Article(id=1190375271887897589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190375270847710190, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)03-0223-11, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.03.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1718121600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761737180921, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1738944000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761737180921, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761737180921, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761737180921, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190375270847710190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='3', pageStart='209', pageEnd='312', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761737180673, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761793989024, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190613542412890252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190375270847710190, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190613542412890253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190375270847710190, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=223, endPage=233, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190375272055669752, articleId=1190375271887897589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Chemical Composition of Different Polar Sites of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of different polar parts of Allii macrostemonis Bulbus. METHODS The chemical constituents in Allii macrostemonis Bulbus were isolated and purified by extraction, silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase silica (ODS) column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The compounds were structurally characterized by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of each of the compound was determined in vitro using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH·) and the 2,2'-amino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulfonate-6) ammonium salt radical (ABTS·) scavenging method. RESULTS Twenty-four compounds were isolated from Allii macrostemonis Bulbus. Two compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction and identified as oleic acid (1) and dodecanoic acid (2). Five compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and identified as kaempferol (3), isorhamnetin (4), oleanolic acid (5), sarsasapogenin (6), and tigogenin (7). Sixteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction and identified as (+)-catechin (8), quercetin (9), harpagide (10), magnoflorine (11), synephrine (12), gallic acid (13), syringin (14), thymidine (15), guanosine (16), β-sitosterol (17), stigmasterol (18), daucosterol (19), dibutyl phthalate (20), L-tryptophan (21), respectively, 7,7'-bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-8,8'-dihydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (22), and polianthoside B (23). One compound, betaine (24), was isolated from the aqueous fraction. The in vitro antioxidant results showed that compound 9 had the strongest scavenging ability for DPPH· and ABTS·, with IC50 values of (0.32±0.11) mg·mL-1 and (0.03±0.02) mg·mL-1, respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 2-5, 8-12, 20 and 22-24 are isolated from this plant for the first time, with compounds 22 and 23 being isolated for the first time from Liliaceae family.

, correspAuthors=Jing ZHANG, Lulu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jianfa WU, Ying CUI, Weixing DING, Rui DONG, Leiling SHI, Jing ZHANG, Lulu WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1190375312853663907, articleId=1190375271887897589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=薤白不同极性部位的化学成分研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究薤白不同极性部位的化学成分。方法 通过萃取法、硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶(ODS)柱色谱、半制备高效液相等分离技术对薤白中的化学成分进行分离纯化,并采用高分辨电喷雾质谱和核磁共振波谱(NMR)等技术对化合物进行结构鉴定;同时,利用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)和2,2'-氨基-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉磺酸-6)铵盐自由基(ABTS·)清除法测定各化合物的体外抗氧化活性。结果 从薤白中分离得到24个化合物,其中,石油醚部位2个,分别鉴定为:油酸(1)和月桂酸(2);二氯甲烷部位5个,分别鉴定为山柰素(3)、异鼠李素(4)、齐墩果酸(5)、菝葜皂苷元(6)和替告皂苷元(7);正丁醇部位16个,分别鉴定为(+)-儿茶素(8)、槲皮苷(9)、哈巴苷(10)、木兰花碱(11)、辛弗林(12)、没食子酸(13)、紫丁香苷(14)、胸苷(15)、鸟苷(16)、β-谷甾醇(17)、豆甾醇(18)、胡萝卜苷(19)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(20)、L-色氨酸(21)、7,7'-双-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-8,8'-二羟甲基-四氢呋喃-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(22)和晚香玉苷B(23);水部位1个,鉴定为甜菜碱(24)。体外抗氧化结果显示,化合物9对DPPH·和ABTS·的清除能力最强,IC50分别为(0.32±0.11) mg·mL-1和(0.03±0.02) mg·mL-1结论 化合物2~5、8~12、20和22~24均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物22和23首次从百合科植物中分离得到。

, correspAuthors=张晶, 王露露, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张晶,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与作用机制 Tel:(0431)84533358;
王露露,女,博士,副教授 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与作用机制
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武建发,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药化学

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武建发,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药化学

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武建发,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药化学

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薤白不同极性部位的化学成分研究
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武建发 1, 2 , 崔颖 1 , 丁卫星 1 , 董蕊 1, 2 , 石磊岭 3 , 张晶 1, 2, * , 王露露 4, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(3): 223-233
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(3): 223-233
薤白不同极性部位的化学成分研究
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武建发1, 2, 崔颖1, 丁卫星1, 董蕊1, 2, 石磊岭3, 张晶1, 2, *, 王露露4, *
作者信息
  • 1 吉林农业大学中药材学院,长春 130118
  • 2 吉林省道地药材开发利用国际联合研究中心, 长春 130118
  • 3 新疆维吾尔自治区中药民族药研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830092
  • 4 长春科技学院医药学院, 长春 130600
  • 武建发,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药化学

通讯作者:

*张晶,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与作用机制 Tel:(0431)84533358;
王露露,女,博士,副教授 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与作用机制
Chemical Composition of Different Polar Sites of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus
Jianfa WU1, 2, Ying CUI1, Weixing DING1, Rui DONG1, 2, Leiling SHI3, Jing ZHANG1, 2, *, Lulu WANG4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
  • 2 Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun 130118, China
  • 3 Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830092, China
  • 4 School of Medicine, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
出版时间: 2025-02-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.03.003
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目的 研究薤白不同极性部位的化学成分。方法 通过萃取法、硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶(ODS)柱色谱、半制备高效液相等分离技术对薤白中的化学成分进行分离纯化,并采用高分辨电喷雾质谱和核磁共振波谱(NMR)等技术对化合物进行结构鉴定;同时,利用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)和2,2'-氨基-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉磺酸-6)铵盐自由基(ABTS·)清除法测定各化合物的体外抗氧化活性。结果 从薤白中分离得到24个化合物,其中,石油醚部位2个,分别鉴定为:油酸(1)和月桂酸(2);二氯甲烷部位5个,分别鉴定为山柰素(3)、异鼠李素(4)、齐墩果酸(5)、菝葜皂苷元(6)和替告皂苷元(7);正丁醇部位16个,分别鉴定为(+)-儿茶素(8)、槲皮苷(9)、哈巴苷(10)、木兰花碱(11)、辛弗林(12)、没食子酸(13)、紫丁香苷(14)、胸苷(15)、鸟苷(16)、β-谷甾醇(17)、豆甾醇(18)、胡萝卜苷(19)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(20)、L-色氨酸(21)、7,7'-双-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-8,8'-二羟甲基-四氢呋喃-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(22)和晚香玉苷B(23);水部位1个,鉴定为甜菜碱(24)。体外抗氧化结果显示,化合物9对DPPH·和ABTS·的清除能力最强,IC50分别为(0.32±0.11) mg·mL-1和(0.03±0.02) mg·mL-1结论 化合物2~5、8~12、20和22~24均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物22和23首次从百合科植物中分离得到。

薤白  /  不同极性部位  /  百合科  /  黄酮  /  甾体

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of different polar parts of Allii macrostemonis Bulbus. METHODS The chemical constituents in Allii macrostemonis Bulbus were isolated and purified by extraction, silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase silica (ODS) column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The compounds were structurally characterized by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of each of the compound was determined in vitro using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH·) and the 2,2'-amino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulfonate-6) ammonium salt radical (ABTS·) scavenging method. RESULTS Twenty-four compounds were isolated from Allii macrostemonis Bulbus. Two compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction and identified as oleic acid (1) and dodecanoic acid (2). Five compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and identified as kaempferol (3), isorhamnetin (4), oleanolic acid (5), sarsasapogenin (6), and tigogenin (7). Sixteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction and identified as (+)-catechin (8), quercetin (9), harpagide (10), magnoflorine (11), synephrine (12), gallic acid (13), syringin (14), thymidine (15), guanosine (16), β-sitosterol (17), stigmasterol (18), daucosterol (19), dibutyl phthalate (20), L-tryptophan (21), respectively, 7,7'-bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-8,8'-dihydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (22), and polianthoside B (23). One compound, betaine (24), was isolated from the aqueous fraction. The in vitro antioxidant results showed that compound 9 had the strongest scavenging ability for DPPH· and ABTS·, with IC50 values of (0.32±0.11) mg·mL-1 and (0.03±0.02) mg·mL-1, respectively. CONCLUSION Compounds 2-5, 8-12, 20 and 22-24 are isolated from this plant for the first time, with compounds 22 and 23 being isolated for the first time from Liliaceae family.

Allii macrostemonis Bulbus  /  different polar site  /  liliaceae  /  flavonoid  /  steroid
武建发, 崔颖, 丁卫星, 董蕊, 石磊岭, 张晶, 王露露. 薤白不同极性部位的化学成分研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (3) : 223 -233 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.03.003
Jianfa WU, Ying CUI, Weixing DING, Rui DONG, Leiling SHI, Jing ZHANG, Lulu WANG. Chemical Composition of Different Polar Sites of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (3) : 223 -233 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.03.003
薤白是一种传统的理气药,《中国药典》2020年版一部中规定薤白的两种基源植物为小根蒜(Allium macrostemon Bunge)或薤(Allium chinense G. Don.)[1]。2002年,薤白被列为第一批药食同源类药材。作为药物,薤白具有通阳散结,行气导滞之功,为治疗“胸痹心痛”之要药;作为食品,薤白为五辛之一,可以用来制作泡菜、煮粥、熬汤等,亦可直接食用。随着大众对食品药品安全意识的提升,薤白作为一种药食同源的植物备受瞩目。天然产物化学研究表明[2],薤白中主要含有挥发油、甾体皂苷类、苯丙素类、黄酮类、多糖和含氮化合物等成分,其中挥发油和甾体皂苷是其主要药效成分。现代药理学研究显示[3],薤白具有抗血小板聚集、抗炎、抗氧化、抗血管内皮病变、平喘和抗癌等多种药理活性。以薤白为基础开发的中成药,包括血滞通胶囊、镇心痛口服液和痛泻宁颗粒等,已被用于临床上治疗高脂血症、冠心病、心绞痛和腹痛腹泻等病症[2]
尽管近年来薤白的研究成果斐然,但其质量标志物仍未明确。为更好地阐明薤白的药效物质基础,推动薤白质量标志物的发掘,以提升药材整体标准的制订,明确其特征性品质评价指标准,本研究对薤白的不同极性部位进行了系统分离,纯化出24个化合物,分别鉴定为油酸(oleic acid,1)、月桂酸(dodecanoic acid,2)、山柰素(kaempferol,3)、异鼠李素(isorhamnetin,4)、齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,5)、菝葜皂苷元(sarsasapogenin,6)、替告皂苷元(tigogenin,7)、(+)-儿茶素[(+)-catechin,8]、槲皮苷(quercetin,9)、哈巴苷(harpagide,10)、木兰花碱(magnoflorine,11)、辛弗林(synephrine,12)、没食子酸(gallic acid,13)、紫丁香苷(syringin,14)、胸苷(thymidine,15)、鸟苷(guanosine,16)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,17)、豆甾醇(stigmasterol,18)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,19)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,20)、L-色氨酸(L-tryptophan,21)、7,7'-双-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-8,8'-二羟甲基-四氢呋喃-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[7,7'-bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-8,8'-dihydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,22]、晚香玉苷B(polianthoside B,23)和甜菜碱(betaine,24),结构式见图1。其中,化合物2~5、8~12、20和22~24均为首次从该植物中分离得到。
Bruker AV Ⅲ 600核磁共振波谱仪(德国Bruker公司);LYO QUEST-55真空冷冻干燥机(西班牙Telstar公司);LTQ-Orbitrap XL高分辨电喷雾质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司);Eclassical P3500半制备型高效液相色谱仪(大连依利特分析仪器有限公司);N-1300D旋转蒸发仪(日本EYELA公司);KQ5200DB数控超声波清洗仪(昆山超声波仪器有限公司);PL303电子分析天平(瑞士Mettler Toledo公司);色谱柱为COSMOSIL 5C18-MS-Ⅱ型色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm,日本Nacalai Tesque公司);100~200、200~300和300~400目柱层析硅胶(青岛海洋化工有限公司);50 μm ODS-A-HG C18填料(日本YMC公司);薄层硅胶G254(青岛海洋化工有限公司);分析级甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、石油醚、环己烷、硫酸、盐酸、冰醋酸、维生素C(vitamin C,VC)、2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)、高硫酸钾和2,2'-氨基-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉磺酸-6)铵盐[ABTS](北京化工厂);色谱级甲醇和乙腈(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司);分析级α-萘酚、镁粉、碘化铋钾、乙酸酐、茚三酮和对二甲氨基苯甲醛(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司)。
实验用薤白购于长春中药材市场,经吉林农业大学张晶教授鉴定为百合科(Liliaceae)葱属(Allium)植物小根蒜(Allium macrostemon Bunge)的干燥鳞茎。标本(20210971)保存于吉林农业大学中药材学院中药化学研究室。
将3.0 kg薤白粉碎后过40目筛,以固液比1∶5加石油醚(60~90 ℃)浸泡1 h,室温下100 W超声辅助提取30 min,抽滤,重复6次,合并石油醚提取液,35 ℃减压浓缩至无醚味后即得石油醚提取物(5.11 g)。将石油醚提取后的药材残渣按固液比1∶5,加入体积分数80%的乙醇溶液浸泡1 h,100 W超声辅助提取30 min,抽滤,重复6次,合并滤液,35 ℃减压浓缩至无醇味后,冻干即得薤白体积分数80%乙醇提取物(1 401.22 g)。将薤白体积分数80%乙醇提取物(1 000 g)加水分散,依次使用石油醚、二氯甲烷和正丁醇萃取,每种溶剂分别萃取3次,分别合并各萃取液,35 ℃减压浓缩至无溶剂气味后,分别冻干即得薤白石油醚萃取部位(2.46 g)、二氯甲烷萃取部位(2.87 g)、正丁醇萃取部位(27.56)和水部位(923.11 g)。取石油醚萃取物(2.46 g)进行柱层析(200~300目),以环己烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶0~1∶4)梯度洗脱,经薄层色谱(TLC)检测,共得到3个流分Fr. 1.1~3。其中Fr. 1.2经柱层析(200~300目),以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(9∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,得到4个洗脱部分(Fr.1.2.1~4)。Fr. 1.2.2经柱层析(300~400目),以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(15∶1)等度洗脱,得到化合物1(10.11 mg),Fr. 1.2.4经甲醇重结晶得到化合物2(7.31 mg)。取二氯甲烷萃取物(2.87 g)进行柱层析(100~200目),以二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(15∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,经TLC检测,共得到5个流分Fr. 2.1~5。其中Fr. 2.2经柱层析(200~300目),以二氯甲烷-甲醇(9∶1~4∶1)梯度洗脱,得到4个洗脱部分(Fr. 2.2.1~4);Fr. 2.2.3经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(13∶7)洗脱,得到化合物3(5.17 mg)。Fr. 2.3经半制备液相,以甲醇-水(2∶3)等度洗脱,得到化合物4(4.57 mg,tR=35.2 min)。Fr. 2.5经柱层析(200~300目),以二氯甲烷-甲醇(3∶0.1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,得到4个洗脱部分(Fr. 2.5.1~4);Fr. 2.5.2经ODS柱层析,乙腈-水(4∶1)等度洗脱,得化合物6(15.54 mg);Fr. 2.5.3经ODS柱层析,以乙腈-水(4∶1)等度洗脱,得到化合物7(12.43 mg);Fr. 2.5.4经甲醇重结晶得到化合物5(5.33 mg)。正丁醇萃取物(27.56 g)进行柱层析(200~300目),以二氯甲烷-甲醇-水(5∶2∶1~13∶8∶2)梯度洗脱,经TLC检测,共得到12个流分Fr. 3.1~12。其中Fr. 3.2经柱层析(300~400目),以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(20∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得到4个洗脱部分(Fr. 3.2.1~4);Fr. 3.2.1经甲醇重结晶得化合物19(15.67 mg);Fr. 3.2.2经甲醇重结晶得到化合物15(7.22 mg);Fr. 3.2.3经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(1∶9~3∶7)梯度洗脱,得化合物18(54.32 mg);Fr. 3.2.4经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(1∶9~3∶7)梯度洗脱,得到化合物17(56.48 mg)。Fr. 3.3经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(1∶9~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得到5个洗脱部分(Fr. 3.3.1~5);Fr. 3.3.1经柱层析(300~400目),以二氯甲烷-甲醇(5∶1)等度洗脱,得到3个洗脱部分(Fr. 3.3.1.1~3);Fr. 3.3.1.1经半制备液相,以甲醇-水(13∶7)等度洗脱,得到化合物8(5.11 mg,tR=6.2 min);Fr. 3.3.1.2经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(1∶4~7∶3)等度洗脱,得到化合物9(4.32 mg);Fr. 3.3.1.3经甲醇重结晶得到化合物13(5.46 mg);Fr. 3.3.2经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(1∶4~2∶3)梯度洗脱,得到化合物14(22.61 mg);Fr. 3.3.4经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(2∶3~3∶2)梯度洗脱,得到化合物23(23.37 mg)。Fr. 3.8经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(1∶4~7∶3)梯度洗脱,得到化合物22(8.16 mg)。Fr. 3.9经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(7∶13)等度洗脱,得到化合物20(16.76 mg)。Fr. 3.10经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(7∶13)等度洗脱,得到化合物10(3.13 mg)和化合物16(7.22 mg)。Fr. 3.11经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(3∶17)等度洗脱,得到化合物11(3.17 mg)。Fr. 3.12经300~400目柱层析硅胶,以乙酸乙酯-丙酮(4∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得到化合物12(3.41 mg)和化合物21(16.42 mg)。取水部位(923.11 g)以savage法[4]除去其中的蛋白质,并用体积分数90%的乙醇沉淀多糖,将除杂后部分(8.13 g)经ODS柱层析,以甲醇-水(3∶17~3∶7)梯度洗脱,得到4个洗脱部分(Fr.4.1~4),Fr. 4.1经半制备液相,以乙腈-水(3∶7)等度洗脱,得到化合物24(4.21 mg,tR=16.4 min)。
化合物1:无色油状液体,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:283.265 5[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C18H34O2。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,chloroform-d)δH 5.35(2H,m,H-9,10),2.34(2H,t,J=7.56 Hz,H-2),2.02(4H,m,H-8,11),1.63(2H,m,H-3),1.25~1.37(20H,m,H-4~7,12~17),0.89(3H,m,H-18)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,chloroform-d)δC 180.54(C-1),34.13(C-2),24.66(C-3),29.09(C-4),29.79(C-5),29.69(C-6),29.37(C-7),27.23(C-8),127.90(C-9),130.00(C-10),27.16(C-11),29.17(C-12),29.60(C-13),29.55(C-14),29.05(C-15),31.93(C-16),22.60(C-17),14.09(C-18),核磁数据通过与文献[5]报道对比,鉴定化合物1为油酸。
化合物2:白色结晶性粉末(甲醇),正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:201.187 5[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C12H24O2。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,pyridine-d5)δH 2.15(2H,t,J=8.40 Hz,H-2),1.43(2H,m,H-3),1.25~1.34(16H,m,H-4~11),0.88(3H,t,J=6.72 Hz,H-12)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,pyridine-d5)δC 178.28(C-1),34.41(C-2),32.61(C-3),30.53(C-4),30.48(C-5),30.42(C-6),30.41(C-7),30.28(C-8),30.10(C-9),24.43(C-10),23.43(C-11),14.78(C-12),核磁数据通过与文献[6]报道对比,鉴定化合物2为月桂酸。
化合物3:黄色粉末,HCl-Mg反应为阳性,Molish反应为阴性,提示该化合物可能为黄酮类化合物。正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:287.056 6[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C15H10O6。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,DMSO-d6)在低场区提示存在4个烯氢质子信号δH 6.16(1H,d,J=2.04 Hz,H-6),6.41(1H,d,J=2.04 Hz,H-8),8.01(1H,dd,J=6.84,2.10 Hz,H-2',6'),6.89(2H,dd,J=6.84,2.10 Hz,H-3',5')和4个羟基质子信号δH 10.78(1H,s,3-OH),12.46(1H,s,5-OH),9.40(1H,s,7-OH),10.10(1H,s,4'-OH)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δC146.82(C-2),135.70(C-3),175.94(C-4),160.73(C-5),98.22(C-6),163.91(C-7),93.50(C-8),156.19(C-9),103.06(C-10),121.69(C-1'),129.54(C-2',6'),115.47(C-3',5'),159.22(C-4'),核磁数据通过与文献[7]报道对比,鉴定化合物3为山柰素。
化合物4:黄色粉末,HCl-Mg反应为阳性,Molish反应为阴性,提示该化合物可能为黄酮类化合物。正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:317.065 4[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C16H12O7。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,DMSO-d6)在低场区提示存在5个烯氢质子信号δH 6.19(1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-6),6.48(1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-8),7.75(1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-2'),6.94(1H,d,J = 8.5 Hz,H-5'),7.69(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.1 Hz,H-6')和4个羟基质子信号δH 9.77(1H,s,3-OH),12.47(1H,s,5-OH),10.79(1H,s,7-OH),9.47(1H,s,4'-OH);高场区提示存在1个甲氧基质子信号δH 3.36(3H,s,3'-OCH3)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δC 147.37(C-2),135.86(C-3),175.90(C-4),160.70(C-5),98.23(C-6),163.94(C-7),93.62(C-8),156.17(C-9),103.04(C-10),121.98(C-1'),111.65(C-2'),148.81(C-3'),146.63(C-4'),115.55(C-5'),121.73(C-6'),55.75(OCH3),核磁数据通过与文献[8]报道对比,鉴定化合物4为异鼠李素。
化合物5:白色结晶性粉末(甲醇),Molish反应为阴性,Liebermann-Burchard反应为阳性,与体积分数10%的(浓H2SO4-EtOH)溶液于薄层硅胶板上加热后,呈现棕红色,提示该化合物可能为三萜类化合物。正离子ESI-MS得其m/z为:479.354 4[M+Na]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C30H48O3。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,methanol-d4)在高场区提示存在6个甲基质子信号δH 0.94(3H,s,23-CH3),0.90(3H,s,24-CH3),0.78(3H,s,25-CH3),0.74(3H,s,26-CH3),1.13(3H,s,27-CH3),0.91(3H,s,29-CH3),0.87(3H,s,30-CH3);5.21(1H,t,J=3.60 Hz,H-12),3.11 (1H,dd,J=11.52,4.74 Hz,H-3),2.81 (1H,dd,J=13.92,4.14 Hz,H-18)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,methanol-d4)δC 39.82(C-1),27.86(C-2),79.70(C-3),39.84(C-4),56.75(C-5),19.50(C-6),33.57(C-7),40.54(C-8),48.65(C-9),38.16(C-10),23.97(C-11),123.64(C-12),145.21(C-13),42.87(C-14),28.73(C-15),24.04(C-16),47.24(C-17),42.72(C-18),47.63(C-19),31.62(C-20),34.88(C-21),33.82(C-22),28.83(C-23),15.89(C-24),16.32(C-25),17.71(C-26),26.39(C-27),181.89(C-28),24.52(C-29),34.00(C-30),核磁数据通过与文献[9]报道对比,鉴定化合物5为齐墩果酸。
化合物6:白色无定形粉末,Molish反应为阴性,Liebermann-Burchard反应为阳性,与E试反应为阴性,与10%的浓H2SO4-EtOH于薄层硅胶板上加热后,呈现紫红色,提示该化合物可能为螺甾烷醇型化合物。正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:439.320 1[M+Na]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C27H44O3。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,chloroform-d)在高场区提示存在4个甲基质子信号δH 0.75(3H,s,18-CH3),0.97(3H,s,19-CH3),1.07(3H,d,J=7.08 Hz,21-CH3),0.99(3H,d,J=6.90 Hz,27-CH3);4.11(1H,brs,H-3),4.40(1H,q,J=7.32 Hz,H-16),3.95(1H,dd,J=10.98,2.64 Hz,H-26a),3.30(1H,d,J=10.98 Hz,H-26b)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,chloroform-d)δC 30.07(C-1),27.20(C-2),67.25(C-3),31.87(C-4),36.65(C-5),26.68(C-6),26.66(C-7),35.39(C-8),40.43(C-9),35.40(C-10),21.02(C-11),40.80(C-12),41.72(C-13),56.59(C-14),33.65(C-15),81.15(C-16),62.18(C-17),16.65(C-18),24.06(C-19),42.23(C-20),14.49(C-21),109.89(C-22),26.06(C-23),25.89(C-24),27.93(C-25),65.28(C-26),16.18(C-27),核磁数据通过与文献[10]报道对比,鉴定化合物6为菝葜皂苷元。
化合物7:白色无定形粉末,Molish反应为阴性,Liebermann-Burchard反应为阳性,与E试反应为阴性,与体积分数10%的浓H2SO4-EtOH于薄层硅胶板上加热后,呈现紫红色,提示该化合物可能为螺甾烷醇型化合物。正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:417.338 5[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C27H44O3。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,chloroform-d)在高场区提示存在4个甲基质子信号δH 0.76(3H,s,18-CH3),0.81(3H,s,19-CH3),0.95(3H,d,J=7.02 Hz,21-CH3),0.79(3H,d,J=6.36 Hz,27-CH3);δH 3.58(1H,m,H-3),4.38(1H,q,J=7.38 Hz,H-16),3.47(1H,m,H-26a),3.37(1H,t,J=10.98 Hz,H-26b)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,chloroform-d)δC37.08(C-1),32.37(C-2),71.44(C-3),38.32(C-4),44.94(C-5),28.73(C-6),31.90(C-7),35.23(C-8),54.46(C-9),35.70(C-10),21.19(C-11),40.19(C-12),40.69(C-13),56.43(C-14),31.62(C-15),80.99(C-16),62.28(C-17),16.65(C-18),12.50(C-19),41.73(C-20),14.65(C-21),109.41(C-22),31.49(C-23),28.92(C-24),30.43(C-25),66.98(C-26),17.29(C-27),核磁数据通过与文献[11]报道对比,鉴定化合物7为替告皂苷元。
化合物8:白色无定形粉末,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:291.081 3[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C15H14O6。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,methanol-d4)在低场区提示存在5个烯氢质子信号δH 5.88(1H,d,J=2.28 Hz,H-6),5.80(1H,d,J=2.28 Hz,H-8),6.79(1H,d,J=1.98 Hz,H-2'),6.71(1H,d,J=8.10 Hz,H-5'),6.67(1H,dd,J=8.40,1.98 Hz,H-6');δH 4.51(1H,d,J=7.50 Hz,H-2),3.93(1H,m,H-3),2.45(1H,dd,J=16.08,8.16 Hz,H-4a),2.80(1H,dd,J=16.08,5.40 Hz,H-4b)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,methanol-d4)δC 82.86(C-2),68.81(C-3),28.54(C-4),157.84(C-5),96.23(C-6),157.59(C-7),95.45(C-8),156.92(C-9),100.78(C-10),132.19(C-1'),115.23(C-2'),146.25(C-3'),146.23(C-4'),116.05(C-5'),120.03(C-6'),核磁数据通过与文献[12]报道对比,鉴定化合物8为(+)-儿茶素。
化合物9:黄色粉末,HCl-Mg反应为阳性,Molish反应为阳性,提示该化合物可能为黄酮苷类化合物。正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:449.104 5[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C21H20O11。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,methanol-d4)在低场区提示存在5个烯氢质子信号δH 7.29(1H,d,J=2.10 Hz,H-2'),7.26(1H,dd,J=8.28,2.16 Hz,H-6'),6.87(1H,d,J=8.28 Hz,H-5'),6.33(1H,d,J=2.10 Hz,H-8),6.16(1H,d,J=2.10 Hz,H-6)和一个糖端基质子信号δH5.30(1H,d,J=1.62 Hz,Rha-H-1″);4.17(1H,q,J=1.74 Hz,Rha-H-2″),3.70(1H,dd,J=9.48,3.36 Hz,Rha-H-3″),3.29(1H,d,J=9.54 Hz,Rha-H-4″),3.37(1H,m,Rha-H-5″),0.89(1H,d,J=6.18 Hz,Rha-CH3)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,methanol-d4)δC 158.54(C-2),136.22(C-3),179.65(C-4),163.24(C-5),99.81(C-6),165.95(C-7),94.70(C-8),159.32(C-9),105.87(C-10),122.84(C-1'),116.89(C-2'),146.44(C-3'),149.82(C-4'),116.36(C-5'),122.94(C-6'),103.55(Rha-C-1″),72.04(C-2″),72.08(C-3″),73.22(C-4″),71.90(C-5″),17.66(C-6″),核磁数据通过与文献[13]报道对比,鉴定化合物9为槲皮苷。
化合物10:白色无定形粉末,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:365.145 3[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C15H24O10。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,methanol-d4)在低场区提示存在2个烯氢质子信号δH 6.27(1H,d,J=6.42 Hz,H-3),4.90(1H,dd,J=6.42,1.44 Hz,H-4)和1个糖端基质子信号δH 4.52(1H,d,J=7.92 Hz,H-1');δH 5.69(1H,d,J=1.08 Hz,H-1),3.85(1H,dd,J=11.88,1.98 Hz,H-6),3.66(1H,t,J=4.32 Hz,H-6'a),3.62(1H,dd,J=11.88,5.76 Hz,H-6'b),3.16(1H,dd,J=9.30,7.92 Hz,H-2'),3.33(1H,t,J=8.58 Hz,H-3'),3.24(1H,m,H-4'),2.49(1H,brs,H-9),1.86(1H,dd,J=13.62,4.80 Hz,H-7'a),1.75(1H,m,H-7'b)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,methanol-d4)δC 93.14(C-1),143.52(C-3),108.41(C-4),72.40(C-5),77.51(C-6),47.23(C-7),78.30(C-8),59.58(C-9),24.89(C-10),99.36(Glc-C-1'),74.48(C-2'),78.11(C-3'),71.74(C-4'),78.17(C-5'),62.81(C-6'),核磁数据通过与文献[14-15]报道对比,鉴定化合物10为哈巴苷。
化合物11:黄色粉末,与改良K4BiI7反应呈阳性,提示该化合物可能为含氮化合物,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:365.161 2[M+Na]+,根据氮规则,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C20H24N O 4 +。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,methanol-d4)低场区提示3个烯氢质子信号δH 6.53(1H,s,H-3),6.54(1H,d,J=7.94 Hz,H-8),6.70(1H,d,J=7.92 Hz,H-9);高场区提示4个甲基质子信号δH 3.78(3H,s,2-OCH3),3.82(3H,s,10-OCH3),3.29(3H,s,N-CH3),2.86(3H,s,N-CH3);δH 3.18(1H,m,H-4a'),2.70(1H,dd,J=17.28,4.14 Hz,H-4b'),3.36(1H,m,H-5a'),3.54(1H,m,H-5b'),3.96(1H,brd,J=12.36 Hz,H-6a),2.54(1H,brt,J=12.96 Hz,H-7a'),3.02(1H,dd,J=12.54,3.42 Hz,H-7b')。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,methanol-d4)δC 151.76(C-1),150.42(C-2),109.51(C-3),116.11(C-3a),24.71(C-4),62.42(C-5),71.23(C-6a),31.77(C-7),123.58(C-7a),117.24(C-8),110.60(C-9),153.11(C-10),149.48(C-11),126.04(C-11a),123.44(C-11b),121.07(C-11c),56.01(2-OCH3),56.30(10-OCH3),53.89(N-CH3),43.49(N-CH3),核磁数据通过与文献[16]报道对比,鉴定化合物11为木兰花碱。
化合物12:白色结晶性粉末(甲醇),与改良K4BiI7反应呈阳性,提示该化合物可能为含氮化合物,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:190.081 1[M+Na]+,根据氮规则,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C9H13NO2。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,DMSO-d6)在低场区提示存在2个烯氢质子信号δH7.10(2H,d,J=8.34 Hz,H-2,6),6.68(2H,d,J=8.52 Hz,H-3,5);在高场区提示存在1个甲基质子信号δH 2.28(3H,s,N-CH3);δH2.54(1H,m,H-8a),2.48(1H,m,H-8b),4.50(1H,q,J=4.20 Hz,H-7)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δC 134.88(C-1),127.04(C-2,6),114.68(C-3,5),156.22(C-4),70.85(C-7),59.92(C-8),35.97(N-CH3),核磁数据通过与文献[17]报道对比,鉴定化合物12为辛弗林。
化合物13:白色结晶性粉末(甲醇),正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:171.021 1[M+H]+,再结合其   1 H - N M R 13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C7H6O5。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,DMSO-d6)在低场区提示存在1个烯氢质子信号δH 6.73(2H,s,H-2,6)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δC 120.58(C-1),108.87(C-2,6),145.58(C-3,5),138.16(C-4),167.69(C-7),核磁数据通过与文献[18]报道对比,鉴定化合物13为没食子酸。
化合物14:白色针状结晶(甲醇),Molish反应为阳性,正离子HR-ESI-MS 得其m/z为:395.141 0[M+Na]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C17H24O9。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,DMSO-d6)在低场区提示存在烯氢质子信号δH 6.70(2H,s,H-3,5),6.44(1H,d,J=15.90 Hz,H-7),6.32(1H,dt,J=15.84,5.04 Hz,H-8)和糖端基质子信号δH 4.88(1H,d,J=7.38 Hz,H-1');δH4.08(2H,m,H-9),3.74(6H,s,OCH3×2)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δC 133.78(C-1),152.74(C-2,6),104.42(C-3,5),132.62(C-4),128.46(C-7),130.21(C-8),61.50(C-9),102.53(C-1'),74.19(C-2'),77.27(C-3'),69.93(C-4'),76.57(C-5'),60.89(C-6'),56.36(OCH3×2),核磁数据通过与文献[19]报道对比,鉴定化合物14为紫丁香苷。
化合物15:白色结晶性粉末(甲醇),与改良K4BiI7反应呈阳性,提示该化合物可能为含氮化合物,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:243.241 1[M+H]+,根据氮规则,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C10H14N2O5。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,DMSO-d6)在低场区提示存在亚氨基质子信号δH 11.15(1H,brs,-NH),烯氢质子信号δH 7.58(1H,s,H-6)和糖端基质子信号δH 6.05(1H,t,J=6.48 Hz,H-1');在高场区提示存在1个甲基信号δH1.65(3H,s,CH3);δH 1.95(2H,m,H-2'),3.64(1H,s,H-3'),4.12(1H,m,H-4'),3.47(1H,d,J=9.24 Hz,H-5'a),3.42(1H,d,J=10.80 Hz,H-5'b)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δC 150.5(C-2),163.9(C-4),109.51(C-5),136.25(C-6),83.85(Rib-C-1'),39.48(C-2'),70.55(C-3'),87.34(C-4'),61.43(C-5'),12.4(CH3),核磁数据通过与文献[20]报道对比,鉴定化合物15为胸苷。
化合物16:白色结晶性粉末(甲醇),与改良K4BiI7反应呈阳性,提示该化合物可能为含氮化合物,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:306.449 6[M+Na]+,根据氮规则,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C10H13N5O5。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,DMSO-d6)提示存在亚氨基质子信号δH 10.61(1H,s,-NH),烯氢质子信号δH 7.79(1H,s,H-8),氨基质子信号δH 6.05(1H,s,-NH2),糖端基质子信号δH 5.02(1H,d,J=4.68 Hz,H-1')和3个羟基质子信号δH 5.53(1H,d,J=6.00 Hz,1'-OH),5.29(1H,d,J=6.06 Hz,2'-OH),4.92(1H,t,J=5.52 Hz,3'-OH);δH 4.24(1H,dd,J=11.10,5.94 Hz,H-2'),3.92(1H,dd,J=8.22,4.62 Hz,H-3'),3.71(1H,dd,J=7.44,3.78 Hz,H-4'),3.44(1H,m,H-5'a),3.36(1H,m,H-5'b)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δC 153.85(C-2),151.54(C-4),116.75(C-5),157.08(C-6),135.91(C-8),86.48(Rib-C-1'),70.58(C-2'),73.88(C-3'),85.40(C-4'),61.56(C-5'),核磁数据通过与文献[21]报道对比,鉴定化合物16为鸟苷。
化合物17:白色针状结晶(氯仿),Molish为阴性,Liebermann-Burchard反应为阳性,与体积分数10%的浓H2SO4-EtOH于薄层硅胶板上加热后,呈现紫红色,提示该化合物可能为甾醇类化合物。正离子HR-ESI-MS 得其m/z为:415.451 1[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C29H50O。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,chloroform-d)在高场区提示存在6个甲基信号δH 0.67(3H,s,H-18),0.81(3H,d,J=6.78 Hz,H-21),0.84(6H,dd,J=7.38,2.40 Hz,H-26,27),0.92(3H,d,J=6.48 Hz,H-29)和1.00(3H,s,H-19);在低场区提示存在1个烯氢质子信号δH 5.35(1H,d,J=5.04 Hz,H-6);δH 3.52(1H,m,H-3),2.24(1H,m,H-8),1.22(1H,m,H-9),1.46(1H,m,H-14),1.84(1H,m,H-17),1.86(1H,m,H-20),1.81(1H,m,H-24),2.30(1H,m,H-25)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,chloroform-d)δC 37.37(C-1),31.78(C-2),71.95(C-3),42.44(C-4),140.87(C-5),121.88(C-6),34.04(C-7),32.01(C-8),50.23(C-9),36.63(C-10),19.98(C-11),39.88(C-12),42.42(C-13),56.15(C-14),23.17(C-15),26.12(C-16),56.88(C-17),12.12(C-18),19.55(C-19),36.28(C-20),18.91(C-21),28.39(C-22),24.44(C-23),45.93(C-24),29.22(C-25),19.55(C-26),19.15(C-27),21.21(C-28),12.00(C-29),核磁数据通过与文献[22-23]报道对比,鉴定化合物17为β-谷甾醇。
化合物18:白色针状结晶(氯仿),Molish为阴性,Liebermann-Burchard反应为阳性,与体积分数10%的浓H2SO4-EtOH于薄层硅胶板上加热后,呈现紫红色,提示该化合物可能为甾醇类化合物。正离子HR-ESI-MS 得其m/z为:413.701 1[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C29H48O。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,chloroform-d)在高场区提示存在6个甲基信号δH 0.68(3H,s,H-18),0.79(3H,d,J=5.52 Hz,H-27),0.81(3H,d,J=7.44 Hz,H-26),0.84(3H,d,J=6.30 Hz,H-29),1.02(3H,d,J=6.72 Hz,H-21)和1.01(3H,s,H-19);在低场区提示存在3个烯氢质子信号δH 5.35(1H,d,J=5.04 Hz,H-6),5.14(1H,dd,J=15.12,8.70 Hz,H-22),5.01(1H,dd,J=15.12,8.76 Hz,H-23);δH 3.52(1H,m,H-3),2.23(1H,m,H-8),1.26(1H,m,H-9),1.47(1H,m,H-14),1.83(1H,m,H-17),2.03(1H,m,H-20),1.86(1H,m,H-24),2.29(1H,m,H-25)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,chloroform-d)δC 37.37(C-1),31.77(C-2),71.94(C-3),42.33(C-4),140.87(C-5),121.86(C-6),31.77(C-7),32.02(C-8),50.25(C-9),36.64(C-10),21.19(C-11),39.79(C-12),42.42(C-13),56.04(C-14),24.50(C-15),29.08(C-16),56.98(C-17),12.18(C-18),19.11(C-19),40.67(C-20),21.26(C-21),138.48(C-22),129.37(C-23),51.37(C-24),32.02(C-25),21.36(C-26),19.55(C-27),25.56(C-28),12.42(C-29),核磁数据通过与文献[24]报道对比,鉴定化合物18为豆甾醇。
化合物19:白色结晶性粉末(氯仿),Molish与Liebermann-Burchard反应为阳性,与体积分数10%的浓H2SO4-EtOH于薄层硅胶板上加热后,呈现紫红色,提示该化合物可能为甾体糖苷类化合物。正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:599.429 1[M+Na]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C35H60O6。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,pyridine-d5)在高场区提示存在6个甲基信号δH0.34(3H,s,18-CH3),0.92(3H,s,19-CH3),0.89(3H,d,J=7.38 Hz,21-CH3),0.85(3H,d,J=6.84 Hz,26-CH3),0.64(3H,s,27-CH3),0.87(3H,t,J=3.36 Hz,29-CH3);在低场区提示存在1个烯氢质子信号δH 5.34(1H,t,J=2.28 Hz,H-6)、1个糖端基质子信号δH 5.07(1H,d,J=7.68 Hz,H-1')和其他糖基质子信号δH4.08(1H,t,J=8.28 Hz,H-2'),4.31(2H,m,H-3',H-4'),4.00(1H,m,H-5'),4.58(1H,dd,J=11.82,2.22 Hz,H-6'a),4.43(1H,dd,J=11.76,5.22 Hz,H-6'b);δH 3.95(1H,m,H-3),2.47(1H,m,H-8),1.66(1H,m,H-9),1.81(1H,m,H-14),1.95(1H,m,H-17),2.12(1H,m,H-20),1.87(1H,m,H-24),2.73(1H,m,H-25)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,pyridine-d5)δC 37.95(C-1),30.73(C-2),79.11(C-3),39.81(C-4),141.36(C-5),122.43(C-6),32.65(C-7),32.51(C-8),50.79(C-9),37.40(C-10),21.76(C-11),40.41(C-12),42.95(C-13),57.28(C-14),24.99(C-15),29.04(C-16),56.69(C-17),12.45(C-18),19.91(C-19),36.88(C-20),19.49(C-21),34.66(C-22),26.79(C-23),46.49(C-24),29.89(C-25),19.67(C-26),20.48(C-27),23.85(C-28),12.64(C-29),103.04(Glc-C-1'),75.84(C-2'),79.03(C-3'),72.14(C-4'),78.53(C-5'),63.29(C-6'),核磁数据通过与文献[25]报道对比,鉴定化合物19为胡萝卜苷。
化合物20:浅黄色油状物,正离子HR-ESI-MS 得其m/z为:279.347 6[M+H]+,再结合其   1 H - N M R 13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C16H22O4。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,DMSO-d6)δH 7.68(2H,dd,J=5.82,3.30 Hz,H-3,6),7.63(2H,dd,J=5.64,3.36 Hz,H-4,5),4.18(4H,t,J=6.54 Hz,H-2',2″),1.60(4H,m,H-3',3″),1.33(4H,m,H-4',4″),0.87(6H,t,J=7.38 Hz,H-5',5″)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δC 131.73(C-1,2),128.72(C-3,6),131.60(C-4,5),167.03 (COO-1',1″),65.08(C-2',2″),30.04(C-3',3″),18.71(C-4',4″),13.62(C-5',5″),核磁数据通过与文献[26]报道对比,鉴定化合物20为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。
化合物21:淡黄色粉末,与茚三酮试剂呈阳性,提示该化合物可能为氨基酸类成分,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:205.235 3[M+H]+,根据氮规则,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C11H12N2O2。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,methanol-d4)低场区提示存在5个烯氢质子信号δH7.65(1H,d,J=7.92 Hz,H-4),7.30(1H,d,J=8.10 Hz,H-7),7.15(1H,s,H-2),7.07(1H,t,J=7.20 Hz,H-6),6.99(1H,t,J=7.20 Hz,H-5);δH3.84(1H,dd,J=9.36,4.08 Hz,H-11),3.46(1H,dd,J=15.18,3.96 Hz,H-10a),3.11(1H,dd,J=15.24,9.36 Hz,H-10b)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,methanol-d4)δC128.45(C-2),112.44(C-3),119.33(C-4),120.11(C-5),122.75(C-6),109.43(C-7),138.39(C-8),125.18(C-9),28.41(C-10),56.54(C-11),174.31(COOH),核磁数据通过与文献[27]报道对比,鉴定化合物21为L-色氨酸。
化合物22:白色无定形粉末,Molish反应为阳性,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:599.235 1[M+H]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C28H38O14。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,DMSO-d6)在低场区提示存在烯氢质子信号δH 6.97(2H,s,H-2,6)和6.93(2H,s,H-2',6')和糖端基质子信号δH 4.60(1H,dd, J=4.50,12.36 Hz,H-1″);δH3.68(6H,s,OCH3×2),3.65(6H,s,OCH3×2)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δC 140.23(C-1),105.65(C-2),153.86(C-3),137.73(C-4),154.45(C-5),105.81(C-6),86.81(C-7),55.51(C-8),72.76(C-9),132.49(C-1'),104.44(C-2'),149.33(C-3'),138.69(C-4'),149.75(C-5'),138.45(C-6'),86.95(C-7'),55.26(C-8'),72.45(C-9'),56.70(OCH3×2),56.89(OCH3×2),105.14(C-1″),76.53(C-2″),78.83(C-3″),71.98(C-4″),79.14(C-5″),62.99(C-6″),核磁数据通过与文献[28]报道对比,鉴定化合物22为7,7'-双-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-8,8'-二羟甲基-四氢呋喃-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。
化合物23:白色无定形粉末,Molish与Liebermann-Burchard反应为阳性,但与E试剂反应为阴性,与10%的浓H2SO4-EtOH于薄层硅胶板上加热后,呈现紫红色,放置一段时间后,最终呈现黄绿色,提示该化合物可能为螺甾烷醇型皂苷。正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:1 219.576 6[M+Na]+,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C56H92O27。该化合物1H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,pyridine-d5)在高场区提示存在4个甲基质子信号δH 0.63(3H,s,18-CH3),0.83(3H,s,19-CH3),1.15(3H,d,J=6.90 Hz,21-CH3),0.70(3H,d,J=5.40 Hz,27-CH3);在低场区提示存在5个糖端基质子信号δH4.90(1H,d,J=7.56 Hz,Gal-H-1'),5.17(1H,br,Glc-H-1″),5.52(1H,d,J=7.56 Hz,Glc-H-1‴),5.31(1H,d,J=7.86 Hz,Glc-H-1″″)和5.16(1H,br,Xyl-H-1″‴)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,pyridine-d5)δC37.62(C-1),30.35(C-2),78.27(C-3),35.24(C-4),45.06(C-5),29.37(C-6),32.84(C-7), 35.67(C-8),54.80(C-9),36.25(C-10),21.72(C-11),40.58(C-12),41.23(C-13),56.87(C-14),32.59(C-15),81.83(C-16),63.46(C-17),17.10(C-18),12.76(C-19),42.44(C-20),15.54(C-21),109.70(C-22),32.26(C-23),29.73(C-24),31.07(C-25),63.48(C-26),17.82(C-27),102.82(Gal-C-1'),73.66(C-2'),76.02(C-3'),80.74(C-4'),76.59(C-5'),61.06(C-6'),105.42(Glc-C-1″),81.59(C-2″),88.91(C-3″),71.27(C-4″),77.72(C-5″),62.74(C-6″),104.47(Glc-C-1‴),74.46(C-2‴),87.73(C-3‴),70.31(C-4‴),78.44(C-5‴),62.47(C-6‴),105.21(Glc-C-1″″),75.75(C-2″″),79.05(C-3″″),71.84(C-4″″),79.02(C-5″″),62.66(C-6″″),105.42(Xyl-C-1″‴),75.36(C-2″‴),77.93(C-3″‴),71.21(C-4″‴),67.31(C-5″‴),核磁数据通过与文献[29]报道对比,鉴定化合物23为晚香玉苷B。
化合物24:白色结晶性粉末(甲醇),与改良K4BiI7反应呈阳性,提示该化合物可能为含氮化合物,正离子ESI-MS 得其m/z为:118.081 1[M+H]+,根据氮规则,再结合其1H-NMR和13C-NMR谱图,确定其分子式为C5H11NO21H-NMR(δ,600 MHz,D2O)δH3.84(2H,s,N-CH2),3.20(9H,s,3×N-CH3)。13C-NMR(δ,150 MHz,D2O)δC 51.61(3×N-CH3),64.38(N-CH2),167.53(C=O),核磁数据通过与文献[30]报道对比,鉴定化合物24为甜菜碱。
参照文献[31]方法,稍作修改。精确吸取100 μL样品溶液于96孔板中,而后加入100 μL DPPH溶液(0.2 mol·L-1),各孔吹打均匀后于25 ℃恒温箱中避光反应30 min。反应完成后,于517 nm波长处测量吸光度值(Ax)。对照组以无水乙醇代替DPPH溶液(Ay)。VC作为阳性对照,步骤与上述相同。所有测量值均设3个复孔平行,按公式1计算清除率。
DPPH·清除率(%)= A 0 - ( A x - A y ) A 0×100%
Ax为不同浓度样品溶液加入DPPH溶液的吸光度值;Ay为不同浓度样品加入无水乙醇的吸光度值;A0为无水乙醇加入DPPH溶液的吸光度值。
参照文献[32]方法,稍作修改。精密称取19.2 mg ABTS和3.31 mg高硫酸钾,加水溶解后定容至5 mL量瓶中即得ABTS母液。27 ℃避光反应14 h后,用无水乙醇稀释该母液至734 nm波长处吸光度为(0.7±0.1),即得ABTS溶液。精确吸取100 μL样品溶液于96孔板中,而后加入100 μL ABTS溶液,各孔吹打均匀后于25 ℃恒温箱中避光反应30 min。反应完成后,于734 nm波长处测量吸光度值(Ax)。对照组以无水乙醇代替ABTS溶液(Ay)。VC作为阳性对照,步骤与上述相同。所有测量值均设3个复孔平行,按公式2计算清除率。
ABTS·清除率(%)= A 0 - ( A x - A y ) A 0×100%
Ax为不同浓度样品溶液加入ABTS溶液的吸光度值;Ay为不同浓度样品加入无水乙醇的吸光度值;A0为无水乙醇加入ABTS溶液的吸光度值。
DPPH·清除能力试验的结果显示,除化合物3、4、8、9、13和22外,其余化合物对DPPH·的清除能力均很弱或无清除作用,其中化合物9的作用最强,半抑制浓度(IC50)为(0.32±0.11) mg·mL-1;ABTS·清除能力试验的结果显示,所有化合物对ABTS·均有清除活性,这可能其清除机制有关,其中化合物9的活性最强,IC50为(0.03±0.02) mg·mL-1
薤白作为一种药食同源类药材,具有价格低廉、营养丰富的优势,并在我国广泛的自然分布及人工种植。本研究从薤白的体积分数80%乙醇提取物的不同萃取部位(石油醚、二氯甲烷、正丁醇和水部位)中分离、纯化并鉴定出24个化合物,包括2个脂肪酸(1和2),4个黄酮类化合物(3、4、8和9),2个萜类化合物(5和10),6个甾体类化合物(6、7、17~19和23),3个生物碱类化合物(11、12和24),1个有机酸(13),2个苯丙素类化合物(14和22),2个核苷(15和16),1个酯类化合物(20)和1个氨基酸(21)。体外抗氧化试验结果表明,化合物9对两种自由基的清除活性较强,这为薤白中黄酮类成分的活性开发与利用提供了前期基础。同时,本研究中的13种化合物(2~5、8~12、20和22~24)为首次从薤白中分离得到,且化合物22和23首次从百合科植物中分离得到。本研究进一步丰富了薤白中的化学成分,为其质量标志物的发掘和质量评价标准的建立提供了重要参考。
  • 吉林省科技发展计划项目资助(20240305012YY)
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2025年第60卷第3期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.03.003
  • 接收时间:2024-06-12
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-02-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-12
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吉林省科技发展计划项目资助(20240305012YY)
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    1 吉林农业大学中药材学院,长春 130118
    2 吉林省道地药材开发利用国际联合研究中心, 长春 130118
    3 新疆维吾尔自治区中药民族药研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830092
    4 长春科技学院医药学院, 长春 130600

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*张晶,女,博士,教授,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与作用机制 Tel:(0431)84533358;
王露露,女,博士,副教授 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与作用机制
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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