation, followed by a sharp decline after the 2007 edition. The review timelines were progressively shortened, with a notable improvement in approval efficiency under the 2020 edition. Modified new drugs consistently dominated registration categories, while the proportion of TCM compound formulations gradually increased. Products were concentrated in respiratory and digestive system therapies, primarily formulated as granules and tablets. Development in other disease areas and pediatric-friendly dosage forms remained insufficient. CONCLUSION Pediatric TCM development in China predominantly focuses on modified new drugs, with issues of product homogeneity and limited innovation momentum. Recommendations include optimizing priority review mechanisms, establishing specialized pediatric TCM research and development guidelines, strengthening clinical demand-driven innovation, and promoting high-quality pediatric TCM formulations.

pediatric medicine  /  new traditional Chinese medicine  /  registration  /  research and development
李丹, 徐永丹, 瞿礼萍, 李秀丽, 黄欣悦, 王世宇. 基于注册审批数据分析我国儿科中药新药研发现状. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (7) : 763 -771 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.07.012
Dan LI, Yongdan XU, Liping QU, Xiuli LI, Xinyue HUANG, Shiyu WANG. Analysis of the Current Situation of Research and Development of New Pediatric Traditional Chinese Medicines in China Based on Registration and Approval Data[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (7) : 763 -771 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.07.012
儿科用药是维系儿童生命安全的基础,满足儿童患者用药需求和保障用药安全的重要性不言而喻。国家对此亦高度重视,2011年国务院发布《中国儿童发展纲要(2011—2020年)》已首次从国家层面提出儿童用药短缺问题,《国家药品安全“十二五”规划》(国发〔2012〕5号)明确指出鼓励儿童适宜剂型研发,2019年修订施行的《中华人民共和国药品管理法》和2020年国家市场监督管理总局公布施行的《药品注册管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)均围绕鼓励研发、优先审评审批进行了规定[1-2]。然而,受伦理、临床试验可行性和市场回报率等多方面因素影响,当前企业研发儿科药品的动力仍然不足,临床儿科专用药品稀缺[3]。对国家药品编码本位码数据库的调查结果显示,儿科专用药批文数仅占我国上市药品批文总数的2.99%[4]。加之适宜剂型与规格不足、儿科用药信息缺乏等因素,儿科超说明书用药现象尤为普遍,引发药物安全性、有效性、医疗责任、伦理等一系列现实难题[5]。中成药多源于临床实践,可为儿科研究提供宝贵的人用经验信息,开发儿科中药新药不失为解决儿科药品短缺的一条可行路径。《关于保障儿童用药的若干意见》(国卫药政发〔2014〕29号)曾明确提出应充分发挥中医药在儿童用药方面的特色优势,加大儿科中药新药的研发力度。目前关于儿科中成药的分析多基于《中国药典》《国家基本药物目录》(以下简称《基药目录》)《国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险目录》(以下简称《医保目录》)等视角[6-8],对于研发现状的报道并不多见。鉴于此,本研究旨以能够反映企业研发活力的新药注册申报数据为研究对象,全面收集分析历版《办法》实施期间儿科中药新药注册申请信息,揭示我国儿科中药新药研发现状与特点,以期为完善儿童药品监管制度提供参考,对促进儿童健康事业发展有所裨益。
本研究以历版《办法》规定的儿科中药新药注册申请为对象,包括2002年版(2002-12-01~2005-04-30)、2005年版(2005-05-01~2007-09-30)、2007年版(2007-10-01~2020-06-30)和2020年版(2020-07-01至今)。这4版《办法》规定的新药分别为第1~10类、第1~8类、第1~6类和1~4类注册申请。其中,2007年版《办法》第7、8类中药按新药申请程序申报,亦纳入分析范畴。新药注册申请包括临床试验申请(investigational new drug application,IND)和上市许可申请(new drug application,NDA),分别为完成药物临床前研究和完成临床研究后报送。同时,为便于数据统计,本研究根据历版《办法》中药新药注册分类的规定内容,将中药新药注册分类名称统一为中药复方制剂、有效成分/部位类制剂、新药材/药用部位/药材代用品、改良型中药新药这4类,见表1。需说明的是,由于本研究未收集到2002年版《办法》规定的第7类中药“未在国内上市销售的由中药、天然药物制成的注射剂”,故未在表1列出此类。
参照Zhang[9]的报道,本研究纳入的儿科中药新药注册申请为适应证仅用于儿童或药品名称含“小儿”“儿童”“宝宝”等文字的儿科专用药申请。具体而言,通过检索国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration,NMPA)药品审评中心(Center for Drug Evaluation,CDE)网站、米内网和药智网商业数据库,系统收集2002年12月1日至2024年12月17日CDE受理的儿科中药新药申请,剔除非儿科专用药和重复申请(同一企业重复申请同一品种),并提取“药品名称”“申请阶段”“剂型”“适应症”“治疗领域”“审评结论”“承办日期”等信息,结合必应、谷歌、百度等搜索引擎补充缺项内容。以受理号计,合计纳入468件注册申请。审评结论包括批准、不批准和审评中这3类,其中退审、终止审批程序、撤回申请及公告撤回的情形均视为不批准[10];对审评结论的统计时间为2024年12月17日。采用Excel 2016统计处理数据。
本研究统计的468件注册申请包括IND 72件、NDA 396件。由于历版《办法》施行时间不同,笔者计算年均受理的IND和NDA件数,以反映各版《办法》施行期间新药的研发注册效率。由表2可见,总体上2005年版《办法》年均受理件数最多,为121.3件,2007和2020年版《办法》最少,分别为4.2和5.7件。细分研发与注册阶段后,在IND阶段,以2002年版最多(9.2件),其余3版《办法》均少于5件,2007年版《办法》仅为1.7件;在NDA阶段,历版《办法》年均受理件数的情况与总体较为相似。同时,以“批准件数/受理件数”计算批准率的结果提示,历版《办法》IND阶段的批准率相对较为接近,为63.6%~95.5%,NDA阶段则存在较大差异,2020年版实施期间受理的4件有2件获批,另有2件正在审评中,2002年版为42.9%,2005和2007年版低至4.2%和12.9%。
本部分剔除9件审评时间不详、3件审评中的注册申请后,合计纳入456件申请分析。以CDE受理注册申请的承办日期至完成审评日期的工作日间隔,统计审评时间(d),结果见表3,儿科中药新药注册申请的IND和NDA阶段均以2005年版《办法》审评时间最长,分别为289~712、218~1 834 d,中位数分别为529、776 d,四分位数间距分别为231、199 d;以2020年版《办法》审评时间最短,IND和NDA阶段的审评时间分别为28~57、205~265 d,中位数分别为51、235 d,IND阶段四分位数间距为7 d,NDA阶段因样本量小未计算四分位间距。
非参数检验统计结果显示,4版《办法》下儿科中药新药注册申请审评时间在IND和NDA阶段均有统计学差异(P<0.001)。其中,在IND阶段,2020年版的审评时间显著短于其他3版(P<0.001),其他3版之间则并无统计学意义(P>0.05);在NDA阶段,2007年版的审评时间明显短于2002和2005年版(P<0.001),后两者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2020年版期间批准的2件NDA申请审评时间分别为205和262 d,低于其余3版的中位数(601、776和407 d),由于样本量小并未进行组间统计。
在本研究统计的儿科中药新药注册申请中,有398件改良型中药新药申请(85%),70件中药复方制剂申请(15%),无有效成分/部位类制剂和新药材/药用部位/药材代用品相关申请。其中,398件改良型中药新药申请涉及3种情形:以改变剂型类占绝大多数(390件);其余1件为改变给药途径类;另7件为2020年版新增的增加功能主治类申请,其中1件申请“HYR0201颗粒”为既改变剂型又增加功能主治,本研究将其归入增加功能主治类申请。
进一步分析390件改变剂型类改良型新药申请在历版《办法》的分布可见(表4),以2005年版《办法》占绝大多数(283件,72.6%),但细分不同注册阶段后发现,在IND阶段以2007年版期间受理件数最多,2005、2020年版受理件数最少;NDA阶段同总体相似。计算年均受理件数来反映研发注册效率发现,改变剂型类改良型新药在4版《办法》施行期间的年均受理件数存在较大差异。2005年版最多,达117.9件,而2007和2020年版期间的年均件数仅为2和0.7件。细分IND和NDA后发现,NDA变化趋势与总体相似,而IND则有所不同,以2002年版《办法》最多,2005年版最少。在批准率方面,总体及IND阶段均以2020年版较高,2005年版较低;NDA阶段以2020年版较高,2007年版无一获批。
分析70件中药复方制剂申请结果发现,其在2002年版《办法》的年均受理件数最多(8.3件),其余3版《办法》较为接近,年均受理2~4件;从批准率看,IND和NDA阶段均以2007年版《办法》最低,分别为66.7%和30.8%,2020年版《办法》中有2件NDA申请正在审评中,其余所受理申请几乎均获批准。
以儿科中药新药品种计,本研究纳入统计的468件注册申请共涉及303个品种,包括了232个独家企业申请品种和71个多家申请品种。企业申请数最多的为小儿感冒宁颗粒和小儿感冒退热颗粒,均为10家,其后依次为小儿解感颗粒(9家)、小儿热速清泡腾片(8家)和小儿消积止咳颗粒(7家),其余还有5个品种企业申请数为6家,有61个品种企业申请数在2~5家之间,见表5。进一步分析批准情况的结果显示,独家申请品种的总体批准率为32.8%,相较高于多家企业申请品种(22.5%),在前述企业申请数>5家的10个品种中,仅有小儿感冒宁颗粒、小儿解惑颗粒和小儿消积止咳颗粒3个品种最终批准上市,其余均为不批准。分析独家和多家企业申请品种在各版《办法》的分布情况发现,独家品种在4版办法均有分布,以2005年版《办法》的占比最多(约51.7%),多家企业申请品种亦以2005年版《办法》占比最高(约77.5%),但并不涉及2020年版《办法》,见表6
按解剖治疗化学(anatomical therapeutic chemical,ATC)一级分类编码体系,对申请品种所涉及的疾病领域予以归类,发现儿科中药新药品种以呼吸系统用药(155个)和消化系统用药(114个)这2类居多,合计约占88.8%,其他还涉及神经系统用药(13个,4.3%)、肌肉—骨骼系统用药(7个,2.3%)、抗肿瘤药和免疫机能调节药(2个,0.7%)、皮肤用药(6个,2%)和其他用药(6个,2%)。
统计给药途径和剂型的结果见表7,绝大多数儿科中药新药品种为口服给药(265个,87.5%),另有37个皮肤给药(12.2%)和1个黏膜给药制剂(0.3%)。就具体剂型而言,口服给药制剂中申请最多的为颗粒剂,有119个,约占44.9%,其余相对较多的剂型还有片剂(70个,26.4%)、溶液剂(38个,14.3%)和糖浆剂(18个,6.8%),另有少数胶囊剂、丸剂、散剂等。在皮肤和黏膜给药中,涉及凝胶剂、贴膏剂、软膏剂、栓剂等6种剂型,以凝胶剂(26个,68.4%)、贴膏剂(5个,13.2%)和软膏剂(4个,10.5%)申请品种较多,其他仅有1个品种。以批准率反映各剂型获批难易程度的分析结果发现,口服给药制剂中1个喷雾剂获批,其余以颗粒剂和溶液剂较易获批,批准率分别为44.5%和34.2%,其次为散剂、丸剂、糖浆剂、片剂,批准率15.7%~33.3%,胶囊剂和煎膏剂尚无批准。在皮肤和黏膜给药制剂中,以贴膏剂和软膏剂批准最多,申请最多的凝胶剂无一获批。
2002和2005年版《办法》规定改变上市中药剂型但生产工艺无质的改变时,可减免药理、毒理和临床研究资料,一定程度造成了当时简单改剂型NDA申请数量的显著增多和审评积压现象[11-12]。本研究分析儿科中药新药注册申请的结果同样呈类似特点,见表2,在纳入的468件申请中,有83.3%(390件)为2002和2005年版《办法》实施期间的申请,且其中92.8%为改变剂型类改良型中药新药的NDA申请。国家药监部门曾于2008年印发《过渡期品种集中审评工作方案》(国食药监办〔2008〕128号)以解决新药注册申请的遗留和积压问题,对2007年版《办法》实施之前已受理但尚未完成审评的申请开展集中审评[13]。本研究进一步统计儿科中药新药注册申请的审评时间的结果亦提示,2002和2005年版《办法》期间的NDA审评时间显著长于2007和2020年版。
同时,本研究统计结果显示,2007年版《办法》实施后,儿科中药新药NDA申请的年均受理量从2005年版的121.3件骤降至4.2件。这与2007年版《办法》提高中药新药的要求,不再将简单改剂型等情形纳入新药范畴有关[14],也提示当时的改革有效遏制了新药研究的低水平重复。但中药新药申请的低受理量也引发了业界对中药产业创新发展的担忧[15]。为此,国家分别于2016年6月6日、2018年7月24日提出药品上市许可持有人、临床试验默示许可改革举措[16-17],2020年版《办法》从规章层面对其正式明确规定,并作出了以临床价值为导向的中药注册分类重大改革。根据本研究结果,儿科中药新药IND申请的年均受理量从2007年版的1.7件小幅增至2020年版的4.8件,进一步分析上述改革举措实施前后的受理情况发现,IND年受理量均在1~4件范围内波动,而2023年儿科中药IND申请的受理量增至11件,为近10年来的峰值,这也是2020年版《办法》年均受理量增长的主要来源。可见,国家近年来的各项改革措施对促进儿科中药新药的研发起到了一定的推动作用。这一方面可能与新药研究周期长、研发注册存在滞后有关,另一方面也反映出目前企业研发中药儿科新药的动力还有待提升。
2011年《中国儿童发展纲要(2011—2020年)》提出儿童用药短缺问题后,国家出台了包括《关于深化药品市评市批改革进一步鼓励创新的意见》[18]《关于保障儿童用药的若干意见》[19]《关于改革药品医疗器械审评审批制度的意见》[20]《关于鼓励药品创新实行优先审评审批的意见》[21]等一系列促进儿科用药研发的政策文件,提出鼓励研发儿童适宜剂型和儿童专用规格,优先审评审批具有明显临床优势的儿科用药等。2020年版《办法》更从规章层面明确将符合儿童生理特征的儿科用药新品种、剂型和规格等情形,纳入了优先审评审批程序。从本研究结果看,2007和2020年版《办法》实施后,儿科中药新药申请在IND和NDA阶段的审评时间中位数分别从2005年版《办法》的529和776 d降至了2020年版的51和235 d。统计具体审评时间可发现,2020年版《办法》期间批准的18件IND申请临床试验默示许可按时限审结率达100%。这从一定程度上反映了当前儿科中药新药的审评效率有所提高,上述改革措施取得了积极成效。
根据Liu等[22]对整体中药新药审评时间的分析结果,2014—2022年间批准中药新药在NDA阶段的审评时间中位数为38个月。统计本研究纳入的同期儿科中药新药数据,NDA申请的审评时间中位数为52个月,明显长于整体中药新药。尽管产品临床定位与价值、试验数据支持力度、申报资料撰写质量等企业相关因素也可能影响新药审评时间,这也在一定程度反映出相较整体中药来说,儿科中药新药的审评审批效率还有一定提升空间。同时,优先审评审批程序是我国激励儿科药品研发的重要措施。但根据CDE披露信息,截至2024年9月,被纳入优先审评名单的1 594个品种中仅有小儿黄金止咳颗粒等5个儿科中药品种,通过优先审评审批程序上市的70个儿科用药品种中也仅有芍麻止痉颗粒1个中药品种。表明国家关于加快儿科药品(尤其儿科中药)审评审批有关政策在实际操作层面的效果还未充分展现。另一方面,2020年版《办法》规定适用于优先审评审批程序的儿科药品情形主要包括“符合儿童生理特征的儿童用药品新品种、剂型和规格”和“国家药品监督管理局规定其他优先审评审批的情形”2种。而目前纳入优先审评名单的5个儿科中药均属后者,尚无属于前者的情形。为充分发挥中药在儿科临床的优势和作用,推动儿科中药新药的研发,建议有关部门还应重视儿童药品优先审评审批程序如何更好体现中药特点这一问题的研究,提升优先审评审批制度促进儿科中药新药研发的可操作性。
表1的4种中药新药中,改良型中药新药是2020年版《办法》提出的全新分类,包括改变已上市中药产品给药途径、剂型、生产工艺或辅料以及增加功能主治这4种情形。本研究将2002年版《办法》中改变给药途径、剂型和工艺类,2005年版《办法》改变给药途径、剂型类,2007年版《办法》中按新药程序申报的第7、8类改变给药途径、剂型的申请,均统一纳入改良型中药新药申请。分析结果显示,改良型中药新药是历版《办法》受理最多的儿科中药新药申请(85%,398件),绝大多数为2002和2005年版《办法》期间受理的改变剂型类申请(390件,98%)。这与“3.1”所述这2版《办法》对简单改剂型新药的“低门槛”有着直接联系。
中药复方制剂基于传统中医药理论,多源自中医临床实践经验,是最能体现中医药特色的中药新药类别[23]。我国儿科中药新药受理量较大的另一类别则是此类,约占整个儿科中药新药申请的15%。自2007年版《办法》实施后,中药复方制剂在儿科中药新药申请中的比例明显上升,其占比从2002和2005年版《办法》期间的20.2%和2.7%,增长至2007和2020年版《办法》期间的52.8%和56%。这反映了儿科中药新药的研发在逐渐向更能体现中医药原创优势的方向转变。此外,本研究统计历版《办法》期间受理的其他注册类别,未见有效成分/部位类制剂和新药材/药用部位/药材代用品申请,这与课题组前期统计2007年版《办法》实施期间中药新药申请的结果相似[24]。表明无论是成人还是儿童,由于这2个类别缺乏人用历史,开发难度和风险都更大,企业研发的积极性不高。
可见,基于已上市药品的改良型新药和基于临床实践经验的中药复方制剂是目前儿科中药新药研发的主要策略。近年来,NMPA十分重视儿童药品有关政策的制定,专门开通“儿童用药专栏”,并制定了《儿童用药(化学药品)药学开发指导原则(试行)》[25]《儿科用药临床药理学研究技术指导原则》[26]《真实世界研究支持儿童药物研发与审评的技术指导原则(试行)》[27]《儿童用化学药品改良型新药临床试验技术指导原则(试行)》[28]等。相比之下,NMPA针对儿科中药新药研发的指导原则较少,主要包括2023年5月联合国家中医药管理局发布的《古代经典名方关键信息表(“异功散”等儿科7首方剂)》[29]和2024年3月发布的《小儿便秘中药新药临床研发技术指导原则(试行)》[30]。企业研究儿科中药新药只能依据一般性中药新药的指导原则,如《中药改良型新药研究技术指导原则(试行)》[31]、《基于人用经验的中药复方制剂新药临床研发指导原则(试行)》[32]。在已上市药品基础上优化形成具有明显儿科临床优势的改良型新药是开发儿科中药新药的重要路径,建议NMPA后续还可专项研究制定关于儿童用中药改良型新药研究的技术指导原则,对其药学、药理毒理及临床研究技术要求给予指引。同样地,儿科用药人用经验的研究相较成人亦有其特殊性,对基于人用经验的儿科中药复方制剂临床研究技术要求亦是NMPA后续可专项研究讨论的议题。此外,药品注册申请中沟通交流在降低和规避药物研发风险、提高新药研发注册工作的科学性和有效性方面发挥着重要作用。企业在研发和申报过程中还应充分利用沟通交流政策红利,及时与药监部门沟通,以解决研发注册过程中的更多个性问题,提升注册申请质量与效率,助力儿科中药新药研发小步快跑。
已有基于《中国药典》《基药目录》《医保目录》的研究结果显示,目前临床应用的儿科中成药涉及的治疗领域以肺系疾病和脾胃疾病用药为主,约占65%,给药途径以口服为主,其剂型多为片剂、颗粒剂、口服液等传统剂型[7]。米内网数据显示,2023年儿科中成药市场亦集中在呼吸系统和消化系统疾病领域,其中以感冒和止咳祛痰用药合计占总市场份额70.3%,厌食症用药、补充营养剂用药和止泻药合计占24.3%;市场畅销剂型以颗粒剂为主,占总市场份额的50%,溶液剂次之,占30%。本研究从新药注册申请的视角研究发现,我国儿科中药的研发同样高度集中在呼吸系统和消化系统用药领域(合计约占88.8%),剂型亦以颗粒剂、片剂和溶液剂为主(合计约占74.9%),而在神经系统、肌肉—骨骼系统、抗肿瘤药和免疫机能调节药等疾病领域,及喷雾剂、栓剂、乳膏剂等儿童适宜剂型的开发还显不足。同时,对独家和多家企业申请品种批准情况的分析结果亦提示,多家企业参与同一品种的研究注册,并未提高批准率,且还有一定下降趋势。这提示我国儿科中药新药研发低水平同质化问题比较突出,这一方面可能因为企业自身研究基础薄弱,鲜少愿意投入风险高的研发领域,另一方面也提示政府对研发的引领作用还有提升空间。
事实上,《关于保障儿童用药的若干意见》(国卫药政发〔2014〕29号)明确提出促进儿童适宜品种、剂型、规格的研发创制和申报审评后,我国陆续制定发布了5批《鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单》(以下简称《清单》)[33-37],以引导企业对儿童药品的研发。但该《清单》以具体的儿童药品品种呈现,共有147个品种,涉及化学药品和生物制品,尚无中药品种。儿科用药需求清单(needs for paediatric medicines)也是欧盟激励儿童药品研发的重要措施,它更加注重对儿科临床中未被满足的治疗需求及其相应治疗领域的确定和引导,在此基础上制定具体的药品品种清单[38]。相较我国直接以具体品种呈现而言,欧盟儿科用药需求清单的包容性和临床导向性更强,值得借鉴。
与此同时,2023年NMPA发布的《中药注册管理专门规定》提出中药新药研制应当坚持以临床价值为导向,发挥中医药防病治病的独特优势和作用,注重满足尚未满足的临床需求[39]。中华中医药学会亦在同年12月试点组织其分支机构及相关专家,围绕恶性肿瘤、干燥综合征、类风湿关节炎等10个疾病领域研究发布了《中药新药研发用临床需求清单(第一批)》[40],这对引导中药新药研发更好地服务临床用药需求具有重要价值。这类围绕临床治疗需求和疾病领域制定的需求清单,对中药新药的“兼容性”更强,能更有效地引导企业研究儿科中药新药。相关部门在后续《清单》制定中,可进一步优化其制定方式,尤其是应结合儿科临床实际需求,重视疾病领域、剂型等与品种的结合,还应加强对《清单》如何更好地体现中药特点这一问题的研究,以期能够引导企业开发更具临床价值的儿科中药新药,促进中药产业的健康发展。
  • 四川省社会科学重点研究基地·四川中医药发展研究中心项目资助(STDYB202411)
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2025年第60卷第7期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.07.012
  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2025-11-11
  • 出版时间:2025-04-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
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四川省社会科学重点研究基地·四川中医药发展研究中心项目资助(STDYB202411)
作者信息
    1 成都中医药大学, 西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室, 成都 610037
    2 四川省中药监管科学研究基地, 成都 610037

通讯作者:

*瞿礼萍,女,博士,副教授 研究方向:药品监管科学及中药国际化Tel:(028)61800231;
王世宇,女,博士,教授 研究方向:药事管理 Tel:(028)61800231
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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