Article(id=1194344007640772709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1194344006382486063, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)10-1057-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.10.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762683401259, onlineDateStr=2025-11-09, pubDate=1746028800000, pubDateStr=2025-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762683401259, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762683401259, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762683401259, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194344006382486063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='10', pageStart='1005', pageEnd='1102', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1762683400960, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762844794786, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195020941253128793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1194344006382486063, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195020941253128794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1194344006382486063, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1057, endPage=1063, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194344008748068969, articleId=1194344007640772709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Development and Alidation of a Risk Prediction Model for Tigecycline-Induced Drug-Induced Liver Injury was Developed and Validated, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish a predictive model for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) of tigecycline (TGC) to enable early recognition and management of high-risk patients. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on intensive care unit inpatients receiving TGC treatment at the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university between January 2023 and March 2024. Demographics, medical history, admission characteristics, and treatment data were collected. Lasso-logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for TGC-induced DILI. A nomogram was constructed based on these factors, and its predictive performance was assessed. RESULTS A total of 242 patients were enrolled, including 78 in the DILI group and 164 in the non-DILI group. The DILI group had higher proportions of females, age ≥60 years, alcohol consumption, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) scores ≥21, TGC treatment durations ≥14 d, TGC overdosing, and concomitant use of ≥3 d compared with the non-DILI group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that female, age≥60 years, APACHE Ⅱ score ≥21, TGC treatment duration ≥14 d, TGC overdosing, and concomitant use of≥3 medications were independent risk factors for TGC-induced DILI (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.870 (95%CI: 0.795-0.952). Calibration curve analysis suggested good agreement between model predictions and observations, and the decision curve showed that the patients could obtain clinical benefit within the threshold range of 10%-95%. CONCLUSION Gender, age, APACHE Ⅱ score, TGC duration, TGC overdose and concomitant medication are risk factors of TGC-induced DILI, and the nomogram based on these variables has good clinical performance.

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目的 构建替加环素(tigecycline,TGC)致药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury,DILI)的Lasso-logistic回归预测模型,便于风险患者的早期识别和管理。方法 对2023年1月至2024年3月在郑州大学第一附属医院重症监护病房(ICU)接受TGC治疗的242例住院患者进行回顾性分析。收集患者的人口统计学资料、既往病史、入院情况及治疗因素,通过Lasso-logistic回归模型分析TGC致DILI的影响因素,根据影响因素构建TGC致DILI的可视化列线图预测模型,并对模型预测效能进行验证。结果 242例患者中DILI患者78例(DILI组),无DILI患者164例(无DILI组)。DILI组中女性、年龄≥60岁、饮酒、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ,APACHEⅡ)评分≥21分、TGC疗程≥14 d、TGC超剂量、合并用药≥3种的患者占比高于无DILI组(P<0.05)。Lasso回归筛选出6个关键预测因子:性别、年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、TGC疗程、TGC剂量、合并用药。Logistic回归分析显示,女性、年龄≥60岁、APACHE Ⅱ评分≥21分、TGC疗程≥14 d、TGC超剂量、合并用药≥3种是TGC致DILI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。预测模型的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.870(95%CI:0.795~0.952);校准曲线显示,模型预测值与实际观测值之间的平均绝对误差为0.025,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验χ2=7.138,P=0.525;决策曲线显示,在10%~95%阈值区间内,患者能够获得显著临床净获益。结论 性别、年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、TGC疗程、TGC超剂量及合并用药为ICU患者TGC致DILI风险的关键预测因子,据此构建的预测模型临床价值良好。

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*周玉冰,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药学感染 Tel:(0371)66293047
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孙雅,女,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药学抗感染

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Clin Med J(临床药物治疗杂志), 2023, 21(7):76-80., articleTitle=Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of tigecycline-associatedhypofibrinogenemia in critically ill patients, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1194372433906991619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, awardId=82374018, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目资助(82374018), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1194372430870315468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194372430874509773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, companyId=1194372430870315468, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194372430882898382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, companyId=1194372430870315468, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 郑州大学第一附属医院药学部, 郑州 450052)]), AuthorCompany(id=1194372430950007247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194372430962590160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, companyId=1194372430950007247, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Department of Medical Records Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194372430970978769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, companyId=1194372430950007247, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 郑州大学第一附属医院病案管理科, 郑州 450052)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1194372432686449139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Lasso-logistic regression analysis of TGC induced DILI

A-regression coefficient path graph (1-drinking; 2-sex; 3-age; 4-APACHE Ⅱ score; 5-TGC course; 6-TGC dose; 7-drug combination); B-cross-validation curve.

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A-回归系数路径图(1-饮酒;2-性别;3-年龄;4-APACHEⅡ评分;5-TGC疗程;6-TGC剂量;7-合并用药);B-交叉验证曲线

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Comparison of clinical data between the tigecycline drug-induced liver injury (DILI) group and the non-DILI group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Clinical data DILI group(n=78) Non-DILI group(n=164) χ2/t P
Gender[n(%)] 7 846 0.005
Male 25(32.05) 84(51.22)
Female 53(67.95) 80(48.78)
Age[n(%)] 5.262 0.022
<60 years old 15(19.23) 55(33.54)
≥60 years old 63(80.77) 109(66.46)
BMI[n(%)] 2.131 0.144
<24 kg·m-2 26(33.33) 40(24.39)
≥24 kg·m-2 52(66.67) 124(75.61)
Smoking[n(%)] 39(50.00) 64(39.02) 2.605 0.107
Drinking[n(%)] 48(61.54) 74(45.12) 5.699 0.017
APACHEⅡ score[n(%)] 4.886 0.027
<21 scores 30(38.46) 88(53.66)
≥21 scores 48(61.54) 76(46.34)
Underlying disease[n(%)]
Hypertension 40(51.28) 67(40.85) 2.331 0.127
Diabetes 18(23.08) 26(15.85) 1.854 0.173
Infection site[n(%)] 0.134 0.935
Pulmonary infection 28(35.90) 55(33.54)
Abdominal infection 36(46.15) 78(47.56)
Others 14(17.95) 31(18.90)
Extensively drug resistant pathogenic bacteria[n(%)]
Acinetobacter baumannii 56(71.79) 102(62.20) 2.149 0.143
Klebsiella pneumoniae 52(66.67) 93(56.71) 2.183 0.140
Staphylococcus aureus 35(44.87) 57(34.76) 2.295 0.130
Enterococcus faecium 22(28.21) 35(21.34) 1.383 0.240
TGC course[n(%)] 41.998 <0.001
≤3 d 2(2.56) 35(21.34)
4-7 d 20(25.64) 78(47.56)
8-13 d 30(38.46) 36(21.95)
≥14 d 26(33.33) 15(9.15)
TGC dose[n(%)] 45.812 <0.001
Overdose 70(89.74) 72(43.90)
Standard dose 8(10.26) 92(56.10)
Drug combination[n(%)] 12.239 <0.001
1-2 medications 25(32.05) 92(56.10)
≥3 medications 53(67.95) 72(43.90)
WBC($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s/1×109) 18.14±4.36 17.12±4.48 1.670 0.096
CRP($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s/mg·L-1) 64.82±13.35 61.24±15.36 1.765 0.079
PCT($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s/ng·mL-1) 7.31±2.35 6.68±2.46 1.889 0.060
IL-6($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s/pg·mL-1) 43.25±8.96 40.79±9.45 1.924 0.056
), ArticleFig(id=1194372433491755518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

替加环素(TGC)致药物性肝损伤(DILI)组与无DILI组患者临床资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Clinical data DILI group(n=78) Non-DILI group(n=164) χ2/t P
Gender[n(%)] 7 846 0.005
Male 25(32.05) 84(51.22)
Female 53(67.95) 80(48.78)
Age[n(%)] 5.262 0.022
<60 years old 15(19.23) 55(33.54)
≥60 years old 63(80.77) 109(66.46)
BMI[n(%)] 2.131 0.144
<24 kg·m-2 26(33.33) 40(24.39)
≥24 kg·m-2 52(66.67) 124(75.61)
Smoking[n(%)] 39(50.00) 64(39.02) 2.605 0.107
Drinking[n(%)] 48(61.54) 74(45.12) 5.699 0.017
APACHEⅡ score[n(%)] 4.886 0.027
<21 scores 30(38.46) 88(53.66)
≥21 scores 48(61.54) 76(46.34)
Underlying disease[n(%)]
Hypertension 40(51.28) 67(40.85) 2.331 0.127
Diabetes 18(23.08) 26(15.85) 1.854 0.173
Infection site[n(%)] 0.134 0.935
Pulmonary infection 28(35.90) 55(33.54)
Abdominal infection 36(46.15) 78(47.56)
Others 14(17.95) 31(18.90)
Extensively drug resistant pathogenic bacteria[n(%)]
Acinetobacter baumannii 56(71.79) 102(62.20) 2.149 0.143
Klebsiella pneumoniae 52(66.67) 93(56.71) 2.183 0.140
Staphylococcus aureus 35(44.87) 57(34.76) 2.295 0.130
Enterococcus faecium 22(28.21) 35(21.34) 1.383 0.240
TGC course[n(%)] 41.998 <0.001
≤3 d 2(2.56) 35(21.34)
4-7 d 20(25.64) 78(47.56)
8-13 d 30(38.46) 36(21.95)
≥14 d 26(33.33) 15(9.15)
TGC dose[n(%)] 45.812 <0.001
Overdose 70(89.74) 72(43.90)
Standard dose 8(10.26) 92(56.10)
Drug combination[n(%)] 12.239 <0.001
1-2 medications 25(32.05) 92(56.10)
≥3 medications 53(67.95) 72(43.90)
WBC($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s/1×109) 18.14±4.36 17.12±4.48 1.670 0.096
CRP($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s/mg·L-1) 64.82±13.35 61.24±15.36 1.765 0.079
PCT($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s/ng·mL-1) 7.31±2.35 6.68±2.46 1.889 0.060
IL-6($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s/pg·mL-1) 43.25±8.96 40.79±9.45 1.924 0.056
), ArticleFig(id=1194372433563058687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Variable and assignment method of TGC-induced DILI multifactor Lasso-logistic regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Variable Assignment method
Dependent variable
TGC causes DILI yes=1,no=0
Independent variable
Gender female=1,male=0
Age ≥60 years old=1,<60 years old=0
Drinking yes=1,no=0
APACHEⅡ score ≥21 scores=1,<21 scores=0
TGC course ≥14 d=1,<14 d=0
TGC dose overdose=1,standard dose=0
Drug combination ≥3 medications=1,<3 medications=0
), ArticleFig(id=1194372433634361856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

TGC致DILI多因素Lasso-logistic回归分析的变量及赋值方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Variable Assignment method
Dependent variable
TGC causes DILI yes=1,no=0
Independent variable
Gender female=1,male=0
Age ≥60 years old=1,<60 years old=0
Drinking yes=1,no=0
APACHEⅡ score ≥21 scores=1,<21 scores=0
TGC course ≥14 d=1,<14 d=0
TGC dose overdose=1,standard dose=0
Drug combination ≥3 medications=1,<3 medications=0
), ArticleFig(id=1194372433701470721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of TGC-induced DILI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Variable β SE Wald OR 95%CI P
Female 0.923 0.315 8.596 2.536 1.485~4.236 0.005
Age≥60 years old 0.985 0.336 8.968 2.668 1.487~4.815 <0.001
APACHEⅡ score≥21 scores 1.078 0.302 12.885 2.994 1.652~5.231 <0.001
TGC course≥14 d 1.385 0.382 12.987 4.002 1.926~7.758 <0.001
TGC dose 1.152 0.258 19.937 3.165 1.103~5.226 <0.001
Drug combination≥3 medications 1.232 0.401 9.396 3.447 1.628~7.112 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1194372433772773890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1194344007640772709, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

TGC致DILI的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Variable β SE Wald OR 95%CI P
Female 0.923 0.315 8.596 2.536 1.485~4.236 0.005
Age≥60 years old 0.985 0.336 8.968 2.668 1.487~4.815 <0.001
APACHEⅡ score≥21 scores 1.078 0.302 12.885 2.994 1.652~5.231 <0.001
TGC course≥14 d 1.385 0.382 12.987 4.002 1.926~7.758 <0.001
TGC dose 1.152 0.258 19.937 3.165 1.103~5.226 <0.001
Drug combination≥3 medications 1.232 0.401 9.396 3.447 1.628~7.112 <0.001
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替加环素致药物性肝损伤风险预测模型构建及验证
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孙雅 1 , 王旭 2 , 孙志 1 , 周玉冰 1
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(10): 1057-1063
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(10): 1057-1063
替加环素致药物性肝损伤风险预测模型构建及验证
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孙雅1, 王旭2, 孙志1, 周玉冰1
作者信息
  • 1 郑州大学第一附属医院药学部, 郑州 450052
  • 2 郑州大学第一附属医院病案管理科, 郑州 450052
  • 孙雅,女,硕士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药学抗感染

通讯作者:

*周玉冰,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药学感染 Tel:(0371)66293047
Development and Alidation of a Risk Prediction Model for Tigecycline-Induced Drug-Induced Liver Injury was Developed and Validated
Ya SUN1, Xu WANG2, Zhi SUN1, Yubing ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
  • 2 Department of Medical Records Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
出版时间: 2025-05-01 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.10.008
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目的 构建替加环素(tigecycline,TGC)致药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury,DILI)的Lasso-logistic回归预测模型,便于风险患者的早期识别和管理。方法 对2023年1月至2024年3月在郑州大学第一附属医院重症监护病房(ICU)接受TGC治疗的242例住院患者进行回顾性分析。收集患者的人口统计学资料、既往病史、入院情况及治疗因素,通过Lasso-logistic回归模型分析TGC致DILI的影响因素,根据影响因素构建TGC致DILI的可视化列线图预测模型,并对模型预测效能进行验证。结果 242例患者中DILI患者78例(DILI组),无DILI患者164例(无DILI组)。DILI组中女性、年龄≥60岁、饮酒、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ,APACHEⅡ)评分≥21分、TGC疗程≥14 d、TGC超剂量、合并用药≥3种的患者占比高于无DILI组(P<0.05)。Lasso回归筛选出6个关键预测因子:性别、年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、TGC疗程、TGC剂量、合并用药。Logistic回归分析显示,女性、年龄≥60岁、APACHE Ⅱ评分≥21分、TGC疗程≥14 d、TGC超剂量、合并用药≥3种是TGC致DILI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。预测模型的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.870(95%CI:0.795~0.952);校准曲线显示,模型预测值与实际观测值之间的平均绝对误差为0.025,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验χ2=7.138,P=0.525;决策曲线显示,在10%~95%阈值区间内,患者能够获得显著临床净获益。结论 性别、年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、TGC疗程、TGC超剂量及合并用药为ICU患者TGC致DILI风险的关键预测因子,据此构建的预测模型临床价值良好。

替加环素  /  药物性肝损伤  /  Lasso-logistic回归  /  影响因素  /  预测模型  /  列线图

OBJECTIVE To establish a predictive model for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) of tigecycline (TGC) to enable early recognition and management of high-risk patients. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on intensive care unit inpatients receiving TGC treatment at the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university between January 2023 and March 2024. Demographics, medical history, admission characteristics, and treatment data were collected. Lasso-logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for TGC-induced DILI. A nomogram was constructed based on these factors, and its predictive performance was assessed. RESULTS A total of 242 patients were enrolled, including 78 in the DILI group and 164 in the non-DILI group. The DILI group had higher proportions of females, age ≥60 years, alcohol consumption, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) scores ≥21, TGC treatment durations ≥14 d, TGC overdosing, and concomitant use of ≥3 d compared with the non-DILI group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that female, age≥60 years, APACHE Ⅱ score ≥21, TGC treatment duration ≥14 d, TGC overdosing, and concomitant use of≥3 medications were independent risk factors for TGC-induced DILI (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.870 (95%CI: 0.795-0.952). Calibration curve analysis suggested good agreement between model predictions and observations, and the decision curve showed that the patients could obtain clinical benefit within the threshold range of 10%-95%. CONCLUSION Gender, age, APACHE Ⅱ score, TGC duration, TGC overdose and concomitant medication are risk factors of TGC-induced DILI, and the nomogram based on these variables has good clinical performance.

tegacycline  /  drug-induced liver injury  /  Lasso-logistic regression  /  influencing factor  /  prediction model  /  nomogram
孙雅, 王旭, 孙志, 周玉冰. 替加环素致药物性肝损伤风险预测模型构建及验证. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (10) : 1057 -1063 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.10.008
Ya SUN, Xu WANG, Zhi SUN, Yubing ZHOU. Development and Alidation of a Risk Prediction Model for Tigecycline-Induced Drug-Induced Liver Injury was Developed and Validated[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (10) : 1057 -1063 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.10.008
替加环素(tigecycline,TGC)是一种新型的广谱抗菌制剂,其化学结构虽与四环素类有所相似,通过D环上创新的甘氨酰环基团引入,创造出独特的空间位阻机制,从而克服细菌的外排机制及核糖体耐药基因,显著降低细菌耐药性的发生概率[1-2]。在临床中TGC已成为治疗软组织感染、腹腔感染、复杂皮肤感染以及泛耐药革兰阴性杆菌所致肺部感染的重要选择,其抗菌谱广泛覆盖革兰阳性与阴性需氧菌、非典型病原体及厌氧菌,疗效显著,在应对医院获得性肺炎、烧伤继发感染及肿瘤引发的重症感染时,亦展现出卓越的临床价值[3-5]。随着TGC临床应用的日益广泛,特别是超说明书使用的趋势加剧,其治疗过程中的安全性与有效性问题正逐渐成为临床关注的焦点。近期,一项针对四环素类药物诱导药物性肝损伤(drug-induced liver injury,DILI)的案例报告显示,TGC与DILI之间存在显著关联,在所有引发DILI的四环素类药物中,TGC相关病例占据20.1%,位列第三,凸显其在该类药物中的特定风险地位[6]。目前,关于TGC导致DILI的临床报告多限于个案记录,缺乏系统性的综合分析及对危险因素的深入探讨。为有效降低TGC引发DILI的风险,本研究采取回顾性方法,分析接受TGC治疗的住院患者数据,通过Lasso-logistic回归模型分析全面筛查与DILI相关的风险因素,并据此构建风险预测模型,旨在精准识别出DILI的高危患者群体,为临床提供个性化的用药指导策略,确保用药安全。
本研究已通过郑州大学第一附属医院医学伦理委员会批准,伦理批件号:2023-KY-0922-002。研究样本来源于2023年1月至2024年3月在郑州大学第一附属医院重症监护病房(ICU)接受TGC治疗的242例住院患者。
按照观察性研究估计总体率所需样本量的计算公式1如下:
n=(Zα/2)2×P×(1-P)/δ2
其中α=0.05,Zα/2=1.96;P为总体率,由于缺少TGC致DILI的具体发病率数据,故设P=0.5;容许误差δ一般取10%。考虑可能存在20%的脱落率,故本研究所需样本量最少为1.96×1.96×0.5×(1-0.5)/(0.1×0.1)×(1+20%)=115例,本研究实际纳入242例。其中男109例,女133例;年龄44~90岁,平均年龄(66.50±20.50)岁。纳入标准:①存在明确的TGC用药史,并伴随有与该药物特性相一致的潜伏期表现(自患者开始服用TGC起,至临床上出现相关症状或首次在实验室检查中发现异常结果之间的时间间隔);②服用TGC前肝功能指标均正常;③临床资料完整可查。排除标准:①合并急性病毒性肝炎、乙醇性肝病、自身免疫性肝病等肝脏基础疾病;②既往行肝脏移植、骨髓移植;③既往有本研究药物过敏史;④妊娠或哺乳期。
药师依据Roussel Uclaf因果关系评估量表(the roussel uclaf causality assessment method,RUCAM)标准化流程[7],对纳入研究的每例病例进行分析,分析维度包括发病时间、停药后的生化指标动态变化、潜在风险因素(如饮酒史、患者年龄)、合并用药情况、既往药物导致的肝损伤记录、其他潜在病因的排除以及再用药反应。依据RUCAM评分体系,≥8分表示极可能由TGC引发肝损伤;6~8分则为很可能;3~5分判定为可能;1~2分表示不太可能;而≤0分则排除TGC作为肝损伤原因的可能性。综合评估后,得分≥3分的情况被认定为TGC导致的肝损伤。242例患者中RUCAM评分≥3分的患者共78例(其中3~5分患者共50例,6~8分患者共28例),纳入DILI组,其余164例患者(≤0分患者142例,1~2分患者22例)纳入无DILI组。
在应用TCG前,确认患者肝功能处于正常范围。若治疗期间出现丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)水平升高至正常值上限(upper limit of normal,ULN)的3倍或以上,或碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)水平达到ULN的2倍及以上,则视为达到特定的药物不良反应判定标准[8]
DILI的分型及其严重程度的评估,严格依据《中国药物性肝损伤诊治指南(2023年版)》[8]确立的标准进行界定。具体分型及判断依据如下:肝细胞损伤型:当ALT实测值达到ULN的3倍或以上,且比值R[(ALT实测值/ULN)/(ALP实测值/ULN)]≥5时,判定为肝细胞损伤型;胆汁淤积型:ALP实测值超过ULN的2倍,且R值≤2;混合型:ALT与ALP同时升高,分别达到ULN的3倍和2倍以上,且R值介于2~5。关于肝损伤的严重程度分级,共分为0~5级:0级(无肝损伤):患者表现出对药物暴露的良好耐受性,未出现任何肝脏毒性的不良反应;1级(轻度肝损伤):表现为血清ALT和/或ALP的可逆性升高,总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)低于2.5倍ULN,且国际标准化比值(international standardized ratio,INR)小于1.5,通常无需特殊干预;2级(中度肝损伤):血清ALT和/或ALP显著升高,TBIL高于2.5倍ULN,或虽TBIL正常但INR≥1.5,提示症状可能有所加剧,需密切观察;3级(重度肝损伤):血清ALT和/或ALP持续升高,TBIL达到或超过5倍ULN,可能伴随INR≥1.5,患者病情明显恶化,需立即住院治疗或延长住院时间以控制病情。
通过医院电子病历系统查阅患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒史、入院急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分、基础疾病(高血压、糖尿病)、感染部位、病原菌、TGC疗程、TGC剂量(超剂量:首剂量200 mg,维持剂量100 mg,q12h;标准剂量:首剂量100 mg,维持剂量50 mg,q12h。超剂量给药是指给予超出说明书推荐剂量1倍的给药剂量。依据《临床常用四环素类药物合理应用多学科专家共识》[9]中TGC的剂量推荐,对于严重感染及多重耐药菌肺部感染患者,临床推荐使用大剂量TGC方案,初始剂量200 mg,随后100 mg静脉滴注,q12h)、合并用药(碳青霉烯类抗菌药物为多黏菌素B、头孢他啶阿维巴坦、头孢哌酮舒巴坦等抗菌药物;血管活性药物去甲肾上腺素;镇静药物右美托咪定;祛痰药物氨溴索、乙酰半胱氨酸;利尿剂呋塞米;对症支持治疗药物为蛋白、多元维生素、电解质等)、白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。分类变量以[n(%)]表示,组间比较采用χ2或Fisher确切概率法;等级变量组间比较采用秩和检验。连续变量若服从正态分布,以($\stackrel{-}{x}$±s)描述,组间比较采用t检验。采用R4.2.1软件进行Lasso-logistic回归分析,基于Lasso回归得到可用于模型拟合的变量并应用Forward LR法构建Lasso-logistic回归模型。根据logistic回归模型的结果,进行系数转化和赋分后,生成列线图。并应用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估模型区分力,校准曲线验证预测一致性,并通过决策曲线分析净获益。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
DILI组女性、年龄≥60岁、饮酒、APACHEⅡ评分≥21分、TGC疗程≥14 d、TGC超剂量、合并用药≥3种的患者占比高于无DILI组(P<0.05);其余指标两组比较无差异(P>0.05),见表1
以TGC致DILI为因变量,将表1中差异有统计学意义指标:性别、年龄、饮酒、APACHE Ⅱ评分、TGC疗程、TGC剂量、合并用药作为自变量(共7个),根据表2的赋值准则,使用Lasso回归进行变量筛选,在设定惩罚系数λ为0.051的条件下,最终筛选出5个关键预测因子:性别、年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、TGC疗程、合并用药,见图1。Logistic回归分析显示,女性、年龄≥60岁、APACHE Ⅱ评分≥31分、TGC疗程≥14 d、TGC超剂量、合并用药≥3种是TGC致DILI的独立危险因素(P<0.05),见表3
基于Lasso-logistic回归分析筛选出的6个关键预测变量(性别、年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、TGC疗程、TGC剂量、合并用药)构建TGC致DILI的Lasso-logistic回归预测模型,并以列线图的形式直观展示,见图2
利用Bootstrap方法进行模型的内部验证,ROC曲线显示,该预测模型的ROC曲线下面积AUC达到0.870(95%CI:0.795~0.952),表明其具备高水平的鉴别能力,见图3。校准曲线显示,模型预测值与实际观测值之间的平均绝对误差为0.025,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验χ2=7.138,P=0.525,说明模型具有高度的预测准确性与一致性,见图4。决策曲线显示,在10%~95%,患者能够从中获得显著的临床净收益,为临床决策提供有力支持,见图5
本研究结果显示,242例患者中TGC致DILI患者共78例,DILI发生率为32.23%,高于相关报道的20.1%[6]。可能是因为本研究纳入样本量有限,且患者均来源于ICU,病情较重,因此所得结论可能存在一定的统计误差或偏差,需考虑后续大样本、多中心验证的必要性。
本研究显示女性是TGC致DILI的危险因素之一。研究[10]表明,女性面临更高的DILI风险,这可能与女性体内TGC的清除速率显著低于男性(分别为15.7与18.9 L·h-1)有关,进而造成TGC在女性体内累积更为显著。但另有研究显示[11],在DILI的发病率上,并未表现出性别间的明显差异。
据此,关于性别是否为TGC引发DILI的潜在风险因素,其确切性尚需更为深入地探究与验证。本研究中,年龄≥60岁是TGC致DILI的危险因素之一。老年患者(年龄≥60岁)占比高达70.42%,表明TGC的使用群体以老年人为主,与既往研究一致[12]。老年群体的肝脏结构与功能显著变化,具体表现为质量减少、血流量减少、肝细胞数量缩减以及肝药酶活性下降,这些变化共同削弱了肝脏的解毒效能,进而减缓药物在体内的代谢速率,药物及其代谢产物在肝脏内的驻留时间延长,加剧其对肝脏的潜在毒性影响;同时,老年人肾脏功能亦呈现下降趋势,肾血流量减少和肾小球滤过效能降低,进而阻碍药物的排泄过程,促使药物在体内积累时间增长,进一步加剧肝脏毒性[13]。本研究中APACHEⅡ评分≥21分是TGC致DILI的危险因素之一。研究证实,DILI发生风险与患者疾病严重程度存在显著正相关性[14]。Yu等[11]研究指出,入住ICU并接受机械通气支持的患者相较于其他患者,其发生DILI的风险呈现出更高的趋势。在临床实践中,APACHE Ⅱ评分系统是衡量疾病严重程度的重要标尺。研究表明,随着APACHE Ⅱ评分的升高,ICU内患者面临的DILI风险也相应增加[15]。简言之,高APACHE Ⅱ评分是ICU患者DILI风险升高的有力预警信号。
本研究中TGC疗程≥14 d是TGC致DILI的危险因素之一。既往文献中,Chen等[16]报告TGC诱发的DILI平均在(10.28±6.25)d内出现,并提出此不良反应可能与较长的治疗周期密切相关。Shi等[14]首次明确指出,超过14 d的延长疗程是TGC致DILI的独立风险因素(OR=1.208,95%CI:1.106~1.319)。但Jiang等[17]研究显示,TGC治疗时间>8 d(OR=1.094,95%CI:1.032~1.160)与DILI显著相关。总之,对于长期接受TGC治疗的患者,应高度警惕DILI的发生,并持续评估治疗效果与安全性,以规避不必要的长期用药风险。本研究显示,TGC超剂量是TGC致DILI的危险因素之一。但目前关于大剂量TGC对肝功能的潜在影响,医学界尚存争议,未达成一致性结论。有研究表明,相较于标准剂量,大剂量TGC的应用可能加剧不良反应的风险[18-19]。但也有部分荟萃分析及小规模回顾性研究则表明,两种剂量方案在肝功能损害方面并未展现出显著差异[11,20]。在一项小型前瞻性研究[10]中,研究者观察到TGC的谷浓度与肝毒性之间存在独立的相关性。另有一项专注于多重耐药菌感染重症患者的TGC药动学/药效学研究[18]揭示,发生肝胆损伤的患者,其TGC游离血药浓度-时间曲线下面积相较于对照组显著升高,单因素分析结果进一步指出,大剂量TGC的使用以及较高的游离血药浓度-时间曲线下面积/最小抑菌浓度比值与肝胆损伤的发生具有关联性。但也有研究显示,与常规剂量相比,TGC的超剂量使用并未显著提升不良反应的发生率[21-22]。截至目前,关于TGC超说明书用药方案的有效性与安全性的高质量医学研究文献仍然匮乏,有待进一步探究。本研究显示,合并用药≥3种是TGC致DILI的危险因素之一。在临床治疗复杂疾病的过程中,多种药物制剂的联合应用已成为常态,但这种合并用药策略显著增加了DILI风险,根源之一在于单一药物效应的累积叠加,而更深层次的原因则是药物间错综复杂的相互作用[23-24]。因此,在采用合并用药策略时,需深入考量每种药物的肝毒性潜力及其相互间可能产生的动态变化,以确保治疗安全并优化DILI的识别与管理。
本研究通过Lasso-logistic回归分析,筛选出最优预测因子集:女性、年龄≥60岁、APACHEⅡ评分≥21分、TGC疗程≥14 d、TGC超剂量、合并用药≥3种。基于此构建的列线图模型AUC值高达0.870,校准曲线显示预测值与实测值之间极低的平均绝对误差(0.025),验证了模型在预测TGC致DILI方面的高度准确性和与临床实际的高度一致性。决策曲线分析显示,在10%~95%的阈值范围内,该模型能为患者群体带来显著的临床净获益,为临床决策提供坚实可靠的依据。
综上所述,性别、年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、TGC疗程、TGC超剂量以及合并用药情况与ICU患者发生TGC致DILI风险紧密相关。基于上述关键因素,本研究构建了TGC致DILI的Lasso-logistic回归列线图预测模型,该模型为临床医生预测ICU患者发生TGC致DILI提供了可靠且实用的参考工具。本研究局限包括:回顾性设计影响数据全面性、单中心小样本量限制结果普适性及变量筛选中存选择性偏倚。未来应多中心扩大样本,纳入更多变量,以优化TGC致DILI预测模型。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目资助(82374018)
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2025年第60卷第10期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.10.008
  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2025-11-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
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国家自然科学基金项目资助(82374018)
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    1 郑州大学第一附属医院药学部, 郑州 450052
    2 郑州大学第一附属医院病案管理科, 郑州 450052

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*周玉冰,男,博士,副主任药师 研究方向:临床药学感染 Tel:(0371)66293047
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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