Article(id=1194344009100395067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1194344006382486063, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)10-1071-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.10.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1732204800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762683401607, onlineDateStr=2025-11-09, pubDate=1746028800000, pubDateStr=2025-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762683401607, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762683401607, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762683401607, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194344006382486063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='10', pageStart='1005', pageEnd='1102', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762683400960, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762844794786, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195020941253128793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1194344006382486063, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195020941253128794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1194344006382486063, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1071, endPage=1076, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194344009305915965, articleId=1194344009100395067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Development and Validation of Two Methods for the Detection of Size Distribution of Residual Vero Cell DNA Fragments in Vaccine, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To develop and verify two methods for the detection of size distribution of residual Vero cell DNA in the bulk of vaccine. METHODS Based on capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic chip-based electrophoresis, a method for separation and detection of residual Vero cell DNA fragments in different size which have been purified and fluorescent-labelled was established. The developed method was verified for specificity, accuracy, repeatability, sensitivity, and used for detection of size distribution of residual Vero cell DNA fragments in the bulk of two different vaccines. RESULTS Thirteen DNA fragments of different size were separated at baseline level. The relative deviation in retention time between the control product with 200, 500, 1 000 bp DNA and the reference product were lower than 0.5%. The average relative deviations of retention time by 6 times detection of 13 DNA fragments were 0.72% and 0.11%, respectively. The LODs were 1.5 and 0.1 pg·μL-1, respectively. The blank control showed no influence on the test. The result of the sample added with standard DNA fragments was in accordance with the theoretical expectation. No peak was detected in one kind of vaccine sample, and the other one showed two groups of peaks representing different size. CONCLUSION The developed method has good specificity and high sensitivity. It is convenient and rapid, which is suitable for the determination of size distribution of residual DNA fragments in the bulk of vaccine.

, correspAuthors=Xuan ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tianshu SHAO, Xuan ZHAO, Hong JI, Min LI, Wenhui ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1194344180022477571, articleId=1194344009100395067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=检测疫苗原液中Vero细胞残留DNA片段大小的两种分析方法的建立及验证, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立疫苗原液中残留Vero细胞DNA片段大小的两种检测方法并验证。方法 基于毛细管电泳和微流控芯片电泳两种技术分别建立对经纯化提取、荧光标记的不同大小的宿主细胞残留DNA分离及检测方法,评价两种方法的专属性、准确度、重复性和灵敏度,并用建立的方法对两种由Vero细胞生产的疫苗原液进行测定。结果 两种方法对混合参考品中的13种不同相对分子质量大小的DNA片段均可基线分离,200、500、1 000 bp DNA质控品与参考品相应峰保留时间相对偏差均小于0.5%,6次进样各DNA保留时间的平均相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.72%和0.11%,检出限分别为1.5、0.1 pg·μL-1。空白对照对测定无干扰。向样品中添加特定DNA片段的检测结果符合理论预期。样品测定结果显示两种疫苗原液中有一种未检出DNA片段峰,1种检出约在50~1 000 bp内以及2 000 bp以上的大小不一的两组DNA片段峰。结论 两种方法简便快捷,均有较好的专属性和较高的灵敏度,适用于疫苗原液中Vero细胞残留DNA片段大小的检测。

, correspAuthors=赵璇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵璇,女,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:疫苗质量控制 Tel:(010)52779601
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邵天舒,男,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:疫苗质量控制

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DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.01.001., articleTitle=Comparative analysis of the performance of residual host-cell DNA assays for viral vaccines produced in Vero cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285042753966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=17, issue=7, pageStart=2158, pageEnd=2168, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZULKARNAIN N N, ANUAR N, ABD RAHMAN N, journalName=Hum Vaccin Immunother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZULKARNAIN N N, ANUAR N, ABD RAHMAN N, et al. Cell based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing[J]. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2021, 17(7): 2158-2168., articleTitle=Cell based influenza vaccine: current production, halal status assessment, and recommendations towards Islamic-compliant manufacturing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285118251439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.fda.gov/media/78428/download, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=FDA, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FDA. Characterization and qualification of cell substrates and other biological materials used in the production of viral vaccines for infectious disease indications, guidance for industry[EB/OL]. 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Chin J New Drug(中国新药杂志), 2020, 29(15): 1770-1777., articleTitle=Determination of residual proteins in the penicillin antibiotics produced by enzymatic process with microfluidic chip-based capillary electrophoresis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285252469169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=59, issue=6, pageStart=555, pageEnd=558, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=XU K W, GUO J Z, GAO X M, journalName=Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU K W, GUO J Z, GAO X M, et al. Laboratory proficiency testing for antigen content of inactived COVID-19 vaccines[J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2024, 59(6): 555-558., articleTitle=Laboratory proficiency testing for antigen content of inactived COVID-19 vaccines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285311189426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=35, issue=8, pageStart=981, pageEnd=985, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=JIANG Z, LIU Y Y, ZHU W H, journalName=Chin J Biol(中国生物制品学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Z, LIU Y Y, ZHU W H, et al. Establishment of real-time quantitative PCR method for determination of residual Vero cell DNA in inactivated poliovirus vaccine made from Sabin strain and corresponding quality standard[J]. Chin J Biol(中国生物制品学杂志), 2022, 35(8): 981-985., articleTitle=Establishment of real-time quantitative PCR method for determination of residual Vero cell DNA in inactivated poliovirus vaccine made from Sabin strain and corresponding quality standard, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285369909683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=6, pageStart=707, pageEnd=713, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LIU L Q, BAO X H, ZHOU H M, journalName=Chin J Biol(中国生物制品学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU L Q, BAO X H, ZHOU H M, et al. Development and verification of qPCR method for detection of residual host DNA in human rabies vaccine (Vero cells)[J]. Chin J Biol(中国生物制品学杂志), 2023, 36(6): 707-713., articleTitle=Development and verification of qPCR method for detection of residual host DNA in human rabies vaccine (Vero cells), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285432824244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=7, pageStart=839, pageEnd=843, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=CHENG X L, SHI J R, ZHANG X T, journalName=Chin J Biol(中国生物制品学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG X L, SHI J R, ZHANG X T, et al. Development and verification of a quantitative real-time PCR method for determination of host cell DNA residues in inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cells)[J]. Chin J Biol(中国生物制品学杂志), 2023, 36(7): 839-843., articleTitle=Development and verification of a quantitative real-time PCR method for determination of host cell DNA residues in inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cells), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285499933109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=Ch.P(2020) Vol Ⅲ(中国药典2020年版.三部), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ch.P(2020) Vol Ⅲ(中国药典2020年版.三部)[S]. 2020: 555-558., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285575430582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.fda.gov/media/113760/download, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=FDA, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FDA. Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) Information for Human Gene Therapy Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs). [EB/OL]. (2020-01-31) [2024-08-01]. https://www.fda.gov/media/113760/download., articleTitle=Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) Information for Human Gene Therapy Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285667705271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.cde.org.cn/zdyz/domesticinfopage?zdyzIdCODE=c78a179af7edac00e6d8893dcdfef01f, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=CDE NMPA, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CDE NMPA. Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Research and Evaluation of Gene Therapy Products in vivo. [EB/OL]. (2022-05-31) [2024-08-01]. https://www.cde.org.cn/zdyz/domesticinfopage?zdyzIdCODE=c78a179af7edac00e6d8893dcdfef01f., articleTitle=Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Research and Evaluation of Gene Therapy Products in vivo, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1194372285734814136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=33, issue=11, pageStart=1109, pageEnd=1114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=TANG Q, SHI J R, XING P D, journalName=Chin J New Drug(中国新药杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG Q, SHI J R, XING P D, et al. Research progress in the production process and quality control of mRNA vaccines[J]. Chin J New Drug(中国新药杂志), 2024, 33(11): 1109-1114., articleTitle=Research progress in the production process and quality control of mRNA vaccines, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1194372284468134310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, awardId=Z211100002121007, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市科技新星计划项目资助(Z211100002121007), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1194372281469206900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194372281473401205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, companyId=1194372281469206900, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing Centre for Vaccine Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194372281481789814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, companyId=1194372281469206900, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京市药品检验研究院, 北京市疫苗检验中心, 国家药监局创新药物安全研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 102206)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1194372283536998810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=System suitability graphs for the detection of size distribution of residual Vero cell DNA fragments in vaccine by capillary electrophoresis

A-13 DNA fragments; B-blank control; C-EV71 sample added with 3 standard DNA fragments; D-total DNA of Vero cells.

, figureFileSmall=39GEm/sIE946Ma3YXz0pfg==, figureFileBig=dEzN1dTC8LE5YDcXA6gHzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372283595719067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=CN, label=图1, caption=毛细管电泳法测定疫苗中Vero细胞残留DNA片段大小系统适用性图

A-13种DNA片段参考品;B-空白对照;C-EV71样品中添加3种混合DNA片段质控品;D-Vero细胞总DNA。

, figureFileSmall=39GEm/sIE946Ma3YXz0pfg==, figureFileBig=dEzN1dTC8LE5YDcXA6gHzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372283671216540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=System suitability graphs for the detection of size distribution of residual Vero cell DNA fragments in vaccine by microfluidic chip-based electrophoresis

A-13 DNA fragments; B-blank control; C-EV71 sample added with 3 standard DNA fragments; D-total DNA of Vero cells.

, figureFileSmall=PZKbs2w7zZYTIYuL/dEuKQ==, figureFileBig=5VEtcizyzbQRS2SAwdGOXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372283725742493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=CN, label=图2, caption=微流控芯片法测定疫苗中Vero细胞残留DNA片段大小系统适用性图

A-13种DNA片段参考品;B-空白对照;C-EV71样品中添加3种混合DNA片段质控品;D-Vero细胞总DNA。

, figureFileSmall=PZKbs2w7zZYTIYuL/dEuKQ==, figureFileBig=5VEtcizyzbQRS2SAwdGOXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372283797045662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Test graphs of residual DNA fragments of vaccine bulks by using capillary electrophoresis

A-EV71 vaccine bulks; B-certain kind of respiratory virus vaccine bulks.

, figureFileSmall=+Px3MPss975nt32mJJPfcw==, figureFileBig=Zr+4ldhQoe3iuKmPnMYWIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372283893514655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=CN, label=图3, caption=毛细管电泳法测定疫苗原液残留DNA片段图

A-EV71疫苗原液; B-某呼吸道病毒疫苗原液。

, figureFileSmall=+Px3MPss975nt32mJJPfcw==, figureFileBig=Zr+4ldhQoe3iuKmPnMYWIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372283952234912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Test graphs of residual DNA fragments of vaccine bulks by using microfluidic chip-based electrophoresis

A-EV71 vaccine bulks; B-certain kind of respiratory virus vaccine bulks.

, figureFileSmall=RfQ2WCxjx7/Iy1xTjBGwbQ==, figureFileBig=g3pAp6eKT/dI7hyao8iDjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372284010955169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=CN, label=图4, caption=微流控芯片电泳测定疫苗原液残留DNA片段图

A-EV71疫苗原液;B-某呼吸道病毒疫苗原液。

, figureFileSmall=RfQ2WCxjx7/Iy1xTjBGwbQ==, figureFileBig=g3pAp6eKT/dI7hyao8iDjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372284065481122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The RSDs of retention time of 200, 500, 1 000 bp DNA fragments between DNA control and reference product

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DNA
fragment
size/bp
RSD of retention time
(capillary electrophoresis)/%
RSD of retention time (microfluidic
chip-based electrophoresis)/ %
capillary electrophoresis microfluidic chip-based electrophoresis
200 0.40 0.42
500 0.15 0.14
1 000 0.05 0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1194372284140978595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

NA质控品中200、500、1 000 bp片段与DNA参考品中相应片段保留时间相对标准偏差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DNA
fragment
size/bp
RSD of retention time
(capillary electrophoresis)/%
RSD of retention time (microfluidic
chip-based electrophoresis)/ %
capillary electrophoresis microfluidic chip-based electrophoresis
200 0.40 0.42
500 0.15 0.14
1 000 0.05 0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1194372284250030500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The RSDs of retention time of each fragments by 6 times of detection of reference product containing 13 different DNA fragments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DNA
fragment
size/bp
RSD of retention time
(capillary electrophoresis)/%
RSD of retention time (microfluidic
chip-based electrophoresis)/ %
capillary electrophoresis microfluidic chip-based electrophoresis
50 0.67 0.03
100 0.69 0.08
150 0.73 0.14
200 0.68 0.13
300 0.69 0.14
400 0.71 0.17
500 0.81 0.11
600 0.70 0.17
700 0.73 0.10
1 000 0.84 0.15
2 000 0.73 0.05
3 000 0.75 0.06
7 000 0.67 0.07
Average 0.72 0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1194372284329722277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344009100395067, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DNA参考品中13个不同片段6次测定各片段保留时间相对标准偏差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DNA
fragment
size/bp
RSD of retention time
(capillary electrophoresis)/%
RSD of retention time (microfluidic
chip-based electrophoresis)/ %
capillary electrophoresis microfluidic chip-based electrophoresis
50 0.67 0.03
100 0.69 0.08
150 0.73 0.14
200 0.68 0.13
300 0.69 0.14
400 0.71 0.17
500 0.81 0.11
600 0.70 0.17
700 0.73 0.10
1 000 0.84 0.15
2 000 0.73 0.05
3 000 0.75 0.06
7 000 0.67 0.07
Average 0.72 0.11
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检测疫苗原液中Vero细胞残留DNA片段大小的两种分析方法的建立及验证
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邵天舒 , 赵璇 * , 纪宏 , 李珉 , 朱文慧
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(10): 1071-1076
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(10): 1071-1076
检测疫苗原液中Vero细胞残留DNA片段大小的两种分析方法的建立及验证
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邵天舒, 赵璇*, 纪宏, 李珉, 朱文慧
作者信息
  • 北京市药品检验研究院, 北京市疫苗检验中心, 国家药监局创新药物安全研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 102206
  • 邵天舒,男,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:疫苗质量控制

通讯作者:

*赵璇,女,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:疫苗质量控制 Tel:(010)52779601
Development and Validation of Two Methods for the Detection of Size Distribution of Residual Vero Cell DNA Fragments in Vaccine
Tianshu SHAO, Xuan ZHAO*, Hong JI, Min LI, Wenhui ZHU
Affiliations
  • Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing Centre for Vaccine Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2025-05-01 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.10.010
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目的 建立疫苗原液中残留Vero细胞DNA片段大小的两种检测方法并验证。方法 基于毛细管电泳和微流控芯片电泳两种技术分别建立对经纯化提取、荧光标记的不同大小的宿主细胞残留DNA分离及检测方法,评价两种方法的专属性、准确度、重复性和灵敏度,并用建立的方法对两种由Vero细胞生产的疫苗原液进行测定。结果 两种方法对混合参考品中的13种不同相对分子质量大小的DNA片段均可基线分离,200、500、1 000 bp DNA质控品与参考品相应峰保留时间相对偏差均小于0.5%,6次进样各DNA保留时间的平均相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.72%和0.11%,检出限分别为1.5、0.1 pg·μL-1。空白对照对测定无干扰。向样品中添加特定DNA片段的检测结果符合理论预期。样品测定结果显示两种疫苗原液中有一种未检出DNA片段峰,1种检出约在50~1 000 bp内以及2 000 bp以上的大小不一的两组DNA片段峰。结论 两种方法简便快捷,均有较好的专属性和较高的灵敏度,适用于疫苗原液中Vero细胞残留DNA片段大小的检测。

残留DNA  /  片段分布  /  疫苗原液  /  毛细管电泳  /  微流控芯片电泳

OBJECTIVE To develop and verify two methods for the detection of size distribution of residual Vero cell DNA in the bulk of vaccine. METHODS Based on capillary electrophoresis and microfluidic chip-based electrophoresis, a method for separation and detection of residual Vero cell DNA fragments in different size which have been purified and fluorescent-labelled was established. The developed method was verified for specificity, accuracy, repeatability, sensitivity, and used for detection of size distribution of residual Vero cell DNA fragments in the bulk of two different vaccines. RESULTS Thirteen DNA fragments of different size were separated at baseline level. The relative deviation in retention time between the control product with 200, 500, 1 000 bp DNA and the reference product were lower than 0.5%. The average relative deviations of retention time by 6 times detection of 13 DNA fragments were 0.72% and 0.11%, respectively. The LODs were 1.5 and 0.1 pg·μL-1, respectively. The blank control showed no influence on the test. The result of the sample added with standard DNA fragments was in accordance with the theoretical expectation. No peak was detected in one kind of vaccine sample, and the other one showed two groups of peaks representing different size. CONCLUSION The developed method has good specificity and high sensitivity. It is convenient and rapid, which is suitable for the determination of size distribution of residual DNA fragments in the bulk of vaccine.

residual DNA  /  size distribution  /  vaccine bulk  /  capillary electrophoresis  /  microfluidic chip-based electrophoresis
邵天舒, 赵璇, 纪宏, 李珉, 朱文慧. 检测疫苗原液中Vero细胞残留DNA片段大小的两种分析方法的建立及验证. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (10) : 1071 -1076 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.10.010
Tianshu SHAO, Xuan ZHAO, Hong JI, Min LI, Wenhui ZHU. Development and Validation of Two Methods for the Detection of Size Distribution of Residual Vero Cell DNA Fragments in Vaccine[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (10) : 1071 -1076 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.10.010
Vero细胞是一种源自非洲绿猴肾脏,通过自发永生化形成的连续细胞系。因其易于培养、稳定性好,在低传代情况下有较好的安全性,且易感染多种病毒,适于多种不同病毒在其内部增殖,而被广泛用于灭活病毒疫苗的生产[1-4],如Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒灭活疫苗、肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗、乙型脑炎灭活疫苗等。采用Vero细胞生产灭活疫苗的主要工艺包括病毒接种细胞,细胞培养使病毒增殖,细胞裂解收获病毒液,以及后续的浓缩、纯化、灭活等工序。由此得到的疫苗原液,虽然经过了纯化以及核酸酶水解核酸等步骤,但随着细胞裂解释放到病毒收获液中的Vero细胞DNA仍有可能少量或微量因未能彻底清除而残留其中。研究表明,少量或微量的残留DNA,特别是哺乳动物传代细胞系的DNA,具有潜在的致瘤性风险[5-8]
关于残留DNA片段大小的问题,美国食品药物管理局(FDA)发布的《关于病毒疫苗细胞基质及其他生物材料成分控制指南》的残留细胞DNA检测章节中就有所论述[9],即:残留DNA因其潜在的致癌性和感染性而引起终产品的风险,这种风险包括致癌基因插入人体基因组产生表达或非致癌基因插入人体基因组引发突变等。降低产品因残留DNA引发的致癌性和感染性风险的办法主要是降低DNA的生物活性。这一目的可通过降低残留DNA的含量和减小残留DNA片段大小来实现,FDA建议残留DNA片段不大于200 bp。疫苗生产企业应当对其终产品中残留DNA的含量和片段大小进行检测。但截至目前,国内外药典、指导原则、指南等都只收录了残留DNA含量的测定方法,而未明确指出残留DNA的片段大小应采用何种方法检测。为此,本研究结合近年来相关领域的技术发展情况,分别摸索并建立了基于毛细管电泳和微流控芯片电泳两种技术分析疫苗原液残留Vero细胞DNA片段大小的方法并进行了验证,旨在作为相关企业开展残留Vero细胞DNA片段大小测定以及质量标准提升的参考,为开展其他品种宿主细胞DNA片段大小分析提供思路,同时也给监管部门在制修订相关质量方法的过程中提供技术支撑。
13种混合DNA参考品(含13种不同大小的DNA片段,分别为50、100、150、200、300、400、500、600、700、1 000、2 000、3 000、7 000 bp,各DNA片段约150 pg·μL-1,安捷伦公司)。3种混合DNA质控品(含3种不同大小DNA片段,分别为200、500、1 000 bp,各DNA片段约9 ng·μL-1)[生工生物工程(上海)有限公司]。Vero细胞DNA参考品(含量32.7 ng·μL-1,湖州申科生物技术有限公司)。肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗原液(以下简称EV71疫苗原液,批号EV7104-2310014、EV7104-2310015、EV7104-2310016)、某呼吸道RNA病毒疫苗原液(研发产品,未上市,具体名称略)均由相关疫苗生产企业提供。
疫苗Vero细胞残留DNA提取试剂盒(磁珠法)(湖州申科生物技术有限公司),PA800plus型毛细管电泳仪、毛细管电泳用ds DNA 1000试剂盒(AB Sciex公司),2100型微流控芯片电泳仪、微流控芯片电泳用高灵敏DNA检测试剂盒(安捷伦公司),KINGFISHER FLEX型核酸提取仪、SYBR Gold核酸凝胶荧光染料(ThermoFisher公司),无DNA酶的Tris-硼酸缓冲液(TBE)、RNA酶A(10 mg·mL-1,无DNA酶,北京碧云天生物技术公司)。
采用磁珠法提取疫苗原液中残留的Vero细胞DNA,主要步骤为:取样品100 μL,加5 mol·L-1氯化钠溶液10 μL,样品缓冲液30 μL,蛋白酶K 15 μL,充分混匀,55℃孵育1 h降解样品中的蛋白。另取96孔深孔板5个,分别在板1各孔内加入DNA结合液200 μL、异丙醇200 μL、蛋白酶K处理后的样本,板2各孔内加入含乙醇的洗涤液A 700 μL,板3各孔内加入洗涤液B 700 μL,板4各孔内加入磁珠15 μL,板5各孔内加入洗脱液100 μL(上述样品缓冲液、DNA结合液、蛋白酶K、磁珠、洗涤液、洗脱液均为疫苗DNA提取试剂盒附带)。将上述5个深孔板置核酸提取仪内相应位置上,启动仪器运行磁珠与样本DNA结合→洗涤液A、B分别洗涤磁珠→加热挥发乙醇→洗脱液将DNA洗脱。根据最终洗脱得到的体积按100∶1的比例加入RNA酶A,37 ℃孵育1 h去除洗脱产物中可能存在的病毒基因组RNA,再重复“取样品”至“将DNA洗脱”的步骤,得到纯化的DNA。
取AB Sciex ds DNA 1000试剂盒中的固体凝胶一支,加入去离子水20 mL搅拌使溶解,再用TBE缓冲液稀释10倍,即得分离胶缓冲液。取分离胶缓冲液10 mL加入SYBR Gold核酸凝胶荧光染料1 μL混合均匀作为工作用分离胶。采用内径100 μm、有效长度30 cm的涂层毛细管作为DNA分离用毛细管;待测样品或参考品以2.5 kV电压进样20 s;反向分离电压9 kV,分离时间20 min;毛细管温度20℃;激光诱导荧光(LIF)检测器,激发波长488 nm,发射波长520 nm。样品上机运行前用去离子水、工作用分离胶先后以137.9 kPa冲洗毛细管5 min;两针之间用工作用分离胶137.9 kPa冲洗毛细管2 min。
取安捷伦高灵敏DNA检测试剂盒中附带的凝胶及DNA染料各1支,取DNA染料15 μL加入凝胶300 μL中,充分混匀并转移至离心过滤管,离心15 min以去除不溶性杂质,得到凝胶染料混合液。将一张高灵敏DNA检测芯片放在灌胶台的芯片槽内,在芯片标有标识Ⓖ的孔内注入凝胶染料混合液9 μL,将灌胶台盖子盖好,推动插入盖子上部的注射器活塞使之由1 mL刻度推至0 mL刻度并用固定卡扣卡紧,静置60 s后松开卡扣。打开灌胶台盖子,在芯片标有G标识的3个孔内注入各注入凝胶染料混合液9 μL,在芯片标有1~11数字标识的各孔内分别加入待测样品或参考品1 μL及试剂盒附带内标(含35和10 380 bp DNA)5 μL。将芯片放入水平适配振荡器中,2 000 r·min-1振荡60 s后放入仪器运行预置的DNA分离检测程序。
系统适用性:分别取13种混合DNA参考品、DNA洗脱液、添加混合DNA质控品的样品(取3种混合DNA质控品用EV7104**10014批原液提取物稀释600倍)及Vero细胞DNA参考品,按“1.4” “1.5”项下的方法测定,验证DNA分离度、空白干扰、阳性对照检出情况。准确度:取3种混合DNA片段质控品用DNA洗脱液稀释600倍,记录200、500、1 000 bp峰保留时间,计算与13种混合DNA参考品中相应峰保留时间的相对偏差。重复性:取13种混合DNA参考品进样6次,记录各峰保留时间计算相对偏差。检出限:取13种混合DNA参考品自质量浓度150 pg·μL-1起依次稀释20、30、40、50、60倍等一系列倍数后进样,以S/N=3∶1时的浓度为检出限。
分别取EV71疫苗原液、某呼吸道病毒疫苗原液各3批,按“1.3”项中的方法提取残留宿主DNA。将提取得到的样品按“1.4” “1.5”项下的方法检测DNA片段大小分布。
两种方法检测混合DNA片段参考品中50~7 000 bp的13个峰均基线分离,空白对照未见出峰,对测定无干扰。向未检出残留DNA峰的EV71疫苗样品中添加3种混合DNA片段质控品,图谱显示的3个峰位置与200、500、1 000 bp理论值一致。Vero细胞DNA参考品显示不同大小片段混合峰,符合理论预期(系统适用性图谱见图1~2)。系统适用性验证结果良好,符合测定要求。
200、500、1 000 bp DNA质控品与13种混合DNA参考品中相应峰保留时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)见表1。采用两种方法测定质控品与参考品,DNA片段峰保留时间RSD均在0.5%以内。显示两种方法均有较好的准确度。
混合DNA参考品进样6次,毛细管电泳法及微流控芯片电泳法13个峰的保留时间相对偏差见表2。采用毛细管电泳法,DNA片段峰保留时间RSD均在0.9%以内;采用微流控芯片电泳法,DNA片段峰保留时间RSD均在0.2%以内。显示两种方法均有良好的重复性。
以13种混合DNA参考品各DNA峰S/N约为3∶1时的各DNA片段浓度为检出限, 当13种混合DNA参考品稀释100倍,即各DNA片段质量浓度约1.5 pg·μL-1时达到微流控芯片法检出限;当13种混合DNA参考品稀释1 500倍,即各DNA片段质量浓度约0.1 pg·μL-1时达到毛细管电泳法检出限。毛细管电泳法测定的灵敏度略高于微流控芯片法。
残留DNA片段大小:3批EV71疫苗原液均未检出残留DNA峰。3批某呼吸道病毒疫苗原液检出残留DNA峰,从50至1 000 bp以及2 000 bp以上区段均有所分布,采用毛细管电泳法较微流控芯片法所见残留DNA峰更为明显(样品图谱见图3~4)。
DNA分子因其核糖-磷酸骨架上的磷酸基团带有负电荷,可在外加反向电压的毛细管凝胶中由阴极向阳极迁移,由此可利用毛细管电泳技术对DNA片段大小进行分析。在毛细管长度、内径、凝胶成分、外加电压等电泳条件以及DNA形态(本实验所用的DNA相对分子质量参考品与哺乳动物基因组DNA均为线性双链)均相同的情况下,迁移速率主要由DNA分子大小决定,不同分子大小的DNA片段因此得以分离并依次通过检测器窗口。加之凝胶中预先添加的荧光染料可插入核酸双链配对的碱基之间,可在特定波长的激发光激发下产生荧光从而被激光诱导荧光检测器检测到,检测灵敏度比传统的紫外检测器大大提高,从而适用于微量以至痕量的残留DNA检测。而微流控芯片电泳法则是将传统的DNA凝胶电泳与微流控技术结合,将制胶、上样、电泳等步骤整合到一张芯片上,采用仪器内置的由多个脉冲电极通道构成的集成化装置进行自动化检测[10]。与毛细管电泳相类似,微流控芯片检测DNA片段也是在凝胶中预先加入荧光染料,采用荧光检测器检测。相较于传统的DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳,这两种方法无论是在灵敏度、分辨力还是自动化便利程度上都有较大提升,同时相较于质谱等方法又具有仪器耗材成本相对较低的优点,可用作残留DNA片段分布的检测。但由于残留DNA通常为众多大小不等的DNA片段混合物,各片段之间往往只有细微差异,不论是毛细管电泳还是微流控芯片电泳还都无法将它们彻底分离,故目前只适于对片段分布情况的监测,尚不能对各种大小的DNA片段准确定量。未来还将开发此类检测方法与高分辨质谱的联用技术,以更加精准确定各残留DNA片段大小。
迄今为止,接种疫苗仍然是当前人类预防传染病最有效、最经济的措施之一[11]。因此,疫苗产品的安全性也一直受到广泛关注。宿主细胞DNA残留的控制和检测因其对接种者健康安全有重大影响而成为疫苗质量控制研究的一项热点内容。相比于大肠杆菌、酵母菌这类原核或低等真核生物细胞,Vero细胞作为灵长类动物传代细胞系,与人体细胞在种属方面更为接近,致瘤风险也更高。目前针对多个不同品种的疫苗都建立了Vero细胞DNA残留的检测方法[12-14]。这些方法均是用来检测残留DNA总量,而针对残留DNA片段大小测定的文献报道则相对较少。相较于小片段,大片段DNA包含重组位点和完整基因的可能性更大,整合插入和致瘤的风险也更高,因此对残留的宿主细胞DNA片段大小分布不应忽视。从本次测定的2种疫苗原液可以看出,已上市的EV71疫苗Vero细胞DNA残留量极低,安全性较好;而在研品种则存在200 bp以上的残留DNA片段检出,尽管残留量同样也在较低的水平,但仍值得关注,能否通过进一步优化改进工艺如核酸酶的添加量及酶解反应条件等尽可能减少大片段DNA的存在。本研究还按照《中国药典》2020年版三部通则3407外源性DNA残留量测定法的第三法(定量聚合酶链式反应法(quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR)[15]对残留DNA总量进行了检测,结果显示3批EV71疫苗原液残留DNA总量均小于qPCR标准曲线最低浓度3.0 fg·μL-1,而3批某呼吸道病毒疫苗原液残留DNA总量均值则为3.8 pg·μL-1,远高于前者,这也从侧面印证了该呼吸道病毒疫苗原液残留DNA不容忽视。此外,针对近年来生物医药领域的热点,如基因治疗产品和mRNA疫苗,其残留DNA的片段大小也应引起重视。美国FDA在2020年发布的《基因治疗产品药学研究指导原则》中的过程相关杂质部分写明基因治疗产品中残留DNA片段大小不应超过200 bp,我国国家药监局药审中心也在《体内基因治疗产品药学研究与评价技术指导原则(试行)》中要求DNA残留片段的大小控制在200 bp以下[16-17];而对于mRNA疫苗则应关注其模板DNA在经过酶处理后的残留片段大小[18]。本研究也可为此类基因治疗产品残留宿主DNA以及mRNA疫苗的残留模板DNA片段大小分析提供借鉴。
  • 北京市科技新星计划项目资助(Z211100002121007)
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2025年第60卷第10期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.10.010
  • 接收时间:2024-11-22
  • 首发时间:2025-11-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-22
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北京市科技新星计划项目资助(Z211100002121007)
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    北京市药品检验研究院, 北京市疫苗检验中心, 国家药监局创新药物安全研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 102206

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*赵璇,女,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:疫苗质量控制 Tel:(010)52779601
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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