Article(id=1193877804669436354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193877800143777917, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)02-0201-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.02.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709136000000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762572249810, onlineDateStr=2025-11-08, pubDate=1737475200000, pubDateStr=2025-01-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762572249810, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-08, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762572249810, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762572249810, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193877800143777917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='2', pageStart='109', pageEnd='206', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762572248731, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762584852274, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193930663289123481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193877800143777917, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193930663289123482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193877800143777917, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=201, endPage=206, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193877804845597127, articleId=1193877804669436354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Review and Approval of Innovative Drugs in China: An Industrial Perspective, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To identify the factors affecting the efficiency of the review and approval process of innovative drugs based on the industrial perspective to provide reference for further strengthening the capacity building and accelerating the review and approval of the marketing of innovative drugs. METHODS Using the grounded theory, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 experts in the field of drug registration from March to May 2023, and Nvivo node coding was used as a traction to construct a model of factors influencing the efficiency of China's innovative drug marketing review and approval. RESULTS We have extracted 14 initial concepts, six initial areas and three main areas, i.e., “review and approval of institutional and team building”“accelerated assessment and approval policies” and “drug technological guidance system”. CONCLUSION The efficiency of review and approval of the marketing of innovative drugs in China is constrained by a variety of factors, and under the industrial perspective, accelerated assessment and approval policies, review and approval team building, and drug technological guidance system still need to be improved and optimized especially.

, correspAuthors=Rong JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xinyue LI, Jingwen HE, Yi WU, Ruichen MAO, Rong JIANG, Rong SHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193878018469888997, articleId=1193877804669436354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=产业视角下中国创新药上市审评审批效率影响因素研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 基于产业视角,识别创新药在审评审批环节效率影响因素,为进一步加强能力建设、加快创新药上市审评审批提供借鉴和参考。方法 运用扎根理论,针对15名具有药品注册工作经验的专家开展半结构式访谈,以Nvivo 三级节点编码为牵引,构建中国创新药上市审评审批效率影响因素模型。结果 提炼出14个初始化概念、6个初始范畴及“审评审批机构及队伍建设” “药品上市加速机制” “药品技术指导原则体系”3个主范畴。结论 创新药中国上市审评审批效率受多种因素的制约,产业视角下,药品上市加速机制、审评审批队伍建设、药品审评技术指导原则体系仍有待重点完善与优化。

, correspAuthors=蒋蓉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*蒋蓉,女,博士,副教授 研究方向:医药政策与法规、药事管理、药品监管 Tel:(025)86185193
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李鑫悦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:医药政策与法规

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李鑫悦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:医药政策与法规

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李鑫悦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:医药政策与法规

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Guidelines database, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193928972686815504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193877804669436354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.cde.org.cn/ichWeb/guideIch/toGuideIch/5/1, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION, NMPA. Summary of the implementation of the ICH Guidelines[EB/OL]. [2023-12-17]. https://www.cde.org.cn/ichWeb/guideIch/toGuideIch/5/1., articleTitle=CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION, NMPA. 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Chin Bull Life Sci (生命科学), 2023,35(1):80-87.DOI:10.13376/j.cbls/2023012., articleTitle=Analysis of research and development status of new drugs in 2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193928972808450322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193877804669436354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=24, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=LIAO X W, YAO C, ZHANG J, journalName=China Food Drug Adm Mag(中国食品药品监管), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIAO X W, YAO C, ZHANG J, et al. Application of real world data and evidence for clinical decision-making in China[J]. China Food Drug Adm Mag(中国食品药品监管), 2023(10):24-35. 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指标 选项 频数 百分比/%
性别 7 47
8 53
制药行业工作年限 5年以下 2 13
5~15年 9 60
15年及以上 4 27
工作职务 注册专员 4 27
注册经理 5 33
注册总监 6 40
企业性质 民营企业 5 33
外资独资企业 9 60
中外合资企业 1 7
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访谈在工作领域中具有不同背景的15位专家样本统计数据

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指标 选项 频数 百分比/%
性别 7 47
8 53
制药行业工作年限 5年以下 2 13
5~15年 9 60
15年及以上 4 27
工作职务 注册专员 4 27
注册经理 5 33
注册总监 6 40
企业性质 民营企业 5 33
外资独资企业 9 60
中外合资企业 1 7
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范畴 初始概念 代表性语句
a1监管机构职能设置 ①监管部门职能设置有待完善 在组织架构方面,药审中心缺乏从事前瞻性审评和技术研究的专门部门
a2审评员能力建设 ①审评员数量与审评需求匹配度 总体而言,药审中心在内部审评员的数量和储备方面与美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)存在较大差距;近年来,随着申报任务量的增加,审评员的工作压力也随之增大
②审评能力与监管需求匹配度 在审评过程中,审评员经验的不足和资质的参差不齐可能对审评的标准和时限产生显著影响
a3指导原则制定与发布 ①技术指导原则制定缺乏计划性 我国在发布技术指导原则的相应计划方面较为罕见,建议制定此类计划,以便行业能够了解政策的重点和关注点
②制定工作尚未紧扣产业需求 当前,指南的发布是基于年度任务量,而非基于行业实际需求或通过指南来加强沟通工作
a4技术指导原则内容 ①与国际标准的衔接有待加强 在具体的技术指南要求上,我国与欧美日存在差异,若能加速技术指南的实施并与欧美同步,将有助于实现同步申报
②内容创新性与引导性有待提高 欧美的技术指导原则更具创新性,例如新的监管工具、临床研究终点和临床试验设计等,这可能促使企业更愿意与创新性的监管机构合作开发项目
③技术指导原则内容待细化 药品审评中心应继续发布技术性指导原则,并加强技术指导
a5药品加快上市注册程序 ①滚动资料递交机制不清晰 在滚动资料递交机制中,数据的更新时间节点、更新内容及补充方式可能不够明确
②缺少针对创新药审评的灵活机制 美国拥有更多的创新药物加速审评路径,例如实时肿瘤学审评(RTOR),在审批期间的滚动递交较为灵活,而我国可能缺乏类似的灵活机制
③优先审评品种在受理大厅仍须按常规药品排队 药品审评中心在技术审评过程中对优先审评有130个工作日的要求,但受理大厅并未实施优先审批
a6沟通交流机制 ①沟通交流质量 在沟通交流中,药品审评中心对相关问题的答复往往不够明确、意见不完整、指导不清晰,给企业带来一定的困惑
②沟通交流方式 过去几年中,药品审评中心举办的培训受到欢迎,显示出企业对此类指导的迫切需求,以便在研发过程中进行实践
③沟通效率和时限 规定沟通交流Ⅱ类会议应在60个工作日内、Ⅲ类会议应在75个工作日内召开,但实际上存在超时的情况
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主轴编码阶段整合开放式编码结果得到6个范畴

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范畴 初始概念 代表性语句
a1监管机构职能设置 ①监管部门职能设置有待完善 在组织架构方面,药审中心缺乏从事前瞻性审评和技术研究的专门部门
a2审评员能力建设 ①审评员数量与审评需求匹配度 总体而言,药审中心在内部审评员的数量和储备方面与美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)存在较大差距;近年来,随着申报任务量的增加,审评员的工作压力也随之增大
②审评能力与监管需求匹配度 在审评过程中,审评员经验的不足和资质的参差不齐可能对审评的标准和时限产生显著影响
a3指导原则制定与发布 ①技术指导原则制定缺乏计划性 我国在发布技术指导原则的相应计划方面较为罕见,建议制定此类计划,以便行业能够了解政策的重点和关注点
②制定工作尚未紧扣产业需求 当前,指南的发布是基于年度任务量,而非基于行业实际需求或通过指南来加强沟通工作
a4技术指导原则内容 ①与国际标准的衔接有待加强 在具体的技术指南要求上,我国与欧美日存在差异,若能加速技术指南的实施并与欧美同步,将有助于实现同步申报
②内容创新性与引导性有待提高 欧美的技术指导原则更具创新性,例如新的监管工具、临床研究终点和临床试验设计等,这可能促使企业更愿意与创新性的监管机构合作开发项目
③技术指导原则内容待细化 药品审评中心应继续发布技术性指导原则,并加强技术指导
a5药品加快上市注册程序 ①滚动资料递交机制不清晰 在滚动资料递交机制中,数据的更新时间节点、更新内容及补充方式可能不够明确
②缺少针对创新药审评的灵活机制 美国拥有更多的创新药物加速审评路径,例如实时肿瘤学审评(RTOR),在审批期间的滚动递交较为灵活,而我国可能缺乏类似的灵活机制
③优先审评品种在受理大厅仍须按常规药品排队 药品审评中心在技术审评过程中对优先审评有130个工作日的要求,但受理大厅并未实施优先审批
a6沟通交流机制 ①沟通交流质量 在沟通交流中,药品审评中心对相关问题的答复往往不够明确、意见不完整、指导不清晰,给企业带来一定的困惑
②沟通交流方式 过去几年中,药品审评中心举办的培训受到欢迎,显示出企业对此类指导的迫切需求,以便在研发过程中进行实践
③沟通效率和时限 规定沟通交流Ⅱ类会议应在60个工作日内、Ⅲ类会议应在75个工作日内召开,但实际上存在超时的情况
), ArticleFig(id=1193928970082152699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193877804669436354, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主范畴 范畴 支持人数/人 被提及次数/次
A1审评审批机 a1监管机构职能设置 7 12
构及队伍建设 a2审评员能力建设 13 38
A2药品技术指 a3指导原则制定与发布 3 5
导原则体系 a4技术指导原则内容 7 11
A3药品上市加 a5药品加快上市注册程序 4 9
速机制 a6沟通交流机制 14 70
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选择式编码阶段整合主轴编码结果得到3个主范畴

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主范畴 范畴 支持人数/人 被提及次数/次
A1审评审批机 a1监管机构职能设置 7 12
构及队伍建设 a2审评员能力建设 13 38
A2药品技术指 a3指导原则制定与发布 3 5
导原则体系 a4技术指导原则内容 7 11
A3药品上市加 a5药品加快上市注册程序 4 9
速机制 a6沟通交流机制 14 70
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产业视角下中国创新药上市审评审批效率影响因素研究
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李鑫悦 1, 2 , 何静雯 1, 2 , 吴艺 1, 2 , 毛睿晨 1, 2 , 蒋蓉 1, 2, * , 邵蓉 1, 2
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(2): 201-206
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(2): 201-206
产业视角下中国创新药上市审评审批效率影响因素研究
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李鑫悦1, 2, 何静雯1, 2, 吴艺1, 2, 毛睿晨1, 2, 蒋蓉1, 2, *, 邵蓉1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国药科大学药品监管科学研究院, 南京 211198
  • 2 国家药品监督管理局药品监管创新与评价重点实验室, 南京 211198
  • 李鑫悦,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:医药政策与法规

通讯作者:

*蒋蓉,女,博士,副教授 研究方向:医药政策与法规、药事管理、药品监管 Tel:(025)86185193
Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Review and Approval of Innovative Drugs in China: An Industrial Perspective
Xinyue LI1, 2, Jingwen HE1, 2, Yi WU1, 2, Ruichen MAO1, 2, Rong JIANG1, 2, *, Rong SHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Regulatory Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
  • 2 NMPA Key Laboratory for Drug Regulatory Innovation and Evaluation, Nanjing 211198, China
出版时间: 2025-01-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.02.014
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目的 基于产业视角,识别创新药在审评审批环节效率影响因素,为进一步加强能力建设、加快创新药上市审评审批提供借鉴和参考。方法 运用扎根理论,针对15名具有药品注册工作经验的专家开展半结构式访谈,以Nvivo 三级节点编码为牵引,构建中国创新药上市审评审批效率影响因素模型。结果 提炼出14个初始化概念、6个初始范畴及“审评审批机构及队伍建设” “药品上市加速机制” “药品技术指导原则体系”3个主范畴。结论 创新药中国上市审评审批效率受多种因素的制约,产业视角下,药品上市加速机制、审评审批队伍建设、药品审评技术指导原则体系仍有待重点完善与优化。

创新药  /  审评  /  审批  /  扎根理论  /  影响因素  /  NVivo

OBJECTIVE To identify the factors affecting the efficiency of the review and approval process of innovative drugs based on the industrial perspective to provide reference for further strengthening the capacity building and accelerating the review and approval of the marketing of innovative drugs. METHODS Using the grounded theory, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 experts in the field of drug registration from March to May 2023, and Nvivo node coding was used as a traction to construct a model of factors influencing the efficiency of China's innovative drug marketing review and approval. RESULTS We have extracted 14 initial concepts, six initial areas and three main areas, i.e., “review and approval of institutional and team building”“accelerated assessment and approval policies” and “drug technological guidance system”. CONCLUSION The efficiency of review and approval of the marketing of innovative drugs in China is constrained by a variety of factors, and under the industrial perspective, accelerated assessment and approval policies, review and approval team building, and drug technological guidance system still need to be improved and optimized especially.

innovative drug  /  review  /  approval  /  grounded theory  /  influencing factor  /  NVivo
李鑫悦, 何静雯, 吴艺, 毛睿晨, 蒋蓉, 邵蓉. 产业视角下中国创新药上市审评审批效率影响因素研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (2) : 201 -206 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.02.014
Xinyue LI, Jingwen HE, Yi WU, Ruichen MAO, Rong JIANG, Rong SHAO. Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Review and Approval of Innovative Drugs in China: An Industrial Perspective[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (2) : 201 -206 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.02.014
创新是引领发展的第一动力,党的二十大报告强调“坚持创新在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位”。随着药品审评审批制度改革不断推进,我国药品上市申请审批时长由2014年的平均26个月缩短至2021年的6个月左右[1],药品审评效率明显提升,医药产业创新水平显著增强[2]。2018—2024年,我国累计147个创新药品种获批上市,其中2023年获批40个,进入快速增长期。
在制度不断优化的过程中,由于许多新政策仍处于交替过渡阶段,我国审评审批工作仍存在一些不足与挑战。Dang等[3]整理并汇总了2019—2021年通过优先审评和药品加快上市注册程序上市的药品数据资料,指出我国药品加快上市注册程序方面存在原则性政策的具体操作文件缺乏、审评员在临床急需用药上市注册中主导作用发挥不充分等问题;Lin等[4]结合工作实际,提出针对罕见病、放射性药品等特殊品种的注册检验规定有待细化,补充申请的注册检验要求有待明确。Xu等[5]以皮肤科药物创新为例,梳理国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心(药审中心)接收的各类沟通交流申请情况、临床研发相关咨询问题,发现沟通交流制度方面仍存在资料质量参差不齐、交流问题不够聚焦等问题。然而,现有研究主要是集中剖析药品审评审批某一流程的现状与问题,少有研究主要是以企业为关注对象来分析影响创新药审评审批过程因素。
为进一步启发药品监管部门审评审批制度改革工作,推动创新药在中国上市,让更多创新成果更快、更好地惠及患者,本研究从制药企业的观点与态度出发,深入研究、识别中国创新药上市审评审批效率影响因素,并提出相关建议及措施。
扎根理论由美国社会学家Glaser 和Strauss提出,是一种探索性的定性研究方法[6],旨在系统性地获得与分析资料,以发现或构建理论[7]。NVivo工具可以提高质性分析和归纳总结的精准度和效率,从细节着手,直接由原始节点进行编码、合并和分组,从而实现扎根理论[8]。目前,扎根理论与NVivo 软件的结合在影响因素研究中已展现了较好的应用[9-10]
本研究采用扎根理论的方法及质性分析软件NVivo11,对访谈所获得的资料进行编码整理,发现核心概念间的关系。以“扎根”结果为参考,识别中国创新药在上市过程中的审评审批环节效率影响因素,构建模型并深入分析。
研究者依据研究的问题和目标,结合相关文献等资料,制定了包含8个关键问题的半结构式访谈大纲。为了确保访谈大纲的可靠性和有效性,在正式启动访谈前,研究团队进行了预测试。在正式开始访谈前,研究者提前预约访谈对象并发送访谈提纲,以便访谈对象有足够的时间准备并深入理解即将讨论的主题。
本研究共邀请15名具有药品注册工作经验且熟知药品审评审批制度的专家,对其进行访谈,全过程录音,累计735 min,经过语音转换后形成文字材料14万余字访谈材料。将访谈材料整理为Word文本文件,在Nvivo11中阅读比较。基于扎根理论,挖掘中国创新药上市过程审评审批效率影响因素,对数据进行抽化,进行三级编码,即开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码,最后进行饱和度检验。为了确保编码的一致性,研究者对访谈资料的编码进行复核[11],并对2次编码中存在异议的节点组织讨论,最终选择与本次研究主题最为贴近的节点。
为保证样本信效度,本研究选取在注重创新药研发企业从事药品注册工作,至少负责或参与一种创新药在中国上市,并在行业内具有一定影响力的专家进行访谈。当访谈进行到第13位专家时,发现新的样本不再产生新的概念与范畴,已有理论模型完全涵盖新样本产生的数据。最后访谈2位专家,做理论饱和度检验,经开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码后,没有发现新的主范畴关系结构,主范畴内部也没有发现新的构成因子,因此可以判断达到理论饱和[12]
本研究共访谈15位专家,在工作领域中具有不同的背景,提供了全面的视角,具有较好的代表性。在性别方面,男女占比接近一致;在资历方面,多数访谈对象在制药领域的工作年限为5年以上,注册工作经历涵盖不同治疗领域创新药,拥有扎实的专业知识基础;企业性质方面,外资企业占比60%,与全球创新药仍以大型跨国制药企业为主体注册上市的现状相吻合,见表1
第一阶段开放式编码,研究者对文本资料进行逐字、逐行分析,使用手动编码,对创新药上市审评审批效率影响因素进行贴标签、概念化、范畴化,提炼出163个自由节点。经过反复对比、整合,将预编码的自由节点正式编码后,形成14个初始概念。
第二阶段主轴编码,研究者在开放式编码发现的自由节点中寻找关联,合并意义相同或相近的节点,将主题相近的范畴收敛为一类。最后将存在联系与交叉的不同概念进一步整合,最终确定6个范畴,见表2
第三阶段选择式编码,研究者在主轴编码的基础上,进一步确定核心范畴,形成更加系统的概念[13]。例如,监管机构需根据职能设置以明确队伍建设的目标与发展路径,而审评员作为执行审评任务的专业人员,其能力建设是监管效能的保障。二者共为药品审评审批制度和审评能力现代化建设的基础,影响创新药上市审评审批效率,因此将这2个范畴归纳入“审评审批机构及队伍建设”主范畴。以此类推,最终归纳形成了3个主范畴,见表3
中国创新药上市在审评审批环节受多种因素的制约。药品上市加速机制是促进创新药审评审批过程顺畅、缩短审评时间的助推剂。基于行业前沿需求、立足创新的药品技术指导原则体系是创新药审评审批的技术支撑。审评审批机构及队伍建设是基本保障。
同时,这3个主范畴彼此之间互相影响。审评审批机构及队伍建设为药品技术指导原则的制定和上市加速机制的实施提供了人才保障。药品技术指导原则推动加速审评工作标准化、规范化,确保审评审批的科学性和一致性。上市加速机制则需要依据药品技术指导原则提供明确的标准与依据。这3个主范畴相互渗透、作用,共同影响创新药在中国上市的质量和效率。在此基础上,本研究构建了中国创新药上市审评审批效率影响因素模型(图1)。
沟通交流机制是药品监管部门与申请人之间解决药物研发或审评过程中发现的重要科学、关键技术等问题的重要途径[14],几乎所有受访者(93.33%,14/15)表示沟通交流机制在创新药加速上市过程中起到了不可或缺的作用。自2015年药品审评审批制度改革以来,药审中心建立了双向多渠道、多层次的药品审评审批沟通交流机制,接收和办理沟通交流会议申请的数量增长显著,一般性技术咨询累计接近两万件,电话咨询超过上万次[15]。但是,多位受访者表示沟通交流会议召开超过《药品研发与技术审评沟通交流办法》规定时限、药审中心回复意见笼统模糊的情况时有发生,一定程度上会延误或停滞审评过程。
药品加快上市注册程序以临床价值为导向注重药物创新,缩短药物研发时间,可以显著提高审评效率。2020年新《药品注册管理办法》对具有明显临床优势或临床价值的药品设立药品加快上市注册程序,包括突破性治疗药物、附条件批准、优先审评审批及特别审批。2023年,37.5%(15/40)创新药使用加快上市程序获得国家药监局批准[16]。访谈发现,虽然药审中心已在2023年发布的《药审中心加快创新药上市许可申请审评工作规范(试行)》中对早期介入、研审联动、滚动提交方面进行了规定,但仍缺乏关于滚动提交的具体程序规定,业界对提交流程、提交路径、格式内容等不甚了解,若通过沟通交流与药审中心确定如何滚动提交资料,则耗时较长,一定程度上影响滚动提交资料的加速作用。
审评审批机构及队伍的建设事关药品创新发展,是审评审批质量的重要保障。近年来,药审中心持续推进人才队伍建设,通过大规模招聘、增加人员编制等措施多渠道扩增审评力量,并通过积极制定行为规范实施细则、展开培训等方式提升审评员能力。
然而,当下业界对审评员仍存在任务繁重、肩负较大工作压力的共识,导致创新药审评审批排队现象较为普遍。另一方面,审评员缺少及时培训、经验不足,影响审评的尺度和时限的情况仍然存在,不利于监管能力整体提升及监管队伍长期建设[17]。同时,部分受访者表示药品审评检查长三角、大湾区分中心仅能在法规策略、流程等方面给予企业指导,在例如临床试验研究方案设计、终点指标选择等具体技术问题中给予的指导有限。
药品技术指导原则在药品研发和注册过程中发挥着重要作用。截至2023年12月31日,药审中心累计发布指导原则482个,涉及药学、临床等六个专业类别,覆盖新冠应急审评标准、儿童用药指导原则、中药民族药技术标准体系、抗肿瘤药物研发及生物类似药研发等[18]。人用药品技术要求国际协调理事会(The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, ICH)的63个指导原则中,我国已有59个(94%)公告明确实施时间点[19],国际化接轨程度逐步提高。
随着机器学习(machine learning, ML)和深度学习(deep learning, DL)等人工智能(AI)技术在药品研发中的应用不断深入[20],我国也在不断制定相关领域的指导原则。截至2023年12月31日,药审中心已在真实世界领域发布5项指导原则,在药物研发模型应用领域发布2项指导原则,对于相关研究和审评工作提供了一定的标准化流程和明确规范。
然而,药品技术指导原则的计划性、公开度以及与产业需求的契合度仍存在不足。一方面,我国药品技术指导原则的发布计划目前尚未公开,不利于行业了解政策重点与趋势,无法有效引导创新药研发企业紧跟研发趋势,进而影响创新药上市的战略布局。另一方面,我国在人工智能等前沿技术方面仍然缺少具体研究数据标准相关的技术指导原则,一定程度上会阻碍这些技术在创新药研发和审评过程中的应用[21]
尽管药品上市加速机制正在不断优化,在滚动提交资料的具体实施过程中仍面临一些问题与挑战。建议针对滚动提交制定细则文件,规范提交途径、材料内容、格式要求和批准流程等。药审中心可以对滚动提交资料的审查周期进行明确规定,尝试在接收滚动提交资料后组建专门的审评团队,负责从沟通交流到技术审评的全过程,以保持团队的稳定性,确保申报资料的质量和审评的效率。建议申请人考虑在滚动提交的资料中明确后续提交部分的预期时间表,并对前一轮审查的问题予以回复。
在沟通交流效率的提升方面,申请人可通过在沟通交流会议前做好充分准备工作的方式,明确目标和重点,确保沟通内容的聚焦性和针对性。同时,建议药审中心按照法规文件要求的时限召开会议或进行回复,设置会议资料接收时限、首次回复时限等详细时间节点,确保信息的流畅传递和问题的及时解决。
我国目前仍存在审评员不足和审评任务繁重的矛盾,建议进一步增加编制数量、聘用高水平审评人员以缓解审评员压力。可以通过制定审评员专业标准等相关政策持续强化审评员专业监管要求,通过完备培训计划建立审评员教育培训体系,通过完善激励机制促进审评员审评效率的提升。
地区分中心的成立壮大了我国审评审批队伍,充分发挥其职对于强化我国药品审评审批队伍建设至关重要。地区分中心可以在目前开设的沟通渠道基础上,通过调查问卷的方式收集企业重点关心的问题,进一步提供针对性的服务,帮助企业理解监管要求。在研发指导方面,建议地区分中心探索建立早期介入机制,在研发阶段给予企业帮助,加速药品上市进程。此外,分中心可以利用其地理优势,加强与国际监管机构的合作,促进信息共享和经验交流,帮助药品快速进入国际市场,满足全球患者的医疗需求。
与创新药研发需求相比,药品技术指导原则制定资源更为有限。因此,建议以业界需求为导向,集中资源完善技术指导原则体系。在此过程中,可以通过建立指导原则制定工作年度或季度计划,帮助监管机构规划工作重点和资源分配。同时,建议对相应计划及时公开,提高透明度,为企业提供清晰的监管预期。此外,建议持续监测药物研发领域中的前沿技术和治疗产品的研发进展与需求,可以针对人工智能在靶标发现、候选药物分子筛选、药动学预测、临床安全性药效预测等方面的应用,完善相关技术性指导原则的制定,为监管决策提供科学依据,进一步推动创新药研发与上市。
  • 2022年中国药品监督管理研究会课题资助(2022-Y-Y-008)
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2025年第60卷第2期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.02.014
  • 接收时间:2024-02-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-08
  • 出版时间:2025-01-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-29
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2022年中国药品监督管理研究会课题资助(2022-Y-Y-008)
作者信息
    1 中国药科大学药品监管科学研究院, 南京 211198
    2 国家药品监督管理局药品监管创新与评价重点实验室, 南京 211198

通讯作者:

*蒋蓉,女,博士,副教授 研究方向:医药政策与法规、药事管理、药品监管 Tel:(025)86185193
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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