Article(id=1193674743518822685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193674740352119804, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)06-0630-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.06.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1717430400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762523836258, onlineDateStr=2025-11-07, pubDate=1742572800000, pubDateStr=2025-03-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762523836258, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762523836258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762523836258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193674740352119804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='6', pageStart='553', pageEnd='662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762523835503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762524041683, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193675605205025683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193674740352119804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193675605205025684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193674740352119804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=630, endPage=637, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193674743820812576, articleId=1193674743518822685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Preparation, Characterization and Transdermal Behavior of Methotrexate Phospholipid Complex Organogel, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare, characterize, and investigate the transdermal behavior of methotrexate phospholipid complex organogel (MTX-PC/OG). METHODS The solubility of MTX-PC in the oil phase, lowest gelling concentration, phase transition temperature, and stability were evaluated as criteria. Preliminary screening of oil phase types, gelling agents, and types and amounts of cogelators for MTX-PC/OG was carried out. The effects of oil phase type, cogelator type and dosage on the transdermal behavior of MTX-PC in vitro were investigated by modified Franz diffusion cell method. The appearance, viscosity, phase transition temperature, content and rheological properties of MTX-PC/OG were characterized. RESULTS Medium chain triglyceride (MCT), isopropyl myristate (IPM) and ethyl oleate (EO) exhibited favorable solubility for MTX-PC. Glycerin monostearate (GMS) demonstrated the most robust gelling capacity as a gelling agent, with optimal gel spreading at a 12.5% concentration. In vitro transdermal permeation results indicated that using MCT as the oil phase and Span 20 as the cogelator significantly enhanced MTX permeation and retention. MTX-PC/OG appeared as a light yellow semisolid state with a uniform texture, viscosity of (85.9±0.5) Pa·s, and a phase transition temperature of (50.4±0.5) ℃. Rheological assessments revealed that MTX-PC/OG is a pseudoplastic fluid with shear-thinning effects, suitable for transdermal drug delivery. Rheological assessments revealed that MTX-PC/OG is a pseudoplastic fluid with shear-thinning effects that facilitate its easy spread. CONCLUSION MTX-PC/OG prescription process is reasonable, with good transdermal and rheological behavior, making it well-suited for skin topical drug delivery.

, correspAuthors=Junping HU, Wenhu ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Baojuan WANG, Luyao LIU, Jianwei SHENG, Junping HU, Wenhu ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193675087904735955, articleId=1193674743518822685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物有机凝胶的制备、表征及透皮行为考察, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 制备甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物有机凝胶(methotrexate phospholipid complex organogel,MTX-PC/OG),并表征及考察其透皮行为。方法 以甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物(MTX-PC)在油相中的溶解度、最低成胶浓度、相转变温度及稳定性为评价指标,初步筛选MTX-PC/OG的油相种类、胶凝剂及辅助胶凝剂的种类与用量;以离体乳猪皮肤为渗透屏障,采用改良Franz扩散池法,考察油相种类、辅助胶凝剂种类及用量对MTX-PC体外透皮行为的影响。并对MTX-PC/OG的外观性状、黏度、相转变温度、含量及流变学性质进行表征。结果 中链甘油三酯(medium chain triglyceride,MCT)、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(isopropyl myristate,IPM)、油酸乙酯(ethyl oleate,EO)3种油相对MTX-PC溶解性均较好,单硬脂酸甘油酯(GMS)作为胶凝剂时成胶能力最强,用量为12.5%时,凝胶涂展性佳;体外经皮渗透结果显示,以MCT为油相,司盘20(Span 20)为辅助胶凝剂促进MTX渗透和滞留的作用最为显著。MTX-PC/OG呈淡黄色半固体状态,均匀细腻,黏度为(85.9±0.5) Pa·s,相转变温度为(50.4±0.5)℃;流变学结果表明MTX-PC/OG为假塑性流体,具有剪切稀化效应,利于涂展。结论 MTX-PC/OG处方工艺合理,具有良好的透皮和流变性能,适于皮肤局部给药。

, correspAuthors=胡君萍, 周文虎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*周文虎,男,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:药物制剂 Tel:(0731)89665604;
胡君萍,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:新药研究与开发 Tel:(0991)2110362
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王宝娟,女,硕士,药师 研究方向:药物制剂研究与开发

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language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=透皮性能), Keyword(id=1193713066337596334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=表征), Keyword(id=1193713066396316591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=流变学特性)], refs=[Reference(id=1193713068837401538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=18, issue=2, pageStart=905, pageEnd=910, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=NEDELCU R I, BALABAN M, TURCU G, journalName=Exp Ther Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEDELCU R I, BALABAN M, TURCU G, et al. 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Drug Deliv, 2019, 26(1): 509-521., articleTitle=Proniosomal gel-derived niosomes: an approach to sustain and improve the ocular delivery of brimonidine tartrate; formulation, in vitro characterization, and in vivo pharmacodynamic study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193713070963913699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=457, issue=null, pageStart=49, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=NESTERENKO A, DRELICH A, LU H, journalName=Colloids Surf A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NESTERENKO A, DRELICH A, LU H, et al. Influence of a mixed particle/surfactant emulsifier system on water-in-oil emulsion stability[J]. Colloids Surf A, 2014, 457: 49-57., articleTitle=Influence of a mixed particle/surfactant emulsifier system on water-in-oil emulsion stability, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193713071035216868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=144, issue=null, pageStart=18, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=CHEN S, HANNING S, FALCONER J, journalName=Eur J Pharm Biopharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN S, HANNING S, FALCONER J, et al. Recent advances in non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes): fabrication, characterization, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications[J]. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2019, 144: 18-39., articleTitle=Recent advances in non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes): fabrication, characterization, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193713071106520037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=107, issue=5, pageStart=1237, pageEnd=1246, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=BNYAN R, KHAN I, EHTEZAZI T, journalName=J Pharm Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BNYAN R, KHAN I, EHTEZAZI T, et al. Surfactant effects on lipid-based vesicles properties[J]. J Pharm Sci, 2018, 107(5): 1237-1246., articleTitle=Surfactant effects on lipid-based vesicles properties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1193713071165240294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=202, issue=1-2, pageStart=133, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=LÓPEZ A, LLINARES F, CORTELL C, journalName=Int J Pharm, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LÓPEZ A, LLINARES F, CORTELL C, et al. Comparative enhancer effects of Span20 with Tween20 and Azone on the in vitro percutaneous penetration of compounds with different lipophilicities[J]. Int J Pharm, 2000, 202(1-2): 133-140., articleTitle=Comparative enhancer effects of Span20 with Tween20 and Azone on the in vitro percutaneous penetration of compounds with different lipophilicities, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1193713064043311994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064051700603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064043311994, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064060089212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064043311994, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 新疆医科大学第一附属医院药学部, 乌鲁木齐 830011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193713064131392381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064139780990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064131392381, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064148169599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064131392381, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 新疆医科大学药学院, 乌鲁木齐 830017)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193713064211084160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064219472769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064211084160, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 China Quality Mark Certification (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064223667074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064211084160, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 方圆标志检验检测(山东)有限公司, 济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193713064282387332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064290775941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064282387332, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064299164551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064282387332, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中南大学湘雅药学院, 长沙 410006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1193713064353690503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064362079112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064353690503, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Drug Research, Urumqi 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1193713064370467721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, companyId=1193713064353690503, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 新疆药物临床研究重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1193713066551505840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The HPLC specificity chromatogram of MTX in reception and extraction solution

A-MTX solution; B-blank reception solution; C-sample reception solution; D-blank skin extration solution; E-sample skin extration solution.

, figureFileSmall=qyl3YCtA68UcniDqTAUp/g==, figureFileBig=5XKGQn5BNk2oQx7Ntl9BtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193713066610226097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, label=图1, caption=接收液及提取液中甲氨蝶呤(MTX)的HPLC特异性色谱图

A-MTX溶液;B-空白接收液;C-接收液样品;D-空白提取液;E-提取液样品。

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A-appperance; B-optical microscope (×400).

, figureFileSmall=vNV1FmoKraHxJHentzi7QA==, figureFileBig=5O9nzKpHlSTitLXdEGTT9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193713067746882483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MTX-PC/OG形貌的外观和显微结构

A-外观;B-光学显微镜(×400)。

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A-elastic and viscous modulus stress curve; B-yeild stress value; C-viscosity shear rate; D-temperature scan.

, figureFileSmall=JFc1GmOEz2nqM4UULYrXTQ==, figureFileBig=dhQR0+uH4F7Oar64NuOa8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193713068061455287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, label=图4, caption=MTX-PC/OG的流变学特征曲线

A-黏弹性模量与应变曲线;B-屈服应力值;C-黏度切变曲线;D-温度扫描曲线。

, figureFileSmall=JFc1GmOEz2nqM4UULYrXTQ==, figureFileBig=dhQR0+uH4F7Oar64NuOa8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193713068124369848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The minimum gelation concentration of MTX-PC/OG

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Oil phase Content(Span 40)/% Content(Span 60)/% Content(GMS)/%
MCT 20 14 10
IPM 28 19 8
EO 31 21 9
), ArticleFig(id=1193713068195673017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物有机凝胶(MTX-PC/OG)的最低成胶浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Oil phase Content(Span 40)/% Content(Span 60)/% Content(GMS)/%
MCT 20 14 10
IPM 28 19 8
EO 31 21 9
), ArticleFig(id=1193713068258587578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The phase transition temperature of MTX-PC/OG. ℃,n=3,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GMS/% MCT IPM EO
10 43.07±0.35 45.50±0.26 44.93±0.74
12.5 49.70±0.44 47.90±0.56 47.67±0.50
15 50.40±0.44 49.90±0.10 49.53±0.21
), ArticleFig(id=1193713068317307835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

MTX-PC/OG的相转变温度。℃,n=3,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GMS/% MCT IPM EO
10 43.07±0.35 45.50±0.26 44.93±0.74
12.5 49.70±0.44 47.90±0.56 47.67±0.50
15 50.40±0.44 49.90±0.10 49.53±0.21
), ArticleFig(id=1193713068392805308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Skin permeation parameters with different oil phase.n=3,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Oil type Equation r2 Q24 h/μg·cm-2 Qskin/μg·cm-2
MCT Qn=0.415t-1.317 0 0.931 5 9.47±0.86 27.99±2.14
IPM Qn=0.049t-0.159 7 0.917 4 1.12±0.20 15.73±1.20
EO Qn=0.126t-0.334 4 0.962 7 2.87±0.13 20.52±2.19
), ArticleFig(id=1193713068468302781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

油相种类对透皮行为的影响。n=3,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Oil type Equation r2 Q24 h/μg·cm-2 Qskin/μg·cm-2
MCT Qn=0.415t-1.317 0 0.931 5 9.47±0.86 27.99±2.14
IPM Qn=0.049t-0.159 7 0.917 4 1.12±0.20 15.73±1.20
EO Qn=0.126t-0.334 4 0.962 7 2.87±0.13 20.52±2.19
), ArticleFig(id=1193713068531217342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Skin permeation parameters with different cogelator.n=3,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cogelator type Equation r2 Q24 h/μg·cm-2 Qskin/μg·cm-2
Control Qn=0.415t-1.317 0.931 5 9.47±0.86 27.99±2.14
Span 20 Qn=3.414t-10.49 0.936 1 78.46±4.52 176.99±5.39
Tween 20 Qn=1.829t-4.374 0.965 5 41.94±3.69 52.34±6.68
Tween 40 Qn=0.224t-0.527 0.946 0 5.26±0.29 15.85±1.88
Tween 80 Qn=0.125t-0.184 0.963 3 2.90±0.45 7.22±0.88
), ArticleFig(id=1193713068589937599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

辅助胶凝剂种类对透皮行为的影响。n=3,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cogelator type Equation r2 Q24 h/μg·cm-2 Qskin/μg·cm-2
Control Qn=0.415t-1.317 0.931 5 9.47±0.86 27.99±2.14
Span 20 Qn=3.414t-10.49 0.936 1 78.46±4.52 176.99±5.39
Tween 20 Qn=1.829t-4.374 0.965 5 41.94±3.69 52.34±6.68
Tween 40 Qn=0.224t-0.527 0.946 0 5.26±0.29 15.85±1.88
Tween 80 Qn=0.125t-0.184 0.963 3 2.90±0.45 7.22±0.88
), ArticleFig(id=1193713068648657856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Skin permeation parameters with different cogelator concentration.n=3,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cogelator content Equation r2 Q24 h/μg·cm-2 Qskin/μg·cm-2
Control Qn=0.415t-1.317 0.931 5 9.47±0.86 27.99±2.14
5% Span 20 Qn=0.960t-2.792 0.953 7 21.79±0.78 33.95±5.97
10% Span 20 Qn=1.472t-4.288 0.925 9 33.40±6.06 55.58±6.27
15% Span 20 Qn=3.414t-10.49 0.936 1 78.46±4.52 176.99±5.39
30% Span 20 Qn=2.572t-8.636 0.908 9 59.66±2.79 236.42±13.47
), ArticleFig(id=1193713068707378113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193674743518822685, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

辅助胶凝剂用量对透皮行为的影响。n=3,$\bar{x} \pm s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Cogelator content Equation r2 Q24 h/μg·cm-2 Qskin/μg·cm-2
Control Qn=0.415t-1.317 0.931 5 9.47±0.86 27.99±2.14
5% Span 20 Qn=0.960t-2.792 0.953 7 21.79±0.78 33.95±5.97
10% Span 20 Qn=1.472t-4.288 0.925 9 33.40±6.06 55.58±6.27
15% Span 20 Qn=3.414t-10.49 0.936 1 78.46±4.52 176.99±5.39
30% Span 20 Qn=2.572t-8.636 0.908 9 59.66±2.79 236.42±13.47
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甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物有机凝胶的制备、表征及透皮行为考察
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王宝娟 1, 5 , 刘璐瑶 2 , 盛建伟 3 , 胡君萍 2, * , 周文虎 4, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(6): 630-637
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(6): 630-637
甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物有机凝胶的制备、表征及透皮行为考察
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王宝娟1, 5, 刘璐瑶2, 盛建伟3, 胡君萍2, *, 周文虎4, *
作者信息
  • 1 新疆医科大学第一附属医院药学部, 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 2 新疆医科大学药学院, 乌鲁木齐 830017
  • 3 方圆标志检验检测(山东)有限公司, 济南 250100
  • 4 中南大学湘雅药学院, 长沙 410006
  • 5 新疆药物临床研究重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 王宝娟,女,硕士,药师 研究方向:药物制剂研究与开发

通讯作者:

*周文虎,男,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:药物制剂 Tel:(0731)89665604;
胡君萍,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:新药研究与开发 Tel:(0991)2110362
Preparation, Characterization and Transdermal Behavior of Methotrexate Phospholipid Complex Organogel
Baojuan WANG1, 5, Luyao LIU2, Jianwei SHENG3, Junping HU2, *, Wenhu ZHOU4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Pharmaceutical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
  • 2 College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
  • 3 China Quality Mark Certification (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
  • 4 Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
  • 5 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Drug Research, Urumqi 830011, China
出版时间: 2025-03-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.06.009
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目的 制备甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物有机凝胶(methotrexate phospholipid complex organogel,MTX-PC/OG),并表征及考察其透皮行为。方法 以甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物(MTX-PC)在油相中的溶解度、最低成胶浓度、相转变温度及稳定性为评价指标,初步筛选MTX-PC/OG的油相种类、胶凝剂及辅助胶凝剂的种类与用量;以离体乳猪皮肤为渗透屏障,采用改良Franz扩散池法,考察油相种类、辅助胶凝剂种类及用量对MTX-PC体外透皮行为的影响。并对MTX-PC/OG的外观性状、黏度、相转变温度、含量及流变学性质进行表征。结果 中链甘油三酯(medium chain triglyceride,MCT)、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(isopropyl myristate,IPM)、油酸乙酯(ethyl oleate,EO)3种油相对MTX-PC溶解性均较好,单硬脂酸甘油酯(GMS)作为胶凝剂时成胶能力最强,用量为12.5%时,凝胶涂展性佳;体外经皮渗透结果显示,以MCT为油相,司盘20(Span 20)为辅助胶凝剂促进MTX渗透和滞留的作用最为显著。MTX-PC/OG呈淡黄色半固体状态,均匀细腻,黏度为(85.9±0.5) Pa·s,相转变温度为(50.4±0.5)℃;流变学结果表明MTX-PC/OG为假塑性流体,具有剪切稀化效应,利于涂展。结论 MTX-PC/OG处方工艺合理,具有良好的透皮和流变性能,适于皮肤局部给药。

甲氨蝶呤  /  磷脂  /  有机凝胶  /  透皮性能  /  表征  /  流变学特性

OBJECTIVE To prepare, characterize, and investigate the transdermal behavior of methotrexate phospholipid complex organogel (MTX-PC/OG). METHODS The solubility of MTX-PC in the oil phase, lowest gelling concentration, phase transition temperature, and stability were evaluated as criteria. Preliminary screening of oil phase types, gelling agents, and types and amounts of cogelators for MTX-PC/OG was carried out. The effects of oil phase type, cogelator type and dosage on the transdermal behavior of MTX-PC in vitro were investigated by modified Franz diffusion cell method. The appearance, viscosity, phase transition temperature, content and rheological properties of MTX-PC/OG were characterized. RESULTS Medium chain triglyceride (MCT), isopropyl myristate (IPM) and ethyl oleate (EO) exhibited favorable solubility for MTX-PC. Glycerin monostearate (GMS) demonstrated the most robust gelling capacity as a gelling agent, with optimal gel spreading at a 12.5% concentration. In vitro transdermal permeation results indicated that using MCT as the oil phase and Span 20 as the cogelator significantly enhanced MTX permeation and retention. MTX-PC/OG appeared as a light yellow semisolid state with a uniform texture, viscosity of (85.9±0.5) Pa·s, and a phase transition temperature of (50.4±0.5) ℃. Rheological assessments revealed that MTX-PC/OG is a pseudoplastic fluid with shear-thinning effects, suitable for transdermal drug delivery. Rheological assessments revealed that MTX-PC/OG is a pseudoplastic fluid with shear-thinning effects that facilitate its easy spread. CONCLUSION MTX-PC/OG prescription process is reasonable, with good transdermal and rheological behavior, making it well-suited for skin topical drug delivery.

methotrexate  /  phospholipid  /  organogel  /  transdermal performance  /  characterization  /  rheological property
王宝娟, 刘璐瑶, 盛建伟, 胡君萍, 周文虎. 甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物有机凝胶的制备、表征及透皮行为考察. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (6) : 630 -637 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.06.009
Baojuan WANG, Luyao LIU, Jianwei SHENG, Junping HU, Wenhu ZHOU. Preparation, Characterization and Transdermal Behavior of Methotrexate Phospholipid Complex Organogel[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (6) : 630 -637 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.06.009
甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate,MTX)是一种二氢叶酸还原酶抑制剂,具有抑制角质形成细胞增殖、改善表皮和真皮炎症反应,以及阻碍真皮血管新生的作用[1-2],小剂量(每周7.5~25 mg)系统可用于银屑病的治疗[3-6],但存在肝毒性、骨髓抑制及恶心呕吐等不良反应[7-14]。鉴于MTX主要作用靶点在皮损部位,皮肤局部用药成为更安全有效的选择,已有研究将MTX制成水凝胶用于银屑病的治疗,其能有效减小银屑病皮损面积,减轻角质层增厚等症状,同时能够降低MTX在循环系统中高暴露带来的毒副作用[15]
然而,MTX局部递送在皮肤角质层渗透方面存在一定挑战,其在生理条件下(pH 7.4)呈离子化状态,亲脂性差(LgP=-1.83),限制其穿透高度亲脂的角质层,进而影响其在皮肤中的持续释放和药效发挥。研究者们将MTX包载于微乳液、脂质体、非离子型囊泡、微针以及纳米粒等多种载体系统中,以增强其皮肤渗透能力[16-20]
磷脂复合物(phospholipid complex,PC)也是常用策略之一,其可以通过改善药物脂溶性以增加角质层渗透性,同时缓释可控[21-23]。但其通常为无定型粉末状态,需要制备成特定剂型才能用于经皮给药[24]。前期研究中发现MTX-PC在遇到极性溶剂时,会逐步解离为MTX和PC单体。因此,需要针对MTX-PC的性质寻找合适的载体。
有机凝胶(organogel,OG)由油溶剂、胶凝剂以及辅助胶凝剂组成的非极性凝胶载体[25]。OG中的油溶液能够溶解PC,并在胶凝剂作用下形成易于涂抹的半固体;PC中的磷脂双分子链可以参与OG凝胶结构的形成,并协同OG其他成分促进药物角质层渗透,渗透性能优于传统油膏[26];此外,OG的非极性的环境可以保持磷脂复合物的稳定性,避免其发生解离。综上,OG可以解决MTX-PC的赋形、渗透和稳定性等问题,是MTX-PC局部递送的理想载体。
本研究在成功制备MTX-PC的基础上,选用脂肪酸酯衍生物构建MTX-PC/OG,用于MTX的皮肤局部递送,本研究的开展为MTX皮肤局部递送制剂的研究开发提供了新的研究思路。
LC-2010C型高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司);KQ-250型超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司);DF-1集热式恒温磁力搅拌器(金坛市中大仪器厂);TK-20B型透皮扩散池(上海锴凯科技贸易有限公司);B540型数字熔点仪(瑞士Buchi公司);DV-2+Pro型数字式黏度计(上海煜柯机电科技有限公司);LRH-250-DZ型药物稳定性试验箱(广东省医疗器械厂);BA210型显微镜(麦克奥迪实业集团有限公司);Q2000型差示扫描量热仪、AR2000 EX型应力控制型流变仪(美国TA公司)。
甲氨蝶呤磷脂复合物(MTX-PC,实验室自制);中链甘油三酯(MCT,法国嘉法狮公司);肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM,上海楷洋生物有限公司);油酸乙酯(EO,上海飞祥化工厂);司盘20(Span 20,天津福晨化学试剂厂);司盘40(Span 40)、司盘80(Span 80)、聚山梨酯20(Tween 20)(天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司);司盘60(Span 60)、聚山梨酯60(Tween 60)(西陇化工股份有限公司);聚山梨酯40(Tween 40,天津市光复精细化工研究所);聚山梨酯80(Tween 80,湖南尔康制药有限公司);单硬脂酸甘油酯(GMS,湖南汇虹试剂有限公司)。
乳猪,体质量10~15 kg,1月龄,湖南省疾病控制中心提供,动物合格证编号:SCXK(湘)2015-0011。
称取处方量MTX-PC,加油相超声使药物完全溶解,得到药物的油溶液。在油溶液中加入辅助胶凝剂,60 ℃水浴磁力搅拌10 min,使辅助胶凝剂分散均匀,再加入胶凝剂,同温继续搅拌10 min,室温放置成胶。
选取不同链长脂肪酸酯作为油相,考察MTX-PC在各种油相中的溶解度。将一定量的MTX-PC加入不同极性的油相中,直至有药物析出。结果显示,MTX-PC在MCT(>30 mg·mL-1)、IPM(>100 mg·mL-1)及EO(>60 mg·mL-1)的溶解度均能够满足载药量的要求,选择作为油相。
以MCT、IPM及EO作为油相,以Span 40、Span 60和GMS为胶凝剂,制备一系列含不同浓度胶凝剂的有机凝胶,以能够形成凝胶(倒置30 s不流动)的最小胶凝剂浓度为最低成胶浓度[27]。结果显示,GMS在较低浓度时即可胶凝,成胶能力强,因此选择GMS作为胶凝剂,结果见表1
胶凝剂的用量与凝胶的稳定性和涂展性有关,胶凝剂用量大,凝胶稳定性好,但稠度可能会较大,不易于涂抹,反之亦然,因此,胶凝剂用量的选择应综合平衡稳定性与涂展性。预实验结果表明,凝胶的相转变温度高于45 ℃时,稳定性较好。采用熔点仪法测定有机凝胶的相变温度[28]。取半固态的凝胶样品适量,吸入两端开口毛细管中(内径0.9~1.1 mm,外径1.3~1.4 mm),高度约5 mm,并用注射器将样品提至距毛细管下端约3 mm处。将装好样的毛细管置于数字熔点仪中,以1 ℃·min-1缓慢升温,相转变温度为凝胶熔化下降1 mm时的温度,每个样品平行测定3份。结果显示,胶凝剂用量为12.5%和15%时,相转变温度均高于45 ℃,稳定性好,但15%凝胶稠度较大,不易于涂抹,因此选择12.5%作为胶凝剂用量,结果见表2
以GMS为胶凝剂,MCT为油相,单链的Span类和Tween类作为辅助胶凝剂[29],制备MTX-PC/OG(因Span 40和Span 60均为固体,制备得到的凝胶质地较硬,不易于涂抹,不适于该有机凝胶)。Tween 60和 Span 80的有机胶凝室温放置不稳定,出现分层,选择Span 20、Tween 20、Tween 40和Tween 80进行下一步体外透皮实验。
将处理好的乳猪皮肤固定在改良Franz扩散池上,角质层朝向供给池,加入约8.5 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,pH 7.4)溶液作为透皮接收液。将约0.2 g有机凝胶均匀涂抹于皮肤上,接收池置(37±1)℃恒温水浴中,200 r·min-1磁力搅拌。分别于1、2、4、8、12、24 h取尽接收液,并补充等量同温接收液。接收液样品经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤用HPLC进样分析,按公式1计算单位面积皮肤药物累积渗透量Qn(μg·cm-2)。
Qn=(ρnV+ i = 1 n ρiVi)/A
式中,Qnt时间内单位面积累积渗透量,ρnρi分别为第n个和第(n-1)个取样时间点接受液中药物的质量浓度;V为接受液的总体积(2 mL);Vi为每次取样体积;A为有效渗透面积(0.785 cm2)。绘制Qn对时间t的体外经皮渗透动力学曲线,并进行线性回归。
取透皮试验后皮肤,棉签除去表面残留药物,再用PBS(pH 7.4)-PEG 400(80∶20)冲洗干净,滤纸吸干,称重,剪碎后加入甲醇5 mL,超声提取30 min,13 500 r·min-1离心10 min。上清液经PBS(pH 7.4)稀释5倍后,HPLC进样分析,按公式2计算单位质量皮肤滞留量(Qskin)。
Qskin =ρV/m
式中,Qskin为24 h内单位质量皮肤滞留量,ρ为皮肤中药物质量浓度,V为皮肤样品溶液的体积,m为皮肤的质量。
色谱条件及专属性试验:色谱柱为Agilent TC-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相为甲醇-0.01 mol·L-1 PBS(pH 6.5)(22∶78);流速为1.0 mL·min-1;柱温为35 ℃;检测波长为303 nm;进样体积为20 μL。在本色谱条件下,MTX在8.8 min左右出峰,峰形良好,乳猪皮肤中内源性物质不干扰MTX的测定(图1)。
线性范围和方法学验证:取MTX储备液适量,用PBS(pH 7.4)逐级稀释成质量浓度为10、5、2、1、0.5、0.2、0.1、0.05、0.02 μg·mL-1的MTX溶液,按“2.2.3”项下条件进样分析,记录峰面积。以峰面积(A)为纵坐标,质量浓度(ρ)为横坐标线性回归,得回归方程A=53 782ρ-23(r2=0.999 99)。MTX在0.02~10 μg·mL-1内线性关系良好。
取MTX储备液适量,用PBS(pH 7.4)配制低、中、高质量浓度分别为0.05、0.5、8 μg·mL-1的MTX溶液各5份,按“2.2.3”色谱条件进行分析,1 d内连续测定5次,连续测定3 d,计算日内及日间精密度,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.6%。以测定值与真实值的比值为准确度,低、中、高浓度样品的准确度分别为98.76%、100.76%、100.47%,RSD分别为1.78%、1.57%、1.01%。
以GMS为胶凝剂,不添加辅助胶凝剂,考察油相分别MCT、IPM和EO对MTX-PC/OG体外透皮的影响(表3),3种油相极性顺序为MCT>IPM>EO。结果表明,以MCT为油相的有机凝胶可同时增加药物的渗透和滞留作用,其Q24 h分别为IPM和EO组的8.5和3.3倍,Qskin分别为IPM和EO组1.8和1.4倍,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),因此选择MCT作为油相。
以GMS为胶凝剂,MCT为油相,分别加入Span 20、Tween 20、Tween 40、Tween 80作为辅助胶凝剂,制备MTX-PC/OG,其中以Span 20为辅助胶凝剂组,在提高药物的渗透和滞留方面具有显著优势,最终选择Span 20作为辅助胶凝剂,结果见表4
以GMS为胶凝剂,MCT为油相,考察辅助胶凝剂Span 20用量为5%、10%、15%、30%对MTX-PC/OG体外透皮的影响。经皮渗透实验结果表明,MTX-PC/OG的经皮累积渗透量随着Span 20用量的增加而增加,当用量为15%左右接近平衡。Span 20的用量对滞留量影响较大,但是当Span 20用量为30%时,凝胶结构趋于不稳定,最终选择Span 20用量为15%,结果见表5
本品为淡黄色不透明半固体凝胶,均匀细腻,涂展性好(图2A)。显微镜下MTX-PC/OG具有纤维状结构,药物聚集形成黄色点状结构(图2B)。
黏度可反映凝胶的黏附性,一般在5~100 Pa·s内较为适宜。黏度计测定3批凝胶的黏度,剪切速率为1 s-1,温度为25 ℃,3批凝胶的平均黏度为(85.9±0.5) Pa·s,说明MTX-PC/OG的黏附性较好。
外用半固体制剂的相转变温度在45~55 ℃内易于涂布或黏附在皮肤上。本实验采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定有机凝胶的相转变温度[30]。以空铝坩埚为参比,另一铝坩埚内放入10~15 mg有机凝胶样品,扫描范围:20~60 ℃,升温速度:5 ℃·min-1,氮气流保护,3批凝胶的平均相转变温度为(50.4±0.5)℃,典型谱图见图3
理想的局部用药半固体制剂,应具备假塑性或触变性等流变学特性,在受到挤出或涂抹等外力作用时,凝胶黏度下降,有利于挤出和涂抹;在停止外力作用时,凝胶恢复原有特性,有利于贮存时的稳定。本研究应用平板模型(间隙500 μm),分别在振荡模式和稳态模式下测定MTX-PC/OG的流变学参数。
黏弹性模量:在振荡模式下及线性黏弹性范围内测定MTX-PC/OG的流变学参数随角频率的变化。温度为25 ℃,应变幅度为0.05%,扫描角频率范围为0.1~100 rad·s-1,频率为1 Hz,以弹性模量G'、黏性模量G″和复数黏度的对数对角频率的对数作图,可以得到一定频率下3个流变参数的流变曲线(图4A)。黏弹性模量呈现非频率依赖性,而且弹性模量大于黏性模量,说明凝胶系统弹性占主要优势,凝胶系统较为稳定。随着频率的增大,黏度下降,具有剪切变稀的现象,适用于局部给药。
屈服应力值:以振动应力扫描模式测定有机凝胶的屈服值,温度为25 ℃,振动应力扫描范围为0.1~100 Pa,频率为1 Hz,以弹性模量G'、黏性模量G″的对数对角频率的对数作图,可以得到凝胶的屈服应力值(图4B)。屈服值为凝胶的黏弹性模量由稳定状态开始下降5%时的振动应力大小,结果表明,MTX-PC/OG的屈服值在10.0 Pa左右。
黏度切变曲线:该值能够反应制剂的触变性。以振稳态模式测定,温度为25 ℃,剪切速率0.1、100、0.1 s-1,剪切时间分别为1、2和10 min,观察凝胶黏度的变化(图4C)。在低剪切速率下,凝胶保持稳定,黏度较大;当给予100 s-1的高剪切速率,凝胶的三维网状结构有序性增加,黏度降低,再以低剪切速率处理凝胶,10 min内可以部分恢复凝胶三维网状结构,说明MTX-PC/OG具有触变性,有利于制剂的使用和保存。
温度扫描曲线:以温度斜坡扫描模式测定MTX-PC/OG的相转变温度,温度扫描范围30~60℃,升温速率为1 ℃·min-1,扭矩为10 μN·m,以弹性模量G'、黏性模量G″的对数及相位角对温度作图,可以得到凝胶的相转变温度(图4D)。弹性模量与黏性模量的交点即为凝胶的相转变温度,结果表明,MTX-PC/OG的相转变温度为49.3 ℃,相位角也在超过此温度时发生急剧变化,说明凝胶由凝胶向溶胶态转变。
在油相选择中,溶解度结果显示IPM>EO>MCT,但体外透皮却发现采用MCT为油相时,透皮性能最佳。药物角质渗透的本质是药物在制剂和角质层中的动态分配的过程,在本研究中,MTX-PC在MCT中溶解度较为适中,在IPM及EO中溶解度较高,说明药物和溶剂的亲和力强,不利于药物释放和向角质层的分配[31]
在胶凝剂选择方面,本试验选用常用的Span 40、Span 60和GMS作为胶凝剂,分别加入油相考察其成胶能力[32-33]。GMS胶凝能力最强,可能是因为其熔点相对较高,且在3种油相中的溶解度较为适宜,有助于凝胶的形成。不同胶凝剂对3种油相的胶凝能力排序结果显示,Span 40和Span 60对极性较大的油相(MCT)具有较好的胶凝能力,而GMS对极性较小的油相(IPM)具有较好的胶凝能力,这可能是因为Span 40和Span 60的HLB值相对较高,极性较大,在极性大的油相中溶解度适宜,而GMS脂溶性更强,在极性小的油相中溶解度适宜于凝胶的形成。
辅助胶凝剂的加入可以显著改变凝胶的稳定性[34]。实验中选用单链的Span和Tween作为辅助胶凝剂,并通过流变学参数弹性模量为指标考察其稳定性。实验结果显示,Span 20、Span 80及Tween 20的加入可以增加凝胶体系的稳定性,而Tween 40、Tween 60和Tween 80的加入会降低凝胶体系的稳定性。Murdan等[29]在研究中发现,对于油相碳链长度较长(C > 14)的有机凝胶,辅助胶凝剂的添加会增加其稳定性,对于油相碳链长度较短的,则会导致稳定性下降;然而对中间碳链长度的油相制备的有机凝胶,影响尚不明显。因此,可以推测辅助胶凝剂对凝胶稳定性的调节程度与碳链长度有关。
在本研究中,Span 20和Tween 20的碳链长度均为12,与MCT的碳链长度较为接近,故能提高稳定性;相反,Tween 40、Tween 60和Tween 80分别为C16、C18、C18,与MCT碳链长度相差较大,导致稳定性下降。虽然Span 80的弹性模量较高,但其稳定性欠佳,可能是因为GMS在Span 80中溶解度不适宜。
辅助胶凝剂种类对MTX-PC/OG的透皮行为有显著影响。实验结果表明,Span 20和Tween 20对凝胶渗透具有促进作用,而Tween 40和Tween 80对MTX-PC渗透有抑制作用,可能是以下3方面原因:首先,辅助胶凝剂能够通过混合胶束的形成参与凝胶结构的构建,从而改变有机凝胶的微观结构,进而影响药物的释放行为。其次,在实验中观察发现,Span 20和Tween 20形成的凝胶在透皮前后保持相对一致的结构,而Tween 40 和Tween 80无法很好地溶于凝胶基质中,在显微镜下可以看到其以液滴的形式析出,可能是因为亲水亲油平衡值(Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance value,HLB)值较高,具有较强的亲水性。再次,辅助胶凝剂的碳链长度及结构对经皮渗透有影响[35-36]。文献[36]报道指出,碳链长度为12的表面活性剂对角质层结构的干扰效果最强,随着碳链长度增加,促渗能力逐渐降低。因此,Tween 20和Span 20的有机凝胶渗透性能较强。本实验发现,Span 20优于Tween 20,这可能是因为Span 20的亲水性头基没有Tween 20的聚氧乙烯链,其空位阻力较小,更容易与皮肤接触并发挥促渗作用[37]
MTX-PC/OG给药后,MTX的经皮渗透量和滞留量都有大幅度的增加,说明MTX-PC/OG可以同时改善MTX的角质层渗透和滞留。作者推测可能机制为:MTX-PC借助OG各组分的促渗作用快速分配到亲脂性角质层中,但在亲水性的活性表皮和真皮层中的扩散受限,在角质层形成储库,缓慢释放药物。接下来,当MTX-PC在角质层与活性表皮交界处遇到血液或组织液等极性溶剂,缓慢解离,并以离子形式在活性表皮和真皮层中扩散,作者未发表的动物皮肤局部给药药动学实验也得到了类似的结果。
本研究利用MTX-PC的高亲脂特性,解决了MTX的角质渗透难题,并促进其在角质层形成药物储库;此外,通过非极性OG载体的构建,解决了MTX-PC在极性载体中不稳定的问题;并巧妙利用MTX-PC在极性溶剂中不稳定的特点,实现了MTX从角质层向活性表皮及真皮层等靶部位的释放。本研究为OG作为药物磷脂复合物的皮肤局部用药载体的构建提供了新的思路。
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2025年第60卷第6期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.06.009
  • 接收时间:2024-06-04
  • 首发时间:2025-11-07
  • 出版时间:2025-03-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-04
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    1 新疆医科大学第一附属医院药学部, 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2 新疆医科大学药学院, 乌鲁木齐 830017
    3 方圆标志检验检测(山东)有限公司, 济南 250100
    4 中南大学湘雅药学院, 长沙 410006
    5 新疆药物临床研究重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011

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*周文虎,男,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:药物制剂 Tel:(0731)89665604;
胡君萍,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:新药研究与开发 Tel:(0991)2110362
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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