Article(id=1194344008840343659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1194344006382486063, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)10-1095-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.10.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762683401546, onlineDateStr=2025-11-09, pubDate=1746028800000, pubDateStr=2025-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762683401546, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762683401546, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762683401546, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194344006382486063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='10', pageStart='1005', pageEnd='1102', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762683400960, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762844794786, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195020941253128793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1194344006382486063, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195020941253128794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1194344006382486063, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1095, endPage=1102, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194344009062641773, articleId=1194344008840343659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Critical Control and Inspection Points for Continuous Encapsulation of Lipid Nanoparticle, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
OBJECTIVE Analyze the key control points and risk points of the process, propose the key points of the review and inspection, based on the continuous encapsulation process of lipid nanoparticles. METHODS On the basis of analyzing the lipid components and coating process of marketed lipid nanoparticles, the similarities and differences in the realization methods, fluid properties, equipment material form, advantages and challenges were analyzed. The key control points, challenge points and risk points, and propose the key technical points of the process were analyzed. RESULTS The challenge and risk points of continuous encapsulation of lipid nanoparticles mainly focus on five aspects: process control model, selection of equipment and hybrid device, application and development of PAT technology, identification and control of disturbance, and disposal of abnormal events. Accordingly, six technical points that should be paid special attention to in the official review and inspection: process research and control strategy, equipment confirmation and plant facilities, process verification and continuous process confirmation, process analysis and control, cleaning verification and cross-pollution prevention and control, and data integrity. CONCLUSION In order to promote the industrialization scale application of new continuous manufacturing technology, review and inspection technical guide is very important. Drug regulatory agency should do more early researches together with the industry.
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目的 基于作为新型载药载体的脂质纳米颗粒的连续化包封工艺,分析品种案例并研究全球药品监管法规,形成关键控制点和审评检查技术要点,为药品审评和检查提供参考,进而推动生物药品连续制造技术的产业化规模化应用。方法 在对已上市脂质纳米颗粒药物脂质组分和包封工艺进行分析的基础上,全面对比分析微流控混合和射流碰撞两种主要的连续包封方法在实现方式、流体性质、设备材料形式、优势和挑战方面的异同,研究确定工艺的关键控制点、工艺挑战点和风险点,进而提出该工艺的审评检查技术要点。结果 脂质纳米颗粒连续包封工艺挑战点和风险点主要集中在工艺控制模型、设备及混合装置选用、过程分析技术(PAT)技术的应用开发、扰动的识别和控制、异常事件的处置5个方面。相应地提出了在审评检查中应特别关注的6个方面的技术要点:工艺研究和控制策略、设备确认及厂房设施、工艺验证和持续工艺确认、过程分析和控制、清洁验证及交叉污染防控、数据完整性。结论 通过基于连续包封工艺案例和全球药品监管法规的比较研究和分析对比,提示我们作为药品“弱相关”的创新技术,连续制造的产业化规模化应用更需要药品审评检查机构提前介入研究,从关键工艺环节逐个突破,与产业界形成基于“审评和检查”的技术指南,从而推动新技术的应用。
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*黄哲,女,博士,教授 研究方向:决策理论与方法、药品监管科学 Tel:(024)23986543
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李香玉,女,硕士研究生,高级工程师 研究方向:药品审评与核查
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典型的脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)结构和主要质控项目[4], figureFileSmall=DCjy/TV0BWiirlWnQDlEvA==, figureFileBig=TjFxfMyA7phnboiX005fyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372332983644345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344008840343659, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=P9uCGsXNXrL06o7NW7lLEg==, figureFileBig=BlqjVXdj1N9Qc2XznBNuNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372333042364602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344008840343659, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
端到端的LNP药物连续制造流程, figureFileSmall=P9uCGsXNXrL06o7NW7lLEg==, figureFileBig=BlqjVXdj1N9Qc2XznBNuNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372333096890555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344008840343659, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=CrdOyRHLV1Z/r2W9nXUGfg==, figureFileBig=ePxYh/4OTwLYqhHBcaYlgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372333168193724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344008840343659, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
微流控芯片技术用于LNP连续包封的原理图 A-Y/T型混合器示意图;B-Y型混合器原理图。
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射流碰撞技术平台用于LNP连续包封的原理图 A-射流碰撞设备总装示意图;B-射流碰撞原理图。
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LNP连续包封工艺控制模型图, figureFileSmall=4iSwhC5/eUDVOXnnOF0j+w==, figureFileBig=ukpPrpHPjROfPqMHPWeALQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194372333470183617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344008840343659, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
批准 年份 | 品名 | 批准 机构 | 生产 企业 | 活性 成分 | LNP组分 | 包封 工艺 | 适应证 |
| 组分 | 类别 | 含量 |
| 2018 | Onpattro (patisiran)[12] | 美国FDA | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 转甲状腺素蛋白导向的siRNA | DLin-MC3-DMA | 可电离脂质 | 13.0 mg·mL-1 | - | 由遗传性转甲状腺素蛋白介导的淀粉样变性引起的多发性神经病 |
| | | | | PEG2000-C-DMG | PEG化脂质 | 1.6 mg·mL-1 | | |
| | | | | DSPC | 中性脂质 | 3.3 mg·mL-1 | | |
| | | | | Cholesterol | 胆固醇 | 6.2 mg·mL-1 | | |
| 2020 | Comirnaty[13] | 英国MHRA 美国FDA (紧急使用) | BioNTech/ Pfizer | COVID-19 mRNA疫苗 | ALC-031 | 可电离脂质 | 0.43 mg·dose-1 | 连续化 | 预防COVID-19 |
| | | | | ALC-0159 | PEG化脂质 | 0.05 mg·dose-1 | | |
| | | | | DSPC | 中性脂质 | 0.09 mg·dose-1 | | |
| | | | | Cholesterol | 胆固醇 | 0.2 mg·dose-1 | | |
| 2020 | Spikevax[14] | 美国FDA (紧急使用) | Moderna | COVID-19 mRNA疫苗 | SM-102 | 可电离脂质 | 3.87 mg·mL-1 | 连续化 | 预防COVID-19 |
| | | | | PEG2000-DMG | PEG化脂质 | | | |
| | | | | DSPC | 中性脂质 | | | |
| | | | | Cholesterol | 胆固醇 | | | |
| 2023 | SYS6006 | 中国NMPA (紧急使用) | 石药集团 | COVID-19 mRNA疫苗 | - | | | 连续化 | 预防COVID-19 |
), ArticleFig(id=1194372333558264002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344008840343659, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
全球批准上市的LNP药物及其脂质组分
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
批准 年份 | 品名 | 批准 机构 | 生产 企业 | 活性 成分 | LNP组分 | 包封 工艺 | 适应证 |
| 组分 | 类别 | 含量 |
| 2018 | Onpattro (patisiran)[12] | 美国FDA | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 转甲状腺素蛋白导向的siRNA | DLin-MC3-DMA | 可电离脂质 | 13.0 mg·mL-1 | - | 由遗传性转甲状腺素蛋白介导的淀粉样变性引起的多发性神经病 |
| | | | | PEG2000-C-DMG | PEG化脂质 | 1.6 mg·mL-1 | | |
| | | | | DSPC | 中性脂质 | 3.3 mg·mL-1 | | |
| | | | | Cholesterol | 胆固醇 | 6.2 mg·mL-1 | | |
| 2020 | Comirnaty[13] | 英国MHRA 美国FDA (紧急使用) | BioNTech/ Pfizer | COVID-19 mRNA疫苗 | ALC-031 | 可电离脂质 | 0.43 mg·dose-1 | 连续化 | 预防COVID-19 |
| | | | | ALC-0159 | PEG化脂质 | 0.05 mg·dose-1 | | |
| | | | | DSPC | 中性脂质 | 0.09 mg·dose-1 | | |
| | | | | Cholesterol | 胆固醇 | 0.2 mg·dose-1 | | |
| 2020 | Spikevax[14] | 美国FDA (紧急使用) | Moderna | COVID-19 mRNA疫苗 | SM-102 | 可电离脂质 | 3.87 mg·mL-1 | 连续化 | 预防COVID-19 |
| | | | | PEG2000-DMG | PEG化脂质 | | | |
| | | | | DSPC | 中性脂质 | | | |
| | | | | Cholesterol | 胆固醇 | | | |
| 2023 | SYS6006 | 中国NMPA (紧急使用) | 石药集团 | COVID-19 mRNA疫苗 | - | | | 连续化 | 预防COVID-19 |
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| 比较项目 | 微流控芯片 | 射流碰撞 |
| 实现方式 | 低通量条件下,通常以黏性力为主导作用力,在微流体通道内扩散混合。高通量条件下,通过微流体的离心涡流优化混合效率 | 依靠平流惯性力在腔体内产生随机流体混合,在高速条件下增大接触面积,快速混合 |
| 流体性质 | 通常为层流状态(雷诺数Re≤100)。也和微通道的结构及材料相关 | 通常为湍流状态(通常雷诺数100<Re<2 000) |
| 设备材料形式 | 通常采用一次性混合器或芯片的设计,混合结构如T型或Y型混合器、迪恩或特斯拉混合器等 | 通常采用不锈钢结构设计,具有广泛的溶剂兼容性 |
| 技术优势 | 可实现参数精准控制、连续制造应用;可通过多模块并行来放大规模,具有可扩展性 | 设备材料及结构更能适应工业化规模生产,可保证设备运行稳健性及可验证性等 |
| 挑战 | 定制化混合器或芯片的加工难度和制造成本较高;材料强度较差 | 实现工艺放大相对较为复杂;设备的清洁等 |
), ArticleFig(id=1194372333688287428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344008840343659, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
微流控芯片和射流碰撞技术用于LNP连续包封的技术对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 比较项目 | 微流控芯片 | 射流碰撞 |
| 实现方式 | 低通量条件下,通常以黏性力为主导作用力,在微流体通道内扩散混合。高通量条件下,通过微流体的离心涡流优化混合效率 | 依靠平流惯性力在腔体内产生随机流体混合,在高速条件下增大接触面积,快速混合 |
| 流体性质 | 通常为层流状态(雷诺数Re≤100)。也和微通道的结构及材料相关 | 通常为湍流状态(通常雷诺数100<Re<2 000) |
| 设备材料形式 | 通常采用一次性混合器或芯片的设计,混合结构如T型或Y型混合器、迪恩或特斯拉混合器等 | 通常采用不锈钢结构设计,具有广泛的溶剂兼容性 |
| 技术优势 | 可实现参数精准控制、连续制造应用;可通过多模块并行来放大规模,具有可扩展性 | 设备材料及结构更能适应工业化规模生产,可保证设备运行稳健性及可验证性等 |
| 挑战 | 定制化混合器或芯片的加工难度和制造成本较高;材料强度较差 | 实现工艺放大相对较为复杂;设备的清洁等 |
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