Article(id=1190352405960167746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190352404290831102, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)16-1532-08, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.16.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706976000000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761731729258, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1724256000000, pubDateStr=2024-08-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761731729258, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761731729258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761731729258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190352404290831102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='16', pageStart='1453', pageEnd='1550', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761731728860, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761732143204, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190354142230053404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190352404290831102, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190354142230053405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190352404290831102, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1532, endPage=1538, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190352406195048772, articleId=1190352405960167746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Establishment and Application of ICIEF for the Analysis of Charge Heterogeneity of Human Urinary Kininogenase, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish an analysis method of the charge heterogeneity of human urinary kininogenase (HUK) by using image capillary isoelectric focusing (iCIEF) and complete the methodological verification. METHODS The 35 μL 1% methyl cellulose, 10 μL 200 mmol·L-1 IDA, 4 μL pharmalyte electrolyte, 48 mg urea, 0.5 μL pI marker with pI 6.15 and 7.05 were added in the sample solution. The focusing condition was pre-focusing voltage 1 500V, duration 1 min, focusing voltage 3 000 V, duration 6 min. RESULTS The optimized method has stable baseline, and the target protein was significantly different from the unrelated protein, The recovery rate of accuracy verification was within 90%-110%, and the linearity verification result had r2 of 0.995 7, The RSD of each isomer pI in the repeatability verification was less than 0.2%. The limit of quantification was 0.013 mg·mL-1. The concentration of urea durability, IDA durability and the electrolyte pharmalyte durability are good. Using this method, the charge isomers of HUK from different manufactures were analyzed effectively. CONCLUSION The developed iCIEF method has good specificity, precision, linearity and durability, and can solve the problem of charge heterogeneity evaluation of protein products, which is of great significance to the quality control of such products from the perspective of charge heterogeneity.

, correspAuthors=Yue WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Rongrong XU, Bo LIU, Huihong FAN, Yue WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1190352708126216946, articleId=1190352405960167746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳分析尤瑞克林电荷异质性方法的建立与应用, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳(image capillary isoelectric focusing, iCIEF)方法分析尤瑞克林(human urinary kininogenase,HUK)的电荷异质性。方法 取35 μL 1%甲基纤维素、10 μL 200 mmol·L-1的亚氨基二乙酸、4 μL两性电解质溶液、48 mg尿素、等电点(pI)为 6.14和7.05的等电点标记物各0.5 μL及水,配制为100 μL供试品体系进行聚焦分析,聚焦条件为预聚焦电压1 500 V、持续时间1 min,聚焦电压3 000 V、持续时间6 min。结果 优化后的方法专属性良好、准确度验证中回收率在90%~110%之间;线性验证结果的r2为0.995 7;重复性验证中的各异构体的pI的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于0.2%,定量限为0.013 mg·mL-1;IDA及两性电解质等添加量的耐用性良好。采用该方法可以有效分离不同厂家的HUK电荷异构体。结论 建立的iCIEF方法具有良好的专属性、精密度、准确度和耐用性,能够很好地解决蛋白质类产品的电荷异质性评价的难题,对该类产品在电荷异质性角度的质量控制具有重要意义。

, correspAuthors=王悦, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王悦,女,硕士,研究员 研究方向:生化药品的质量研究 Tel:(010)53851530
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许蓉蓉和刘博为共同第一作者

许蓉蓉,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:生化药品质量控制;

刘博,男,博士,副研究员 研究方向:生化药品质量控制。

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Imaging capillary isoelectric focusing for analysis of protein variants in the sample matrix: America, US2019056350A1[P]. 2019-02-21., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190364976226341406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=30, issue=23, pageStart=404958, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=MACK S, CRUZADO-PARK I, CHAPMAN J, journalName=Electrophoresis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MACK S, CRUZADO-PARK I, CHAPMAN J, et al. A systematic study in CIEF: defining and optimizing experimental parameters critical to method reproducibility and robustness[J]. 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Biochem, 1974, 13(21): 4311-4318., articleTitle=MARES-GUIA M, Purification and properties of a human urinary kallikrein (kininogenase), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190364976373142050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=298, pageEnd=299, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=中国药典2020年版. 四部, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ch.P (2020)Vol Ⅳ (中国药典2020年版. 四部)[S]. 2020:298-299., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190364974989021693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, awardId=GJJS-2022-5-2, language=CN, fundingSource=中国食品药品检定研究院关键技术研究基金(GJJS-2022-5-2), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190364969641283960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190364969649672569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, companyId=1190364969641283960, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190364969653866874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, companyId=1190364969641283960, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国食品药品检定研究院, 国家药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 102629)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190364971696492968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Determination of the concentration of urea in the analyse of human urinary kininogenase(HUK) by image capillary isoelectric focusing(iCIEF), figureFileSmall=lvf5B0/oSBDUmNpDuvdZFA==, figureFileBig=hVBIUzb04COBOW2RWrhD1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364971751018924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图1, caption=全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳(iCIEF)法分析尤瑞克林(HUK)电荷异质性的尿素浓度确定, figureFileSmall=lvf5B0/oSBDUmNpDuvdZFA==, figureFileBig=hVBIUzb04COBOW2RWrhD1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364971839099312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The influence of iminodiacetic acid(IDA) for HUK's reserve by iCIEF

A-without IDA; B-with 20 mmol·L-1 IDA.

, figureFileSmall=E5Oj1ASV4f1M3GXtOBkuZA==, figureFileBig=w6xEmw0qsHBnatYG4Sii5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364971939762614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图2, caption=亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)对HUK iCIEF保留的影响

A-不添加IDA;B-添加20 mmol·L-1 IDA。

, figureFileSmall=E5Oj1ASV4f1M3GXtOBkuZA==, figureFileBig=w6xEmw0qsHBnatYG4Sii5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364971990094264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The representative chromatogram of iCIEF for HUK, figureFileSmall=pHll3C7bQZMHMEcZpuaomw==, figureFileBig=BAZL1FJG7i0mU++4EmK3NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972094951866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HUK的iCIEF典型图谱, figureFileSmall=pHll3C7bQZMHMEcZpuaomw==, figureFileBig=BAZL1FJG7i0mU++4EmK3NQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972153672127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Diagram of voltage(A) and current variation(B) over time during HUK focusing process, figureFileSmall=IA37ycyDVAZ11QfMsP/EuQ==, figureFileBig=btD4BNyG7ZeNrH7jW4D/rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972224975297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HUK聚焦过程电压(A)和电流(B)随时间变化图, figureFileSmall=IA37ycyDVAZ11QfMsP/EuQ==, figureFileBig=btD4BNyG7ZeNrH7jW4D/rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972292084164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Specification verification of iCIEF for HUK, figureFileSmall=Mln2FEIaHayuenXYMjLmDw==, figureFileBig=h6FI3OK/OLwBNhgbwl0TBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972371775944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图5, caption=HUK的iCIEF专属性验证, figureFileSmall=Mln2FEIaHayuenXYMjLmDw==, figureFileBig=h6FI3OK/OLwBNhgbwl0TBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972447273418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The instrument precision of iCIEF for HUK

Peaks 1-14 correspond to peak numbers 1-14 in Tab.1, 3 and 4, respectively; Peaks 3-12 correspond to peak numbers 1-10 in Tab.2 respectively.

, figureFileSmall=TdGiGBj4Rnqnd85PaMdTRQ==, figureFileBig=V1UUVn86uNhICVlpymeNLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972510187981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HUK的 iCIEF仪器精密度验证

峰1~14分别对应表134中的峰序号1~14;峰3~12分别对应表2中的峰序号1~10。

, figureFileSmall=TdGiGBj4Rnqnd85PaMdTRQ==, figureFileBig=V1UUVn86uNhICVlpymeNLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972577296848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Enterprise A's API and preparation retain superposition diagram by iCIEF, figureFileSmall=ACzO54UqQ1nKBqS3/2ZWsA==, figureFileBig=ex3mKTO4fnkCk89Tp1P4oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972656988626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图7, caption=A企业HUK原液与制剂iCIEF保留叠加图, figureFileSmall=ACzO54UqQ1nKBqS3/2ZWsA==, figureFileBig=ex3mKTO4fnkCk89Tp1P4oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972715708884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Enterprise B's API and preparation retain superposition diagram by iCIEF, figureFileSmall=Sp3npyKl8dqRpaYxh8rQ7w==, figureFileBig=7bRLNO8jkXkD4VhFyHw7LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972891869655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图8, caption=B企业HUK三批原液(上)与制剂(下)iCIEF叠加图, figureFileSmall=Sp3npyKl8dqRpaYxh8rQ7w==, figureFileBig=7bRLNO8jkXkD4VhFyHw7LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364972979950039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Enterprise A's API and preparation representation by iCIEF, figureFileSmall=V91DNkpHcMt8xJbKxn8jJA==, figureFileBig=q7TEdaq6q5FiwepL9WN0Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364973072224729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图9, caption=A企业HUK原液与制剂iCIEF代表图, figureFileSmall=V91DNkpHcMt8xJbKxn8jJA==, figureFileBig=q7TEdaq6q5FiwepL9WN0Aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364973130944987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Enterprise A's API and preparation representation by iCIEF, figureFileSmall=/ANHK0Bh3O3LCSb0vPMG/w==, figureFileBig=Zd0xaizWkQaH7UKu8kTK9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364973198053853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=图10, caption=B企业HUK原液与制剂iCIEF代表图, figureFileSmall=/ANHK0Bh3O3LCSb0vPMG/w==, figureFileBig=Zd0xaizWkQaH7UKu8kTK9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190364973260968415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The iCIEF results of precision verification for HUK. n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
Peak area percentage/% pI
Average RSD Average RSD/%
1 0.34±0.02 6.78 2.95±0.01 0.38
2 0.97±0.05 5.39 3.02±0.006 0.18
3 1.96±0.03 1.71 3.14±0.008 0.24
4 4.41±0.10 2.17 3.28±0.006 0.18
5 7.25±0.08 1.06 3.41±0.006 0.18
6 11.13±0.10 0.88 3.57±0.006 0.17
7 14.52±0.04 0.25 3.73±0.006 0.17
8 17.33±0.06 0.32 3.90±0.006 0.14
9 17.02±0.10 0.60 4.07±0.004 0.11
10 13.35±0.14 1.05 4.27±0.004 0.09
11 7.92±0.04 0.49 4.48±0.004 0.10
12 3.17±0.06 1.85 4.69±0.003 0.06
13 0.31±0.01 3.37 4.83±0.004 0.08
14 0.22±0.01 5.70 4.89±0.004 0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1190364973445517793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

HUK的iCIEF精密度验证结果。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
Peak area percentage/% pI
Average RSD Average RSD/%
1 0.34±0.02 6.78 2.95±0.01 0.38
2 0.97±0.05 5.39 3.02±0.006 0.18
3 1.96±0.03 1.71 3.14±0.008 0.24
4 4.41±0.10 2.17 3.28±0.006 0.18
5 7.25±0.08 1.06 3.41±0.006 0.18
6 11.13±0.10 0.88 3.57±0.006 0.17
7 14.52±0.04 0.25 3.73±0.006 0.17
8 17.33±0.06 0.32 3.90±0.006 0.14
9 17.02±0.10 0.60 4.07±0.004 0.11
10 13.35±0.14 1.05 4.27±0.004 0.09
11 7.92±0.04 0.49 4.48±0.004 0.10
12 3.17±0.06 1.85 4.69±0.003 0.06
13 0.31±0.01 3.37 4.83±0.004 0.08
14 0.22±0.01 5.70 4.89±0.004 0.08
), ArticleFig(id=1190364973529403875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Repeatability verification results of iCIEF for HUK. n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
Peak area percentage/% pI
Average RSD Average RSD/%
1 2.17±0.13 6.10 3.44±0.005 0.14
2 4.66±0.17 3.61 3.57±0.006 0.17
3 7.36±0.17 2.33 3.69±0.007 0.18
4 11.62±0.06 0.49 3.83±0.007 0.19
5 14.99±0.05 0.33 3.96±0.008 0.20
6 17.68±0.14 0.81 4.11±0.007 0.17
7 17.51±0.09 0.50 4.27±0.008 0.18
8 13.41±0.10 0.75 4.44±0.008 0.18
9 7.70±0.05 0.70 4.72±0.007 6 0.17
10 2.93±0.06 1.95 4.79±0.006 7 0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1190364973655232998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HUK的 iCIEF 重复性验证结果。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
Peak area percentage/% pI
Average RSD Average RSD/%
1 2.17±0.13 6.10 3.44±0.005 0.14
2 4.66±0.17 3.61 3.57±0.006 0.17
3 7.36±0.17 2.33 3.69±0.007 0.18
4 11.62±0.06 0.49 3.83±0.007 0.19
5 14.99±0.05 0.33 3.96±0.008 0.20
6 17.68±0.14 0.81 4.11±0.007 0.17
7 17.51±0.09 0.50 4.27±0.008 0.18
8 13.41±0.10 0.75 4.44±0.008 0.18
9 7.70±0.05 0.70 4.72±0.007 6 0.17
10 2.93±0.06 1.95 4.79±0.006 7 0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1190364973734924776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The results of pharmalyte's durability for HUK by iCIEF.n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
Peak area percentage/% pI
Average RSD Average RSD/%
1 0.38±0.09 23.80 2.90±0.19 6.69
2 1.07±0.11 9.96 2.98±0.19 6.48
3 2.00±0.12 6.08 3.09±0.20 6.53
4 4.45±0.07 1.46 3.24±0.21 6.38
5 7.27±0.24 3.32 3.36±0.21 6.31
6 10.98±0.28 2.58 3.52±0.21 6.07
7 14.71±0.26 1.78 3.67±0.22 5.93
8 17.29±0.05 0.27 3.84±0.22 5.76
9 17.08±0.04 0.21 4.01±0.22 5.57
10 13.24±0.20 1.53 4.21±0.22 5.32
11 7.80±0.17 2.23 4.41±0.22 5.05
12 3.27±0.21 6.47 4.62±0.21 4.60
13 0.27±0.04 16.14 4.76±0.20 4.15
14 0.20±0.03 13.23 4.82±0.19 4.02
), ArticleFig(id=1190364973835588074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

HUK的iCIEF两性电解质的耐用性结果。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
Peak area percentage/% pI
Average RSD Average RSD/%
1 0.38±0.09 23.80 2.90±0.19 6.69
2 1.07±0.11 9.96 2.98±0.19 6.48
3 2.00±0.12 6.08 3.09±0.20 6.53
4 4.45±0.07 1.46 3.24±0.21 6.38
5 7.27±0.24 3.32 3.36±0.21 6.31
6 10.98±0.28 2.58 3.52±0.21 6.07
7 14.71±0.26 1.78 3.67±0.22 5.93
8 17.29±0.05 0.27 3.84±0.22 5.76
9 17.08±0.04 0.21 4.01±0.22 5.57
10 13.24±0.20 1.53 4.21±0.22 5.32
11 7.80±0.17 2.23 4.41±0.22 5.05
12 3.27±0.21 6.47 4.62±0.21 4.60
13 0.27±0.04 16.14 4.76±0.20 4.15
14 0.20±0.03 13.23 4.82±0.19 4.02
), ArticleFig(id=1190364973919474156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The result of IDA's durability of HUK by iCIEF.n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
Peak area percentage/% pI
Average RSD Average RSD
1 0.34±0.02 5.09 2.91±0.11 3.92
2 0.98±0.04 3.57 2.98±0.12 4.02
3 2.00±0.12 6.20 3.10±0.12 4.01
4 4.36±0.24 5.60 3.24±0.13 3.88
5 7.38±0.15 2.00 3.37±0.12 3.69
6 10.92±0.18 1.68 3.52±0.13 3.58
7 14.65±0.12 0.83 3.68±0.13 3.47
8 17.31±0.03 0.19 3.85±0.13 3.38
9 17.10±0.01 0.06 4.02±0.13 3.22
10 13.33±0.08 0.61 4.22±0.13 3.01
11 7.88±0.08 1.06 4.43±0.13 2.88
12 3.25±0.26 7.90 4.63±0.12 2.59
13 0.30±0.06 18.56 4.78±0.12 2.49
14 0.21±0.03 15.55 4.84±0.11 2.22
), ArticleFig(id=1190364974041108973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

HUK的iCIEF分析IDA的耐用性结果。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
Peak area percentage/% pI
Average RSD Average RSD
1 0.34±0.02 5.09 2.91±0.11 3.92
2 0.98±0.04 3.57 2.98±0.12 4.02
3 2.00±0.12 6.20 3.10±0.12 4.01
4 4.36±0.24 5.60 3.24±0.13 3.88
5 7.38±0.15 2.00 3.37±0.12 3.69
6 10.92±0.18 1.68 3.52±0.13 3.58
7 14.65±0.12 0.83 3.68±0.13 3.47
8 17.31±0.03 0.19 3.85±0.13 3.38
9 17.10±0.01 0.06 4.02±0.13 3.22
10 13.33±0.08 0.61 4.22±0.13 3.01
11 7.88±0.08 1.06 4.43±0.13 2.88
12 3.25±0.26 7.90 4.63±0.12 2.59
13 0.30±0.06 18.56 4.78±0.12 2.49
14 0.21±0.03 15.55 4.84±0.11 2.22
), ArticleFig(id=1190364974108217838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The pI results of three batches of HUK preparation and active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) form enterprise A by iCIEF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak number
/Batches
Preparation's pI Raw material's pI
A B C
1 2.95 2.97 3.09 2.92 2.95 2.93
2 3.06 3.05 3.17 3.00 3.03 3.01
3 3.17 3.17 3.29 3.11 3.14 3.13
4 3.30 3.30 3.42 3.25 3.28 3.26
5 3.42 3.41 3.54 3.37 3.40 3.38
6 3.57 3.56 3.68 3.52 3.55 3.54
7 3.72 3.72 3.81 3.67 3.70 3.70
8 3.88 3.88 3.97 3.84 3.86 3.87
9 4.05 4.04 4.12 4.01 4.03 4.04
10 4.23 4.23 4.30 4.21 4.22 4.23
11 4.44 4.43 4.46 4.42 4.42 4.44
12 4.60 4.59 4.65 4.61 4.62 4.62
13 - - - 4.77 4.77 4.78
14 - - - 4.83 4.83 4.84
), ArticleFig(id=1190364974187909615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

A企业3批HUK注射液与原液iCIEF测定的pI结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak number
/Batches
Preparation's pI Raw material's pI
A B C
1 2.95 2.97 3.09 2.92 2.95 2.93
2 3.06 3.05 3.17 3.00 3.03 3.01
3 3.17 3.17 3.29 3.11 3.14 3.13
4 3.30 3.30 3.42 3.25 3.28 3.26
5 3.42 3.41 3.54 3.37 3.40 3.38
6 3.57 3.56 3.68 3.52 3.55 3.54
7 3.72 3.72 3.81 3.67 3.70 3.70
8 3.88 3.88 3.97 3.84 3.86 3.87
9 4.05 4.04 4.12 4.01 4.03 4.04
10 4.23 4.23 4.30 4.21 4.22 4.23
11 4.44 4.43 4.46 4.42 4.42 4.44
12 4.60 4.59 4.65 4.61 4.62 4.62
13 - - - 4.77 4.77 4.78
14 - - - 4.83 4.83 4.84
), ArticleFig(id=1190364974263407088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

The aera percentage results for HUK's charge isomers of three batches form preparation and API of enterprise A by iCIEF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
/Batches
Preparation peak
area percentage/%
Raw material peak
percentage/%
A B C
1 0.38 0.52 1.10 0.39 0.52 1.15
2 1.14 1.49 1.93 1.16 1.24 2.68
3 2.25 2.57 3.00 2.20 2.51 3.56
4 4.66 5.05 6.54 4.82 5.14 6.64
5 7.54 8.87 9.62 7.80 7.78 9.64
6 12.68 12.38 14.43 11.22 11.60 12.76
7 15.13 15.41 16.94 15.37 15.52 15.46
8 18.39 16.58 17.23 17.46 17.10 16.45
9 16.96 17.02 14.86 16.56 16.05 14.18
10 12.40 11.90 9.27 12.88 12.25 9.76
11 6.33 6.08 3.93 7.02 6.80 5.18
12 2.14 2.14 1.14 2.65 2.62 2.14
13 - - - 0.27 0.27 0.29
14 - - - 0.19 0.15 0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1190364974397624819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

A企业3批HUK制剂与原液iCIEF测定的各电荷异质体峰面积占百分比结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
/Batches
Preparation peak
area percentage/%
Raw material peak
percentage/%
A B C
1 0.38 0.52 1.10 0.39 0.52 1.15
2 1.14 1.49 1.93 1.16 1.24 2.68
3 2.25 2.57 3.00 2.20 2.51 3.56
4 4.66 5.05 6.54 4.82 5.14 6.64
5 7.54 8.87 9.62 7.80 7.78 9.64
6 12.68 12.38 14.43 11.22 11.60 12.76
7 15.13 15.41 16.94 15.37 15.52 15.46
8 18.39 16.58 17.23 17.46 17.10 16.45
9 16.96 17.02 14.86 16.56 16.05 14.18
10 12.40 11.90 9.27 12.88 12.25 9.76
11 6.33 6.08 3.93 7.02 6.80 5.18
12 2.14 2.14 1.14 2.65 2.62 2.14
13 - - - 0.27 0.27 0.29
14 - - - 0.19 0.15 0.14
), ArticleFig(id=1190364974473122292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

The pI results of three batches of HUK preparation and API form enterprise B by iCIEF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak number
/Batches
Preparation's pI Raw material's pI
a b c 1 2 3
1 3.43 3.32 3.45 3.45 3.52 3.52
2 3.54 3.45 3.53 3.56 3.64 3.66
3 3.69 3.59 3.71 3.70 3.78 3.80
4 3.83 3.73 3.85 3.84 3.92 3.94
5 3.98 3.88 4.00 3.99 4.07 4.09
6 4.14 4.04 4.16 4.15 4.23 4.25
7 4.33 4.22 4.34 4.34 4.41 4.42
8 4.53 4.42 4.53 4.54 4.58 4.60
9 4.74 4.63 4.74 4.74 4.78 4.79
10 4.88 4.79 4.88 4.88 4.90 4.91
11 4.94 4.86 4.93 4.93 4.95 4.96
), ArticleFig(id=1190364974544425462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

B企业3批HUK制剂与原液iCIEF测定的pI结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak number
/Batches
Preparation's pI Raw material's pI
a b c 1 2 3
1 3.43 3.32 3.45 3.45 3.52 3.52
2 3.54 3.45 3.53 3.56 3.64 3.66
3 3.69 3.59 3.71 3.70 3.78 3.80
4 3.83 3.73 3.85 3.84 3.92 3.94
5 3.98 3.88 4.00 3.99 4.07 4.09
6 4.14 4.04 4.16 4.15 4.23 4.25
7 4.33 4.22 4.34 4.34 4.41 4.42
8 4.53 4.42 4.53 4.54 4.58 4.60
9 4.74 4.63 4.74 4.74 4.78 4.79
10 4.88 4.79 4.88 4.88 4.90 4.91
11 4.94 4.86 4.93 4.93 4.95 4.96
), ArticleFig(id=1190364974678643192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

The aera percentage results for HUK's charge isomers of three batches of preparation and API form enterprise B by iCIEF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
/Batches
Preparation peak
area percentage/%
Raw material peak
area percentage/%
a b c 1 2 3
1 0.83 0.94 0.86 0.38 0.96 0.79
2 1.80 2.28 2.20 1.04 2.43 2.20
3 4.41 4.79 4.84 2.70 5.47 5.42
4 7.35 8.20 7.72 4.87 9.65 9.67
5 12.21 12.02 11.53 9.19 14.23 14.59
6 17.15 16.40 15.80 14.17 18.24 18.75
7 18.39 20.05 16.98 19.72 19.64 19.83
8 20.38 18.91 20.00 22.56 16.39 16.17
9 14.22 13.11 16.04 19.48 10.31 10.09
10 1.92 2.19 2.51 3.57 1.66 1.57
11 1.36 1.16 1.51 2.35 1.04 0.95
), ArticleFig(id=1190364974842221050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405960167746, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

B企业3批HUK注射液与原液iCIEF测定的各电荷异构体峰面积占百分比结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
The peak
number
/Batches
Preparation peak
area percentage/%
Raw material peak
area percentage/%
a b c 1 2 3
1 0.83 0.94 0.86 0.38 0.96 0.79
2 1.80 2.28 2.20 1.04 2.43 2.20
3 4.41 4.79 4.84 2.70 5.47 5.42
4 7.35 8.20 7.72 4.87 9.65 9.67
5 12.21 12.02 11.53 9.19 14.23 14.59
6 17.15 16.40 15.80 14.17 18.24 18.75
7 18.39 20.05 16.98 19.72 19.64 19.83
8 20.38 18.91 20.00 22.56 16.39 16.17
9 14.22 13.11 16.04 19.48 10.31 10.09
10 1.92 2.19 2.51 3.57 1.66 1.57
11 1.36 1.16 1.51 2.35 1.04 0.95
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全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳分析尤瑞克林电荷异质性方法的建立与应用
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许蓉蓉 , 刘博 , 范慧红 , 王悦 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(16): 1532-1538
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(16): 1532-1538
全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳分析尤瑞克林电荷异质性方法的建立与应用
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许蓉蓉, 刘博, 范慧红, 王悦*
作者信息
  • 中国食品药品检定研究院, 国家药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 102629
  • 许蓉蓉,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:生化药品质量控制;

    刘博,男,博士,副研究员 研究方向:生化药品质量控制。

通讯作者:

* 王悦,女,硕士,研究员 研究方向:生化药品的质量研究 Tel:(010)53851530
Establishment and Application of ICIEF for the Analysis of Charge Heterogeneity of Human Urinary Kininogenase
Rongrong XU, Bo LIU, Huihong FAN, Yue WANG*
Affiliations
  • NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
出版时间: 2024-08-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.16.011
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目的 建立全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳(image capillary isoelectric focusing, iCIEF)方法分析尤瑞克林(human urinary kininogenase,HUK)的电荷异质性。方法 取35 μL 1%甲基纤维素、10 μL 200 mmol·L-1的亚氨基二乙酸、4 μL两性电解质溶液、48 mg尿素、等电点(pI)为 6.14和7.05的等电点标记物各0.5 μL及水,配制为100 μL供试品体系进行聚焦分析,聚焦条件为预聚焦电压1 500 V、持续时间1 min,聚焦电压3 000 V、持续时间6 min。结果 优化后的方法专属性良好、准确度验证中回收率在90%~110%之间;线性验证结果的r2为0.995 7;重复性验证中的各异构体的pI的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于0.2%,定量限为0.013 mg·mL-1;IDA及两性电解质等添加量的耐用性良好。采用该方法可以有效分离不同厂家的HUK电荷异构体。结论 建立的iCIEF方法具有良好的专属性、精密度、准确度和耐用性,能够很好地解决蛋白质类产品的电荷异质性评价的难题,对该类产品在电荷异质性角度的质量控制具有重要意义。

尤瑞克林  /  糖蛋白  /  电荷异质体  /  全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳(iCIEF)

OBJECTIVE To establish an analysis method of the charge heterogeneity of human urinary kininogenase (HUK) by using image capillary isoelectric focusing (iCIEF) and complete the methodological verification. METHODS The 35 μL 1% methyl cellulose, 10 μL 200 mmol·L-1 IDA, 4 μL pharmalyte electrolyte, 48 mg urea, 0.5 μL pI marker with pI 6.15 and 7.05 were added in the sample solution. The focusing condition was pre-focusing voltage 1 500V, duration 1 min, focusing voltage 3 000 V, duration 6 min. RESULTS The optimized method has stable baseline, and the target protein was significantly different from the unrelated protein, The recovery rate of accuracy verification was within 90%-110%, and the linearity verification result had r2 of 0.995 7, The RSD of each isomer pI in the repeatability verification was less than 0.2%. The limit of quantification was 0.013 mg·mL-1. The concentration of urea durability, IDA durability and the electrolyte pharmalyte durability are good. Using this method, the charge isomers of HUK from different manufactures were analyzed effectively. CONCLUSION The developed iCIEF method has good specificity, precision, linearity and durability, and can solve the problem of charge heterogeneity evaluation of protein products, which is of great significance to the quality control of such products from the perspective of charge heterogeneity.

human urinary kininogenase  /  glycoprotein  /  charge heterogeneity  /  image capillary isoelectric focusing(iCIEF)
许蓉蓉, 刘博, 范慧红, 王悦. 全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳分析尤瑞克林电荷异质性方法的建立与应用. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (16) : 1532 -1538 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.16.011
Rongrong XU, Bo LIU, Huihong FAN, Yue WANG. Establishment and Application of ICIEF for the Analysis of Charge Heterogeneity of Human Urinary Kininogenase[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (16) : 1532 -1538 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.16.011
生物来源的蛋白质经过例如糖基化、磷酸化、泛素化、乙酰化等复杂的翻译后修饰, 导致其表现出电荷异质性[1-2]。电荷异质性对蛋白质药物的免疫原性和生物学活性的发挥产生了重要影响,已证明可影响蛋白质与聚电解质的络合[3-4]等,因此电荷异质性是该类品种的关键质量属性[5]之一。常用的电荷检测技术主要包括离子色谱、区带电泳、等电聚焦等,其中等电聚焦方式包括平板等电聚焦电泳(isoelectirc focusing,IEF)、毛细管等电聚焦电泳(capillary isoelectric focusing,CIEF)和全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳(imaging capillary isoelectric focusing, iCIEF)。iCIEF与传统检测方法相比,省略了蛋白迁移至检测器的过程,可以缩短分析时间,降低了蛋白沉淀所致的毛细管堵塞的几率,并且可以实时监测蛋白质在毛细管中的动态过程,获得的信息更加全面[6-7],是目前公认的分析蛋白质电荷异质性的最佳方法之一[7-11]
尤瑞克林(human urinary kininogenase,HUK)是提取于健康成年男性新鲜尿液的一种糖蛋白,存在糖基化位点多、糖基化修饰复杂,这些因素也是引起该品种电荷异质性的原因之一[12]。此外,蛋白质在生产和储存过程中会发生一些修饰,如脱酰胺、氧化、异构化二硫键错配等,这也是造成电荷异质性的原因之一。由于这些变体的存在会对产品的活性产生影响[13],因此将电荷异质性分析作为质量控制的一部分是非常有必要的。
目前尚无将iCIEF应用于HUK的报道。本研究基于iCIEF技术建立了HUK电荷异质性的分析方法,对比了不同生产企业的HUK产品电荷异质体分布的情况,并对同企业产品的批间一致性进行了质量评价。
全柱成像毛细管等电聚焦电泳仪(型号Maurince,美国Protein simple公司);离心机(型号 1-14,德国SIGMA公司);电子天平(型号XPE205,瑞士METTLER TOLEDO公司);Millipore-Milli-Q超纯化水仪(美国Millipore公司);涡旋混合器(型号Digital Vortex-Genie 2,美国Scientific Industries公司)。
测定用原液和注射液样品两个企业各3批,由A,B两企业提供;尿素(批号U6504,≥98%,美国SIGMA公司);亚氨基二乙酸(iminodiacetic acid,IDA)(批号220000,98%,ALDRICH);两性电解质溶液(批号17-0456-01,美国GE Healthcare公司);1%甲基纤维素(MC)(批号102730)、0.5% MC(批号 101876)、pI 6.14等电点标记物(批号100220)、pI 7.05等电点标记物(批号 102226)、cIEF荧光标记物(批号046-025)、氢氧化钠(含0.1% MC,批号 102728)、磷酸(含0.1% MC,批号 102727)(美国Protein simple公司);10K超滤管(Omega 500/pk,PALL)。
将原液(0.7~1 mg·mL-1)、注射液(0.1 mg·mL-1)用10K超滤管置换除盐,14 800 r·min-1离心10 min,用纯化水置换3次。将蛋白质复溶,使终质量浓度为4 mg·mL-1; 企业注射用粉针制剂(约每支0.013 mg)取8支,分别溶解于200 μL水中,经10K超滤管超滤,加水复溶,使终质量浓度为4 mg·mL-1
取8 μL“2.1”项下制备的4 mg·mL-1的蛋白质溶液,加入35 μL 1%甲基纤维素、10 μL 200 mmol·L-1的IDA、4 μL两性电解质溶液、48 mg尿素,以及等电点(pI)为 6.14和7.05的等电点标记物各0.5 μL,然后加入42 μL水,使得样品体系终体积为100 μL,充分混合均匀后、14 800 r·min-1离心5 min,取80 μL上清液,转移至96孔板中检测。
采用Maurice cIEF(P/N090-101)卡盒;聚焦条件为:预聚焦电压1 500 V,持续时间1 min;聚焦电压3 000 V,持续时间8 min;紫外检测器,波长280 nm。阳极液:100 mmol·L-1氢氧化钠(含0.1% MC);阴极液:80 mmol·L-1磷酸(含0.1% MC)。
配制不同的样品体系,使得尿素的浓度分别为0、4、6、8 mol·L-1,终体积为100 μL。
配制除IDA浓度不同外、其他条件相同的样品体系,使得IDA的浓度分别为0、20 mmol·L-1
分别配制目标蛋白、非相关蛋白、空白试剂样品体系,按照优化的方法进行分析。
按照优化的方法配制目标蛋白溶液进样分析,同一样品连续进6针,将产生的所有峰进行积分,计算各峰pI以及峰面积百分比的平均值和相对标准偏差(RSD)。配制6份相同的目标蛋白样品体系,按照优化的方法、采用相同的条件进行分析,进样过程中每3针样品之间加进1针空白样品。将蛋白质所产生的所有峰进行积分,计算各峰的pI与峰面积百分比的均值与RSD。
配制不含目标蛋白的预混体系,分别向其中加入目标蛋白,使蛋白终质量浓度分别为0.031、0.063、0.125、0.25、0.5、1.0 mg·mL-1。按照优化的方法进样分析,各重复3次。以6个蛋白质浓度点的主峰峰高与蛋白质浓度做直线回归,得到3次重复拟合的3条曲线与回归方程。根据人用药品技术要求国际协调理事会 — 分析方法验证:文本及方法学(ICH_Q2_R1)[14]中的公式计算定量限(limit of quantitation,LOQ)。
配制终质量浓度为0.64、0.56、0.48、0.40、0.32、0.24 mg·mL-1的梯度浓度样品,对各个电荷异质体的总峰面积进行线性回归。
配制5份样品体系,使目标蛋白的终质量浓度分别0.1、0.2、0.3、0.75、1.0 mg·mL-1,重复3次。将谱图结果进行积分,计算每个进样的所有蛋白质峰的峰面积和的平均值,以各浓度所对应的峰面积和与蛋白质的终浓度做直线回归,得到回归方程。将各浓度点的浓度代入回归方程,计算各浓度点的理论峰面积和及回收率。
配制两性电解质终浓度为3%、4%、5%的样品溶液,使用相同方法进样分析。
配制IDA最终添加浓度18、20、22 mmol·L-1样品,采用相同方法进样分析。
当不添加尿素或尿素浓度过低时,蛋白质因在毛细管内聚集和沉淀,不利于电泳图展现[15];添加尿素作为稳定添加剂在聚焦时帮助稳定和溶解蛋白。当尿素浓度为8 mol·L-1时,蛋白能够被正常分析且峰形最好,峰之间不重叠,故选择8 mol·L-1尿素作为最终使用浓度。不同浓度的尿素添加下的保留见图1
由于该样品偏酸,当不添加IDA时,蛋白质在聚焦过程酸区部分峰会迁移出检测窗外,不能被保留,造成获得信息不全面的结果;添加20 mmol·L-1 IDA作为阳离子占位剂[16],占据阳极到检测器的毛细管,蛋白质的所有峰保留完整且分离良好,因此选择在样品体系中添加20 mmol·L-1的IDA,见图2
HUK的iCIEF典型图谱见图3,聚焦过程电流电压随时间变化见图4
采用优化的方法进行分析,目标蛋白质明显区分于非相关蛋白的图谱,且空白实际基线平稳,除2个等电点标记物(6.05,7.04)峰之外,不产生其他溶剂峰(图5)。表明该方法的专属性良好。
①仪器精密度:同一样品连续进样6次,样品叠加图谱(图6),图谱基本一致;异构体峰面积百分比的RSD为0.25%~6.78%,各pI的RSD均<0.4%,表明该仪器的精密度良好(表1)。
②重复性:异构体各峰面积百分比的RSD在0.71%~6.10%,pI的RSD为0.14%~0.20%,表明该方法的重复性良好(表2)。
按照优化方法重复检测3次,直线回归方程分别为y=113.39-0.604(r2=0.999 9),y=110.54x-0.603 5(r2=0.999 9),y=111.84x-0.865 2(r2=0.999 9)。按照ICH_Q2_R1要求计算,LOQ=10×0.150 948/111.956 7=0.013 mg·mL-1
配制终浓度为0.32、0.28、0.24、0.20、0.16、0.12 mg·mL-1的梯度浓度样品进样检测,对各个电荷异质体的总峰面积进行线性回归,测得线方程为y=48 761x-517.78,r2=0.995 7,表明该方法线性良好。
回归方程为:y=29 729x-913.03,r2=0.999 8。0.1、0.2、0.3、0.75、1.0 mg·mL-1质量浓度的样品的回收率分别为102.0%、100.48%、97.77%、101.19%、99.52%,均在90%~110%之间,表明该方法的准确度良好。
分别配制添加的两性电解质终浓度为3%、4%、5%的样品溶液,结果显示,在改变两性电解质浓度的条件下,峰面积占比在2%以上的异构体峰面积差异以及各电荷异构体pI值差异均较小,其异构体峰面积百分比以及pI的均值加减标准差($\bar{x}±s$)、RSD见表3
分别采用18、20、22 mmol·L-1的IDA为最终添加浓度,结果显示,峰面积在7%以上的各主要电荷异构体的峰面积值、pI值差异均较小,其异构体峰面积百分比以及pI的均值加减标准差($\bar{x}±s$)、RSD见表4
采用优化后的方法进行分析,共检测A企业与B企业各3批制剂、3批原液。发现相同企业间产品的iCIEF异构体分布较为一致,不同企业间产品的iCIEF异构体分布存在一定差异,同企业不同批次的原液之间、制剂之间pI分布基本一致; A企业的原液中检测到14个电荷异构体,制剂检测到12个电荷异构体,异构体等电点分布在2.92~4.94之间;B企业注射液和原液均检测到11个异构体,各异构体的pI分布在3.32~4.96;其具体pI和峰面积分布见表5~8。两企业各自原液、制剂的iCIEF叠加图见图7~8;A、B两企业原液、制剂代表图见图9~10
HUK是糖基化修饰复杂的人源性蛋白质,从健康人体的尿液中纯化得来[17],由于不同厂家、不同批次原料来源的人群不固定、蛋白质翻译后修饰复杂,决定了该蛋白的电荷不均一性。
蛋白质的等电点是它的内在属性之一,采用绝对等电点的实测方式(如阳离子去垢剂沉淀负电荷的蛋白)操作繁琐,不能反映电荷异质性的全景。采用等电点标记物的相对pI值测定方法相对简单,尤其采用iCIEF技术还可以观测聚焦的实时过程。聚焦过程中直接采集蛋白质峰位移的图像,省去了蛋白质迁移至检测窗口的时间,分析速度快。
该方法对样品的要求相对较高,很多样品需要经过复杂的前处理步骤才能满足测定要求。首先,该方法需要样品具有较高的初始浓度,对于浓度较低的蛋白质样品需要经过浓缩处理。此外,无机盐离子对保留行为的影响比较大,对含有无机盐的样品溶液需要在前处理过程中用水将盐溶液置换干净后再上样。
由于聚焦过程中蛋白质高度浓缩,使得蛋白质在聚焦过程中容易发生聚集,谱图的重现性难以保证。尿素是应用比较广泛的非离子型去垢剂,添加尿素之后,能够帮助稳定和溶解蛋白质,来解离蛋白质的非共价键连接,可以在聚焦过程中发生蛋白质沉淀现象,保证谱图重现。本实验采用8 mol·L-1尿素体系可以获得良好的各异构体分布谱图;但是由于该方法尿素添加比例比较高,在样品离心处理以及进样过程中,要避免低温条件和样品的长时间放置,以避免有析出;一旦有晶体析出需要重新充分涡旋溶解混匀、离心,重新上样;另外,也要尽快进样检测,以防止在放置过程中有固体析出堵塞卡盒。
由于酸性和碱性的载体两性电解质可能会扩散到阳极液和阴极液中,而加入良好的载体两性电解质作为占位剂(一般阳极占位剂选用IDA,阴极占位剂常用L-精氨酸)可以有效避免样品漂移出检测窗。HUK等酸性蛋白质样品不使用占位剂会出现酸区部分峰扩散到阳极液的情况,通过添加20 mmol·L-1的IDA可以使所有电荷异构体的峰保留且分离良好。但是加入这类电解质之后,由于形成pH梯度的毛细管长度降低了,pH梯度被压缩可能会导致分离度的降低。
本研究通过iCIEF技术建立了人源性尿激肽原酶电荷异构体的分析方法,经验证,该方法的专属性、精密度、准确度、耐用性、定量限良好,可以快速、稳定地分析HUK的电荷异质性,有效分离不同厂家的原液和制剂样品,电荷异质体的pI在2.9~5.0范围内,碱区末端小峰的有无可能与原液、制剂溶剂体系、储存环境等有差别有关;不同企业之间的产品电荷异构体的保留数目有差别,或许与生产工艺、原料来源等相关。本结果只能在电荷异质性角度体现保留行为的差异,并不能体现其在临床疗效中的差异。
目前,iCIEF已收录在《中国药典》2020年版3129单抗电荷变异体测定法[19]中,用于检测单抗的电荷变异体,并且经过验证该方法能够比较HUK电荷异构体的差异性,对电荷变异体的控制角度有实际意义,可以考虑将该方法用于HUK的质量标准提高中。综上所述,本研究建立的方法可以用于HUK的电荷异质体分析,对该类蛋白质的修饰分析、生产稳定性以及产品质量控制具有实际意义。
  • 中国食品药品检定研究院关键技术研究基金(GJJS-2022-5-2)
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2024年第59卷第16期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.16.011
  • 接收时间:2024-02-04
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2024-08-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-04
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中国食品药品检定研究院关键技术研究基金(GJJS-2022-5-2)
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    中国食品药品检定研究院, 国家药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与评价重点实验室, 北京 102629

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* 王悦,女,硕士,研究员 研究方向:生化药品的质量研究 Tel:(010)53851530
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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