Article(id=1190375274953937385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190375270847710190, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)03-0257-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.03.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723392000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761737181652, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761737181652, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761737181652, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761737181652, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190375270847710190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='3', pageStart='209', pageEnd='312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761737180673, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761793989024, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190613542412890252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190375270847710190, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190613542412890253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190375270847710190, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=257, endPage=265, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190375275180429805, articleId=1190375274953937385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Supercritical CO2 Extraction Process of Curcuma longa L. and Its Effects on Alleviating Alcohol Intoxication and Protecting the Liver, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To explore the supercritical CO2 extraction process of Curcuma longa L. and its effects on alleviating alcohol intoxication and protecting the liver. METHODS The extraction yield, curcumin, and α-turmerone contents were used as evaluation indicator. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experimental designs were employed to optimize process parameters such as the amount of co-solvent, extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time, separation vessel pressure, and temperature. The alcohol alleviating effects, pathways, and liver protection of Curcuma longa L. Supercritical CO2 extract were evaluated using mouse alcohol intoxication models, rat alcohol intoxication models, and mouse subacute alcohol-induced liver injury models. The results indicated that the optimal process for Curcuma longa L. RESULTS Supercritical CO2 extraction included: an extraction pressure of 30 MPa, extraction temperature of 55 ℃, using ethanol as a co-solvent at a weight equal to that of the medicinal material, an extraction time of 2 hours, maintaining consistent pressure in the separation vessel and storage tank, a separation vessel temperature of 40 ℃, and ethanol recovery through depressurization at 50 ℃. Furthermore, the supercritical extract significantly reduced the sleep time of mice after alcohol intoxication and improved their wake-up experiment (P<0.01), increased the ADH level in rats (P<0.01), and reduced the levels of TC, LDL-C, and TBIL in the serum of mice in the subacute liver injury model (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The preparation process developed in this study has a high extraction rate, is stable and feasible, and the supercritical CO2 extract produced exhibited good alcohol alleviating effects and reduces subacute alcohol-induced liver injury.

, correspAuthors=Liping FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lüdong GONG, Chengzhi ZHONG, Ting LI, Panpan TANG, Hong YAN, Zhida ZI, Yan GUO, Desong WU, Liping FENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1190375614847751166, articleId=1190375274953937385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=姜黄超临界CO2萃取工艺和解酒护肝作用研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究姜黄的超临界CO2萃取工艺及其解酒护肝作用。方法 以萃取物得率、姜黄素和α-姜黄烯含量为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验设计对夹带剂加入量、萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、分离釜压力和温度等工艺参数进行优化,采用小鼠醉酒模型、大鼠醉酒模型和小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤模型评价姜黄超临界萃取物的解酒功效、途径和护肝作用。结果 姜黄超临界CO2萃取的最佳工艺为:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度55 ℃,加入药材重量1 倍的乙醇作为夹带剂,萃取时间2 h,分离釜压力与储罐压力一致,分离釜温度40 ℃,50 ℃减压回收乙醇。此外,姜黄超临界萃取物可以显著降低小鼠醉酒后的睡眠时间和醒酒实验(P<0.01),提高大鼠体内的乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH)平(P<0.01),还可以降低亚急性肝损伤模型小鼠的血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)和总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL)水平(P<0.01)。结论 本研究制备工艺萃取率高、稳定可行、制备的姜黄超临界萃取物具有较好的解酒功效和降低亚急性酒精性肝损伤作用。

, correspAuthors=冯莉萍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*冯莉萍,女,硕士,高级工程师 研究方向:中药及天然药物研究 Tel:(0871)68411027-8301
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龚吕东,男,本科,主管药师 研究方向:中药药效活性及机制和新药研究

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龚吕东,男,本科,主管药师 研究方向:中药药效活性及机制和新药研究

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龚吕东,男,本科,主管药师 研究方向:中药药效活性及机制和新药研究

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A-drunken latency; B-sleep time; C-drunken time; D-the number of mice; 1)P<0.01, compared with the control group.

, figureFileSmall=hOSGVF5vYIy6rEuJPhgqog==, figureFileBig=a8dnuenECZCyGu5flxUJIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190958991925723865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=图1, caption=姜黄不同提取物的解酒作用。 n=20, $\bar{x}\pm s$

A-醉酒潜伏期; B-睡眠时间; C-醒酒时间; D-小鼠只数;与空白对照组比较,1)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=hOSGVF5vYIy6rEuJPhgqog==, figureFileBig=a8dnuenECZCyGu5flxUJIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190958991992832730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Antialcohol effects of CO2 supercritical extract of Curcuma longa L.. n=20, $\bar{x}\pm s$

1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01, compared with the control group.

, figureFileSmall=vWM2devThJa8eGzA1eMjRA==, figureFileBig=Jrck6iG4AWRK6rxFuF3g5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190958992043164379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=图2, caption=姜黄超临界CO2萃取物的解酒作用。 n=20, $\bar{x}\pm s$

与空白对照组比较,1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=vWM2devThJa8eGzA1eMjRA==, figureFileBig=Jrck6iG4AWRK6rxFuF3g5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190958992106078940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of CO2 supercritical extract from Curcuma longa L. on alcohol metabolizing enzymes. n=10, $\bar{x}\pm s$

1)P<0.01, compared with the model group.

, figureFileSmall=yMaA3Ta+EJVTtJMDHLu3oA==, figureFileBig=aKaW9v6SwwQmLNXyffHf0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190958992240296669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=图3, caption=姜黄超临界CO2萃取物对酒精代谢酶的影响。 n=10, $\bar{x}\pm s$

与模型组比较, 1)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=yMaA3Ta+EJVTtJMDHLu3oA==, figureFileBig=aKaW9v6SwwQmLNXyffHf0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190958992299016926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of CO2 supercritical extract from Curcuma longa L. on subacute liver injury model in mice. n=15, $\bar{x}\pm s$

1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01, compared with the model group; 3)P<0.01, compared with the control group.

, figureFileSmall=VYwxZxebf4rRUWD5snTkbg==, figureFileBig=nAAnuw1+ukMM5ESEE9/Rvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190958992353542879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=图4, caption=姜黄超临界CO2萃取物对小鼠亚急性肝损伤模型的影响. n=15, $\bar{x}\pm s$

与模型组比较,1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01; 与空白对照组比较,3)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=VYwxZxebf4rRUWD5snTkbg==, figureFileBig=nAAnuw1+ukMM5ESEE9/Rvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190958992408068832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Factor levels of orthogonal tests for supercritical extraction of Curcuma longa L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Levels Factor
A (Extraction
pressure)/MPa
B (Extracting
temperature)/℃
C (Extracting
time)/h
Blank
1 20 45 1
2 25 50 1.5
3 30 55 2
), ArticleFig(id=1190958992483566305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

姜黄超临界萃取正交试验因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Levels Factor
A (Extraction
pressure)/MPa
B (Extracting
temperature)/℃
C (Extracting
time)/h
Blank
1 20 45 1
2 25 50 1.5
3 30 55 2
), ArticleFig(id=1190958992533897954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Table of Curcuma longa L. sample preparation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample
name
Extract
mass/g
Extract
yield/%
Curcumin
content /%
α-Curcumene
content/%
Sample 1 32.0 3.20 0.09 9.11
Sample 2 51.2 5.12 4.62 7.33
Sample 3 63.9 12.78 5.64 3.97
), ArticleFig(id=1190958992655532771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

姜黄样品制备结果表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sample
name
Extract
mass/g
Extract
yield/%
Curcumin
content /%
α-Curcumene
content/%
Sample 1 32.0 3.20 0.09 9.11
Sample 2 51.2 5.12 4.62 7.33
Sample 3 63.9 12.78 5.64 3.97
), ArticleFig(id=1190958992718447332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Effects of entrained agent on the yield and content of supercritical extraction of Curcuma longa L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. m(Curcuma longa L.)∶V(entrainment agent)/mg∶mL Extract yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
1 1∶0 3.20 0.03 1.78
2 1∶0.5 2.19 0.60 0.95
3 1∶1 3.94 0.88 2.62
4 1∶2 4.32 1.01 2.67
), ArticleFig(id=1190958992840082149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

夹带剂对姜黄超临界萃取得率和含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. m(Curcuma longa L.)∶V(entrainment agent)/mg∶mL Extract yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
1 1∶0 3.20 0.03 1.78
2 1∶0.5 2.19 0.60 0.95
3 1∶1 3.94 0.88 2.62
4 1∶2 4.32 1.01 2.67
), ArticleFig(id=1190958992911385318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Effects of different temperature on supercritical extraction of Curcuma longa L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T/℃ Curcumin content/
mg·g-1 1)
α-Curcumene content/
mg·g-1 1)
0 d 5 d 0 d 5 d
40 1.02 1.02 2.67 3.02
60 1.02 1.01 2.67 2.56
), ArticleFig(id=1190958992978494183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同温度对姜黄超临界萃取液的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T/℃ Curcumin content/
mg·g-1 1)
α-Curcumene content/
mg·g-1 1)
0 d 5 d 0 d 5 d
40 1.02 1.02 2.67 3.02
60 1.02 1.01 2.67 2.56
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993041408744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Orthogonal test results of supercritical extraction of Curcuma longa L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Factor Evaluation index
A B C Extract yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1) Comprehensive score
1 1 1 1 3.20 0.12 1.37 40.93
2 1 2 2 4.47 0.23 2.23 62.97
3 1 3 3 4.13 0.22 2.04 58.39
4 2 1 2 4.91 0.19 2.56 67.58
5 2 2 3 5.07 0.32 2.61 75.16
6 2 3 1 4.04 0.38 2.04 64.80
7 3 1 3 4.43 0.41 2.11 69.61
8 3 2 1 4.38 0.53 2.02 73.99
9 3 3 2 5.97 0.67 2.93 99.95
I 54.097 59.373 59.907
69.180 70.707 76.833
81.188 74.380 67.720
R 27.086 15.007 16.926
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993095934697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

姜黄超临界萃取正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Factor Evaluation index
A B C Extract yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1) Comprehensive score
1 1 1 1 3.20 0.12 1.37 40.93
2 1 2 2 4.47 0.23 2.23 62.97
3 1 3 3 4.13 0.22 2.04 58.39
4 2 1 2 4.91 0.19 2.56 67.58
5 2 2 3 5.07 0.32 2.61 75.16
6 2 3 1 4.04 0.38 2.04 64.80
7 3 1 3 4.43 0.41 2.11 69.61
8 3 2 1 4.38 0.53 2.02 73.99
9 3 3 2 5.97 0.67 2.93 99.95
I 54.097 59.373 59.907
69.180 70.707 76.833
81.188 74.380 67.720
R 27.086 15.007 16.926
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993158849258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Results of ANOVA for supercritical extraction of Curcuma longa L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Factor Deviation sum of squares Degree of freedom F ratio F critical value Significance
A (Extraction pressure)/MPa 1 105.27 2 16.22 19.000 -
B (Extractingtemperature)/℃ 367.14 2 5.39 19.000 -
C (Extracting time)/h 430.62 2 6.32 19.000 -
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993217569515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

姜黄超临界萃取正交试验方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Factor Deviation sum of squares Degree of freedom F ratio F critical value Significance
A (Extraction pressure)/MPa 1 105.27 2 16.22 19.000 -
B (Extractingtemperature)/℃ 367.14 2 5.39 19.000 -
C (Extracting time)/h 430.62 2 6.32 19.000 -
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993267901164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Effects of separator pressure on yield and content of supercritical extraction of Curcuma longa L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Device Extraction pressure/MPa Extract yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
1 Separation Kettle 4 4.27 0.92 1.41
2 Separation Kettle 6 3.28 0.57 0.91
3 Separation Kettle Ⅰ 8 0.08 0.04 0.01
Separation Kettle Ⅱ 4 4.69 0.14 2.01
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993343398637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

分离釜压力对姜黄超临界萃取物得率和含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Device Extraction pressure/MPa Extract yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
1 Separation Kettle 4 4.27 0.92 1.41
2 Separation Kettle 6 3.28 0.57 0.91
3 Separation Kettle Ⅰ 8 0.08 0.04 0.01
Separation Kettle Ⅱ 4 4.69 0.14 2.01
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993406313198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Effects of separator temperature on yield and content of supercritical extraction of Curcuma longa L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Extracting temperature/℃ Extract yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
1 30 4.99 0.36 2.13
2 35 5.02 0.50 2.12
3 40 5.19 0.84 2.25
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993456644847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

分离釜温度对姜黄超临界萃取物得率和含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. Extracting temperature/℃ Extract yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
1 30 4.99 0.36 2.13
2 35 5.02 0.50 2.12
3 40 5.19 0.84 2.25
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993519559408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Validation of the optimal process of CO2 supercritical extraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Name Delivery quantity/g Yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
Verification 1 1 000 4.79 0.80 2.11
Verification 2 1 000 5.42 0.77 2.50
Verification 3 1 000 5.35 0.60 2.48
RSD/% 6.66 14.9 9.29
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993595056881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

超临界CO2萃取最佳工艺验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Name Delivery quantity/g Yield/% Curcumin content/mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
Verification 1 1 000 4.79 0.80 2.11
Verification 2 1 000 5.42 0.77 2.50
Verification 3 1 000 5.35 0.60 2.48
RSD/% 6.66 14.9 9.29
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993653777138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

Pilot production of supercritical extraction of Curcuma longa L. results table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Lot m(Delivery)/kg m(Extract)/kg Yield/% Curcumin content /mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
1 100.00 10.00 10.00 0.87 3.44
2 100.00 9.21 9.21 1.00 3.73
3 295.10 25.67 8.69 1.06 4.05
RSD/% 7.09 9.94 8.16
), ArticleFig(id=1190958993708303091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190375274953937385, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

姜黄超临界萃取物中试生产结果表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Lot m(Delivery)/kg m(Extract)/kg Yield/% Curcumin content /mg·g-1 1) α-Curcumene content/mg·g-1 1)
1 100.00 10.00 10.00 0.87 3.44
2 100.00 9.21 9.21 1.00 3.73
3 295.10 25.67 8.69 1.06 4.05
RSD/% 7.09 9.94 8.16
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姜黄超临界CO2萃取工艺和解酒护肝作用研究
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龚吕东 1, 2 , 钟承志 1, 2 , 李婷 1, 2 , 汤泮泮 1, 2 , 颜宏 1, 2 , 资志达 1, 2 , 郭琰 1, 2 , 吴德松 1, 2 , 冯莉萍 1, 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(3): 257-265
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(3): 257-265
姜黄超临界CO2萃取工艺和解酒护肝作用研究
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龚吕东1, 2, 钟承志1, 2, 李婷1, 2, 汤泮泮1, 2, 颜宏1, 2, 资志达1, 2, 郭琰1, 2, 吴德松1, 2, 冯莉萍1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 云南省药物研究所, 昆明 650111
  • 2 云南省中药和民族药新药创制企业重点实验室, 昆明 650111
  • 龚吕东,男,本科,主管药师 研究方向:中药药效活性及机制和新药研究

通讯作者:

*冯莉萍,女,硕士,高级工程师 研究方向:中药及天然药物研究 Tel:(0871)68411027-8301
Supercritical CO2 Extraction Process of Curcuma longa L. and Its Effects on Alleviating Alcohol Intoxication and Protecting the Liver
Lüdong GONG1, 2, Chengzhi ZHONG1, 2, Ting LI1, 2, Panpan TANG1, 2, Hong YAN1, 2, Zhida ZI1, 2, Yan GUO1, 2, Desong WU1, 2, Liping FENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica, Kunming 650111, China
  • 2 Yunnan Province Company Key Laboratory for TCM and Ethnic Drug of New Drug Creation, Kunming 650111, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.03.008
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目的 研究姜黄的超临界CO2萃取工艺及其解酒护肝作用。方法 以萃取物得率、姜黄素和α-姜黄烯含量为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验设计对夹带剂加入量、萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、分离釜压力和温度等工艺参数进行优化,采用小鼠醉酒模型、大鼠醉酒模型和小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤模型评价姜黄超临界萃取物的解酒功效、途径和护肝作用。结果 姜黄超临界CO2萃取的最佳工艺为:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度55 ℃,加入药材重量1 倍的乙醇作为夹带剂,萃取时间2 h,分离釜压力与储罐压力一致,分离釜温度40 ℃,50 ℃减压回收乙醇。此外,姜黄超临界萃取物可以显著降低小鼠醉酒后的睡眠时间和醒酒实验(P<0.01),提高大鼠体内的乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH)平(P<0.01),还可以降低亚急性肝损伤模型小鼠的血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)和总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL)水平(P<0.01)。结论 本研究制备工艺萃取率高、稳定可行、制备的姜黄超临界萃取物具有较好的解酒功效和降低亚急性酒精性肝损伤作用。

姜黄  /  超临界CO2萃取  /  工艺优化  /  解酒功效  /  肝损伤

OBJECTIVE To explore the supercritical CO2 extraction process of Curcuma longa L. and its effects on alleviating alcohol intoxication and protecting the liver. METHODS The extraction yield, curcumin, and α-turmerone contents were used as evaluation indicator. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experimental designs were employed to optimize process parameters such as the amount of co-solvent, extraction pressure, extraction temperature, extraction time, separation vessel pressure, and temperature. The alcohol alleviating effects, pathways, and liver protection of Curcuma longa L. Supercritical CO2 extract were evaluated using mouse alcohol intoxication models, rat alcohol intoxication models, and mouse subacute alcohol-induced liver injury models. The results indicated that the optimal process for Curcuma longa L. RESULTS Supercritical CO2 extraction included: an extraction pressure of 30 MPa, extraction temperature of 55 ℃, using ethanol as a co-solvent at a weight equal to that of the medicinal material, an extraction time of 2 hours, maintaining consistent pressure in the separation vessel and storage tank, a separation vessel temperature of 40 ℃, and ethanol recovery through depressurization at 50 ℃. Furthermore, the supercritical extract significantly reduced the sleep time of mice after alcohol intoxication and improved their wake-up experiment (P<0.01), increased the ADH level in rats (P<0.01), and reduced the levels of TC, LDL-C, and TBIL in the serum of mice in the subacute liver injury model (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The preparation process developed in this study has a high extraction rate, is stable and feasible, and the supercritical CO2 extract produced exhibited good alcohol alleviating effects and reduces subacute alcohol-induced liver injury.

Curcuma longa L.  /  supercritical CO2 extraction  /  process optimization  /  alcohol-alleviating effect  /  liver damage
龚吕东, 钟承志, 李婷, 汤泮泮, 颜宏, 资志达, 郭琰, 吴德松, 冯莉萍. 姜黄超临界CO2萃取工艺和解酒护肝作用研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (3) : 257 -265 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.03.008
Lüdong GONG, Chengzhi ZHONG, Ting LI, Panpan TANG, Hong YAN, Zhida ZI, Yan GUO, Desong WU, Liping FENG. Supercritical CO2 Extraction Process of Curcuma longa L. and Its Effects on Alleviating Alcohol Intoxication and Protecting the Liver[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (3) : 257 -265 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.03.008
姜黄是姜科植物姜黄(Curcuma longa L.)干燥根茎[1],主产于我国四川、福建、广东、广西、云南、西藏等省区。《中国药典》2020年版[2]记载,姜黄性味辛、苦、温;归脾、肝经,具有破血行气、通经止痛的功效,用于胸胁刺痛、胸痹心痛、痛经经闭、癥瘕、风湿肩臂疼痛、跌扑肿痛等。现代研究发现[3-4],姜黄具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、调血脂、降血糖和解酒保肝等药理活性[5-6]。在日本,姜黄作为解酒药被开发利用时间较长,常见产品包括姜黄之力,Pillbox日本干杯丸解烈酒药姜黄素养肝护肝片等[7]。在我国,姜黄被列入药食同源目录,亦是目前解酒护肝类保健食品开发的主要原料之一[8]
姜黄中的主要活性成分为姜黄素类[9]与挥发油类,此外,还包括少量黄酮类和酚酸类成分[10]。据文献[11]预测,姜黄素类成分姜黄素、去甲氧基姜黄素、双去甲氧基姜黄素以及萜类成分芳姜黄酮、姜黄酮、姜黄烯、姜烯等为姜黄的中药质量标志物(quality marker,Q-marker)。药理研究发现[12-13],姜黄素可以通过抑制促炎细胞因子、脂质过氧化产物、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K) /蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,AKT)和肝星状细胞活化等细胞和分子机制对各种因素引起的肝损伤发挥显著的保护和治疗作用[14-16]。而姜黄的挥发油成分亦有对急性酒精性脂肪肝具有保护作用的报道[17-18]。可见,姜黄的主要成分均有很好的护肝作用。
姜黄中姜黄素提取方法众多,工艺流程各异,常用的有复合酶提取法、碱液提取法、有机溶剂提取法、超声提取法、超临界CO2萃取法、微波辅助萃取法等[19-20]。挥发油成分则多采用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO2萃取法、有机溶剂提取法等[21]提取。其中超临界CO2萃取技术近年来逐渐发展成熟,因具有纯净、安全、保持生物活性,得到的产品稳定性强、色味纯正及提取率高等优点,是一种极具发展潜力的提取分离方法[22-23]。本研究采用超临界CO2萃取技术对姜黄中的姜黄素和挥发油成分进行分离提取,以姜黄素作为姜黄素类成分的评价指标,α-姜黄烯作为挥发油类的评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验设计对姜黄超临界CO2萃取工艺的参数进行优化,同时对姜黄超临界CO2萃取物的解酒功效及作用途径进行研究,并对辅助治疗肝损伤功效进行探索,为其在食品和医药行业的充分开发利用提供理论依据。
健康SPF级KM小鼠250 只,6~8周龄,雄性,体质量20~24 g;健康SPF级SD大鼠50 只,8~10周龄,雄性,体质量210~230 g(斯贝福北京生物技术有限公司),许可证号:SCXK(京)2019-0010;实验动物使用许可证,SYXK(滇)K2022-0002,发证单位:昆明市科技局;实验动物经云南省药物研究所实验动物管理与使用委员会(IACUC)审查同意;动物饲料(北京科澳协力饲料有限公司);实验动物饲养温度为22~25 ℃,湿度40%~60%,12 h光照/黑暗循环的条件中。
姜黄药材(批号:20170215,云南金发药业有限公司)由云南省药物研究所天然药物化学研究室高级工程师冯莉萍按标准进行检验。
紫苏籽油(批号:20210410,河北家丰植物油有限公司);二锅头(批号:011532,北京红星股份有限公司);乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH,批号:E21017262)、乙醛脱氢酶(aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH,批号:D21017263) ELISA检测试剂盒(武汉华美生物);总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC,批号:20210707)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C,批号:20211028)检测试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所);总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL,批号:Z512225)检测试剂盒(美国贝克曼库尔特有限公司)。
超临界二氧化碳萃取装置(型号:HA220-40-48,南通市华安超临界萃取有限公司);Ultimate 3000型高效液相色谱仪(戴安中国有限公司);Agilent 6890N GC型色谱仪(北京安捷伦科技有限公司);ME 204型电子分析天平(上海Mettler Toledo公司);SK82000HP型超声波仪(上海科导超声仪器有限公司);JJ-2000型电子天平(常熟市双杰测试仪器厂);Practum224 SQP型电子分析天平(赛多利斯科学仪器北京有限公司);Multiskan GO型全波长酶标仪(美国Thermo 公司);Unicel Dxc600型全自动生化仪(美国贝克曼库尔特有限公司);3K15型台式冷冻高速离心机(德国Sigma 公司)。
称取姜黄饮片,粉碎,过2号筛,投入超临界萃取装置萃取缸中,设定萃取缸压力28 MPa,温度55 ℃;分离缸压力6 MPa,温度40 ℃;当温度压力达到设定值后,开始循环萃取并记取萃取开始时间,萃取时间为120 min;放出萃取液,石油醚萃取3次,合并石油醚层,50 ℃减压回收至无石油醚,即得样品1,提取率为3.2%。
称取姜黄饮片,粉碎,过2号筛,投入超临界萃取装置萃取缸中,萃取条件同上;当温度压力达到设定值后,缓慢加入乙醇作为夹带剂;开始循环萃取并记取萃取开始时间,萃取时间为2 h;放出萃取液,50 ℃减压回收乙醇,即得样品2,提取率为5.12%。
称取姜黄饮片,加入药材量12倍量的体积分数80%乙醇渗漉提取,渗滤液50 ℃减压回收,真空干燥,即得样品3,提取率为12.78%。
雄性KM种小鼠按体质量随机分为4 组,每组20 只,分别为空白对照组、姜黄超临界萃取物(样品1,0.27 g·kg-1·d-1)组、姜黄超临界萃取物(样品2,0.43 g·kg-1·d-1)组和姜黄醇提取物(样品3,1.06 g·kg-1·d-1)组。各给药组剂量设计均根据其提取率换算为姜黄生粉临床推荐量的4 倍剂量。各给药组按照相应剂量灌胃给药,每天1 次,连续7 d,空白对照组灌胃等量的紫苏籽油。
末次给药后30 min,各组小鼠均灌胃给予白酒(17 mL·kg-1,由预实验得出),以小鼠翻正反射消失作为睡眠(醉酒)指标,记录给酒时间,翻正反射消失时间及恢复时间,计算醉酒潜伏期(翻正反射消失时间-给酒时间)、睡眠时间(翻正反射恢复时间-翻正反射消失时间)和醒酒时间(翻正反射恢复时间-给酒时间)。其中醒酒时间是醉酒潜伏期和睡眠时间的综合体现。翻正反射消失时间超过2 h视为未醉,醉酒潜伏期记录为120 min,睡眠时间记录为0 min。翻正反射恢复时间超过9 h以540 min记录。
设定萃取压力为30 MPa,萃取温度55 ℃,分离釜温度40 ℃,分离釜压力与储罐压力一致,萃取压力达到30 MPa时,分别加入药材质量0、0.5、1、2 倍的体积分数95%乙醇作为夹带剂,萃取2 h,考察夹带剂对萃取物的影响。
选取萃取压力(MPa)、萃取温度(℃)、萃取时间(h)3个在萃取时可相互影响的因素,考察三者在交互情况下对萃取物的影响,按L9(34)正交表进行4因素3水平的正交试验设计,正交因素水平见表1。采用气相色谱法(gas chromatography,GC)测定α-姜黄烯含量,高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定姜黄素含量,以萃取物得率、α-姜黄烯和姜黄素含量为评价指标,采用综合评分进行数据分析,筛选最佳萃取工艺。
采用正交试验得出的最佳萃取条件,在此条件下考察分离釜压力4、6 MPa、分离1(8 MPa)与分离2(4 MPa)对萃取效果的影响。
采用正交试验得出的最佳萃取条件,在此条件下考察分离釜温度30、35、40 ℃对萃取效果的影响。
雄性KM种小鼠按体质量随机分为4 组,每组20 只,分别为空白对照组、姜黄超临界萃取物低剂量 ( 0.22   g · k g - 1 · d - 1)组、姜黄超临界萃取物中剂量(0.44 g·kg-1·d-1)组和姜黄超临界萃取物高剂量(0.88 g·kg-1·d-1)组。各给药组剂量设计均根据其提取率换算为姜黄生粉临床推荐量的2、4和8倍剂量。各给药组按照相应剂量灌胃给药,每天1 次,连续7 d,空白对照组灌胃等量的紫苏籽油。姜黄超临界萃取物的剂量设计依据和指标检测同“2.1”项。
雄性SD大鼠按体质量随机分为5 组,每组10 只,分别为正常对照组、模型对照组、姜黄超临界萃取物低剂量(0.06 g·kg-1·d-1)组、姜黄超临界萃取物中剂量(0.12 g·kg-1·d-1)组和姜黄超临界萃取物高剂量(0.24 g·kg-1·d-1)组。各给药组剂量设计均根据其提取率换算为姜黄生粉临床推荐量的1、2和4倍剂量。各给药组按照相应剂量灌胃给药,每天1 次,连续6 d,正常对照组和模型对照组灌胃等量的紫苏籽油。末次给药后30 min,除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠灌胃给予二锅头(15 mL·kg-1),灌酒后1 h,各组大鼠麻醉,并剪取部分肝脏左叶(200 mg)。将各组大鼠剪取的肝脏加入PBS溶液,冰上操作制备质量分数10%的匀浆液,4 ℃ 5 000 r·min-1离心5 min取上清,将上清液按照试剂盒说明书进行ADH和ALDH的检测。
依据文献[27-28]报道,建立小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤模型。雄性KM种小鼠按体质量随机分为6 组,每组15 只,分别为正常对照组、模型对照组、姜黄超临界萃取物极低剂量组(75 mg·kg-1·d-1)、姜黄超临界萃取物低剂量组(150 mg·kg-1·d-1)、姜黄超临界萃取物中剂量组(300 mg·kg-1·d-1)和姜黄超临界萃取物高剂量组(450 mg·kg-1·d-1)。各给药组剂量设计按照保健食品技术指导原则分别为姜黄人体推荐量的5、10、20和30倍剂量。各给药组按照相应剂量灌胃给药,每天1 次,连续30 d,正常对照组和模型对照组灌胃等量的紫苏籽油。模型对照组和各给药组于实验结束前14 d,每天经口灌胃给予体积分数40%的乙醇溶液,小鼠灌胃量为10 mL·kg-1。给药后间隔4 h以上再给予乙醇。实验结束前禁食4 h,摘眼球取血,进行血清中TC、LDL-C和TBIL的检测。
各组数据均以“均值±标准差($\bar{x}\pm s$)”表示。统计学分析采用SPSS 22软件进行处理,多组间比较应用单因素方差分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,并使用GraphPad Prism8软件进行绘图。
姜黄提取物制备结果显示:从姜黄素含量进行比较后发现,样品3 >样品2 >样品1,其中样品1和样品2均为超临界萃取物,样品3为姜黄的乙醇提取物,样品2较样品1增加了乙醇作为夹带剂,结果发现样品2的姜黄素含量明显高于样品1,说明超临界CO2萃取法不加入乙醇作为夹带剂,萃取的样品中姜黄素仅为0.1%左右,不能将姜黄素提取出来,见表2
进行姜黄不同提取物对小鼠饮酒后行为学指标(醉酒潜伏期、睡眠时间和醒酒时间)的考察,见图1。与空白对照组比较,样品2和样品3可以显著降低小鼠醉酒后的睡眠时间和醒酒时间(P<0.01),同时可以降低小鼠的醉倒只数(空白对照组、样品2组和样品3组的醉倒只数分别为15、7和9只)。结果表明,样品2和样品3均具有显著的解酒功效,结合样品制备后分析,姜黄素含量的高低可以影响姜黄提取物的解酒功效,也进一步确定在进行姜黄超临界CO2萃取过程中需要加入乙醇作为夹带剂,以便更好提取姜黄素成分。
从姜黄素、夹带剂的本身性质,二者的匹配性,国家法规及生产安全性方面考虑,乙醇是姜黄素CO2萃取工艺的最优夹带剂。首先,基于姜黄素类化合物的溶解性,甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯等有机溶剂是其适宜的提取溶剂;其次,针对姜黄素而言,其分子结构中两端具有两个羟基,还含有两个邻甲基化的酚以及一个主要是以烯醇式存在的β-二酮,超临界CO2的萃取效率较低,使用甲醇、乙醇等极性与之匹配且能形成氢键的夹带剂,可以显著提高姜黄素萃取能力;第三,依据国家对于生产工艺研究的技术指导原则,提取溶剂应尽量避免选择使用毒性较大的一、二类有机溶剂,甲醇属于二类溶剂,乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯均属于三类溶剂,但乙醇是三者中毒性最小的提取溶剂。最后,基于有机试剂的闪点,在工业生产中,乙醇是具有更好生产安全性和低级别防爆需求的生产助剂。
姜黄超临界萃取物得率、α-姜黄烯、姜黄素含量均随着夹带剂加入量增大而增大,但增加趋势较为平缓(表3),结合生产成本和生产设备综合考虑,选择夹带剂加入量为药材质量∶夹带剂体积=1∶1较为适宜。
此外,萃取液中主要为挥发性成分和姜黄素类,夹带剂回收时温度控制不当可能造成成分的破坏,因此考察了不同温度对萃取液主要成分的影响,由表4可见,萃取液在40~60 ℃之间稳定性较好,主要成分未发生改变。一般工业生产时,乙醇在减压情况下50 ℃左右可以顺利回收。因此选择在(50±2) ℃温度下减压回收乙醇,可顺利回收乙醇,经GC检测回收乙醇后的萃取物,其乙醇残留可以达到药典要求,因此选择(50±2) ℃减压回收作为回收夹带剂的方式。
选择萃取压力(MPa)、萃取温度(℃)、萃取时间(h)3个在萃取时可相互影响的因素进行L9(34)正交试验,正交试验和方差分析结果见表5~6。3个因素对姜黄素和α-姜黄烯含量以及萃取得率的影响顺序为:萃取压力(MPa)>萃取时间(h)>萃取温度(℃)。超临界CO2萃取工艺正交试验的最佳组合为A3B3C2,次佳工艺为A2B2C3,考虑夹带剂加入需要的时间,结合实际生产的可行性和能源、人力、消耗成本等方面考虑,优选A3B3C3为姜黄超临界萃取物萃取工艺,即萃取压力为30 MPa,萃取温度为55 ℃,萃取时间为2 h。
当分离釜压力升高时,萃取物得率,姜黄素和α-姜黄烯含量均呈下降趋势(表7),说明分离釜压力越大越难形成有效分离,当分离釜压力达到8 MPa时,分离釜I无法将临界状态CO2与萃取物分离,到分离釜Ⅱ中才能有效分离,分离釜I、Ⅱ压力与储罐压力(4.3~5 MPa)一致时,萃取物在分离釜I就达到较好分离效果,极少量的萃取物会经过分离釜Ⅱ,因此,分离釜压力选择与储罐压力保持一致较为适宜。
分离釜设定为40 ℃时,萃取物得率、姜黄素及α-姜黄烯含量均较高(表8),考虑到超临界CO2萃取设备的操作安全,分离釜温度一般不超过40 ℃,因此选择分离釜压力为40 ℃较为适宜。
依据以上工艺参数优化结果,确定最佳提取工艺路线及参数如下:取姜黄粉碎,过2号筛,投入超临界萃取装置萃取缸中,密封后开启装置;设定萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度55 ℃,分离釜压力与储罐压力一致,分离釜温度40 ℃;当温度压力达到设定值后,缓慢加入药材重量1 倍的乙醇作为夹带剂;开始循环萃取并记取萃取开始时间,萃取时间为2 h;放出萃取液,50 ℃减压回收乙醇,即得。采用确定的工艺路线,在实验室进行了3批小试规模的验证研究,结果见表9,超临界CO2萃取姜黄药材最佳工艺平行处理的3组试验中,其萃取得率、姜黄素和α-姜黄烯含量差别不大。由此可知,所确定的最佳提取工艺稳定,具有可行性。
通过对比小试和生产设备的适用性,对小试工艺参数进行了适当调整:粉碎过2号筛是依据药典筛制定,生产上均采用目数进行粒度控制,粉碎粒度控制在10~20目筛即可;在实际生产过程中可能会有±2 MPa的波动,为确保设备安全运行压力一般不超过30 MPa,萃取压力设置为28 MPa即可;小试时因设备原因CO2的流量是无法控制的,并未对CO2的流量进行相应的考察,依据实际中试生产经验,CO2流量一般控制在2~4 m3·h-1较为适宜。在调整以上工艺路线及参数后在开平健之源保健食品有限公司进行了中试规模生产研究,相关生产数据见表10。从中试结果看,该工艺能适应现有设备的生产要求,3批中试产品得率在10%范围内,含量指标在30%范围内波动,且质量均符合质量标准草案要求,说明生产工艺稳定、可行。
对姜黄超临界CO2萃取物的解酒功效进行验证,结果见图2,与空白对照组比较,姜黄超临界CO2萃取物可以显著降低小鼠醉酒后的睡眠时间和醒酒时间,提示该姜黄超临界CO2萃取物具有较好的解酒功效。
酒精由消化道吸收,主要在肝脏代谢(90%~98%)。酒精在人体内的分解代谢主要依赖于肝脏酶系统中的两种酶:一种是ADH,另一种是ALDH,也是公认的乙醇代谢的主要途径[29]。醉酒是酒精在体内的吸收率大于氧化代谢率,较多的乙醇经血液循环进入大脑并作用于中枢神经系统。同时,酒精代谢生成的大量乙醛无法得到及时处理而在体内蓄积。因此,解酒原理一方面应降低酒精在消化道内的吸收速度和增加在胃内的代谢,增强肝脏内ADH的活性,加快乙醇在肝脏内的代谢,快速缓解醉酒状态;增强肝脏内的ALDH的活性,减少乙醛在肝脏内的蓄积,减轻乙醛对肝脏的细胞毒作用[30-31]
对姜黄超临界CO2萃取物的解酒途径进行研究,结果见图3,与模型对照组比较,姜黄超临界CO2萃取物可以显著提高大鼠肝脏中的ADH水平,对ALDH水平无显著影响,提示姜黄超临界CO2萃取物可能通过提高ADH活性,加快乙醇的代谢而发挥解酒功效。
采用小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤模型对姜黄超临界CO2萃取物的护肝作用进行研究。结果见图4,小鼠造模前灌胃给药15 d,此后同时灌胃给药及体积分数40%乙醇15 d后,模型对照组与空白对照组比较,血清中TC、LDL-C和TBIL水平均显著升高,提示模型建立成功。与模型对照组比较,黄超临界CO2萃取物各剂量组小鼠血清中TC和TBIL水平显著降低,低剂量组和中剂量组小鼠血清中LDL-C水平显著降低,提示姜黄超临界CO2萃取物具有较好的护肝作用。
本研究通过单因素试验和正交试验设计对姜黄超临界CO2萃取工艺进行研究,得到最佳工艺路线及参数:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度55 ℃,分离釜压力与储罐压力一致,分离釜温度40 ℃,当温度压力达到设定值后,缓慢加入药材重量1 倍的乙醇作为夹带剂;开始循环萃取并记取萃取开始时间,萃取时间为2 h,放出萃取液,50 ℃减压回收乙醇,即得。通过对最佳工艺提取的姜黄超临界萃取物解酒功效验证,解酒途径分析和护肝作用研究发现,该姜黄超临界萃取物可以显著降低小鼠醉酒后的睡眠时间和醒酒实验,提高大鼠体内的ADH水平,具有较好的解酒功效,还可以降低亚急性肝损伤模型小鼠的血清中TC、LDL-C和TBIL水平,具有很好的护肝功效。本研究为姜黄超临界CO2萃取物的食品和药品的开发提供了一定的理论依据,且具有较好的应用前景。
  • 云南特色植物筛选与研发服务CXO平台建设项目资助(2022YKZY001)
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2025年第60卷第3期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.03.008
  • 接收时间:2024-08-12
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-12
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云南特色植物筛选与研发服务CXO平台建设项目资助(2022YKZY001)
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    1 云南省药物研究所, 昆明 650111
    2 云南省中药和民族药新药创制企业重点实验室, 昆明 650111

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*冯莉萍,女,硕士,高级工程师 研究方向:中药及天然药物研究 Tel:(0871)68411027-8301
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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