Article(id=1193674745368506467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193674740352119804, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)06-0612-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723392000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762523836700, onlineDateStr=2025-11-07, pubDate=1742572800000, pubDateStr=2025-03-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762523836700, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762523836700, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762523836700, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193674740352119804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='553', pageEnd='662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762523835503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762524041683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193675605205025683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193674740352119804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193675605205025684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193674740352119804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=612, endPage=619, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193674746551300205, articleId=1193674745368506467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Toxokinetics Study of Rehmannia glutinosa Leaf Total Glycosides Capsules in Young Rats, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish an LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentration of acteoside(the main component of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules) in the plasma of young rats and investigate the exposure levels and toxicokinetic characteristics of acteoside following repeated oral gavage administration of different doses of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules. METHODS Plasma samples were processed using protein precipitation with methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1). Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm), with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1. The injection volume was 2 μL. Mass spectrometry detection was carried out using electrospray ionization in negative mode (ESI-1) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The ion transitions monitored were 623.1/160.9 for acteoside and 269.0/158.9 for genistein which served as the internal standard. The established LC-MS/MS method was applied to analyze the plasma concentrations of acteoside in young Wistar rats after the first and last administrations of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules during a toxicity study. Pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed and kinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the accurate determination of acteoside in rat plasma within a concentration range of 2-500 ng·mL-1. Young Wistar rats were repeatedly gavaged with suspensions of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules for 8 weeks at dose levels ranging from 30 to 750 mg·kg-1. No accumulation of acteoside exposure was observed within this dose range, and the exposure did not exhibit linear kinetics with increasing dose. CONCLUSION The developed LC-MS/MS method is applicable for measuring the concentration of acteoside from Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules in rat plasma and supports toxicokinetic studies in young rats.

, correspAuthors=Yanhua LIU, Ying LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao YE, Shuang ZHENG, Jianing ZHANG, Min YU, Shujia HUANG, Yu WANG, Hua XIAO, Yanhua LIU, Ying LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193674981595902162, articleId=1193674745368506467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=地黄叶总苷胶囊在幼龄大鼠体内毒代动力学研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立测定幼龄大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷(地黄叶总苷胶囊主要成分)浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱联用(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)检测方法,研究毛蕊花糖苷在幼龄Wistar大鼠重复灌胃给予不同剂量水平的地黄叶总苷胶囊后体内的暴露程度及毒代动力学特征。方法 血浆样品采用甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)进行蛋白沉淀处理,液相分离采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm),以含体积分数0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行,流速为0.5 mL·min-1,进样量为2 μL;质谱检测采用电喷雾负离子(ESI-)模式和多重反应监测(MRM)扫描方式,毛蕊花糖苷监测离子对623.1/160.9,染料木素监测离子对269.0/158.9,用作内标;通过建立的LC-MS/MS法分析测定地黄叶胶囊重复给药幼龄Wistar大鼠毒性试验首、末次后大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷的药物浓度,绘制药-时曲线并计算动力学参数。结果 建立了基于LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷含量的方法并进行了方法学验证,该方法可在2~500 ng·mL-1内准确测定毛蕊花糖苷含量。幼龄Wistar大鼠重复灌胃给予地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物混悬液8周,在30~750 mg·kg-1内,体内毛蕊花糖苷的暴露量无蓄积现象;体内暴露量与所给予的剂量不呈线性动力学特征趋势。结论 本研究应用LC-MS/MS技术建立的方法可用于大鼠血浆中地黄叶总苷胶囊中毛蕊花糖苷浓度的测定,并支持完成了地黄叶总苷胶囊在幼龄大鼠体内的毒代动力学研究。

, correspAuthors=刘艳华, 刘颖, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘颖,女,博士,研究员 研究方向:药动学 Tel:(010)67872233-8072;
刘艳华,男,学士,助理研究员 研究方向:药物经济学 Tel:(0838)8101894
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jrlN4N4DwnZTjqFriYQfog==, magXml=zfrkq7/G1VyfcVJqn9cmdg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VrF+BbrMhtUh9bfDr0K2wA==, pdfFileSize=1359149, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=thWTeyfY5ZnM11dzKYjWIw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7W+ei+rlNoCfT59AoxDgyw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

叶潇,女,博士,助理研究员 研究方向:药动学

, authorsList=叶潇, 郑爽, 张佳宁, 于敏, 黄舒佳, 王宇, 肖华, 刘艳华, 刘颖)}, authors=[Author(id=1193712957252142010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1193712957319250877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712957252142010, language=EN, stringName=Xiao YE, firstName=Xiao, middleName=null, lastName=YE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193712957373776830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712957252142010, language=CN, stringName=叶潇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176, bio={"content":"

叶潇,女,博士,助理研究员 研究方向:药动学

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

叶潇,女,博士,助理研究员 研究方向:药动学

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957059204019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957071786932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957096952757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176)])]), Author(id=1193712957461857216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1193712957533160386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712957461857216, language=EN, stringName=Shuang ZHENG, firstName=Shuang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193712957612852163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712957461857216, language=CN, stringName=郑爽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957059204019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957071786932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957096952757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176)])]), Author(id=1193712957684155333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1193712957776430023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712957684155333, language=EN, stringName=Jianing ZHANG, firstName=Jianing, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193712957839344584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712957684155333, language=CN, stringName=张佳宁, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957059204019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957071786932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957096952757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176)])]), Author(id=1193712957923230666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1193712957998728140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712957923230666, language=EN, stringName=Min YU, firstName=Min, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193712958061642701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712957923230666, language=CN, stringName=于敏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957059204019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957071786932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957096952757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176)])]), Author(id=1193712958124557263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1193712958195860433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712958124557263, language=EN, stringName=Shujia HUANG, firstName=Shujia, middleName=null, lastName=HUANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193712958267163602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712958124557263, language=CN, stringName=黄舒佳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957059204019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957071786932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957096952757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176)])]), Author(id=1193712958434935764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1193712958510433238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712958434935764, language=EN, stringName=Yu WANG, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193712958569153495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712958434935764, language=CN, stringName=王宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957059204019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957071786932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957096952757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176)])]), Author(id=1193712958627873753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1193712958694982619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712958627873753, language=EN, stringName=Hua XIAO, firstName=Hua, middleName=null, lastName=XIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 Sichuan Medco Pharmaceutical Stock Co., Ltd., Shifang 618400, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193712958787257308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712958627873753, language=CN, stringName=肖华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2 四川美大康药业股份有限公司, 什邡 四川 618400, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957172450230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957180838839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957172450230, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sichuan Medco Pharmaceutical Stock Co., Ltd., Shifang 618400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957185033144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957172450230, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 四川美大康药业股份有限公司, 什邡 四川 618400)])]), Author(id=1193712958854366174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1193712958942446560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712958854366174, language=EN, stringName=Yanhua LIU, firstName=Yanhua, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2 Sichuan Medco Pharmaceutical Stock Co., Ltd., Shifang 618400, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193712958996972513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712958854366174, language=CN, stringName=刘艳华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, *, address=2 四川美大康药业股份有限公司, 什邡 四川 618400, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957172450230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957180838839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957172450230, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sichuan Medco Pharmaceutical Stock Co., Ltd., Shifang 618400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957185033144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957172450230, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 四川美大康药业股份有限公司, 什邡 四川 618400)])]), Author(id=1193712959059887075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1193712959126995941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712959059887075, language=EN, stringName=Ying LIU, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1193712959189910502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, authorId=1193712959059887075, language=CN, stringName=刘颖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957059204019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957071786932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957096952757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1193712962167866343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsule), Keyword(id=1193712962234975208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=acteoside), Keyword(id=1193712962306278377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=LC-MS/MS), Keyword(id=1193712962369192938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=toxicokinetics), Keyword(id=1193712962482439147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=地黄叶总苷胶囊), Keyword(id=1193712962541159404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=毛蕊花糖苷), Keyword(id=1193712962599879661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=液相色谱-串联质谱联用), Keyword(id=1193712962671182830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=毒代动力学)], refs=[Reference(id=1193712965477171200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=313, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, journalName=Beijing standards for Chinese herbal medicines, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Beijing Municipal Health Bureau. Beijing standards for Chinese herbal medicines[M]. Beijing: Capital Normal University Press, 1998: 313., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712965540085761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=9, pageStart=22, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=TIAN M P, DU Q, XIE X L, journalName=J Anhui Agric Sci(安徽农业科学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN M P, DU Q, XIE X L, et al. Advances in the resource chemistry of Rehmannia[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci(安徽农业科学), 2021, 49(9): 22., articleTitle=Advances in the resource chemistry of Rehmannia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712965611388930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1992, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=529, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=MENG S, ZHANG D, WU S J, journalName=Food therapy with Chinese herbs(中草药食品疗法), refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG S, ZHANG D, WU S J, et al. Food therapy with Chinese herbs(中草药食品疗法)[M]. Beijing: China Commer Press, 1992: 529., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712965678497795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=PANG J, journalName=Study on Active ingredients and quality control of Rehmannia leaf, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PANG J. Study on Active ingredients and quality control of Rehmannia leaf[D]. Jinzhong: Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712965745606660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=43, issue=12, pageStart=104, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=XU J C, GAO M B, WANG T, journalName=Guangzhou Chem Ind(广州化工), refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU J C, GAO M B, WANG T, et al. Determination of catalpol content in Rehmannia leaf, fresh Rehmannia, and prepared Rehmannia by HPLC[J]. Guangzhou Chem Ind(广州化工), 2015, 43(12): 104., articleTitle=Determination of catalpol content in Rehmannia leaf, fresh Rehmannia, and prepared Rehmannia by HPLC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712965829492741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=36, issue=19, pageStart=4926, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LI J H, LI J, WANG J M, journalName=Chin J Gerontol(中国老年学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J H, LI J, WANG J M, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Rehmannia leaf[J]. Chin J Gerontol(中国老年学杂志), 2016, 36(19): 4926., articleTitle=Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Rehmannia leaf, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712965888212998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=1012, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=DAI X, SU S, CAI H, journalName=Front Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI X, SU S, CAI H, et al. Protective effects of total glycoside from Rehmannia glutinosa leaves on diabetic nephropathy rats via regulating the metabolic profiling and modulating the TGF-beta1and Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling pathway[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2018, 9: 1012. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01012., articleTitle=Protective effects of total glycoside from Rehmannia glutinosa leaves on diabetic nephropathy rats via regulating the metabolic profiling and modulating the TGF-beta1and Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling pathway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712965951127559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=125, issue=null, pageStart=109926, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=XU Z, DAI X X, ZHANG Q Y, journalName=Biomed Pharmacother, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Z, DAI X X, ZHANG Q Y, et al. Protective effects and mechanisms of Rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycosideon early kidney injury in db/db mice[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 125: 109926. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109926., articleTitle=Protective effects and mechanisms of Rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycosideon early kidney injury in db/db mice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966005653512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=71, issue=7, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=OHTA T, INOHA M, KAWAHARA C, journalName=Chem Pharm Bull, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OHTA T, INOHA M, KAWAHARA C, et al. Angiotensin I-Converting enzyme-inhibitory activity and phytochemical profile of constituents of the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 2023, 71(7): 508. DOI:10.1248/cpb.c22-00524., articleTitle=Angiotensin I-Converting enzyme-inhibitory activity and phytochemical profile of constituents of the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966060179465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=193, issue=null, pageStart=116193, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=TIAN M, LI C, AHMADD N, journalName=Ind Crop Prod, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN M, LI C, AHMADD N, et al. Alternative strategy for purification of acteoside with hypoglycemic activity from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. leaves: Preparation of ZIF-8 D110 resin and its application[J]. Ind Crop Prod, 2023, 193: 116193. DOI: 10.1016/J.INDCROP.2022.116193., articleTitle=Alternative strategy for purification of acteoside with hypoglycemic activity from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. leaves: Preparation of ZIF-8 D110 resin and its application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966131482634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=26, issue=30, pageStart=160, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=PAN L P, journalName=J Med Inf(医学信息), refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN L P. Efficacy analysis of total glycosides of Rehmania leaf in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis[J]. J Med Inf(医学信息), 2013, 26(30): 160., articleTitle=Efficacy analysis of total glycosides of Rehmania leaf in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966202785803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=46, issue=1, pageStart=64, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=ZHONG W X, journalName=Heilongjiang J Tradit Chin Med(黑龙江中医药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHONG W X. Efficacy observation of Rehmania leaf total glycoside capsules in the treatment of proteinuria in stages 1 and 2 of chronic kidney disease[J]. Heilongjiang J Tradit Chin Med(黑龙江中医药), 2017, 46(1): 64., articleTitle=Efficacy observation of Rehmania leaf total glycoside capsules in the treatment of proteinuria in stages 1 and 2 of chronic kidney disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966269894668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=10, issue=16, pageStart=275, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=FAN J X, journalName=Chin J Mod Drug Appl(中国现代药物应用), refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN J X. Efficacy analysis of Rehmania leaf total glycoside in chronic nephritis[J]. Chin J Mod Drug Appl(中国现代药物应用), 2016, 10(16): 275., articleTitle=Efficacy analysis of Rehmania leaf total glycoside in chronic nephritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966337003533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=TIAN M F, journalName=Study on the extraction, separation, and hypoglycemic activity of veronicoside from Rehmania leaf, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN M F. Study on the extraction, separation, and hypoglycemic activity of veronicoside from Rehmania leaf[D]. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966416695310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=65, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=ZHANG Y, SHEN J, MA X, journalName=Appl Biol Chem, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y, SHEN J, MA X, et al. Anti-infammatory and antioxidant activities of acteoside isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis[J]. Appl Biol Chem, 2022, 65(1): 1-12., articleTitle=Anti-infammatory and antioxidant activities of acteoside isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966487998479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=916, issue=null, pageStart=174699, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=KHAN R A, HOSSAIN R, ROY P, journalName=Eur J Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHAN R A, HOSSAIN R, ROY P, et al. Anticancer effects of acteoside: mechanistic insights and therapeutic status[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2022, 916: 174699. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174699., articleTitle=Anticancer effects of acteoside: mechanistic insights and therapeutic status, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966576078864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=711, issue=null, pageStart=134415, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=WEI W, LU M, LAN X, journalName=Neurosci Lett, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI W, LU M, LAN X, et al. Neuroprotective effect of verbascoside on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rat[J]. Neurosci Lett, 2019, 711: 134415. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134415., articleTitle=Neuroprotective effect of verbascoside on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rat, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966668353553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=302, issue=null, pageStart=115866, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=GAO W, ZHOU Y, LI C, journalName=J Ethnopharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO W, ZHOU Y, LI C, et al. Studies on the metabolism and mechanism of acteoside in treating chronic glomerulonephritis[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2023, 302: 115866. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115866., articleTitle=Studies on the metabolism and mechanism of acteoside in treating chronic glomerulonephritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966748045330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=65, issue=2, pageStart=143, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=HAYASHI K, NAGAMATSU T, ITO M, journalName=Jpn J Pharmacol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAYASHI K, NAGAMATSU T, ITO M, et al. Acetoside, a component of Stachys sieboldii MIQ, may be a promising antinephriticagent: effect of acteoside on crescentic-type anti-GBM nephritis in rats[J]. Jpn J Pharmacol, 1994, 65(2): 143-151., articleTitle=Acetoside, a component of Stachys sieboldii MIQ, may be a promising antinephriticagent: effect of acteoside on crescentic-type anti-GBM nephritis in rats, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966823542803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=16, issue=8, pageStart=179, pageEnd=181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=SHEN X, LI D F, ZONG G Z, journalName=Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form(中国实验方剂学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN X, LI D F, ZONG G Z, et al. Study on the effect of total glycosides of Rehmania leaf on rabbit IgG accelerated rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form(中国实验方剂学杂志), 2010, 16(8): 179-181., articleTitle=Study on the effect of total glycosides of Rehmania leaf on rabbit IgG accelerated rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966899040276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=16, issue=13, pageStart=167, pageEnd=169, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=SHEN X, LI D F, ZONG G Z, journalName=Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form(中国实验方剂学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN X, LI D F, ZONG G Z, et al. Study on the effect of total glycosides of Rehmania leaf on rat C-BSA nephritis[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form(中国实验方剂学杂志), 2010, 16(13): 167-169., articleTitle=Study on the effect of total glycosides of Rehmania leaf on rat C-BSA nephritis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712966961954837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=DAI X X, journalName=Evaluation of Rehmania leaf resources and chemistry and the improvement effect and mechanism of its total glycosides on diabetic renal injury, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI X X. Evaluation of Rehmania leaf resources and chemistry and the improvement effect and mechanism of its total glycosides on diabetic renal injury[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712967041646614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=332, pageEnd=335, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=GU L Q, CHEN L F, XU X Z, journalName=J Toxicol(毒理学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=GU L Q, CHEN L F, XU X Z, et al. Toxicokinetics in preclinical safety evaluation studies[J]. J Toxicol(毒理学杂志), 2018, 32(4): 332-335., articleTitle=Toxicokinetics in preclinical safety evaluation studies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712967108755479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=49, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=ICH, journalName=Bioanalytical method validation and study sample analysis M10, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ICH, Bioanalytical method validation and study sample analysis M10[S]. 2022: 1-49., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712967226195992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=7, issue=1, pageStart=10068, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=ZHOU F, ZHAO Y, LI M, journalName=Sci Rep-UK, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU F, ZHAO Y, LI M, et al. Degradation of phenylethanoid glycosides in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. flowers and its effect on anti-hypoxia activity[J]. Sci Rep-UK, 2017, 7(1):10068. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10411-0., articleTitle=Degradation of phenylethanoid glycosides in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. flowers and its effect on anti-hypoxia activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193712967301693465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=HUANG J Y, journalName=Distribution in rats and in vitro and in vivo metabolism study of veronicoside, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG J Y. Distribution in rats and in vitro and in vivo metabolism study of veronicoside[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193712957059204019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957071786932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957096952757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957059204019, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193712957172450230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957180838839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957172450230, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sichuan Medco Pharmaceutical Stock Co., Ltd., Shifang 618400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193712957185033144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, companyId=1193712957172450230, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 四川美大康药业股份有限公司, 什邡 四川 618400)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1193712962876703727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Representative MRM chromatograms of acetoside and internal standard(IS) in Wistar rats plasma

A-blank plasma; B-定量下限(LLOQ); C-drug-containing plasma of young rats 40 min after administration; D-IS(genistein).

, figureFileSmall=BJSlWb4FIoyVi4LldUlbig==, figureFileBig=mB2MwIFsfcu0HhQK6j9U5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193712962964784112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, label=图1, caption=毛蕊花糖苷及内标(IS)在Wistar大鼠血浆中的代表性多反应监测(MRM)色谱图

A-空白血浆;B-最低定量下限样品;C-幼龄大鼠血浆给药40 min后的含药血浆;D-内标(染料木素)。

, figureFileSmall=BJSlWb4FIoyVi4LldUlbig==, figureFileBig=mB2MwIFsfcu0HhQK6j9U5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193712963111584753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Plasma concentration-time curve of acetoside in young Wistar rats after oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules. n=5, x -±s, figureFileSmall=KrpwZnnhwKIkD559opwViQ==, figureFileBig=fWhOZwAc3OimuBYTMtgvng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193712963187082226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Wistar幼龄大鼠口服地黄叶总苷胶囊后体内毛蕊花糖苷血药浓度-时间曲线。n=5, x -±s, figureFileSmall=KrpwZnnhwKIkD559opwViQ==, figureFileBig=fWhOZwAc3OimuBYTMtgvng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193712963266774003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Mass spectrum parameters of acetoside and internal standards

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component Ion
mode
Quantification
ion pair
Cone
voltage/V
Collision
energy/eV
Acetoside [M-H]- 623.1→160.9 68 36
Genistein [M-H]- 269.0→158.9 60 30
), ArticleFig(id=1193712963367437300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

毛蕊花糖苷及内标物质质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Component Ion
mode
Quantification
ion pair
Cone
voltage/V
Collision
energy/eV
Acetoside [M-H]- 623.1→160.9 68 36
Genistein [M-H]- 269.0→158.9 60 30
), ArticleFig(id=1193712963459711989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Determination results of residues of acetoside in rat plasma and internal standard(IS)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batches Area of acetoside in blank sample after ULOQ Area of IS in blank sample after ULOQ 20% Area of verbascoside in LLOQ 5% Area of IS in LLOQ
1 - 146.53 128.39 401.19
2 4.55 188.16 114.30 379.81
3 13.70 130.47 106.22 299.55
), ArticleFig(id=1193712963572958198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大鼠血浆毛蕊花糖苷和内标残留效应测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batches Area of acetoside in blank sample after ULOQ Area of IS in blank sample after ULOQ 20% Area of verbascoside in LLOQ 5% Area of IS in LLOQ
1 - 146.53 128.39 401.19
2 4.55 188.16 114.30 379.81
3 13.70 130.47 106.22 299.55
), ArticleFig(id=1193712963665232887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Precision and accuracy of the assay of acetoside in rat plasma. $\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(Theoretical)
/ng·mL-1
Intra-day(n=5) Inter-day(n=3)
ρ(Measured)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/% ρ(Measured)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/%
3 3.38 ±0.29 112.61 8.53 3.26 ±0.23 118.69 7.07
8 8.01 ±0.16 101.26 2.02 8.01 ±0.51 100.01 6.38
200 194.58 ±10.69 97.29 5.49 194.28 ±17.53 97.14 9.02
400 383.26 ±19.81 95.81 5.17 395.77 ±29.94 98.94 7.57
), ArticleFig(id=1193712964734780408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷准确度与精密度结果。$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ(Theoretical)
/ng·mL-1
Intra-day(n=5) Inter-day(n=3)
ρ(Measured)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/% ρ(Measured)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/%
3 3.38 ±0.29 112.61 8.53 3.26 ±0.23 118.69 7.07
8 8.01 ±0.16 101.26 2.02 8.01 ±0.51 100.01 6.38
200 194.58 ±10.69 97.29 5.49 194.28 ±17.53 97.14 9.02
400 383.26 ±19.81 95.81 5.17 395.77 ±29.94 98.94 7.57
), ArticleFig(id=1193712964839638009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Results of matrix effect of acetoside in rat plasma. $\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batches ρ(Theoretical)
/ng·mL-1
ρ(Measured)
/ng·mL-1(n=3)
Accuracy
/%
RSD
/%
1 8 8.07 ±0.59 100.91 7.28
400 388.80 ±23.04 97.20 5.93
2 8 7.77 ±0.30 97.10 3.86
400 406.82 ±13.27 101.71 3.26
3 8 8.50 ±0.41 106.19 4.84
400 399.19 ±19.35 99.80 4.85
4 8 7.48 ±0.78 93.52 10.45
400 353.06 ±19.28 88.27 5.46
5 8 7.48 ±0.65 93.52 8.69
400 354.78 ±29.09 88.69 8.20
6 8 8.30 ±0.52 103.76 6.23
400 382.49 ±9.38 95.62 2.45
7 8 7.45 ±0.25 93.17 3.30
400 391.52 ±15.64 97.88 3.99
), ArticleFig(id=1193712964923524090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷基质效应结果。$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Batches ρ(Theoretical)
/ng·mL-1
ρ(Measured)
/ng·mL-1(n=3)
Accuracy
/%
RSD
/%
1 8 8.07 ±0.59 100.91 7.28
400 388.80 ±23.04 97.20 5.93
2 8 7.77 ±0.30 97.10 3.86
400 406.82 ±13.27 101.71 3.26
3 8 8.50 ±0.41 106.19 4.84
400 399.19 ±19.35 99.80 4.85
4 8 7.48 ±0.78 93.52 10.45
400 353.06 ±19.28 88.27 5.46
5 8 7.48 ±0.65 93.52 8.69
400 354.78 ±29.09 88.69 8.20
6 8 8.30 ±0.52 103.76 6.23
400 382.49 ±9.38 95.62 2.45
7 8 7.45 ±0.25 93.17 3.30
400 391.52 ±15.64 97.88 3.99
), ArticleFig(id=1193712964990632955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Stability test of acetoside in rat plasma. $\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Items ρ(Theoretical)
/ng·mL-1
ρ(Measured)
/ng·mL-1
Accuracy
/%
RSD
/%
Room temperature 8 6.85 ±0.28 85.68 4.06
(1 h,n=3) 400 342.87 ±1.97 85.72 1.97
Freeze-thaw 3 cycles 8 7.10 ±0.06 88.78 0.82
(-80 ℃,n=3) 400 386.29 ±18.65 96.57 4.83
103 d(n=3) 8 7.75 ±0.15 96.89 1.96
400 389.04 ±17.42 97.26 4.48
Auto-sampler 8 9.02 ±0.59 112.78 6.51
(4 ℃,28 h,n=5) 400 450.86 ±29.11 112.71 6.46
), ArticleFig(id=1193712965049353212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷稳定性结果。$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Items ρ(Theoretical)
/ng·mL-1
ρ(Measured)
/ng·mL-1
Accuracy
/%
RSD
/%
Room temperature 8 6.85 ±0.28 85.68 4.06
(1 h,n=3) 400 342.87 ±1.97 85.72 1.97
Freeze-thaw 3 cycles 8 7.10 ±0.06 88.78 0.82
(-80 ℃,n=3) 400 386.29 ±18.65 96.57 4.83
103 d(n=3) 8 7.75 ±0.15 96.89 1.96
400 389.04 ±17.42 97.26 4.48
Auto-sampler 8 9.02 ±0.59 112.78 6.51
(4 ℃,28 h,n=5) 400 450.86 ±29.11 112.71 6.46
), ArticleFig(id=1193712965124850685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Dilution integrity of acetoside in rat plasma. n=5,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Dilution Factor ρ(Nominal)/ng·mL-1 ρ(Measured)/ng·mL-1 ρ(Calculated)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/%
10 5 000 486.26±20.23 4 862.62±202.27 -2.75 4.16
100 5 000 46.32±2.40 4 632.14±239.60 -7.36 5.17
), ArticleFig(id=1193712965187765246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷稀释可靠性结果。n=5,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Dilution Factor ρ(Nominal)/ng·mL-1 ρ(Measured)/ng·mL-1 ρ(Calculated)/ng·mL-1 Accuracy/% RSD/%
10 5 000 486.26±20.23 4 862.62±202.27 -2.75 4.16
100 5 000 46.32±2.40 4 632.14±239.60 -7.36 5.17
), ArticleFig(id=1193712965259068415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Toxicokinetic parameters of acetoside. n=5

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ/mg·mL-1 t tmax/h ρmax/ng·mL-1 AUC0-24 h/h·ng·mL-1 AUC0-∞/h·ng·mL-1 MRT0-∞/h
30 First 0.33 18.31 134.53 350.39 73.82
Last 1 35.37 195.24 345.28 41.39
150 First 1 69.47 261.51 372.37 11.73
Last 0.083 63.22 211.41 353.51 23.98
750 First 0.083 270.14 590.62 722.15 3.50
Last 0.083 486.92 897.17 950.03 8.13
), ArticleFig(id=1193712965326177280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674745368506467, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

毛蕊花糖苷毒代动力学参数。n=5

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ/mg·mL-1 t tmax/h ρmax/ng·mL-1 AUC0-24 h/h·ng·mL-1 AUC0-∞/h·ng·mL-1 MRT0-∞/h
30 First 0.33 18.31 134.53 350.39 73.82
Last 1 35.37 195.24 345.28 41.39
150 First 1 69.47 261.51 372.37 11.73
Last 0.083 63.22 211.41 353.51 23.98
750 First 0.083 270.14 590.62 722.15 3.50
Last 0.083 486.92 897.17 950.03 8.13
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1190317596361715715, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国药学杂志, nameEn=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1001-2494, eissn=null, cn=11-2162/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=hRN1R6HnoNwYkve/JRn0DA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1761723430007, updatedTime=1761735858241, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=Life Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=hRN1R6HnoNwYkve/JRn0DA==, picEn=xSRntM4yOh2wVIE2w+OjYg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190369724262355196, language=CN, name=中国药学杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735858264, updatedTime=1761735858264, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgyxzzeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190369724358824189, language=EN, name=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1761735858287, updatedTime=1761735858287, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionEditorUrl=https://zgyxzzeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionReviewUrl=https://zgyxzzauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/login, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1190317699101192196, websiteList=[Website(id=1190317834875011552, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1190317699101192196, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761723486870, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761723510130, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国药学杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国药学杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1190318144041353703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761723560581, updateTime=1761723560581, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144016187876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761723560575, updateTime=1761723560575, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144062325226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723560586, updateTime=1761723560586, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144007799267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=puyAm9wIHqZks7K8hj8APQ==, createTime=1761723560573, updateTime=1761723560573, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144074908140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723560589, updateTime=1761723560589, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144032965094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761723560579, updateTime=1761723560579, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144070713835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723560588, updateTime=1761723560588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144024576485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761723560577, updateTime=1761723560577, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144049742312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761723560583, updateTime=1761723560583, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318144053936617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834875011552, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761723560584, updateTime=1761723560584, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1190317834937926113, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1190317699101192196, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761723486885, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761723527689, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国药学杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1190318170478051825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761723566884, updateTime=1761723566884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170461274606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761723566880, updateTime=1761723566880, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170494829044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723566888, updateTime=1761723566888, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170452885997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=puyAm9wIHqZks7K8hj8APQ==, createTime=1761723566878, updateTime=1761723566878, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170507411958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723566891, updateTime=1761723566891, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170473857520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761723566883, updateTime=1761723566883, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170503217653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1761723566890, updateTime=1761723566890, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170465468911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761723566881, updateTime=1761723566881, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170482246130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761723566885, updateTime=1761723566885, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1190318170486440435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1190317834937926113, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761723566886, updateTime=1761723566886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国药学杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.zgyxzz.com.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, journalPhotoCn=hRN1R6HnoNwYkve/JRn0DA==, journalPhotoEn=xSRntM4yOh2wVIE2w+OjYg==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/PDF/10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/EN/PDF/10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
地黄叶总苷胶囊在幼龄大鼠体内毒代动力学研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
叶潇 1 , 郑爽 1 , 张佳宁 1 , 于敏 1 , 黄舒佳 1 , 王宇 1 , 肖华 2 , 刘艳华 2, * , 刘颖 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(6): 612-619
收起
收藏切换
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(6): 612-619
地黄叶总苷胶囊在幼龄大鼠体内毒代动力学研究
全屏
叶潇1, 郑爽1, 张佳宁1, 于敏1, 黄舒佳1, 王宇1, 肖华2, 刘艳华2, *, 刘颖1, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176
  • 2 四川美大康药业股份有限公司, 什邡 四川 618400
  • 叶潇,女,博士,助理研究员 研究方向:药动学

通讯作者:

*刘颖,女,博士,研究员 研究方向:药动学 Tel:(010)67872233-8072;
刘艳华,男,学士,助理研究员 研究方向:药物经济学 Tel:(0838)8101894
Toxokinetics Study of Rehmannia glutinosa Leaf Total Glycosides Capsules in Young Rats
Xiao YE1, Shuang ZHENG1, Jianing ZHANG1, Min YU1, Shujia HUANG1, Yu WANG1, Hua XIAO2, Yanhua LIU2, *, Ying LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Safety Evaluation, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100176, China
  • 2 Sichuan Medco Pharmaceutical Stock Co., Ltd., Shifang 618400, China
出版时间: 2025-03-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007
文章导航
收藏切换

目的 建立测定幼龄大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷(地黄叶总苷胶囊主要成分)浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱联用(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)检测方法,研究毛蕊花糖苷在幼龄Wistar大鼠重复灌胃给予不同剂量水平的地黄叶总苷胶囊后体内的暴露程度及毒代动力学特征。方法 血浆样品采用甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)进行蛋白沉淀处理,液相分离采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm),以含体积分数0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行,流速为0.5 mL·min-1,进样量为2 μL;质谱检测采用电喷雾负离子(ESI-)模式和多重反应监测(MRM)扫描方式,毛蕊花糖苷监测离子对623.1/160.9,染料木素监测离子对269.0/158.9,用作内标;通过建立的LC-MS/MS法分析测定地黄叶胶囊重复给药幼龄Wistar大鼠毒性试验首、末次后大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷的药物浓度,绘制药-时曲线并计算动力学参数。结果 建立了基于LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷含量的方法并进行了方法学验证,该方法可在2~500 ng·mL-1内准确测定毛蕊花糖苷含量。幼龄Wistar大鼠重复灌胃给予地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物混悬液8周,在30~750 mg·kg-1内,体内毛蕊花糖苷的暴露量无蓄积现象;体内暴露量与所给予的剂量不呈线性动力学特征趋势。结论 本研究应用LC-MS/MS技术建立的方法可用于大鼠血浆中地黄叶总苷胶囊中毛蕊花糖苷浓度的测定,并支持完成了地黄叶总苷胶囊在幼龄大鼠体内的毒代动力学研究。

地黄叶总苷胶囊  /  毛蕊花糖苷  /  液相色谱-串联质谱联用  /  毒代动力学

OBJECTIVE To establish an LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentration of acteoside(the main component of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules) in the plasma of young rats and investigate the exposure levels and toxicokinetic characteristics of acteoside following repeated oral gavage administration of different doses of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules. METHODS Plasma samples were processed using protein precipitation with methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1). Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm), with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1. The injection volume was 2 μL. Mass spectrometry detection was carried out using electrospray ionization in negative mode (ESI-1) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The ion transitions monitored were 623.1/160.9 for acteoside and 269.0/158.9 for genistein which served as the internal standard. The established LC-MS/MS method was applied to analyze the plasma concentrations of acteoside in young Wistar rats after the first and last administrations of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules during a toxicity study. Pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed and kinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the accurate determination of acteoside in rat plasma within a concentration range of 2-500 ng·mL-1. Young Wistar rats were repeatedly gavaged with suspensions of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules for 8 weeks at dose levels ranging from 30 to 750 mg·kg-1. No accumulation of acteoside exposure was observed within this dose range, and the exposure did not exhibit linear kinetics with increasing dose. CONCLUSION The developed LC-MS/MS method is applicable for measuring the concentration of acteoside from Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsules in rat plasma and supports toxicokinetic studies in young rats.

Rehmannia glutinosa leaf total glycosides capsule  /  acteoside  /  LC-MS/MS  /  toxicokinetics
叶潇, 郑爽, 张佳宁, 于敏, 黄舒佳, 王宇, 肖华, 刘艳华, 刘颖. 地黄叶总苷胶囊在幼龄大鼠体内毒代动力学研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (6) : 612 -619 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007
Xiao YE, Shuang ZHENG, Jianing ZHANG, Min YU, Shujia HUANG, Yu WANG, Hua XIAO, Yanhua LIU, Ying LIU. Toxokinetics Study of Rehmannia glutinosa Leaf Total Glycosides Capsules in Young Rats[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (6) : 612 -619 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007
地黄叶,来源于玄参科多年生草本植物地黄(Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.)的干燥茎叶[1]。传统上,地黄的根部常以其滋阴补肾、清热凉血的功效作为常用中药而闻名,被制成生地黄或熟地黄广泛应用于临床[2]。然而,地黄叶早在唐代《食疗本草》中就有记载可外用于皮肤病的治疗[3],且现代研究表明二者具有相似的化学成分组成[4-5],因而地黄叶中的丰富活性成分也逐渐受到关注[6-10]。地黄叶总苷胶囊是基于地黄叶中提取的苯乙醇苷类成分而开发的中成药,临床上主要用于成年人慢性肾小球肾炎等肾脏疾病的治疗[11-13]。其中,毛蕊花糖苷为其主要成分[4,14],研究表明其不仅具有抗炎[15]、抗肿瘤[16]、神经保护[17]等多种生物活性,在治疗肾炎类模型动物方面也展现出了良好的活性表现[18-19]
地黄叶总苷胶囊在成人中的药理作用和安全性已通过多项研究得以证实[11-13,20-22],然而,对于儿童,尤其是针对幼龄儿童或幼龄动物模型(如幼龄大鼠)的安全性研究尚未见相关报道。毒代动力学(toxicokinetics,TK)是非临床安全性评价的重要研究内容之一,可以阐明药物在动物体内全身暴露量与剂量和持续时间相联系的程度,并预测药物在人体暴露时的潜在风险[23]。因此,本研究将开展地黄叶总苷胶囊在幼龄大鼠的TK研究,采用液相色谱-串联质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法测定Wistar幼龄大鼠血浆中地黄叶总苷胶囊主要成分毛蕊花糖苷的浓度,旨在获取地黄叶总苷胶囊幼龄动物相关毒理学数据,以期为地黄叶总苷胶囊在儿科人群中的应用提供参考依据。此外,为了确保TK研究的科学性和可靠性,本研究所建立的生物分析方法的验证和样品分析将遵照人用药品技术要求国际协调理事会(the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use,ICH)发布的《M10:生物分析方法验证和研究样品分析》[24](M10)的规定进行。
毛蕊花糖苷、染料木素(批号为:111530-201914、111704-202104,含量为:95.2%、98.8%,中国食品药品检定研究院);乙腈、甲醇(批号分别为:222372、223948,质谱级,美国 ThermoFisher 公司);甲酸(批号:207868,质谱级)、抗坏血酸(批号:WXBC7324V,分析级,美国Sigma公司);超纯水(Milli-Q 纯化系统自制);地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物(批号:220601,每袋2 kg,地黄叶总苷含量:37.5%,四川美大康药业股份有限公司)。
四极杆质谱仪(型号:Xevo TQ-XS,ZSpray ESCI离子源,系统工作软件MassLynx 4.2)、超高效液相(型号:ACQUITY UPLC I-Class PLUS)(美国Waters公司);万分之一电子天平和百万分之一电子天平(型号:MSE2442S、MSA36S型,德国Sartorius公司);涡旋仪(型号:Vortex-GENIE2 G560E,美国Scientific Industries公司);超纯水仪(型号:Milli-Q Advantage A10,美国Millipore公司)。
Wistar大鼠(3周龄,雌雄各半,体质量♂:57.1~88.3 g 体质量♀:49.3~79.2 g)共80只,由北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供,许可证编号:SCXK(京)2021-0006。实验开始前,适应性饲养7 d,饲养于SPF级动物屏障中,饲养环境温度范围:20~26 ℃,日温差不超过3 ℃,相对湿度:40%~70%,每小时至少换气15次,每天12 h照明时间。本实验经国家药物安全监测中心实验动物伦理委员会批准(编号:IACUC-2023-032)。
取地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物适量,加入纯水适量,用搅拌器以500 r·min-1的转速搅拌10 min,配成浓度为2、10、50 mg·mL-1(地黄叶总苷浓度)的地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物混悬液。
取毛蕊花糖苷对照品,精密称定,加入体积分数为0.1%甲酸-30%甲醇水溶液适量,振摇使溶解,得到质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1的对照品储备液。-20 ℃避光保存。取内标染料木素对照品,精密称定,加入甲醇适量,振摇使溶解,得到浓度为1 mg·mL-1的内标储备液。2~8 ℃避光保存。
分别精密吸取毛蕊花糖苷对照品储备液适量,用体积分数为0.1%甲酸-30%甲醇水作稀释液系列稀释,得到30、50、100、250、500、1 000、2 500和5 000 ng·mL-1的系列标准工作液。同法制备质控样品工作液,得到80、2 000和4 000 ng·mL-1的质控工作液。
分别精密量取45 μL大鼠空白混合血浆,加入上述浓度的毛蕊花糖苷系列工作液5 μL,涡旋混匀2 min,得到质量浓度为3~500 ng·mL-1的毛蕊花糖苷校正标样。同法制备得到质量浓度为8、200和400 ng·mL-1的质控样品。
采用Waters ACQUITY UPLCTMHSS T3 色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm),配有0.2 μm在线过滤器;流动相Phase A是体积分数为0.1%甲酸水溶液,Phase B是体积分数0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱(0~1 min,10%~30%B;1~3.5 min,30%~40%B;3.5~4.5 min,40%~90%B;4.5~4.6 min,90%~10%B;3.6~5.5 min,10%~10%B);柱温为50 ℃,进样器温度为4 ℃,进样量为2 μL。
电喷雾负离子化电离源(ESI-),离子源温度150 ℃、毛细管电压0.5 kV、脱溶剂气温度550 ℃、脱溶剂气流速1 000 L·h-1、锥孔气流速150 L·h-1、雾化气压力0.7 MPa、碰撞气氩气流速0.15 mL·min-1
为与该药临床给药方式一致,幼龄Wistar大鼠采用灌胃给药途径,连续给药8周,每天1次。按照地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物进行换算,应用于青少年(6~18岁)的慢性肾小球肾炎的临床拟用最大日剂量为15 mg·kg-1,设置给药剂量为 30 mg·kg-1(低剂量),150 mg·kg-1(中剂量),750 mg·kg-1(高剂量),约为临床最大拟用剂量的2、10和50倍。
取血浆样品50 μL置于含有10 μL体积分数为 0.1%抗坏血酸水溶液的EP管中,加入甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)溶液150 μL(含内标染料木素50 ng·mL-1),涡旋振荡2 min,13 200 r·min-1离心15 min,取上清液2 μL进样分析。
分别取6个不同个体的空白Wistar大鼠血浆基质和1个空白溶血基质,按照“2.4”项下方法操作进行样品前处理,得到色谱图,考察空白大鼠(溶血)血浆对分析物和内标保留时间处是否存在干扰组分引起显著响应。
取按“2.1.3”项下制备的标准曲线系列样品,按“2.4”项进行处理并进样分析,记录色谱图和峰面积。以分析物与内标峰面积的比值(Y)作为纵坐标,各分析物浓度(X)作为横坐标,采用1/X2加权最小二乘法进行线性回归,求得回归方程。
计算在3个分析批中定量上限(upper limit of quantification,ULOQ)进样后空白血浆样品中毛蕊花糖苷和内标峰面积占所在该分析批LLOQ峰面积的比例,以考察残留效应并尽量减少残留。
取按“2.1.4”项下方法制备的定量下限、低、中和高浓度质控样品,按“2.4”项下方法处理并进样分析,进行批内与批间的准确度、精密度考察。每一浓度平行制备 5 份样品,计算批内精密度;重复操作在至少两天内制备并分析 3 批样品,计算批间精密度。
取6个不同来源的空白Wistar大鼠血浆和1个空白溶血基质制备低浓度和高浓度质控样品,每一浓度平行3份,按“2.4”项下进行处理并进样分析,计算每一个来源基质的准确度和精密度以考察不同来源的基质效应。
取按“2.1.4”项下方法制备的低浓度和高浓度质控样品,每一浓度至少平行3份,按“2.4”项处理并进样分析,分别考察样品前处理(室温放置1 h)、样品冻融(-70 ℃~室温3次冻融循环)、样品处理后(自动进样器 4 ℃放置 24 h)和长期(-70 ℃放置103 d)稳定性,计算质控样品中分析物的浓度偏差。
按“2.1.4”项下方法用毛蕊花糖苷储备液制备大于ULOQ的稀释质控样品(Dilution QC),用Wistar大鼠空白混合血浆10倍和100倍稀释Dilution QC样品,得到质量浓度为500和50 ng·mL-1的稀释可靠性样品,每个稀释可靠性样品平行配制5个样品。计算稀释可靠性样品的平均准确度和精密度。
取按“2.4”项下制备的标曲样品和5个低、中和高浓度质控样品储存于自动进样器4 ℃放置 24 h后重新进样,以重新进样的质控样品的精密度和准确度确定处理后样品重新进样的可行性。
TK血浆样品的采集于实验周期中的首次给药日和8周给药结束末次给药日(共2次)进行。首次和末次采血时间点是给药前、给药后5、20、40 min、1、2、4、6、24 h,5只雌性和5只雄性动物采集给药前、给药后20 min、1、4、24 h时间点,另5只雌性和5只雄性动物采集给药后5、40 min、2、6 h时间点,2组交替采血。首次给药时,因动物周龄较小、体质量较轻,每只每次约0.2 mL;末次给药,每只每次约0.6 mL。采集血样置于含乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-2k)抗凝的抗凝管中,轻轻颠倒混匀以抗凝。血样采集后将离心管置于冰袋或碎冰上,注意避光,及时记录采血时间,采血后1 h内尽快对样本进行离心(4 ℃,4 000 r·min-1,10 min),分离血浆。
选取最大血药浓度(ρmax)附近和消除相的样品进行样品再分析(incurred sample reanalysis,ISR),重新分析约10%的TK样品,至少67%的样品再次分析结果其原始分析测得的浓度和重新分析测得的浓度之间的差异应在两者均值的±20%范围内。
采用经验证的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用UPLC-MS/MS)方法对Wistar大鼠血浆样品中的毛蕊花糖苷进行分析,获得不同时间点的各分析物浓度数据,采用 Phoenix WinNonlin®8.3软件(美国)非房室模型进行处理和统计分析,计算药代动力学参数,将处理后的数据导入 GraphPad Prism 7.0绘制血浆药物浓度-时间曲线。实验数据用均数±标准差($\bar{x} \pm s$)表示。
按“2.2”项下对已知结构对照品进行信息采集,将化合物离子模式、定量离子对以及相关质谱信息进行整理(表1)。
毛蕊花糖苷的保留时间约为1.50 min,7个(S1~S7)批次的选择性样品在毛蕊花糖苷保留时间处干扰峰的峰面积均小于LLOQ 毛蕊花糖苷峰面积的20%。内标的保留时间约为2.90 min,7个选择性样品在内标保留时间处干扰峰的峰面积为LLOQ 内标峰面积的5%,该方法的选择性良好。分析物代表性色谱图见图1
毛蕊花糖苷标准曲线范围为3~500 ng·mL-1,标曲回归方程为Y=1.104X+0.236,r=0.999 1,其随行标曲r均大于0.990 0。除LLOQ的准确度在±20%内,其余标准曲线样品的准确度均在85%~115%,说明大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷在该浓度范围内线性关系良好。
3个分析批中ULOQ后空白血浆样品中毛蕊花糖苷峰面积低于相应ULOQ峰面积的20%,3个分析批ULOQ标样后的空白血浆样品的内标峰面积也低于LLOQ内标峰面积的5%(表2)。
LLOQ 样品的批内、批间准确度在80%~120%,精密度相对标准偏差(RSD)≤20%;低、中、 高3个浓度QC样品批内、批间准确度均在85%~115%,精密度RSD均≤15%,根据其随行标准曲线计算QC样品浓度(表3)。
7批血浆样品的准确度在88.27%~106.19%,均在标示浓度的±15%以内,并且所有单个来源批次基质的精密度在2.45%~10.45%,均不大于15%,见表4
大鼠血浆样品前处理(室温放置1 h)、样品冻融(-70 ℃~室温3次冻融循环)、样品处理后(自动进样器4 ℃放置24 h)和长期(-70 ℃放置103 d)稳定性质控样品中毛蕊花糖苷浓度偏差不超过标示浓度的±15%,结果见表5
对超出ULOQ的稀释质控样品用基质稀释10倍和100倍后毛蕊花糖苷测定结果的准确度在真实值的±15%之内,精密度也低于15%的要求,表明大鼠血浆样品稀释不影响准确度和精密度,见表6
幼龄Wistar大鼠,雌雄各半,分两组交替采血,每时间点10只动物,30、150、750 mg·kg-1 3个剂量组首、末次TK雌性和雄性幼龄大鼠平均血药浓度-时间曲线见图2。从3个剂量组地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物连续给药8周的幼龄大鼠体内特征研究中可以看出,灌胃给药后,地黄叶总苷胶囊中主要成分毛蕊花糖苷在给药后5 min~1 h内血药浓度吸收至峰值,之后开始消除;部分个体在首次给药后1 h后即消除至定量下限3 ng·mL-1以下,末次给药后部分个体在2 h后即消除至定量下限以下;3个剂量的体内血药浓度与剂量呈正相关。此外,辅料对照组首次TK与末次TK均未检测到毛蕊花糖苷。
ρmax附近和消除相中超过10%的TK样品进行了再分析,83.33%血浆样品的复测值与初测值的差异在两者均值的±20%范围内,说明所建立的方法满足TK测定的要求。
在首次、末次给药阶段,分别将各剂量组内所有同性别幼龄大鼠的血药浓度计算均值,以均值进行非房室模型拟合,得到首、末次TK特征研究中毛蕊花糖苷3个剂量雌性幼龄大鼠和雄性幼龄大鼠的毒代动力学参数,结果见表7
低剂量组30 mg·mL-1地黄叶总苷胶囊连续给药8周,末次给药后体内(以毛蕊花糖苷计)的ρmax是首次给药ρmax的1.93倍,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC0-24 h)是首次给药AUC0-24 h的1.45倍;中剂量组150 mg·mL-1地黄叶总苷胶囊末次给药后体内(以毛蕊花糖苷计)的ρmax是首次给药ρmax的0.91倍,AUC0-24 h是首次给药AUC0-24 h的0.81倍;高剂量组750 mg·mL-1地黄叶总苷胶囊末次给药后体内(以毛蕊花糖苷计)的ρmax是首次给药ρmax的1.80倍,AUC0-24 h是首次给药AUC0-24 h的1.52倍。其中,低剂量组和高剂量组首、末次ρmax和AUC0-24 h相差较多,可能是因为两组动物交替采血的方式增加了个体间的差异,从而导致了血药浓度的波动而造成。采用SPSS独立样本t检验比较重复给药8周前后的体内暴露是否存在差异,结果显示P值大于临界值0.05,表明首、末次给药后的毛蕊花糖苷体内暴露量无统计学意义的区别。因此认为地黄叶胶囊内容物在剂量30~750 mg·kg-1内,幼龄大鼠连续灌胃给予8周,体内毛蕊花糖苷的暴露量无蓄积现象。
幼龄Wistar大鼠给予地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物的3个剂量之比是1∶5∶25,首次给药后3个剂量组体内地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物(以毛蕊花糖苷计)ρmax之比是1∶3.8∶14.7,表明随着剂量的增加,ρmax的增加并不是线性的;首次给药后3个剂量组体内地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物(以毛蕊花糖苷计)AUC0-24 h之比是1∶1.9∶4.4,同样表明随着剂量的增加,AUC0-24 h的增加不是线性的。而末次给药后3个剂量组地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物(以毛蕊花糖苷计)ρmax之比是1∶1.8∶13.8,说明随着给药次数的增加,高剂量组的ρmax与低剂量组之间的差距变小;3个剂量组地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物(以毛蕊花糖苷计)AUC0-24 h之比是1∶1.1∶4.6,表明高剂量组与低剂量组之间AUC0-24 h的差距在重复给药后有所减小。从上述结果可看出,Wistar大鼠给予3个剂量组地黄叶总苷胶囊内容物(以毛蕊花糖苷计)的ρmax和AUC0-24 h增加的比例低于剂量增加比例;且随着剂量的增加,ρmax和AUC0-24 h的增加呈现非线性关系,并且在重复给药之后,高剂量组与低剂量组之间的毒动学参数差异有所减小。这提示地黄叶总苷胶囊(以毛蕊花糖苷计)可能存在非线性的药动学特征,特别是在较高剂量下或在重复给药的情况下。
本研究依据ICH发布的M10指导原则,建立了一种基于LC-MS/MS技术测定大鼠血浆中毛蕊花糖苷的生物分析方法。在方法建立过程中,发现毛蕊花糖苷存在降解的可能性。根据相关文献报道,毛蕊花糖苷因其结构中含有邻二酚羟基以及糖苷键,因此在高温、高pH和光照条件下容易发生氧化降解[25]。因此,在实验过程中采取了一系列措施确保毛蕊花糖苷的稳定性,在样品预处理过程中添加体积分数1%的抗坏血酸以防止其氧化降解,并在方法学验证阶段分别考察了室温放置1、2和4 h的稳定性以及多次冻融对毛蕊花糖苷稳定性的潜在影响。此外,在收集TK样品过程中避光,将收集到的TK样本立即放置于碎冰中,快速完成样本的分离和储存。
TK研究结果显示,地黄叶总苷胶囊的主要成分——毛蕊花糖苷,在幼龄大鼠体内的消除速度较快,这与文献[26]中报道的毛蕊花糖苷单体给药后在大鼠体内的消除趋势相似。而地黄叶总苷胶囊的主要成分毛蕊花糖苷在幼龄大鼠体内的TK行为表现出一定的非线性特征,即随着剂量的增加,ρmax和AUC0-24 h的增加比例低于剂量增加的比例。这种非线性现象可能是在高剂量下,地黄叶总苷胶囊中的活性成分达到饱和,导致吸收效率下降;也可能随着剂量的增加,负责代谢这些成分的酶系统可能会达到饱和状态,从而影响药物的代谢速率。此外,在末次给药后,ρmax和AUC0-24 h的变化趋势与首次给药虽有所不同,但值得注意的是,这些变化并没有显示出明显的蓄积效应,即随着给药次数的增加,药物的暴露量并未显著累积。这些发现对于指导地黄叶总苷胶囊在儿童患者中的合理剂量选择具有重要意义。考虑到药物在幼龄大鼠体内的非线性药动学特性,在未来应用于儿童患者时应注意药物的剂量调整,并在后续研究中利用多种动物模型进行比较研究,以更好地理解跨物种药动学差异,确保地黄叶总苷胶囊可以应用于儿童患者。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
Beijing Municipal Health Bureau. Beijing standards for Chinese herbal medicines[M]. Beijing: Capital Normal University Press, 1998: 313.
[2]
TIAN M P, DU Q, XIE X L, et al. Advances in the resource chemistry of Rehmannia[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci(安徽农业科学), 2021, 49(9): 22.
[3]
MENG S, ZHANG D, WU S J, et al. Food therapy with Chinese herbs(中草药食品疗法)[M]. Beijing: China Commer Press, 1992: 529.
[4]
PANG J. Study on Active ingredients and quality control of Rehmannia leaf[D]. Jinzhong: Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2019.
[5]
XU J C, GAO M B, WANG T, et al. Determination of catalpol content in Rehmannia leaf, fresh Rehmannia, and prepared Rehmannia by HPLC[J]. Guangzhou Chem Ind(广州化工), 2015, 43(12): 104.
[6]
LI J H, LI J, WANG J M, et al. Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Rehmannia leaf[J]. Chin J Gerontol(中国老年学杂志), 2016, 36(19): 4926.
[7]
DAI X, SU S, CAI H, et al. Protective effects of total glycoside from Rehmannia glutinosa leaves on diabetic nephropathy rats via regulating the metabolic profiling and modulating the TGF-beta1and Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling pathway[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2018, 9: 1012. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01012.
[8]
XU Z, DAI X X, ZHANG Q Y, et al. Protective effects and mechanisms of Rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycosideon early kidney injury in db/db mice[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 125: 109926. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109926.
[9]
OHTA T, INOHA M, KAWAHARA C, et al. Angiotensin I-Converting enzyme-inhibitory activity and phytochemical profile of constituents of the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis[J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 2023, 71(7): 508. DOI:10.1248/cpb.c22-00524.
[10]
TIAN M, LI C, AHMADD N, et al. Alternative strategy for purification of acteoside with hypoglycemic activity from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. leaves: Preparation of ZIF-8 D110 resin and its application[J]. Ind Crop Prod, 2023, 193: 116193. DOI: 10.1016/J.INDCROP.2022.116193.
[11]
PAN L P. Efficacy analysis of total glycosides of Rehmania leaf in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis[J]. J Med Inf(医学信息), 2013, 26(30): 160.
[12]
ZHONG W X. Efficacy observation of Rehmania leaf total glycoside capsules in the treatment of proteinuria in stages 1 and 2 of chronic kidney disease[J]. Heilongjiang J Tradit Chin Med(黑龙江中医药), 2017, 46(1): 64.
[13]
FAN J X. Efficacy analysis of Rehmania leaf total glycoside in chronic nephritis[J]. Chin J Mod Drug Appl(中国现代药物应用), 2016, 10(16): 275.
[14]
TIAN M F. Study on the extraction, separation, and hypoglycemic activity of veronicoside from Rehmania leaf[D]. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University, 2022.
[15]
ZHANG Y, SHEN J, MA X, et al. Anti-infammatory and antioxidant activities of acteoside isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius var. xiamenensis[J]. Appl Biol Chem, 2022, 65(1): 1-12.
[16]
KHAN R A, HOSSAIN R, ROY P, et al. Anticancer effects of acteoside: mechanistic insights and therapeutic status[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2022, 916: 174699. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174699.
[17]
WEI W, LU M, LAN X, et al. Neuroprotective effect of verbascoside on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rat[J]. Neurosci Lett, 2019, 711: 134415. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134415.
[18]
GAO W, ZHOU Y, LI C, et al. Studies on the metabolism and mechanism of acteoside in treating chronic glomerulonephritis[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2023, 302: 115866. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115866.
[19]
HAYASHI K, NAGAMATSU T, ITO M, et al. Acetoside, a component of Stachys sieboldii MIQ, may be a promising antinephriticagent: effect of acteoside on crescentic-type anti-GBM nephritis in rats[J]. Jpn J Pharmacol, 1994, 65(2): 143-151.
[20]
SHEN X, LI D F, ZONG G Z, et al. Study on the effect of total glycosides of Rehmania leaf on rabbit IgG accelerated rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form(中国实验方剂学杂志), 2010, 16(8): 179-181.
[21]
SHEN X, LI D F, ZONG G Z, et al. Study on the effect of total glycosides of Rehmania leaf on rat C-BSA nephritis[J]. Chin J Exp Tradit Med Form(中国实验方剂学杂志), 2010, 16(13): 167-169.
[22]
DAI X X. Evaluation of Rehmania leaf resources and chemistry and the improvement effect and mechanism of its total glycosides on diabetic renal injury[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 2018.
[23]
GU L Q, CHEN L F, XU X Z, et al. Toxicokinetics in preclinical safety evaluation studies[J]. J Toxicol(毒理学杂志), 2018, 32(4): 332-335.
[24]
ICH, Bioanalytical method validation and study sample analysis M10[S]. 2022: 1-49.
[25]
ZHOU F, ZHAO Y, LI M, et al. Degradation of phenylethanoid glycosides in Osmanthus fragrans Lour. flowers and its effect on anti-hypoxia activity[J]. Sci Rep-UK, 2017, 7(1):10068. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10411-0.
[26]
HUANG J Y. Distribution in rats and in vitro and in vivo metabolism study of veronicoside[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2016.
2025年第60卷第6期
PDF下载
79
31
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007
  • 接收时间:2024-08-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-07
  • 出版时间:2025-03-22
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-12
基金
作者信息
    1 中国食品药品检定研究院安全评价研究所, 药物非临床安全评价研究北京市重点实验室, 北京 100176
    2 四川美大康药业股份有限公司, 什邡 四川 618400

通讯作者:

*刘颖,女,博士,研究员 研究方向:药动学 Tel:(010)67872233-8072;
刘艳华,男,学士,助理研究员 研究方向:药物经济学 Tel:(0838)8101894
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyxzz/CN/10.11669/cpj.2025.06.007
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏