Article(id=1193548062044946549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193548058421064688, articleNumber=1001-2494(2025)05-0515-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2025.05.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1716998400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762493633042, onlineDateStr=2025-11-07, pubDate=1741363200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762493633042, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762493633042, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762493633042, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1193548058421064688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2025', volume='60', issue='5', pageStart='441', pageEnd='552', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762493632178, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762493856082, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1193548997664146365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193548058421064688, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1193548997664146366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1193548058421064688, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=515, endPage=521, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1193548062980276347, articleId=1193548062044946549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Inhibitory Effect of Low Concentrations of Deguelin on Activated T Cell Proliferation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of the inhibitory effect of low concentrations of deguelin on the proliferation of activated T cells. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation, human T cells were purified using immunomagnetic beads, and T cells were activated with Anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Flow cytometry was used to detect T cell survival rate, proliferation index, apoptosis progression, CD25 expression level, and cell division ratio; ELISA was used to detect cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ secretion levels. RESULTS Low concentrations of deguelin inhibit T cell proliferation activated by anti-human CD3/CD28 antibodies, with an IC50 of (73±12) nmol·L-1, and a concentration of 400 nmol·L-1 has no cytotoxicity. Low concentrations of deguelin do not affect the expression of CD25 and secretion of IL-2 in activated T cells but increases the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells. Low concentrations of deguelin promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ in T cells. CONCLUSION Low concentrations of deguelin significantly inhibit T cell proliferation in the G0/G1 phase and effectively suppress the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting its potential role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

, correspAuthors=Xingyan LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ketian ZHAO, Lin JING, Wenjie CUI, Jiaqing ZHANG, Jiali WU, Jingjing HE, Yi LAI, Yang LIU, Xingyan LUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1193548238172160344, articleId=1193548062044946549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=低浓度鱼藤素抑制活化T细胞增殖作用研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究低浓度鱼藤素抑制活化T细胞增殖的作用特点。 方法 Ficoll-Hypaque密度梯度离心法分离人外周血单个核细胞,免疫磁珠法纯化人T细胞,抗人CD3 /CD28抗体活化T细胞。流式细胞术测定T细胞存活率、增殖指数、凋亡进展、CD25表达水平及分裂期比例;ELISA检测细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-17及IFN-γ的分泌水平。 结果 低浓度鱼藤素抑制抗人CD3/CD28抗体活化的T细胞增殖,IC50为(73±12) nmol·L-1,400 nmol·L-1时无细胞毒性。低浓度鱼藤素不影响活化的T细胞表达CD25和分泌IL-2,但提高 G0/G1期细胞比例。低浓度鱼藤素促进活化T细胞分泌抗炎细胞因子IL-4,并抑制促炎细胞因子IL-6、IL-17及IFN-γ的产生。结论 低浓度鱼藤素显著抑制T细胞增殖于G0/G1期,并有效抑制促炎细胞因子分泌,提示鱼藤素在自身免疫病的治疗中具有潜在作用。

, correspAuthors=罗兴燕, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 罗兴燕,女,博士 研究方向:自身免疫性疾病发病机制与药物筛选 Tel:(028)62739161
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赵克天,男,学士 研究方向:自身免疫性疾病发病机制与药物筛选

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deguelin, figureFileSmall=RJrvGECl8oYr8Tb5aW1BDw==, figureFileBig=NlfL1lsDhpZp4URJ/S/rjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193576294131659045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193548062044946549, language=CN, label=图1, caption=鱼藤素的结构式, figureFileSmall=RJrvGECl8oYr8Tb5aW1BDw==, figureFileBig=NlfL1lsDhpZp4URJ/S/rjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193576294207156518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193548062044946549, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of low concentrations of deguelin on T cell proliferation and survival.n=3, x -±s

A-CFSE staining detects the proliferation of activated T cells; B-calculate the IC50 value by fitting the T cell proliferation index curve; C-calculate the resting T cell survival rate through cell count; D-Annexin-V and PI double staining detect the apoptotic status of activated T cells.

, figureFileSmall=FMNyq5DrsAXTLHT8PG52rA==, figureFileBig=MLFRqbT4JPMa3JOsy5nQPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193576294270071079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193548062044946549, language=CN, label=图2, caption=低浓度鱼藤素对T细胞增殖和存活的影响。n=3, x -±s

A-羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺脂(CFSE)染色检测活化T细胞增殖情况;B-拟合 T细胞增殖指数曲线计算半抑菌浓度(IC50)值;C-细胞计数计算静息T细胞存活率;D-膜联蛋白-V(Annexin-V)和碘化丙啶(PI)双染色检测活化T细胞的凋亡情况。

, figureFileSmall=FMNyq5DrsAXTLHT8PG52rA==, figureFileBig=MLFRqbT4JPMa3JOsy5nQPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193576294328791336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193548062044946549, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of low concentrations of deguelin on T cell activation.n=3, x -±s

A-detect T cell activation by single staining with anti-human CD25-APC antibody; B-the cell proportion was analyzed statistically; C-Elisa detects the secretion levels of IL-2 in T cells. 1)P<0.05, compared with the activated group without medication; 2)P<0.01, compared with the activated group without medication; 3)P<0.000 1, compared with the activated group without medication.

, figureFileSmall=Vz8WHS5o/30iu92DHLqzOA==, figureFileBig=KNt0njpL5TknsLKq+/+w2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193576294395900201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193548062044946549, language=CN, label=图3, caption=低浓度鱼藤素对T细胞活化的影响。n=3, x -±s

A-抗人CD25-APC抗体单染色检测T细胞活化情况;B-统计分析活化T细胞比例;C-Elisa检测T细胞IL-2分泌水平。与未给药激活组相比,1)P<0.05;与未给药激活组相比,2)P<0.01;与未给药激活组相比,3)P<0.000 1。

, figureFileSmall=Vz8WHS5o/30iu92DHLqzOA==, figureFileBig=KNt0njpL5TknsLKq+/+w2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193576294454620458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193548062044946549, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of low concentrations of deguelin on the cell cycle in activated T cells.n=3, x -±s

A-PI staining assay to detect T cell cycle status;B-the cell proportion in the G0/G1 phase、S phase and G2/M phase were analyzed statistically;1)P<0.001, compared with the activated group without medication; 2)P<0.000 1, compared with the activated group without medication.

, figureFileSmall=lYExVBXao6jtNTDRV24nvA==, figureFileBig=YMcagIJISn9MG4L7wYJiIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193576294513340715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193548062044946549, language=CN, label=图4, caption=低浓度鱼藤素对活化T细胞周期的影响。n=3, x -±s

A-PI单染色检测T细胞周期情况;B-统计分析细胞在G0/G1期、S期和G2/M期的比例;与未给药激活组相比,1)P<0.001; 与未给药激活组相比,2)P<0.000 1。

, figureFileSmall=lYExVBXao6jtNTDRV24nvA==, figureFileBig=YMcagIJISn9MG4L7wYJiIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193576294572060972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193548062044946549, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of low concentrations of deguelin on cytokine secretion in activated T cells.n=3, x -±s

A-D-Elisa detects the secretion levels of cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ in activated T cells; 1)P<0.01, compared with the activated group without medication; 2)P<0.001, compared with the activated group without medication; 3)P<0.000 1, compared with the activated group without medication.

, figureFileSmall=IeFzusM1SpF6Sndkl0uEIg==, figureFileBig=nkGxuYsSNrg33FSaY1E68g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1193576294634975533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1193548062044946549, language=CN, label=图5, caption=低浓度鱼藤素对活化T细胞分泌细胞因子的影响。n=3, x -±s

A~D-Elisa检测活化T细胞细胞因子IL-4、IL-6、IL-17和IFN-γ分泌水平;与未给药激活组相比,1)P<0.01;与未给药激活组相比,2)P<0.001;与未给药激活组相比,3)P<0.000 1。

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低浓度鱼藤素抑制活化T细胞增殖作用研究
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赵克天 1, 3 , 敬林 2 , 崔文杰 3 , 张佳庆 3 , 伍佳丽 3 , 何晶晶 4 , 赖翼 5 , 刘阳 1 , 罗兴燕 1, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025,60(5): 515-521
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2025, 60(5): 515-521
低浓度鱼藤素抑制活化T细胞增殖作用研究
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赵克天1, 3, 敬林2, 崔文杰3, 张佳庆3, 伍佳丽3, 何晶晶4, 赖翼5, 刘阳1, 罗兴燕1, *
作者信息
  • 1 成都医学院科研实验中心, 成都 610500
  • 2 广西大学医学院特色生物医药重点实验室, 南宁 530004
  • 3 成都医学院药学院, 成都 610500
  • 4 成都医学院临床医学院, 成都 610500
  • 5 成都医学院检验医学院, 成都 610500
  • 赵克天,男,学士 研究方向:自身免疫性疾病发病机制与药物筛选

通讯作者:

* 罗兴燕,女,博士 研究方向:自身免疫性疾病发病机制与药物筛选 Tel:(028)62739161
Inhibitory Effect of Low Concentrations of Deguelin on Activated T Cell Proliferation
Ketian ZHAO1, 3, Lin JING2, Wenjie CUI3, Jiaqing ZHANG3, Jiali WU3, Jingjing HE4, Yi LAI5, Yang LIU1, Xingyan LUO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Center for Scientific Research, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 3 School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 4 School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 5 School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
出版时间: 2025-03-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.05.009
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目的 探究低浓度鱼藤素抑制活化T细胞增殖的作用特点。 方法 Ficoll-Hypaque密度梯度离心法分离人外周血单个核细胞,免疫磁珠法纯化人T细胞,抗人CD3 /CD28抗体活化T细胞。流式细胞术测定T细胞存活率、增殖指数、凋亡进展、CD25表达水平及分裂期比例;ELISA检测细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-17及IFN-γ的分泌水平。 结果 低浓度鱼藤素抑制抗人CD3/CD28抗体活化的T细胞增殖,IC50为(73±12) nmol·L-1,400 nmol·L-1时无细胞毒性。低浓度鱼藤素不影响活化的T细胞表达CD25和分泌IL-2,但提高 G0/G1期细胞比例。低浓度鱼藤素促进活化T细胞分泌抗炎细胞因子IL-4,并抑制促炎细胞因子IL-6、IL-17及IFN-γ的产生。结论 低浓度鱼藤素显著抑制T细胞增殖于G0/G1期,并有效抑制促炎细胞因子分泌,提示鱼藤素在自身免疫病的治疗中具有潜在作用。

鱼藤素  /  T细胞  /  增殖抑制  /  低浓度  /  抗炎作用  /  细胞因子

OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of the inhibitory effect of low concentrations of deguelin on the proliferation of activated T cells. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation, human T cells were purified using immunomagnetic beads, and T cells were activated with Anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Flow cytometry was used to detect T cell survival rate, proliferation index, apoptosis progression, CD25 expression level, and cell division ratio; ELISA was used to detect cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ secretion levels. RESULTS Low concentrations of deguelin inhibit T cell proliferation activated by anti-human CD3/CD28 antibodies, with an IC50 of (73±12) nmol·L-1, and a concentration of 400 nmol·L-1 has no cytotoxicity. Low concentrations of deguelin do not affect the expression of CD25 and secretion of IL-2 in activated T cells but increases the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells. Low concentrations of deguelin promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ in T cells. CONCLUSION Low concentrations of deguelin significantly inhibit T cell proliferation in the G0/G1 phase and effectively suppress the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting its potential role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

deguelin  /  T cell  /  proliferation inhibition  /  low concentration  /  anti-inflammatory effect  /  cytokine
赵克天, 敬林, 崔文杰, 张佳庆, 伍佳丽, 何晶晶, 赖翼, 刘阳, 罗兴燕. 低浓度鱼藤素抑制活化T细胞增殖作用研究. 中国药学杂志, 2025 , 60 (5) : 515 -521 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.05.009
Ketian ZHAO, Lin JING, Wenjie CUI, Jiaqing ZHANG, Jiali WU, Jingjing HE, Yi LAI, Yang LIU, Xingyan LUO. Inhibitory Effect of Low Concentrations of Deguelin on Activated T Cell Proliferation[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2025 , 60 (5) : 515 -521 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2025.05.009
T细胞是人免疫系统的重要组成部分,受抗原刺激活化后,通过克隆性扩增产生抗原特异性免疫,在免疫反应过程中起重要作用。在T细胞活化增殖的过程中,CD3和CD28双信号分子激活静息的T细胞,通过钙调磷酸酶、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路诱导T细胞表达白细胞介素-2(IL-2) 受体CD25及分泌IL-2。随后IL-2结合CD25,激活Janus激酶3(JAK3)/信号转导及转录激活蛋白5(STAT5)、磷酸酰肌醇3激酶(P13K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)与雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)/p70核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70S6K)等信号通路启动细胞增殖[1]。然而T细胞的异常增殖也会导致自身免疫性疾病和机体对异体移植器官的排斥反应[2-5],因此抑制T细胞增殖能有效缓解这些疾病。临床上,对T细胞增殖具有抑制作用的药物如他克莫司和雷帕霉素均已作免疫抑制剂[6-7]。但现有的免疫抑制剂尚存在治疗窗窄、不良反应多等问题[8-9],寻找潜在药物能为临床治疗提供新的选择并优化治疗方案,具有重要研究意义。
鱼藤素(deguelin)是一种鱼藤酮类天然异黄酮化合物(图1),广泛分布于鱼藤属和灰叶属植物中。已有研究表明,鱼藤素可通过多种途径发挥抗肿瘤作用,它可促进胆囊癌细胞SGC-996、人结直肠癌细胞RKO和B-慢性淋巴白血病细胞的凋亡[10-12],抑制胃癌细胞SNU-484中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达[13],抑制人HTLV-1转化细胞KUT-1增殖[14]等。同时,鱼藤素还具有抗炎作用,可减轻过敏性哮喘的炎症反应[15]
本研究建立了T细胞增殖抑制活性筛选平台,并发现了一系列免疫抑制小分子如BD759、BD690等[16-17],筛选发现鱼藤素可在低于既往研究中其抑制肿瘤细胞的浓度下抑制T细胞增殖,数据库检索尚未发现研究鱼藤素具有免疫抑制活性文献报道。鱼藤素的结构完全不同于临床使用的免疫抑制剂,新结构化合物可作为分子探针,探索疾病的发病机制,而发病机制的阐明可提供新的靶点,为发现新的具有应用价值的小分子药物奠定基础。本实验将从T细胞的活化和增殖阶段着手,探究低浓度鱼藤素抑制T细胞增殖的作用及其潜在应用。
药品与试剂:鱼藤素(批号:29258,纯度:99.20%),他克莫司(tacrolimus,FK506) (批号:125434,纯度:99.93%),雷帕霉素(rapamycin, Rapa) (批号:260297,纯度:99.94%)均来源于美国MedChemexpress公司;LY294002 (美国Cayman公司,货号:70920-10,纯度:≥98%);胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS) (美国ZETA公司,批号:120214018-4S);RPMI 1640培养基(美国Hyclone公司,批号:AK30771821);青霉素-链霉素(批号:227766),羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester,CFSE) (批号:705638),抗人CD3抗体(批号:2851410),抗人CD28抗体(批号:2564462),抗人CD3-PE流式检测抗体(批号:E124848-163),人细胞因子IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17及干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)酶联包被、检测抗体等试剂均来源于美国Thermo Fisher公司;抗人CD25-APC流式检测抗体(美国Biolegend公司,批号:B335172);人Pan T细胞分离试剂盒 (德国Miltenyl Biotec公司,批号:5170711130);人淋巴细胞分离液 (挪威Axis-Shield公司,批号:00422);细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(批号:120722230314),细胞周期检测试剂盒(批号:092723240313)均来源于上海碧云天生物技术公司。
仪器:Novo Express流式细胞仪 (艾森生物杭州有限公司);酶联免疫检测仪 (美国BioTek公司);Ⅱ级A2型生物安全柜,离心机,5% CO2培养箱(美国Thermo Fisher公司),倒置相差显微镜(日本Olympus公司)。
人外周血来源于知情同意的健康人[经成都医学院生物医学伦理委员会批准(2024 No.109)],通过Ficoll-Hypaque密度梯度离心法分离出人外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)。具体方法为:采集健康人外周血与PBS溶液等体积稀释混匀,先后加入淋巴分离液与2倍体积血液,确保分层。1 850 r·min-1离心20 min,吸取中间白膜层。加入5倍体积的PBS溶液吹洗吸取的细胞,1 300 r·min-1离心10 min,重复洗涤3次并重悬于含10% FBS的RPMI-1640完全培养基中。
分离后的PBMC按人Pan T细胞分离试剂盒说明分离T细胞。具体方法为:PBMC细胞悬液经1 300 r·min-1离心10 min后保留细胞沉淀,据说明书每1×107个细胞加入40 μL缓冲液和10 μL标记抗体,混匀后冰上孵育10 min。加入1 mL缓冲液冲洗细胞,1 300 r·min-1离心10 min去除游离的标记抗体。每1×107个细胞加入30 μL缓冲液和20 μL抗体微球,混匀后冰上孵育15 min结合标记抗体。重复上述洗涤步骤去除游离抗体微球,再加入200 μL缓冲液并充分重悬。用缓冲液冲洗分离柱后分批加入处理的细胞,收集柱中自然流下细胞悬液分离出T细胞。将收集到的细胞悬液1 300 r·min-1离心10 min,去上清后使用完全培养基重悬细胞。
抗人CD3-PE抗体分别染色纯化前后的T细胞,结合流式细胞术检测分离效果和纯度,达95%以上再用于后续实验。
不同浓度鱼藤素(16~400 nmol·L-1)作用于静息T细胞(2×106·mL-1)48 h后结合流式细胞术检测静息T细胞的绝对数量(abs.count),以未加药的T细胞作为细胞阴性对照组,计算不同浓度鱼藤素作用下T细胞的存活率(公式1)。
存活率(%)=加药组/细胞阴性对照组×100%
T细胞增殖检测的方法为两种,结合流式细胞术计算细胞增殖指数并拟合曲线以计算细胞增殖指数为50%时的药物浓度,即半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50),以及流式细胞术结合CFSE染色。
计算T细胞增值指数(公式2)以及药物IC50值的方法为:不同浓度鱼藤素(16~400 nmol·L-1)作用于活化T细胞(2×106·mL-1)96 h后结合流式细胞术检测T细胞的绝对数量(abs.count),以未活化且未加药的T细胞作为细胞阴性对照组,以活化而未加药的T细胞作为细胞阳性对照组。
增殖指数(%)=(加药组-细胞阴性对照组)/(细胞阳性对照组-细胞阴性对照组)×100%
在Graphpad Prism 7中利用得到的增值指数拟合曲线并计算鱼藤素抑制活化T细胞增殖的IC50值。
流式细胞术结合CFSE染色的方法为:在给药前向T细胞悬液中加入CFSE(终浓度为2.5 μmol·L-1),于37 ℃孵育10 min后1 700 r·min-1离心5 min洗涤2次,重悬后调整密度至2×106·mL-1,加入不同浓度鱼藤素(16~400 nmol·L-1)作用96 h后结合流式细胞术分析鱼藤素对细胞增殖的影响,对照组同上。
其中活化T细胞的方法为:先将2.5 μg·mL-1抗人CD3抗体包被在细胞培养板中于4 ℃静置过夜,待抗体吸附于孔底部后吸出多余液体,加入静息T细胞(2×106·mL-1)后再加入1.25 μg·mL-1抗人CD28抗体活化。
不同浓度鱼藤素(16~400 nmol·L-1)作用抗人CD3/CD28抗体活化T细胞(2×106·mL-1)24 h后,取出部分细胞悬液,用PBS按1∶10稀释抗人CD25-APC抗体后再按1∶5加入到细胞悬液,混匀后避光孵育5 min。流式细胞术检测细胞CD25的表达情况。LY294002(50 μmol·L-1)作为阳性药物对照组。
采用碧云天细胞凋亡检测试剂盒检测不同浓度鱼藤素(16~400 nmol·L-1)作用于抗人CD3/CD28抗体活化的T细胞(2×106·mL-1)48 h后的凋亡情况。具体方法为:取50 μL细胞悬液加入到100 μL结合液中,混匀后先后加入1 μL膜联蛋白V(Annexin V)-FITC和2 μL碘化丙啶(propidium iodide, PI)染色液,避光孵育5 min。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡进展。FK506(100 nmol·L-1)作为阳性药物对照组。
采用碧云天细胞周期检测试剂盒结合流式细胞术检测不同浓度鱼藤素(16~400 nmol·L-1)作用于抗人CD3/CD28抗体活化的T细胞(2×106·mL-1)72 h后的细胞周期进展。具体方法为:取出细胞悬液滴加至无水乙醇中,置于4 ℃下静置过夜固定。4 600 r·min-1离心5 min沉淀细胞,加入已按说明书配置好的PI染色液,避光孵育15 min后使用200目尼龙网过滤,流式细胞术检测细胞周期进展。Rapa(100 nmol·L-1)作为阳性药物对照组。
酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)结合双抗夹心法检测不同浓度鱼藤素(16~400 nmol·L-1)作用于抗人CD3/CD28抗体活化的T细胞(2×106·mL-1)24 h后IL-2的分泌水平和48 h后IL-4、IL-6、IL-17及IFN-γ的分泌水平。LY294002(50 μmol·L-1)作为阳性药物对照组。
采用GraphPad Prism 7进行统计分析并计算药物抑制细胞增殖的IC50值。数据以 x -±s表示,组间差异采用GraphPad Prism 7 Column analyses中t tests进行分析,以P<0.05有统计学意义。
CFSE染色结合流式细胞术明确鱼藤素是否抑制T细胞的增殖。经抗人CD3/CD28抗体刺激活化T淋巴细胞后,随着鱼藤素浓度升高,子代峰峰高逐渐降低,这表明鱼藤素对T细胞的增殖分裂具有显著的抑制作用(图2A)。GraphPad Prism 7分析鱼藤素对活化T细胞的作用,鱼藤素IC50值为(73±12) nmol·L-1(图2B)。流式细胞术检测经鱼藤素处理的静息T细胞的存活率以及活化T细胞凋亡情况。不同浓度鱼藤素作用下,细胞存活率与对照组无明显差异,且活细胞所占比例与对照组也无明显差异,即鱼藤素不杀死静息T细胞也不诱导活化T细胞凋亡(图2C~D)。因此,低浓度鱼藤素作用于T细胞增殖的活性是免疫抑制活性,而非细胞毒性。
CD25是T细胞活化的表面标记,可与IL-2结合推动T细胞活化增殖[18]。流式细胞术检测鱼藤素作用后的T细胞中CD25分泌水平,见图3A、B。与未给药激活组相比, 经16和80 nmol·L-1鱼藤素作用的T细胞中CD25+比例无显著变化,经400 nmol·L-1鱼藤素作用的T细胞中CD25+比例显著降低(P<0.01)。同时,与未给药激活组相比,经16和80 nmol·L-1鱼藤素作用后,T细胞IL-2分泌水平无显著变化,但当鱼藤素浓度达400 nmol·L-1时,T细胞IL-2分泌水平显著提高(P<0.000 1),即鱼藤素在低浓度下不影响CD25的表达和IL-2的分泌(图3C)。
细胞周期进程是T淋巴细胞增殖过程中极重要的部分。通过流式细胞术检测PI的荧光强度。结果见图4A、B,随着鱼藤素浓度升高,细胞处于G0/G1期的比例逐渐扩大,处于G2/M期的比例逐渐缩小,并在鱼藤素为80 nmol·L-1有显著性差异(P<0.001), 表明鱼藤素将细胞阻滞于G0/G1期,效果同Rapa相似。
ELISA双抗夹心法检测不同浓度鱼藤素作用下活化T细胞IL-4、IL-6、IL-17A和IFN-γ的分泌程度。结果见图5,鱼藤素在16和80 nmol·L-1时显著促进IL-4的分泌(P<0.001),同时抑制IL-6、IL-17和IFN-γ的分泌(P<0.01),表明低浓度鱼藤素促进调节性T细胞抗炎细胞因子的释放,且主要抑制Th1/17细胞的促炎细胞因子释放。
T细胞作为机体产生免疫反应的重要细胞,在自身对异体器官的排斥反应、自身免疫调节紊乱所致的疾病中发挥重要作用。本研究发现低浓度鱼藤素对活化T细胞具有增殖抑制作用,初步筛选时鱼藤素在10~1 000 nmol·L-1内对活化T细胞的增殖均有抑制作用,作用浓度较宽,其IC50值在80 nmol·L-1左右。因此在上述浓度范围内选定16、80和400 nmol·L-1为代表浓度,测定其IC50值为(73±12) nmol·L-1,并验证了鱼藤素在浓度为400 nmol·L-1以下对静息T细胞无明显细胞毒性。在既往研究中,鱼藤素抗肿瘤作用的起效浓度多在10~50 μmol·L-1,是本实验中鱼藤素抑制T细胞增殖IC50值的150倍左右。同时,本实验证明了低浓度的鱼藤素有不同于高浓度的作用机制,对拓展鱼藤素药理作用研究和丰富自身免疫性疾病治疗策略具有重要意义。因此,鱼藤素具有免疫抑制剂的应用潜力。鱼藤素已有的抗肿瘤研究发现,其阻滞非小细胞肺癌细胞A549、胃癌细胞SNU-484和急性髓性白血病细胞KG-1a周期于G2/M期[13,19-20]。既往研究发现免疫抑制剂Rapa能阻滞T细胞于G0/G1[21],故选择它作为阳性对照药物以探究鱼藤素对T细胞周期进展的影响。本实验发现,低浓度鱼藤素也阻滞T细胞于G0/G1期。因此,低浓度鱼藤素可能会通过新的靶点发挥免疫抑制作用。我们下一步将探究低、高剂量鱼藤素作用的信号通路,对比鱼藤素在低、高剂量作用机制的差异,并结合既往研究,进一步发掘低浓度鱼藤素的特点和优势。
作为T细胞活化的标志,CD25所代表的α链是白细胞介素2受体的重要组成部分。LY294002已被证明能抑制T细胞活化[22],因此将其作为阳性对照药物用以考察鱼藤素对T细胞活化的影响。本研究发现低浓度鱼藤素不影响T细胞活化。同时结果显示,鱼藤素在400 nmol·L-1下存在抑制T细胞CD25的表达和促进IL-2分泌的现象,可能的原因在于,该浓度下鱼藤素阻碍了IL-2与CD25的结合,致使T细胞表面的CD25表达水平降低,培养基中游离的IL-2增多,进而ELISA检测到了更多的IL-2,在数据上体现出了促进的结果,该原因仍需等待后续实验的证明。
细胞因子在细胞增殖分化和发挥效应的过程中起着不可或缺的调节控制作用。本实验探索了鱼藤素对活化T细胞分泌IL-4、IL-6、IL-17A和IFN-γ的调节作用。IL-4属于抗炎细胞因子,能调节淋巴细胞的增殖分化,也在肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病中发挥治疗作用[23-25]。IL-6、IL-17A和IFN-γ属于促炎细胞因子。IL-6具有调节免疫、促进炎症和癌症的发生及发展的作用。它能激活JAK/STAT3信号通路,促进结直肠癌、肝癌、非小细胞肺癌和胶质瘤等癌症的发展[26]。IL-17能协同其他细胞因子加重局部炎症反应,在自身免疫性疾病发生发展中起重要作用[27-29]。IFN-γ也同IL-6、IL-17一起,在类风湿关节炎的发展中起关键作用[30]。以往研究发现LY294002能显著抑制上述细胞因子的分泌[31]。因此,在探究鱼藤素对这些细胞因子分泌的影响时,将其作为阳性对照药物。本实验发现鱼藤素促进IL-4的分泌,抑制IL-6、IL-17A和IFN-γ的分泌,提示低浓度鱼藤素可能通过对细胞因子的影响而调节T细胞分化,并在自身免疫病的治疗中发挥作用。
综上所述,低浓度鱼藤素显著抑制T细胞增殖,IC50为(73±12) nmol·L-1,且在完全抑制细胞增殖浓度下无细胞毒性,不影响T细胞活化但阻滞细胞周期,促进活化T细胞分泌抗炎细胞因子IL-4,并抑制促炎细胞因子IL-6、IL-17及IFN-γ的产生,展现了其高药效以及可作为免疫抑制剂应用于自身免疫性疾病的潜力。因此,低浓度鱼藤素有望用于开发新的免疫抑制剂,拓展治疗自身免疫性疾病和缓解器官抑制排斥反应的药物选择。
  • 国家级大学生创新项目资助(202217305005)
  • 四川省科技厅应用基础面上项目资助(2023NSFSC0624)
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2025年第60卷第5期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2025.05.009
  • 接收时间:2024-05-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-07
  • 出版时间:2025-03-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-30
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国家级大学生创新项目资助(202217305005)
四川省科技厅应用基础面上项目资助(2023NSFSC0624)
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    1 成都医学院科研实验中心, 成都 610500
    2 广西大学医学院特色生物医药重点实验室, 南宁 530004
    3 成都医学院药学院, 成都 610500
    4 成都医学院临床医学院, 成都 610500
    5 成都医学院检验医学院, 成都 610500

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* 罗兴燕,女,博士 研究方向:自身免疫性疾病发病机制与药物筛选 Tel:(028)62739161
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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