Article(id=1190352405347799353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190352404290831102, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)16-1513-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.16.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761731729113, onlineDateStr=2025-10-29, pubDate=1724256000000, pubDateStr=2024-08-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761731729113, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761731729113, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761731729113, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1190352404290831102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='16', pageStart='1453', pageEnd='1550', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761731728860, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761732143204, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1190354142230053404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190352404290831102, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1190354142230053405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1190352404290831102, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1513, endPage=1521, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1190352405528154428, articleId=1190352405347799353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Effect of Guifu Dihuang Wan on Intestinal Lipid Absorption in Naturally Aged Mice, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effect of Guifu Dihuang Wan (GFDHW) on intestinal lipid absorption dysfunction in aging mice and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Twenty-six SPF male C57BL/6J mice aged 11 months were raised to 21 months and divided into an aging model group (Model group) and a GFDHW group (1.17 g·kg-1). The GFDHW group received medication via feed administration for 3 months, with free access to water during the administration period, while the Model group was fed normal feed and had free access to water. Weekly changes in body weight were recorded for each group of mice, and specimens were collected at 24 months of age. Nine SPF male C57BL/6J mice aged 8 months were used as the youth control group (Con group) and were acclimatized for 1 week before specimen collection. Prior to specimen collection, all groups of mice were fasted for 24 hours, and 0.2 mL of olive oil was administered by gavage to each group of mice at the end of the fasting period, followed by gavage of 0.2 mL of semi-solid nutrient solution 30 minutes before specimen collection. Small intestine propulsion tests were conducted to assess the small intestine motility of each group of mice. Biochemical reagent kits were used to measure the serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in each group of mice. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe changes in the number of lipid droplets in intestinal epithelial cells of each group. The calcium cobalt method was used for alkaline phosphatase staining to detect intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity in each group of intestines. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphology of intestinal epithelia in each group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of Olfm4, Lgr5, PCNA, Notch1, Hes1 and Villin in the small intestines of each group of mice. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression levels of lipid absorption-related molecular proteins in the small intestines of each group of mice. RESULTS Compared with the Con group mice, the Model group mice exhibited faster weight loss, decreased small intestine motility, increased serum TG, TC, and LDL levels, and increased number of lipid droplets in intestinal epithelial cells. The GFDHW group mice showed improved small intestine motility and decreased serum TG, TC, and LDL levels. HE staining revealed disordered arrangement and fracture of small intestinal villi, shortened villus length, decreased crypt depth, and reduced crypt numbers in Model group mice, whereas the GFDHW group mice exhibited orderly and continuous arrangement of small intestinal villi, increased villus length, higher crypt depth, and increased crypt numbers. The immunohistochemical results showed that compared to the Con group mice, the expression of Olfm4, PCNA, Notch1, Hes1, and Villin proteins in the small intestine of the Model group mice decreased, while the levels of these proteins increased in the GFDHW treated group mice. Western blot analysis revealed that compared to the Con group mice, the expression of CD36, FATP4, SR-BI, ACAT2, FABP1 and MTTP proteins in the small intestine of the Model group mice decreased, whereas the levels of these proteins increased in the GFDHW treated group mice. CONCLUSION GFDHW improves lipid absorption function in aging mice by upregulating Notch1 expression, promoting differentiation of intestinal stem cells into absorptive cells, and increasing the expression levels of related molecular proteins in the lipid absorption pathway.

, correspAuthors=Le TONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuhui GUO, Fengyuan PAN, Mei LI, Xiaohan TANG, Changcheng ZHANG, Le TONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1190352781891441490, articleId=1190352405347799353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=桂附地黄丸改善自然衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收功能减退的研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究桂附地黄丸对衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收功能减退的改善作用及可能的作用机制。方法 将26只SPF级雄性11月龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠饲养至21月龄,随后分为衰老模型组(Model组)和桂附地黄丸给药组(GFDHW,1.17 g·kg-1),给药组小鼠采用饲料给药的方法,持续给药3个月,给药期间自由饮水,Model组小鼠给予正常饲料饲养,期间自由饮水,记录各组小鼠每周的体质量变化,于24月龄时进行处理取材;9只SPF级雄性8月龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为青年对照组(Con组),适应性饲养1周后进行处理取材。取材处理前,各组小鼠禁食24h,禁食结束后各组小鼠灌胃0.2 mL橄榄油,取材处理前30 min,各组小鼠灌胃0.2 mL半固体营养液。小肠推进运动实验检测小鼠小肠运动能力;生化试剂盒检测各组小鼠血清甘油三酯(triacylglycerol,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein,LDL)的含量;透射电镜观察各组肠上皮细胞中脂滴数量变化;钙钴法碱性磷酸酶染色检测各组肠道碱性磷酸酶(intestinal alkaline phosphatase,IAP)活性;苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色观察各组肠上皮形态;免疫组织化学法检测各组小鼠小肠Olfm4、Lgr5、PCNA、Notch1、Hes1以及Villin的表达;免疫印记法(Western blot)检测各组小鼠小肠脂质吸收相关分子蛋白表达水平。结果 与Con组小鼠相比,Model组小鼠体质量下降较快,小肠运动能力下降,血清TG、TC、LDL含量增加,肠上皮细胞中脂滴数量增多,GFDHW组小鼠较衰老小鼠小肠运动能力有所提升,血清TG、TC、LDL含量降低,肠上皮细胞中脂滴数量减少;HE染色Model组小鼠小肠绒毛排列紊乱、断裂,绒毛长度缩短,隐窝深度降低,隐窝数量减少,与衰老小鼠相比,GFDHW组小鼠小肠绒毛排列整齐、连续,绒毛长度增加,隐窝深度升高, 隐窝数量增多;免疫组化结果显示,与Con组小鼠相比,Model组小鼠小肠Olfm4、PCNA、Notch1、Hes1、Villin蛋白表达降低,与衰老小鼠相比,GFDHW组小鼠上述指标蛋白水平升高;Western blot结果显示,与Con组小鼠相比,Model组小鼠小肠CD36、FATP4、SR-BI、ACAT2、FABP1和MTTP蛋白表达下降,与衰老小鼠相比GFDHW组小鼠上述指标蛋白水平升高。结论 GFDHW通过提高Notch1表达促使肠干细胞向吸收细胞分化以及提高脂质吸收途径中相关分子蛋白表达水平,从而改善衰老小鼠小肠脂质吸收功能。

, correspAuthors=童乐, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 童乐,男,硕士 研究方向:衰老所致的肠道功能障碍的发生机制及中医药防治机理研究 Tel:(0717)6396558
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郭煜晖,女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中医藏象理论、衰老及肠道疾病的中医药防治机理研究

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2 Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
3 Hubei Clinical Research Center for Functional Digestive Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443005, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1190365069906116668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, authorId=1190365069633486903, language=CN, stringName=郭煜晖, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 三峡大学健康医学院, 湖北 宜昌 443002
2 国家中医药管理局中药药理科研三级实验室, 湖北 宜昌 443002
3 湖北省功能性消化系统疾病中医临床医学研究中心/三峡大学中医医院, 湖北 宜昌 443005, bio={"content":"

郭煜晖,女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中医藏象理论、衰老及肠道疾病的中医药防治机理研究

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郭煜晖,女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中医藏象理论、衰老及肠道疾病的中医药防治机理研究

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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2016, 310(9):G659-G668., articleTitle=Control of chylomicron export from the intestine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190365074654068874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=583, issue=7817, pageStart=596, pageEnd=602, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=SCHAUM N, LEHALLIER B, HAHN O, journalName=Nature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHAUM N, LEHALLIER B, HAHN O, et al. Ageing hallmarks exhibit organ-specific temporal signatures[J]. Nature, 2020, 583(7817):596-602., articleTitle=Ageing hallmarks exhibit organ-specific temporal signatures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190365074742149259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=53, issue=17, pageStart=1470, pageEnd=1476, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=ZENG L L, DING C B, Yang S, journalName=中国药学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG L L, DING C B, Yang S, et al. Study on the anti-aging effect and mechanism of red ginseng extract on D-galactose-induced aging mice[J]. 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DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903762., articleTitle=Relief Effects of Icariin on Inflammation-Induced Decrease of Tight Junctions in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1190365074863784077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=58, issue=13, pageStart=1178, pageEnd=1185, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=TIAN S H, ZHAO H T, YANG X F, journalName=中国药学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN S H, ZHAO H T, YANG X F, et al. Metabolomics study of metformin in alleviating muscle aging in mice[J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2023, 58 (13): 1178-1185., articleTitle=Metabolomics study of metformin in alleviating muscle aging in mice, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1190365073169285237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, awardId=81873349, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(81873349), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1190365073236394102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, awardId=SXZ202314, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省功能性消化系统疾病中医临床医学研究中心开放基金(SXZ202314), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1190365069310525482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1190365069318914091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, companyId=1190365069310525482, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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companyId=1190365069532823603, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 三峡大学基础医学院, 湖北 宜昌 443002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1190365071994880101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of GFDHW on body weight of aging mice.n=6,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=24Ux1pAt8jgDxuGZzczoTw==, figureFileBig=yAlHfK+NQ7YT9IKs0eBv/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072057794662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=CN, label=图1, caption=桂附地黄丸(GFDHW)对衰老小鼠体质量的影响。n=6,$\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=24Ux1pAt8jgDxuGZzczoTw==, figureFileBig=yAlHfK+NQ7YT9IKs0eBv/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072158457959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of GFDHW on small intestinal motility in aging mice. n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

1)P<0.001,vs Con group;2) P<0.05, vs Model group.

, figureFileSmall=tF53iFmsgbTUBFBTcGXPZg==, figureFileBig=ClJ3vEMobDt+WZ4iKNdfaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072221372520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=CN, label=图2, caption=GFDHW对衰老小鼠小肠运动能力的影响。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

与Con组比较,1) P<0.001;与Model组比较,2) P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=tF53iFmsgbTUBFBTcGXPZg==, figureFileBig=ClJ3vEMobDt+WZ4iKNdfaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072284287081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of GFDHW on intestinal alkaline phosphatase content in aging mice(×400). n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

1) P<0.01,vs Con group.

, figureFileSmall=D4wD/e2SkJ3ywsVy66XsRQ==, figureFileBig=tBMes7FN4U4loT3+/kiRDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072355590250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=CN, label=图3, caption=GFDHW对衰老小鼠肠道碱性磷酸酶(IAP)含量的影响(×400)。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

与Con组比较,1) P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=D4wD/e2SkJ3ywsVy66XsRQ==, figureFileBig=tBMes7FN4U4loT3+/kiRDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072414310507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of GFDHW on serum TG, TC and LDL levels in aging mice.n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

1) P<0.05,2) P<0.01,3) P<0.001,vs Con group;4) P<0.05,vs Model group.

, figureFileSmall=WwJEhNg7/OmjZ7EmGBAYdA==, figureFileBig=XB36oiM5fG2LAsinOYtbSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072489807980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=CN, label=图4, caption=GFDHW对衰老小鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平的影响。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

与Con组比较,1) P<0.05,2) P<0.01,3) P<0.001;与Model组比较,4) P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=WwJEhNg7/OmjZ7EmGBAYdA==, figureFileBig=XB36oiM5fG2LAsinOYtbSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072552722541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of GFDHW on the number of lipid droplets in intestinal epithelial cells of aging mice. n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

arrow-the number of lipid droplets; 1) P<0.001, vs Con group;2) P<0.01, vs Model group.

, figureFileSmall=tawNM56CfM4Kas9i67VPyQ==, figureFileBig=vJofptr80Yp8/INMIk7COA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072624025710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=CN, label=图5, caption=GFDHW对衰老小鼠肠上皮细胞中脂滴数量的影响。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

箭头-脂滴数量;与Con组比较,1) P<0.001;与Model组比较,2) P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=tawNM56CfM4Kas9i67VPyQ==, figureFileBig=vJofptr80Yp8/INMIk7COA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072686940271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of GFDHW on intestinal epithelial morphology and pathological changes of aging mice(scale bar=100 μm).n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

1)P<0.01,2)P<0.001, vs Con group;3)P<0.05,4)P<0.01, vs Model group.

, figureFileSmall=Wxdo1m3iB3Dl8d1MeT/gPQ==, figureFileBig=ZOiCjIVB+pRD2cBcz7YZcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072762437744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=CN, label=图6, caption=GFDHW对衰老小鼠肠上皮形态以及病理学改变的影响(标尺=100 μm)。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

与Con组比较,1)P<0.01,2)P<0.001;与Model组比较,3) P<0.05,4) P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=Wxdo1m3iB3Dl8d1MeT/gPQ==, figureFileBig=ZOiCjIVB+pRD2cBcz7YZcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072821158001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of GFDHW on the number of small intestine absorption cells in aging mice(scale bar=60 μm).n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

IOD-accumulated optical density values of immunohistochemistry staining; 1)P<0.01,2)P<0.001,vs Con group;3)P<0.05,4)P<0.01,vs Model group.

, figureFileSmall=pKYTRflk8JgvZrnuIY+ymQ==, figureFileBig=AY2BUhYq/SCrUmII6kVCuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072888266866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=CN, label=图7, caption=GFDHW对衰老小鼠小肠吸收细胞数量的影响(标尺=60 μm)。n=5,$\bar{x}±s$

IOD-免疫组化染色累积光密度值;与Con组比较,1)P<0.01,2)P<0.001;与Model组比较,3)P<0.05,4)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=pKYTRflk8JgvZrnuIY+ymQ==, figureFileBig=AY2BUhYq/SCrUmII6kVCuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365072946987123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of GFDHW on the levels of molecular proteins related to lipid absorption pathway in small intestine of aging mice.n=3, x -±s

1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01,3)P<0.001, vs Con group;4)P<0.05,5)P<0.01, vs Model group。

, figureFileSmall=HAJCrI990YJg0ZrVyMSM6Q==, figureFileBig=lv6zUutOck1+hUG+1lIXjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1190365073018290292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1190352405347799353, language=CN, label=图8, caption=GFDHW对衰老小鼠小肠脂质吸收途径相关分子蛋白水平的影响。n=3,$\bar{x}±s$

与Con组相比,1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01,3)P<0.001;与Model组相比,4)P<0.05,5)P<0.01.

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桂附地黄丸改善自然衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收功能减退的研究
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郭煜晖 1, 2, 3 , 潘冯缘 1, 2 , 李梅 1, 2 , 唐小涵 1, 2 , 张长城 1, 2 , 童乐 1, 4, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(16): 1513-1521
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(16): 1513-1521
桂附地黄丸改善自然衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收功能减退的研究
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郭煜晖1, 2, 3, 潘冯缘1, 2, 李梅1, 2, 唐小涵1, 2, 张长城1, 2, 童乐1, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1 三峡大学健康医学院, 湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 2 国家中医药管理局中药药理科研三级实验室, 湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 3 湖北省功能性消化系统疾病中医临床医学研究中心/三峡大学中医医院, 湖北 宜昌 443005
  • 4 三峡大学基础医学院, 湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 郭煜晖,女,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中医藏象理论、衰老及肠道疾病的中医药防治机理研究

通讯作者:

* 童乐,男,硕士 研究方向:衰老所致的肠道功能障碍的发生机制及中医药防治机理研究 Tel:(0717)6396558
Effect of Guifu Dihuang Wan on Intestinal Lipid Absorption in Naturally Aged Mice
Yuhui GUO1, 2, 3, Fengyuan PAN1, 2, Mei LI1, 2, Xiaohan TANG1, 2, Changcheng ZHANG1, 2, Le TONG1, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • 2 Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • 3 Hubei Clinical Research Center for Functional Digestive Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443005, China
  • 4 College of Basic Medicine Sciences, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
出版时间: 2024-08-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.16.009
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目的 探究桂附地黄丸对衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收功能减退的改善作用及可能的作用机制。方法 将26只SPF级雄性11月龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠饲养至21月龄,随后分为衰老模型组(Model组)和桂附地黄丸给药组(GFDHW,1.17 g·kg-1),给药组小鼠采用饲料给药的方法,持续给药3个月,给药期间自由饮水,Model组小鼠给予正常饲料饲养,期间自由饮水,记录各组小鼠每周的体质量变化,于24月龄时进行处理取材;9只SPF级雄性8月龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为青年对照组(Con组),适应性饲养1周后进行处理取材。取材处理前,各组小鼠禁食24h,禁食结束后各组小鼠灌胃0.2 mL橄榄油,取材处理前30 min,各组小鼠灌胃0.2 mL半固体营养液。小肠推进运动实验检测小鼠小肠运动能力;生化试剂盒检测各组小鼠血清甘油三酯(triacylglycerol,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein,LDL)的含量;透射电镜观察各组肠上皮细胞中脂滴数量变化;钙钴法碱性磷酸酶染色检测各组肠道碱性磷酸酶(intestinal alkaline phosphatase,IAP)活性;苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色观察各组肠上皮形态;免疫组织化学法检测各组小鼠小肠Olfm4、Lgr5、PCNA、Notch1、Hes1以及Villin的表达;免疫印记法(Western blot)检测各组小鼠小肠脂质吸收相关分子蛋白表达水平。结果 与Con组小鼠相比,Model组小鼠体质量下降较快,小肠运动能力下降,血清TG、TC、LDL含量增加,肠上皮细胞中脂滴数量增多,GFDHW组小鼠较衰老小鼠小肠运动能力有所提升,血清TG、TC、LDL含量降低,肠上皮细胞中脂滴数量减少;HE染色Model组小鼠小肠绒毛排列紊乱、断裂,绒毛长度缩短,隐窝深度降低,隐窝数量减少,与衰老小鼠相比,GFDHW组小鼠小肠绒毛排列整齐、连续,绒毛长度增加,隐窝深度升高, 隐窝数量增多;免疫组化结果显示,与Con组小鼠相比,Model组小鼠小肠Olfm4、PCNA、Notch1、Hes1、Villin蛋白表达降低,与衰老小鼠相比,GFDHW组小鼠上述指标蛋白水平升高;Western blot结果显示,与Con组小鼠相比,Model组小鼠小肠CD36、FATP4、SR-BI、ACAT2、FABP1和MTTP蛋白表达下降,与衰老小鼠相比GFDHW组小鼠上述指标蛋白水平升高。结论 GFDHW通过提高Notch1表达促使肠干细胞向吸收细胞分化以及提高脂质吸收途径中相关分子蛋白表达水平,从而改善衰老小鼠小肠脂质吸收功能。

桂附地黄丸  /  衰老  /  脂质吸收  /  小肠  /  肠吸收细胞

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effect of Guifu Dihuang Wan (GFDHW) on intestinal lipid absorption dysfunction in aging mice and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Twenty-six SPF male C57BL/6J mice aged 11 months were raised to 21 months and divided into an aging model group (Model group) and a GFDHW group (1.17 g·kg-1). The GFDHW group received medication via feed administration for 3 months, with free access to water during the administration period, while the Model group was fed normal feed and had free access to water. Weekly changes in body weight were recorded for each group of mice, and specimens were collected at 24 months of age. Nine SPF male C57BL/6J mice aged 8 months were used as the youth control group (Con group) and were acclimatized for 1 week before specimen collection. Prior to specimen collection, all groups of mice were fasted for 24 hours, and 0.2 mL of olive oil was administered by gavage to each group of mice at the end of the fasting period, followed by gavage of 0.2 mL of semi-solid nutrient solution 30 minutes before specimen collection. Small intestine propulsion tests were conducted to assess the small intestine motility of each group of mice. Biochemical reagent kits were used to measure the serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in each group of mice. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe changes in the number of lipid droplets in intestinal epithelial cells of each group. The calcium cobalt method was used for alkaline phosphatase staining to detect intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity in each group of intestines. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphology of intestinal epithelia in each group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of Olfm4, Lgr5, PCNA, Notch1, Hes1 and Villin in the small intestines of each group of mice. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the expression levels of lipid absorption-related molecular proteins in the small intestines of each group of mice. RESULTS Compared with the Con group mice, the Model group mice exhibited faster weight loss, decreased small intestine motility, increased serum TG, TC, and LDL levels, and increased number of lipid droplets in intestinal epithelial cells. The GFDHW group mice showed improved small intestine motility and decreased serum TG, TC, and LDL levels. HE staining revealed disordered arrangement and fracture of small intestinal villi, shortened villus length, decreased crypt depth, and reduced crypt numbers in Model group mice, whereas the GFDHW group mice exhibited orderly and continuous arrangement of small intestinal villi, increased villus length, higher crypt depth, and increased crypt numbers. The immunohistochemical results showed that compared to the Con group mice, the expression of Olfm4, PCNA, Notch1, Hes1, and Villin proteins in the small intestine of the Model group mice decreased, while the levels of these proteins increased in the GFDHW treated group mice. Western blot analysis revealed that compared to the Con group mice, the expression of CD36, FATP4, SR-BI, ACAT2, FABP1 and MTTP proteins in the small intestine of the Model group mice decreased, whereas the levels of these proteins increased in the GFDHW treated group mice. CONCLUSION GFDHW improves lipid absorption function in aging mice by upregulating Notch1 expression, promoting differentiation of intestinal stem cells into absorptive cells, and increasing the expression levels of related molecular proteins in the lipid absorption pathway.

Guifu Dihuang Wan  /  aging  /  lipid absorption  /  intestinum tenue  /  intestinal absorption cell
郭煜晖, 潘冯缘, 李梅, 唐小涵, 张长城, 童乐. 桂附地黄丸改善自然衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收功能减退的研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (16) : 1513 -1521 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.16.009
Yuhui GUO, Fengyuan PAN, Mei LI, Xiaohan TANG, Changcheng ZHANG, Le TONG. Effect of Guifu Dihuang Wan on Intestinal Lipid Absorption in Naturally Aged Mice[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (16) : 1513 -1521 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.16.009
随着人类寿命的不断提高,老龄化问题日益严重。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)预计,到2050年,60岁及以上的人口数量将增加一倍,而80岁及以上的人口数量将在2020年至2050年之间增加两倍[1]。衰老会导致肠道许多功能发生变化,例如胃肠道蠕动减慢、消化吸收和代谢功能下降等,且肠道上皮正常吸收功能的丧失可导致营养不良和其他疾病,这对老年人和体弱者尤其有害[2-3]。肠道中膳食的脂质消化吸收对维持全身能量稳态非常重要,对健康和疾病的防治有重要影响[4-5]。中老年人普遍存在血脂异常的情况,严重的则会导致高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化等一系列疾病产生。因此,改善老年人脂质消化吸收功能对其身体健康意义重大。
肠道的功能依赖于肠干细胞(intestinal stem cells,ISC),衰老会导致ISC数量减少和功能减退,进而影响肠道功能[6-7]。桂附地黄丸(Guifu Dihuang Wan,GFDHW)由肉桂、附子、山药、牡丹皮、茯苓、地黄、泽泻以及山茱萸八味药制成,功在温补肾阳,以促“阳化气”。本研究以自然衰老小鼠作为研究对象,基于“阳化气,阴成形”理论,研究GFDHW对衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收的改善作用及可能的机制,为临床运用补肾方药改善老年血脂异常提供实验依据,进一步为防治高脂血症诱发心脑血管疾病提供新思路。
无特定病原体(specific pathogen free, SPF)级雄性11月龄C57BL/6J小鼠26只,SPF级雄性8月龄C57BL/6J小鼠9只,均购自于三峡大学实验动物中心,实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(鄂)2017-0012。所有实验小鼠饲养于三峡大学实验动物中心,温度(22±2)℃,湿度(60±5)%,光照明暗交替,喂养期间实验小鼠均自由活动及摄食饮水,所有动物实验根据“三峡大学实验动物护理和使用指南”进行,并获得三峡大学动物实验伦理委员会批准。
GFDHW(河南省宛西制药股份有限公司),由肉桂、附子、山药、牡丹皮、茯苓、地黄、泽泻以及山茱萸八味药制成,国药准字Z41021898,药物批号:211201,根据人和小鼠体表面积换算法计算给药剂量,实验中将GFDHW研磨成粉末,由饲料公司加工制成含药饲料。
甘油三酯(TG)检测试剂盒、总胆固醇(TC)检测试剂盒、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)检测试剂盒(南京建成科技有限公司,货号:A110-1-1、A111-1-1、A113-1-1);增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)抗体(苏州睿灜生物技术有限公司,货号:RLM3031);神经源性位点缺口同源蛋白1(neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1,NOTCH1)抗体(万类生物科技有限公司,货号:WL03097a);嗅素蛋白4(olfactomedin-4,Olfm4)、Split多毛增强子1重组蛋白(recombinant hairy and enhancer of split 1,Hes1)(美国Cell Signaling Technology公司,货号:39141、11988);绒毛蛋白重组兔单克隆抗体(villin monoclonalantibody,Villin)、B类清道夫受体1(scavenger receptor class B member 1,SR-BI)一抗(武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司,货号:66096-1-Ig、21277-1-AP);血小板糖蛋白4(platelet glycoprotein 4,CD36)一抗、长链脂肪酸运输蛋白4(long-chain fatty acid transport protein 4,FATP4)一抗、乙酰辅酶A乙酰转移酶2重组蛋白(recombinant acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2,ACAT2)一抗、重组人脂肪酸结合蛋白1(recombinant human fatty acid-binding protein 1,FABP1)一抗、微粒体甘油三酸酯转运蛋白重组蛋白(recombinant microsomal triglyceride transfer protein,MTTP)一抗、β-actin一抗、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GADPH)一抗(美国Abclonal公司,货号:A19016、A16101、A1399、A8895、A1746、AC206);GAPDH一抗(武汉塞维尔生物科技有限公司,货号:GB15004)。
超纯水仪(四川纯洁科技有限公司);超薄切片机(德国Leica公司);LEICATP 1020自动脱水机(德国Leica公司);各量程移液器(芬兰Biohit公司);包埋机(武汉俊杰电子有限公司);摊片烤片机(上海寰熙医疗器械有限公司);全波长酶标仪(瑞士Tecan公司);组织匀浆仪(湖北新纵科病毒疾病工程技术有限公司);染色机(米兰DIAPATH公司);Western blot电泳仪(美国Bio-Rad公司);化学发光凝胶成像自动显影仪(上海勤翔科学仪器有限公司); EasyScan数字切片扫描仪(麦克奥迪实业集团有限公司);Centrifuge 5424R型高速冷冻离心机(德国Eppendorf公司);DGG-9240B型电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海森信实验仪器有限公司);透射电子显微镜、TL4光学显微镜(日本Olympus公司);H-7500型透射显微镜(日本HITACHI公司)。
将26只SPF级雄性11月龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠饲养至21月龄,随后分为衰老模型组(Model组)组和GFDHW给药组(1.17 g·kg-1),给药组小鼠采用饲料给药的方法,持续给药3个月,给药期间自由饮水,Model组小鼠给予正常饲料饲养,期间自由饮水,记录各组小鼠每周的体质量变化,于24月龄时进行处理取材;SPF级雄性8月龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为青年对照组,适应性饲养1周后进行处理取材。
各组小鼠禁食24 h,禁食结束后,各组小鼠灌胃0.2 mL容积营养性半固体糊,30 min后处理小鼠,打开腹腔,分离出肠。用镊子轻轻提取上端至幽门、下端至回盲部的肠管,平铺于试验台上,不牵扯,轻轻将小肠拉成直线,用直尺测量小肠全长长度 (L1)以及幽门至炭末所达最远端的长度 (L2),按公式1计算肠推进率:
小肠推进率(%)=(L2/L1)×100%
提前将蜡块放置-20 ℃冷冻1 h,冷冻完成后开始进行切片。取出冷冻好的蜡块固定在切片机上,使其切面平行于固定架,随后固定好刀片,慢慢调动切片刀与蜡块的距离,待切片刀能正好切到蜡块为止。先粗切修出组织,待切片上可见完整的组织后调整为4 μm厚度,进行细切,取连续的且无刀痕的完整的横截面石蜡切片,用镊子和毛笔轻取下来将放在60 ℃水中摊平,再将切片捞出使其黏附在病理载玻片上,标注好编号,放入60 ℃烘箱烤片4~6 h,烤片完成后,将切片保存于4 ℃冰箱备用。将石蜡切片放入37~60 ℃的烘箱中10 min左右,待石蜡融化,放入二甲苯中脱蜡。将已脱蜡的切片依次放入体积分数95%乙醇2 min、体积分数75%乙醇2 min、体积分数30%乙醇2 min、蒸馏水洗2 min(3次)进行水合。按照试剂盒的方法进行染色。在玻片上滴加数滴基质液,覆盖在样本上,37 ℃避光孵育15 min,孵育完成后甩掉多余的染液,不要水洗;立即滴加试剂四染液染色5 min,水洗30 s,甩去多余的水,注意保持样本湿润;再滴加试剂五染色30 s左右,水洗30 s,甩去多余的水,注意保持样本湿润;最后滴加试剂六复染30 s,水洗30 s,甩干,镜检。待玻片晾干后,用Motic DSConference Lite扫描采集图像,并用Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件分析。
小鼠眼球取血,室温静置30 min后4 ℃ 3 000 r·min-1离心15 min,取上清后按照相应试剂盒说明书的方法和要求,用移液器将血清以及相应试剂依次加入96孔板中,同时设置好空白对照孔和标准品对照孔,震荡孔板混匀,37 ℃孵育10 min,在酶标仪设置好相应波长进行检测,根据光密度(optical density,OD)值以及说明书上的计算公式算出血清TG、TC和LDL的含量。
各组小鼠禁食24 h后,灌胃0.2 mL橄榄油,6 h后处理小鼠,置于冰上快速取材,取0.6 cm近端小肠组织,立即放入电镜固定液中固定24 h,固定完成后用PBS漂洗样品3次,每次15 min,再将组织放入体积分数1%锇酸溶液固定2~3 h,所有固定均在4 ℃进行。固定完成后,样品经磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)漂洗3次,经梯度乙醇依次脱水,每个浓度依次将切片放入体积分数为100%、95%、85%、75%的乙醇中依次浸泡各15~20 min,再用体积分数90%丙酮处理样品15~20 min,最后经无水丙酮处理30 min;脱水完成后,将样品置于环氧树脂和丙酮的混合液中进行包埋,最后置于徕卡超薄切片机上切片,厚度60 nm,切片经醋酸铀-枸橼酸铅双染色处理,置于H-7500型透射显微镜下观察小肠上皮细胞中脂滴的形态大小以及数量变化,取图并统计分析。各组小鼠禁食24 h后,灌胃0.2 mL橄榄油,6 h后处理小鼠,置于冰上快速取材,取0.6 cm近端小肠组织,立即放入电镜固定液中固定24 h,固定完成后用PBS漂洗样品3次,每次15 min,再将组织放入体积分数为1%锇酸溶液固定2~3 h,所有固定均在4 ℃进行。固定完成后,样品用PBS溶液漂洗3次,漂洗完成后依次加入体积分数为30%、50%、70%、90%、95%、100%的乙醇,每个体积分数的乙醇脱水时间约为15~20 min,处理完成后,脱水、切片、观察步骤同前。
取出已准备好的石蜡切片置于全自动染色机中,进行脱蜡水化,脱蜡后,将切片放入装有苏木精的染缸里,染色3 min,体积分数1%盐酸乙醇分化1 s,流水冲洗10 min反蓝,双蒸水(ddH2O)润洗1 min,再将切片放入体积分数1%伊红溶液中染色1 min。将切片按照梯度乙醇进行脱水透明,待脱水透明结束后,将切片架从二甲苯中拿出,将切片平铺在桌面上,向组织上滴加一滴中性树胶,取出干净的载玻片将其覆盖,置于阴凉通风处风干。风干后用数字切片扫描仪采集各组病理图像,统计分析。
将先前准备好的小肠组织切片拿出来,做好标记,将切片放于60 ℃烘箱内进行烘烤,烤至切片上的石蜡完全融化,进行脱蜡;将脱蜡完成后的玻片架放入含有500 mL修复液的烧杯中,水煮沸后将烧杯放入高压锅进行高压修复,修复结束后拿出来冷却至室温;随后灭活内源性过氧化物酶、封闭、孵育相应一抗(β-actain 1:100 000、GADPH 1:10 000、Villin 1:2 000、CD36 1:1 500、FATP4 1:1 500、SR-BI 1:1 500、ACAT2 1:2 000、FABP1 1:2 000、MTTP 1:1 500、mTOR 1:1 500)、二抗(16 000)、二氨基联苯胺(diaminobenzidine,DAB)显色,最后取图分析统计。
从-80°冰箱取回肠组织约50 mg,使用RIPA裂解液(含蛋白酶抑制剂混合物)在冰上裂解组织,提取组织总蛋白,蛋白定量(bicinchoninic aicd assay,BCA)法定量蛋白浓度。通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)分离出相关蛋白CD36、FATP4等一抗二抗的浓度,一抗4 ℃过夜,二抗室温孵育1 h,用增强型化学发光试剂(enhanced chemiluminescence,ECL)显影液在成像系统显影,ImageJ分析灰度值。
所有实验数据均采用统计软件Graphpad Prism 7.0进行统计分析以及作图,实验数据以均数±标准差($\bar{x}±s$)表示;各组数据显著性检验采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)进行组间比较;P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
记录各组小鼠每周体质量变化以及小鼠处理前的体质量,结果见图1,随着时间的推移,Model组小鼠和GFDHW组小鼠体质量呈现出下降趋势,与Model组相比,GFDHW给药组小鼠体质量下降速度较慢。
小鼠小肠运动实验结果表明(图2),与Con组相比,Model组小鼠小肠中半固体营养糊推进距离减少,Model组小鼠小肠运动能力下降(P<0.001);与Model组相比,GFDHW组小鼠小肠中半固体营养糊推进距离增加,GFDHW组小鼠小肠运动能力有所提高(P<0.05)。
与Con组相比,Model组小鼠小肠碱性磷酸酶(inteatinal alkaline phosphatase, IAP)含量下降(P<0.01);与Model组小鼠相比,GFDHW组小鼠小肠IAP含量有所增加,但无统计学意义,见图3
与Con组相比,Model组小鼠血清TG、TC、LDL浓度均升高(P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.05),与Model组相比,GFDHW组小鼠血清TG、TC、LDL浓度降低(P<0.05),见图4
与Con组相比,Model组小鼠肠上皮细胞中脂滴数量(黑色箭头)显著增多(P<0.001);与Model组相比,GFDHW组小鼠肠上皮细胞中脂滴数量有所减少(P<0.01),见图5
与Con组相比,Model组小鼠肠上皮绒毛排列紊乱、断裂,且绒毛长度缩短、隐窝深度降低以及隐窝数量减少(P<0.001,P<0.01);与Model组相比,GFDHW组小鼠绒毛排列整齐,绒毛连续、完整,且绒毛长度、隐窝深度增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),见图6
通过免疫组化检测影响肠吸收细胞数量相关分子的蛋白表达水平,与Con组相比,Model组小鼠小肠Olfm4、PCNA、Notch1、Hes1以及Villin表达下降(P<0.001,P<0.01);与Model组小鼠相比,GFDHW组小鼠小肠Olfm4、PCNA、Notch1、Hes1以及Villin表达升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),见图7
通过Western blot检测肠道脂质吸收途径相关分子的蛋白表达水平,与Con组相比,Model组小鼠小肠CD36、FATP4、SR-BI、ACAT2、FABP1以及MTTP表达下降(P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.05);与Model组小鼠相比,GFDHW组小鼠小肠CD36、FATP4、SR-BI、FABP1及MTTP表达升高(P<0.01,P<0.05)。ACAT2表达有升高的趋势,但无统计学意义,见图8
随着年龄的增加,机体各组织器官的形态结构随之发生改变。像大多数器官一样,肠道在衰老过程中表现出多种变化,胃肠道蠕动减慢、消化吸收和代谢功能下降等,有研究发现老年人对脂质和葡萄糖的吸收存在特定缺陷,且肠道上皮的变化导致食物吸收不良和屏障功能降低,从而增加疾病风险,这对老年人和体弱者尤其有害[8]。中医理论认为,脾与小肠经气感召而相通,小肠受盛、化物的功能赖肾阳的温煦蒸化。年老肾阳(气)亏虚,蒸化无力,脾运失健,水谷肥甘之物助湿生痰,从浊化而为膏,凝而为脂,留滞于血脉,气血失其畅流敷布则百病丛生,因而脂质异常是影响老年人群健康的重要因素之一。GFDHW源自《金匮要略》肾气丸,补肾阳之虚,可促进“有形化无形”的气化过程。因此本研究以自然衰老小鼠作为研究对象,研究GFDHW对衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收的改善作用及机制探讨。
肠道中脂质的处理在维持全身脂质和能量稳态中起着重要作用,对健康和疾病的防治具有重要意义[9]。小肠是营养物质消化吸收的主要部位,小肠由丰富的肠绒毛组成,增加了吸收营养物质的肠道表面积。在小肠黏膜所有的上皮细胞中,肠吸收细胞是负责消化吸收的主要细胞,且吸收细胞的数量最多,约占90%以上。因此,肠吸收细胞的数量以及功能对脂质的消化吸收至关重要。肠吸收细胞来源于隐窝底部的ISC,ISC能长期自我更新和分化成吸收细胞和分泌细胞[10-11]。Notch信号是决定吸收细胞和分泌细胞之间选择的关键,当Notch表达增加时,分化偏向吸收细胞,反之则偏向分泌细胞[2-12]。研究发现,衰老相关吸收不良主要是由于ISC衰竭、活性降低、数量减少,导致绒毛大小和密度降低[6]。并且多个研究表明,衰老状态会导致ISC数量减少以及功能下降[13-14]。因此,衰老导致ISC数量和功能下降,进而导致吸收细胞数量的减少,可能是导致衰老小鼠脂质吸收能力降低的原因。
小肠吸收来自饮食的膳食脂质(三酰甘油、胆固醇酯和磷脂)、来自肠黏膜脱落的肠细胞和来自肝脏胆汁的内源脂质[15]。吸收细胞上的CD36和FATP4介导脂质的吸收,而胆固醇的摄取则由吸收细胞上的SR-BI[16-17]介导。在被肠细胞吸收后,脂肪酸通过与FABP1结合,进一步合成三酰甘油;游离胆固醇则被ACAT2酯化为胆固醇酯,并在内质网膜上重新组装成三酰甘油、胆固醇酯和磷脂[4]。重新合成后,肠脂在内质网腔中合成乳糜微粒或者以脂滴的形式储存在细胞质溶胶中合成细胞质脂滴。在乳糜微粒合成途径中,MTTP介导脂质包装成未成熟的乳糜微粒,随后通过前乳糜微粒转运囊泡从内质网运输到高尔基体成熟[18-19]
通过实验发现,GFDHW可以提高衰老小鼠小肠运动能力、降低衰老小鼠血清TG、TC、LDL含量、改善衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收功能。为了探究GFDHW改善衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收功能的机制,本研究从吸收细胞数量以及吸收途径两个方面进一步研究。肠吸收细胞来源于ISC,Notch1信号是ISC向吸收细胞分化的关键,Notch1表达增加会导致ISC向吸收细胞分化。通过免疫组化检测肠道干细胞分化相关指标,结果显示,Model组小鼠小肠Olfm4、PCNA、Notch1、Hes1表达下降,给予GFDHW后,Model组小肠Olfm4、PCNA、Notch1、Hes1表达升高。这些结果均提示桂附地黄丸能增加老年小鼠肠吸收细胞的数量。免疫组化检测吸收细胞标记物Villin表达情况,Model组小鼠肠吸收细胞标记物Villin表达下降,GFDHW给药组小鼠肠吸收细胞标记物Villin表达升高,这些结果均提示GFDHW能增加老年小鼠肠吸收细胞的数量。在明确吸收细胞数量改变后,通过Western blot检测脂质吸收途径相关分子的蛋白表达水平,与Con组相比,Model组小鼠小肠CD36、FATP4、SR-BI、ACAT2、FABP1和MTTP蛋白表达下降,GFDHW给药组小鼠小肠CD36、FATP4、SR-BI、ACAT2、FABP1和MTTP蛋白表达升高(图8)。因此,GFDHW可改善衰老小鼠肠道脂质吸收功能,其机制可能与通过提高Notch1的表达,使ISC向吸收细胞分化,增加CD36、FATP4等脂质吸收途径中相关分子表达水平有关。
综上所述,GFDHW可改善衰老所致ISC功能减退并促进其向吸收细胞分化,并且能提高脂质吸收途径中CD36 和FATP4等相关蛋白的表达,从而改善肠道脂质消化吸收功能。由于临床上目前无有效防治衰老所致小肠消化吸收功能减退的药物,故本研究未设置阳性对照药。本实验中,用24月龄的小鼠(相当于人69岁)作为衰老组,8月龄小鼠(相当于人30~36岁)为对照[20],以观察GFDHW是否对衰老小鼠小肠消化吸收功能减退有改善作用。为排除雌激素对实验的影响,且相关衰老研究中大部分以雄鼠为研究对象,因此本实验中也采用雄鼠作为研究对象[21-23]。随着研究的进一步深入,后续我们将展开衰老小肠上皮细胞(Caco-2)实验的验证,进一步研究GFDHW改善脂质吸收功能的机制,为阐释“阳化气,阴成形”的科学内涵提供实验依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81873349)
  • 湖北省功能性消化系统疾病中医临床医学研究中心开放基金(SXZ202314)
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2024年第59卷第16期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.16.009
  • 接收时间:2024-04-01
  • 首发时间:2025-10-29
  • 出版时间:2024-08-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81873349)
湖北省功能性消化系统疾病中医临床医学研究中心开放基金(SXZ202314)
作者信息
    1 三峡大学健康医学院, 湖北 宜昌 443002
    2 国家中医药管理局中药药理科研三级实验室, 湖北 宜昌 443002
    3 湖北省功能性消化系统疾病中医临床医学研究中心/三峡大学中医医院, 湖北 宜昌 443005
    4 三峡大学基础医学院, 湖北 宜昌 443002

通讯作者:

* 童乐,男,硕士 研究方向:衰老所致的肠道功能障碍的发生机制及中医药防治机理研究 Tel:(0717)6396558
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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