Article(id=1212692497466310980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692495675343162, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)18-1741-07, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.18.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711382400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767058022132, onlineDateStr=2025-12-30, pubDate=1726934400000, pubDateStr=2024-09-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767058022132, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767058022132, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058022132, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212692495675343162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='18', pageStart='1665', pageEnd='1778', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767058021692, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767058962460, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212696441533940214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692495675343162, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212696441533940215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1212692495675343162, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1741, endPage=1747, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212692497868964172, articleId=1212692497466310980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Research on Element Impurity Migration in the Compatibility Test of Pantoprazole Sodium for Injection with Combination Packaging Materials and Container, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To establish an experimental method using ICP-MS to study the compatibility between pantoprazole sodium for injection and neutral borosilicate glass injection bottle-coated stopper composite packaging materials. METHODS By conducting extraction experiments, simulated acceleration experiments, and migration experiments under long-term experimental conditions, the changes in elemental impurities of pantoprazole sodium for injection at different times were investigated. The simulated solution after erosion was analyzed to predict the tendency of detachment on the inner surface of boron tube bottles, and its migration amount was evaluated for safety. RESULTS The linear relationship of each element by ICP-MS method was good, and the correlation coefficient (r) was greater than 0.999 0. The quantitative limit was less than its corresponding limit of 10%. The average recovery rate was 97.5%-108.8%. In the extraction experiment, the elements with higher detected level in each sample were Si, B, and Al, but all were below the safety limits. The detected levels of other elements were relatively low, even below the detection limits. Under intermediate and long-term conditions of 6 and 12 months, the detection results of elemental impurities in various added components in the packaging materials were all lower than the AET values. CONCLUSION This method can effectively determine the content of various impurity elements in the sample and reveal their migration trends. The compatibility between the composite packaging components and pantoprazole sodium for injection is good, and the safety of the product meets the requirements. It provided a scientific basis for selecting boron tube bottle and film-covered stopper as the inner packaging material.

, correspAuthors=Sijie LIU, Fei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ran ZHOU, Jiarui LIN, Xiaoying Gao, Sijie LIU, Fei WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212692498393252186, articleId=1212692497466310980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=注射用泮托拉唑钠与组合包材相容性试验中元素杂质迁移研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立注射用泮托拉唑钠与中性硼硅玻璃管制注射剂瓶-覆膜塞组合包材相容性的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)实验方法。方法 通过提取试验、模拟加速试验条件以及长期试验条件下的迁移实验,考察注射用泮托拉唑钠在不同时间下元素杂质的变化,对侵蚀后的模拟溶液进行分析,预测中硼管制瓶内表面脱片的倾向,并对其迁移量进行安全性评价。结果 ICP-MS法测定各元素的线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于 0.999 0,定量限小于其相应限度 10%。回收率为97.5%~108.8%。提取实验中,各样品中检出较高的元素为Si、B、Al,但均低于安全限度,其他元素的检出量较小,甚至低于检出限。在加速条件6、12个月和长期条件6、12个月下,包装材料中各种添加成分的元素杂质检测结果均低于分析评价阈值(AET)。结论 该方法能有效测定样品中各杂质元素的含量,并揭示其迁移趋势。组合包材组件与注射用泮托拉唑钠的相容性良好,产品的安全性符合要求,为选择中硼管制瓶-覆膜塞作为内包材提供了科学依据。

, correspAuthors=刘斯婕, 王飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘斯婕,女,博士,教授 研究方向:药物制备与分析 Tel:(0311)66617320;
王飞,男,硕士,助理工程师 研究方向:食品药品质量检测 Tel:(0311)66617125
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周冉,女,博士,副教授 究方向:药物分析、药包材检测与质量控制

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周冉,女,博士,副教授 究方向:药物分析、药包材检测与质量控制

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Linear equations and detection and quantification limits for each element

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element Linear
equation
r LOD
/μg·L-1
LOQ
/μg·L-1
Si y=0.006 5x+0.218 1 0.999 8 0.782 2.608
Al y=0.010 9x+0.020 6 0.999 6 0.640 2.135
Mg y=0.032 4x+0.108 8 0.999 2 0.519 1.730
Ca y=6.352 7E-4x+0.003 4 0.999 9 1.277 4.255
Ba y=0.019 3x-0.012 1 0.999 6 0.183 0.609
As y=0.085 6x-0.095 4 0.999 6 0.201 0.669
Sb y=0.055 9x-0.055 2 0.999 4 0.124 0.415
Cd y=0.020 8x-0.019 4 0.999 7 0.083 0.277
B y=0.007 3x+0.054 7 1.000 0 0.261 0.868
Ti y=6.146 4E-5x-2.937 6E-5 0.998 9 0.653 2.178
Zn y=0.024 7x+0.045 3 0.999 7 0.492 1.639
), ArticleFig(id=1212815755977085634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各元素线性方程及检测限、定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element Linear
equation
r LOD
/μg·L-1
LOQ
/μg·L-1
Si y=0.006 5x+0.218 1 0.999 8 0.782 2.608
Al y=0.010 9x+0.020 6 0.999 6 0.640 2.135
Mg y=0.032 4x+0.108 8 0.999 2 0.519 1.730
Ca y=6.352 7E-4x+0.003 4 0.999 9 1.277 4.255
Ba y=0.019 3x-0.012 1 0.999 6 0.183 0.609
As y=0.085 6x-0.095 4 0.999 6 0.201 0.669
Sb y=0.055 9x-0.055 2 0.999 4 0.124 0.415
Cd y=0.020 8x-0.019 4 0.999 7 0.083 0.277
B y=0.007 3x+0.054 7 1.000 0 0.261 0.868
Ti y=6.146 4E-5x-2.937 6E-5 0.998 9 0.653 2.178
Zn y=0.024 7x+0.045 3 0.999 7 0.492 1.639
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756056777414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Results of repeatability for each element

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element LOQ
/μg·L-1
ρ/μg·L-1 ρ(Average)
/μg·L-1
RSD
/%
1 2 3 4 5 6
Si 2.608 652.061 639.551 643.697 630.516 643.079 639.142 641.34 1.10
Al 2.135 3.689 4.525 3.665 4.766 4.532 3.496 4.11 13.46
Mg 1.730 1.549 1.135 1.294 1.695 1.111 1.497 <LOQ -
Ca 4.255 2.243 2.127 2.381 2.225 2.219 2.112 <LOQ -
Ba 0.609 1.002 1.007 1.011 0.998 1.003 1.033 1.009 1.24
As 0.669 0.084 0.065 0.122 0.06 0.074 0.078 <LOQ -
Sb 0.415 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.015 0.013 <LOQ -
Cd 0.277 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.003 <LOQ -
B 0.868 11.118 10.644 10.407 10.299 10.281 10.754 10.58 3.05
Ti 2.178 0.847 0.873 1.084 0.753 0.929 0.986 <LOQ -
Zn 1.639 - - - - - - <LOQ -
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756136469192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各元素重复性测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element LOQ
/μg·L-1
ρ/μg·L-1 ρ(Average)
/μg·L-1
RSD
/%
1 2 3 4 5 6
Si 2.608 652.061 639.551 643.697 630.516 643.079 639.142 641.34 1.10
Al 2.135 3.689 4.525 3.665 4.766 4.532 3.496 4.11 13.46
Mg 1.730 1.549 1.135 1.294 1.695 1.111 1.497 <LOQ -
Ca 4.255 2.243 2.127 2.381 2.225 2.219 2.112 <LOQ -
Ba 0.609 1.002 1.007 1.011 0.998 1.003 1.033 1.009 1.24
As 0.669 0.084 0.065 0.122 0.06 0.074 0.078 <LOQ -
Sb 0.415 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.015 0.013 <LOQ -
Cd 0.277 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.003 <LOQ -
B 0.868 11.118 10.644 10.407 10.299 10.281 10.754 10.58 3.05
Ti 2.178 0.847 0.873 1.084 0.753 0.929 0.986 <LOQ -
Zn 1.639 - - - - - - <LOQ -
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756207772362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results of recovery rates of each element

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element Low concentration Medium concentration High concentration
Recovery/% RSD/% Recovery/% RSD/% Recovery/% RSD/%
Si 101.3 0.50 101.7 3.10 102.3 1.58
Al 102.7 2.20 102.0 0.10 98.9 0.15
Mg 98.5 0.27 98.3 0.68 103.3 1.16
Ca 108.8 0.56 100.8 0.92 103.4 0.91
Ba 106.3 1.71 101.6 0.88 99.3 1.01
As 104.4 1.74 101.3 1.23 100.3 0.30
Sb 104.6 0.94 99.2 0.60 98.0 1.02
Cd 101.4 0.81 98.8 0.38 97.8 1.01
B 101.1 1.35 99.6 0.65 103.0 0.24
Ti 99.1 0.30 103.0 1.23 97.5 3.54
Zn 100.2 2.20 104.2 0.36 99.2 2.07
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756279075534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各元素回收率测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element Low concentration Medium concentration High concentration
Recovery/% RSD/% Recovery/% RSD/% Recovery/% RSD/%
Si 101.3 0.50 101.7 3.10 102.3 1.58
Al 102.7 2.20 102.0 0.10 98.9 0.15
Mg 98.5 0.27 98.3 0.68 103.3 1.16
Ca 108.8 0.56 100.8 0.92 103.4 0.91
Ba 106.3 1.71 101.6 0.88 99.3 1.01
As 104.4 1.74 101.3 1.23 100.3 0.30
Sb 104.6 0.94 99.2 0.60 98.0 1.02
Cd 101.4 0.81 98.8 0.38 97.8 1.01
B 101.1 1.35 99.6 0.65 103.0 0.24
Ti 99.1 0.30 103.0 1.23 97.5 3.54
Zn 100.2 2.20 104.2 0.36 99.2 2.07
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756383933136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Analysis results of various elements in simulation experiments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Extracting
solution
Element Ratio
As Sb Cd Ba B Al Si Mg Ca Ti Zn SiO2/B2O3 Si/Al
0.9%KCl solution
ρ(Pre)/μg·L-1 0.250 0.007 0.024 1.713 4.281 14.642 29.883 16.321 13.413 0.648 2.244 2.30 2.04
ρ(Post)/μg·L-1 3.68 0.59 1.06 171.45 1 587.73 323.55 6 851.73 3841.35 495.96 1.49 5.54 1.43 21.18
20 mmol·L-1 glycine solution
ρ(Pre)/μg·L-1 0.175 0.006 0.013 0.615 2.326 4.197 5.973 <LOD 7.317 0.912 <LOD 0.85 1.42
ρ(Post)/μg·L-1 14.46 0.27 0.34 76.91 694.19 301.35 4 855.09 109.79 148.10 0.75 <LOD 2.32 16.11
3% sodium citrate aqueous solution
ρ(Pre)/μg·L-1 0.127 0.005 0.004 1.510 4.191 1.692 4.102 <LOD 10.767 0.473 0.677 0.33 2.42
ρ(Post)/μg·L-1 27.37 7.00 11.00 1117.49 6 433.31 2 980.81 19 791.40 3166.50 4 469.73 1.13 1.37 1.02 6.64
Pantoprazole sodium aqueous solution
ρ(Pre)/μg·L-1 <LOD 0.019 0.013 <LOD 11.23 1.370 65.363 <LOD <LOD 0.472 <LOD 1.93 47.71
ρ(Post)/μg·L-1 2.50 0.83 0.79 245.65 3 232.82 1 484.53 21 668.14 331.65 456.10 2.57 <LOD 2.23 14.60
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756455236306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

模拟提取试验各元素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Extracting
solution
Element Ratio
As Sb Cd Ba B Al Si Mg Ca Ti Zn SiO2/B2O3 Si/Al
0.9%KCl solution
ρ(Pre)/μg·L-1 0.250 0.007 0.024 1.713 4.281 14.642 29.883 16.321 13.413 0.648 2.244 2.30 2.04
ρ(Post)/μg·L-1 3.68 0.59 1.06 171.45 1 587.73 323.55 6 851.73 3841.35 495.96 1.49 5.54 1.43 21.18
20 mmol·L-1 glycine solution
ρ(Pre)/μg·L-1 0.175 0.006 0.013 0.615 2.326 4.197 5.973 <LOD 7.317 0.912 <LOD 0.85 1.42
ρ(Post)/μg·L-1 14.46 0.27 0.34 76.91 694.19 301.35 4 855.09 109.79 148.10 0.75 <LOD 2.32 16.11
3% sodium citrate aqueous solution
ρ(Pre)/μg·L-1 0.127 0.005 0.004 1.510 4.191 1.692 4.102 <LOD 10.767 0.473 0.677 0.33 2.42
ρ(Post)/μg·L-1 27.37 7.00 11.00 1117.49 6 433.31 2 980.81 19 791.40 3166.50 4 469.73 1.13 1.37 1.02 6.64
Pantoprazole sodium aqueous solution
ρ(Pre)/μg·L-1 <LOD 0.019 0.013 <LOD 11.23 1.370 65.363 <LOD <LOD 0.472 <LOD 1.93 47.71
ρ(Post)/μg·L-1 2.50 0.83 0.79 245.65 3 232.82 1 484.53 21 668.14 331.65 456.10 2.57 <LOD 2.23 14.60
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756539122387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The migrationresults of eachelement at accelerated 6 and 12 months and longterm 6 and 12 month

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element ρ(Upright)/μg·L-1 ρ(Inversion)/μg·L-1
0 month Accelerate
6 months
Accelerate
12 months
Long term
6 months
Long term
12 months
0 month Accelerate
6 months
Accelerate
12 months
Long term
6 months
Long term
12 months
As 0.270 0.272 0.274 0.271 0.274 0.270 0.278 0.283 0.310 0.338
Sb 0.054 0.064 0.090 0.063 0.072 0.054 0.062 0.081 0.071 0.081
Cd 0.063 0.067 0.067 0.063 0.063 0.063 0.066 0.068 0.067 0.070
Ba 0.903 1.725 1.791 1.212 3.168 0.903 2.103 4.128 3.843 4.755
B 85.986 87.331 92.903 89.653 90.381 85.986 86.640 93.799 88.999 90.646
Al 15.483 15.649 15.579 16.036 16.326 15.483 15.917 17.759 15.911 16.655
Si 2 217.417 2 574.111 2 786.508 2 311.677 2 359.578 2 217.417 2 606.266 2 847.697 2 696.025 2 742.486
Mg 1.041 <LOD <LOD 1.671 <LOD 1.041 1.900 2.574 <LOD 2.442
Ca 3.620 <LOD 3.421 3.664 4.332 3.620 3.555 5.166 6.816 17.730
Ti <LOD 0.126 0.221 0.406 0.467 <LOD 0.112 0.271 0.419 0.462
Zn <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD
SiO2/B2O3 8.57 9.79 9.96 8.56 8.67 8.57 9.99 10.08 10.27 10.05
Si/Al 143.2 164.5 178.9 144.2 144.5 143.2 163.7 160.4 169.4 164.7
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756618814165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各元素在加速6、12个月与长期6、12个月的迁移结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element ρ(Upright)/μg·L-1 ρ(Inversion)/μg·L-1
0 month Accelerate
6 months
Accelerate
12 months
Long term
6 months
Long term
12 months
0 month Accelerate
6 months
Accelerate
12 months
Long term
6 months
Long term
12 months
As 0.270 0.272 0.274 0.271 0.274 0.270 0.278 0.283 0.310 0.338
Sb 0.054 0.064 0.090 0.063 0.072 0.054 0.062 0.081 0.071 0.081
Cd 0.063 0.067 0.067 0.063 0.063 0.063 0.066 0.068 0.067 0.070
Ba 0.903 1.725 1.791 1.212 3.168 0.903 2.103 4.128 3.843 4.755
B 85.986 87.331 92.903 89.653 90.381 85.986 86.640 93.799 88.999 90.646
Al 15.483 15.649 15.579 16.036 16.326 15.483 15.917 17.759 15.911 16.655
Si 2 217.417 2 574.111 2 786.508 2 311.677 2 359.578 2 217.417 2 606.266 2 847.697 2 696.025 2 742.486
Mg 1.041 <LOD <LOD 1.671 <LOD 1.041 1.900 2.574 <LOD 2.442
Ca 3.620 <LOD 3.421 3.664 4.332 3.620 3.555 5.166 6.816 17.730
Ti <LOD 0.126 0.221 0.406 0.467 <LOD 0.112 0.271 0.419 0.462
Zn <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD
SiO2/B2O3 8.57 9.79 9.96 8.56 8.67 8.57 9.99 10.08 10.27 10.05
Si/Al 143.2 164.5 178.9 144.2 144.5 143.2 163.7 160.4 169.4 164.7
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756694311639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Comparison of results between drug extraction test and long term 12 months migration test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element PDE
/μg·d-1
AET
/μg·L-1
LOD
/μg·L-1
Content in
drug extraction
solution
/μg·L-1
Content of
migrationmedicine
solutioninlong term
12 months/μg·L-1
Si 1 000 50 000 0.782 21 668.14 1 841.289
Al 5 000 250 000 0.640 1 484.53 4.371
Mg 1 000 50 000 0.519 331.65 1.977
Ca 1 000 50 000 1.277 456.10 3.732
Ba 700 35 000 0.183 245.65 1.230
As 15 750 0.201 2.50 0.096
Sb 90 4500 0.124 0.83 0.039
Cd 2 100 0.083 0.79 0.012
B 1 000 50 000 0.261 3 232.82 33.492
Ti 1 000 50 000 0.653 <LOD <LOD
Zn 1 300 65 000 0.492 <LOD <LOD
), ArticleFig(id=1212815756774003417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1212692497466310980, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

药液提取试验与迁移试验长期12个月结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Element PDE
/μg·d-1
AET
/μg·L-1
LOD
/μg·L-1
Content in
drug extraction
solution
/μg·L-1
Content of
migrationmedicine
solutioninlong term
12 months/μg·L-1
Si 1 000 50 000 0.782 21 668.14 1 841.289
Al 5 000 250 000 0.640 1 484.53 4.371
Mg 1 000 50 000 0.519 331.65 1.977
Ca 1 000 50 000 1.277 456.10 3.732
Ba 700 35 000 0.183 245.65 1.230
As 15 750 0.201 2.50 0.096
Sb 90 4500 0.124 0.83 0.039
Cd 2 100 0.083 0.79 0.012
B 1 000 50 000 0.261 3 232.82 33.492
Ti 1 000 50 000 0.653 <LOD <LOD
Zn 1 300 65 000 0.492 <LOD <LOD
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周冉 1 , 林佳睿 1 , 高笑颖 1 , 刘斯婕 1, * , 王飞 2, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(18): 1741-1747
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(18): 1741-1747
注射用泮托拉唑钠与组合包材相容性试验中元素杂质迁移研究
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周冉1, 林佳睿1, 高笑颖1, 刘斯婕1, *, 王飞2, *
作者信息
  • 1 石家庄学院化工学院, 石家庄市靶点药物研究与药效学评价重点实验室, 河北省核苷类抗病毒药物技术创新中心, 石家庄 050035
  • 2 石家庄学院科研处, 石家庄 050035
  • 周冉,女,博士,副教授 究方向:药物分析、药包材检测与质量控制

通讯作者:

* 刘斯婕,女,博士,教授 研究方向:药物制备与分析 Tel:(0311)66617320;
王飞,男,硕士,助理工程师 研究方向:食品药品质量检测 Tel:(0311)66617125
Research on Element Impurity Migration in the Compatibility Test of Pantoprazole Sodium for Injection with Combination Packaging Materials and Container
Ran ZHOU1, Jiarui LIN1, Xiaoying Gao1, Sijie LIU1, *, Fei WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Target Drug Researchand Pharmaco-dynamic Evaluation, Hebei Province Nucleoside Antiviral Drug Technology Innovation Center, College School of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
  • 2 Research Department, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
出版时间: 2024-09-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.18.010
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目的 建立注射用泮托拉唑钠与中性硼硅玻璃管制注射剂瓶-覆膜塞组合包材相容性的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)实验方法。方法 通过提取试验、模拟加速试验条件以及长期试验条件下的迁移实验,考察注射用泮托拉唑钠在不同时间下元素杂质的变化,对侵蚀后的模拟溶液进行分析,预测中硼管制瓶内表面脱片的倾向,并对其迁移量进行安全性评价。结果 ICP-MS法测定各元素的线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于 0.999 0,定量限小于其相应限度 10%。回收率为97.5%~108.8%。提取实验中,各样品中检出较高的元素为Si、B、Al,但均低于安全限度,其他元素的检出量较小,甚至低于检出限。在加速条件6、12个月和长期条件6、12个月下,包装材料中各种添加成分的元素杂质检测结果均低于分析评价阈值(AET)。结论 该方法能有效测定样品中各杂质元素的含量,并揭示其迁移趋势。组合包材组件与注射用泮托拉唑钠的相容性良好,产品的安全性符合要求,为选择中硼管制瓶-覆膜塞作为内包材提供了科学依据。

注射用泮托拉唑钠  /  中性硼硅玻璃  /  覆膜塞  /  相容性  /  迁移试验

OBJECTIVE To establish an experimental method using ICP-MS to study the compatibility between pantoprazole sodium for injection and neutral borosilicate glass injection bottle-coated stopper composite packaging materials. METHODS By conducting extraction experiments, simulated acceleration experiments, and migration experiments under long-term experimental conditions, the changes in elemental impurities of pantoprazole sodium for injection at different times were investigated. The simulated solution after erosion was analyzed to predict the tendency of detachment on the inner surface of boron tube bottles, and its migration amount was evaluated for safety. RESULTS The linear relationship of each element by ICP-MS method was good, and the correlation coefficient (r) was greater than 0.999 0. The quantitative limit was less than its corresponding limit of 10%. The average recovery rate was 97.5%-108.8%. In the extraction experiment, the elements with higher detected level in each sample were Si, B, and Al, but all were below the safety limits. The detected levels of other elements were relatively low, even below the detection limits. Under intermediate and long-term conditions of 6 and 12 months, the detection results of elemental impurities in various added components in the packaging materials were all lower than the AET values. CONCLUSION This method can effectively determine the content of various impurity elements in the sample and reveal their migration trends. The compatibility between the composite packaging components and pantoprazole sodium for injection is good, and the safety of the product meets the requirements. It provided a scientific basis for selecting boron tube bottle and film-covered stopper as the inner packaging material.

pantoprazole sodium for injection  /  neutral borosilicate glass  /  laminated plug  /  compatibility  /  migration test
周冉, 林佳睿, 高笑颖, 刘斯婕, 王飞. 注射用泮托拉唑钠与组合包材相容性试验中元素杂质迁移研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (18) : 1741 -1747 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.18.010
Ran ZHOU, Jiarui LIN, Xiaoying Gao, Sijie LIU, Fei WANG. Research on Element Impurity Migration in the Compatibility Test of Pantoprazole Sodium for Injection with Combination Packaging Materials and Container[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (18) : 1741 -1747 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.18.010
注射用泮托拉唑钠是一种广泛用于治疗胃酸相关疾病的药物,属于质子泵抑制剂类药物[1]。其作用机制通过抑制胃黏膜上的质子泵,从而减少胃酸的分泌,起到抑制胃酸的效果。该药物主要应用于治疗胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD)等多种疾病[2-3]
近年来,由于稳定性问题,市售注射用泮托拉唑钠直接接触的内包装材料已经升级为耐水性好的中性硼硅玻璃管制注射剂瓶(简称中硼管制瓶)和稳定性佳的覆聚四氟乙烯/乙烯的共聚物膜氯化丁基橡胶塞(简称覆膜塞),以替代原有的低硼硅玻璃管制注射剂瓶[4-5],这样的包装组合是目前国内用于固体粉针剂产品最稳定的包装材料组合。在这种新的包装材料中,中硼硅管制西林瓶采用管制生产工艺,其内表面耐水性符合HC1级,并在加工过程中添加了硅(Si)、硼(B)、铝(Al)、钙(Ca)、钾(K)、钠(Na)、钡(Ba)等金属元素的氧化物。覆膜塞则包含主要成分为二氧化硅的填充剂、氧化锌活化剂、氧化镁硫化剂以及含钛着色剂,是惰性极佳的材料,适用于绝大多数敏感药物,较未覆膜的硫化卤代胶塞具备更好的稳定性。此外,玻璃加工过程中还可能引入砷(As)、锡(Sb)、镉(Cd)等重金属。在包材与药品直接接触的过程中,随着时间和外界条件的变化,可能导致包材被侵蚀,元素杂质迁移到药液中,存在一定的风险。这种迁移可能影响包材稳定性,降低药品质量,甚至引起毒性反应[6-9]
为提高药品的稳定性和安全性,国家发布的关联审评制度明确了药包材对于药物制剂的重要性,对药包材的质量控制、适应性以及安全性等方面,均提出了严格要求[10-11]。在《中国药典》2015年版中,首次加入了对药品包装材料的相关质量要求[12],《化学药品注射剂与药用玻璃包装容器相容性研究技术指导原则 (试行)》[13]提出了“结合特定玻璃容器的组分以及添加物质的信息,对所含有的离子进行定量检查并进行安全性评估”的要求。为了满足这一要求,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)成为药物元素杂质分析的推荐方法[14],其灵敏度高、检出限低,且样品处理简便,因而在微量元素检测领域得到广泛应用[15-18]
目前,对于注射用泮托拉唑钠元素杂质的检测鲜有报道[19-20],特别是涵盖中硼管制瓶和覆膜塞的11 种元素杂质的提取、迁移、检测过程的完整方法学未见报道。鉴于元素杂质引入途径的多样性,建立一套完整、快速、简便的元素杂质评估和控制方法十分必要。
本文参照《中国药典》2020年版[12]、《药品包装材料与药物相容性指导原则》[21]、《化学药品注射剂与药用玻璃包装容器相容性研究技术指导原则(试行)》[13]、ICH Q3D 元素杂质指南[22]和《美国药典》USP<233>[23],建立了注射用泮托拉唑钠中具有潜在风险的11种元素杂质含量测定的ICP-MS方法,并进行了方法学验证。此外,还进行了提取和相互作用的迁移试验,通过稳定性试验进行迁移趋势分析。对 Si、B、Al 等可预示玻璃被侵蚀或产生脱片趋势的元素进行了检查。通过对样品的元素杂质迁移情况开展安全性评价,为注射用泮托拉唑钠选择中硼管制瓶和覆膜塞作为内包材的合理性提供科学依据。
Aglient 7900型电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS,美国安捷伦公司);XS-105du型分析天平(梅特勒-托利多公司);YXQ-LS-506型压力蒸汽灭菌器(上海博讯实业有限公司);SHH-500SD型稳定性试验箱(重庆市永生实验仪器厂)。
中性硼硅玻璃管制注射剂瓶(10 mL);注射用泮托拉唑钠(规格:60 mg);注射用冷冻干燥无菌粉末用覆聚四氟乙烯/乙烯的共聚物膜氯化丁基橡胶塞;泮托拉唑对照品(100 mg);Si、B、Ti单标标准液(1 000 μg·mL-1),Al、Mg、Ca、Ba、As、Sb、Cd混合标准液(1 000 μg·mL-1),Zn标准液(10 000 μg·mL-1),Sc、Ge、In内标溶液(1 000 mg·L-1);枸橼酸钠、甘氨酸、氯化钾、氢氧化钠均为优级纯;硝酸为BV-Ⅲ级;试验用水为Milli-Q 制备的超纯水。
采用氦气(He)碰撞反应池模式,射频功率:1.550 kW;载气流量:1.08 L·min-1;辅助气:0.90 L·min-1,雾化泵转速:0.1 r·s-1;雾化室温度:2 ℃,出口温度:41.3 ℃,入口温度:37.4 ℃。采样深度: 8 mm。 分析模式:全定量,重复3次,测定质量数: 28Si,48Ti,11B,24Mg,27Al,43Ca,以45Sc作为内标元素;75As,65Zn,以72Ge 为内标;121Sb、111Cd、137Ba,以115In作为内标元素,在线内标加入。
①铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉混合元素线性储备溶液: 分别精密量取水中铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉混合元素标准溶液适量,置于100 mL量瓶中,加入体积分数5%硝酸稀释至刻度,制成含铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉分别为20、100、200、300、400 μg·L-1混合元素线性储备溶液。② 硅元素线性储备溶液:精密量取硅元素标准溶液适量,加入体积分数5%硝酸逐级稀释,得到浓度分别为20、200、400、1 000、2 000 μg·L-1的硅元素线性储备溶液。③硼元素线性储备溶液: 精密量取硼元素标准溶液1.0 mL,置于100 mL量瓶中,加入体积分数5%硝酸稀释至刻度,摇匀,得到质量浓度为10 μg·mL-1的硼元素线性储备溶液。④锌元素线性储备溶液:分别精密量取水中锌元素标准溶液适量,置于100 mL量瓶中,加入体积分数5%硝酸稀释至刻度,制成质量浓度分别为20、100、200、300、400 μg·L-1锌元素线性储备溶液。⑤钛元素线性储备溶液: 分别精密量取钛元素标准溶液适量,加入体积分数5%硝酸逐级稀释,得到质量浓度分别为20、100、200、300、400 μg·L-1的钛元素线性储备溶液。
分别精密量取含铟、锗、铋元素的内标溶液适量,用体积分数5%的硝酸溶液稀释定容到100 mL,制成1 μg·mL-1的混合内标溶液。
①注射用泮托拉唑钠水溶液:取泮托拉唑钠原料药,按处方比例制成含泮托拉唑钠质量浓度为4 mg·mL-1的溶液,即得。② 3%枸橼酸钠水溶液:称取无水枸橼酸钠3 g,以90 mL水溶解,用0.1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠调pH至8.0后定容至100 mL,即得。③质量分数0.9%KCl 水溶液:称取KCl 0.9 g,以90 mL水溶解,用0.1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠调节pH为8.0后定容至100 mL,即得。④ 20 mmol·L-1甘氨酸水溶液:量取0.2 mol·L-1甘氨酸溶液50 mL,加入0.2 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液32 mL,以水定容至500 mL,即得。
取注射用泮托拉唑钠1支,加入水10 mL溶解后,精密量取5 mL,置于25 mL量瓶中,用5%硝酸溶液稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得供试品溶液。
注射用泮托拉唑钠水溶液pH在9.5~11.0之间,属碱性药物,它的灭菌方式为过滤除菌,无热压灭菌环节。故模拟提取试验研究中,依据《化学药品注射剂与药用玻璃包装容器相容性研究技术指导原则》要求,同时参考USP<233>玻璃内表面耐受性评估指南中的加速脱片介质与条件,采用0.9% KCl 水溶液(pH 8.0),3%枸橼酸钠水溶液(pH 8.0),20 mmol·L-1甘氨酸水溶液(pH 10.0),注射用泮托拉唑钠水溶液(4 mg·mL-1)等4种模拟提取溶剂,对中性管制瓶和覆膜塞中的元素成分进行提取,尽可能多地提取出潜在成分。
取洗净中硼硅管制西林瓶12支,分别加入4种模拟提取溶液至其满口容量的90%,没过西林瓶颈部,用覆膜塞密封后,倒置于烧杯中,参考USP<233>玻璃内表面耐受性评估指南中的加速条件,分别采用0.9% KCl 水溶液(pH 8.0)在80 ℃条件下加热24 h;3%枸橼酸钠水溶液(pH 8.0)在121 ℃条件下加热2 h;20 mmol·L-1甘氨酸水溶液(pH 10.0)在50 ℃条件下加热24 h;注射用泮托拉唑钠水溶液(4 mg·mL-1)在121 ℃件下加热1 h 进行操作,待溶液冷却至室温,即得供试品溶液。测定Ti、Zn元素前将此供试品溶液分别用5%硝酸溶液稀释3、2、2和5倍,测定其他9种元素前将此供试品溶液分别用5%硝酸溶液稀释30、500、10和50倍后,直接导入ICP-MS测定。
根据药品包装材料和药物相容性试验指南中的规定,分别取模拟注射用泮托拉唑钠市售包装60 mg规格供试品,正置、倒置分别于温度(30±2) ℃、相对湿度(65±5)%的密闭容器中,遮光放置12个月,分别于第0、6、12个月末各取样1支,以10 mL水溶解,测定Ti、Zn元素前用5%硝酸溶液稀释5倍,测定其他9种元素前用5%硝酸溶液稀释50倍后,按“2.1项”下条件进行ICP-MS检测;正置、倒置分别于温度(20±2) ℃、相对湿度(60±10)%的密闭容器中,遮光放置12个月,分别于第0、6、12个月末各取样1支,以10 mL水溶解,并以5%硝酸稀释后,按“2.1”项下条件进行ICP-MS检测。考察加速12个月和长期12个月条件下,中性管制瓶和覆膜塞组合包材中元素杂质在注射用泮托拉唑钠中的迁移趋势。
本品为泮托拉唑钠的注射用无菌粉末,最大日用剂量为160 mg·d-1或者20 mL·d-1。根据《化学药品注射剂与药用玻璃包装容器相容性研究技术指导原则(试行)》《ICH Q3D元素杂质指南》《USP General Chapter on Inorganic Impurities:Heavy Metals》,AET计算方法为各元素最大日暴露量(PDE)与最大日用剂量的比值,其中PDE值的计算参照《ICH Q3D元素杂质指南》《化学药品注射剂与药用玻璃包装容器相容性研究技术指导原则(征求意见稿)》确定了As、Sb、Cd、Ba这4种元素元素杂质允许日暴露量;《USP General Chapter on Inorganic Impurities:Heavy Metals》中规定了口服B、Al元素的PDE值,注射剂PDE值按口服PDE的十分之一计算;由于各国药典中尚未确认Si、Mg、Ca元素的限度,考虑到这3种元素的安全性同B、Al相近,故参考PDE值较小的B元素的限度进行Si、Mg、Ca、Ti的安全性分析,最终确认其静脉PDE值,各元素的AET值按公式1进行计算。
AET(μg·L-1)=$\frac{PDE(\mu g·{d}^{-1})}{20 mL·{d}^{-1}}$×1 000
因目标元素对照品的组成和内标不同,将线性试验分为铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉、硅混合元素,硼元素,钛及锌混合元素3组进行。分别取“2.2.1”项下铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉混合元素线性储备溶液和硅元素线性储备溶液等量混合,得到含铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉元素质量浓度分别为10、50、100、150、200 μg·L-1和硅元素质量浓度为10、100、200、500、1 000 μg·L-1的混合线性溶液。分别精密量取硼元素线性储备液0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 mL,置于10 mL量瓶中,加入5%硝酸稀释至刻度,制成质量浓度分别为10、50、100、200、400 μg·L-1的硼元素线性溶液。分别将“2.2.1”项下锌元素和钛元素线性储备溶液等量混合,得到含锌、钛元素质量浓度分别为10、50、100、150、200 μg·L-1的钛、锌混合线性溶液。依照“2.1”项下所述试验条件,进行ICP-MS测定。以每秒计数(count per second,CPS)比率为纵坐标,质量浓度ρ(μg·L-1)为横坐标绘制标准曲线并计算线性回归方程及相关系数。结果见表1
结果表明,铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉各种元素在10~200 μg·L-1内,浓度和CPS比率线性关系良好。硅元素在10~1 000 μg·L-1内,浓度和CPS比率线性关系良好。硼元素在10~400 μg·L-1内,浓度和CPS比率线性关系良好。钛、锌元素在10~200 μg·L-1内,浓度和CPS比率线性关系良好。
分别取铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉、硅混合元素对照品溶液(10 μg·L-1)、硼元素对照品溶液(0.3 μg·L-1)和锌、钛混合元素对照品溶液(5 μg·L-1)作为供试溶液,按ICP-MS测定条件连续测定10次,计算检测限和定量限,结果见表1
取C058131101批注射用泮托拉唑钠,依照“2.1”项下所述试验条件,重复测定6次,计算相对标准偏差(RSD)。结果见表2
检测结果表明,注射用泮托拉唑钠中硅检出的浓度远大于定量限,重复性RSD为1.10%,重复性较好。硼检出浓度高于定量限,重复性的RSD为3.05%,也具有较好的重复性。钡、铝元素可检出浓度已接近定量限。在注射用泮托拉唑钠的溶解过程中,由于溶液呈碱性,可能会伴随着玻璃内壁中少量铝元素的轻微析出,故偏差较大,RSD为13.46%,镁、钙、砷、锑、镉、钛、锌等元素均低于定量限,未进行统计。
取注射用泮托拉唑钠样品1支,共12份,分别精密加入铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉元素混合对照品储备溶液(10 μg·mL-1)0.025、0.125、0.25及0.5 mL各3份,加水溶解后定量转移至同一25 mL 量瓶中并稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为测定铝、镁、钙、钡、砷、锑、镉元素加样回收率的溶液。另取样品1支,共9份,分别精密加入10 μg·mL-1的硼、锌、钛标准液0.125、0.25、0.5 mL各3份,加水溶解后定量转移至同一25 mL量瓶中并稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为测定硼、锌、钛元素加样回收率的溶液。取样品1支,分别精密加入10 μg·mL-1的硅标准液0.25、0.5、2.5 mL各3份,加水溶解后定量转移至同一25 mL量瓶中并稀释至刻度,摇匀,作为测定硅元素加样回收率的溶液。采用在线内标法,通过蠕动泵将供试品溶液与内标溶液混合后注入仪器,进样测定,计算各元素的加样回收率,结果见表3
由结果可知,各元素回收率在97.5%~108.8%之间,RSD值最大为3.5%。ICP-MS对各元素的检测均具有较好的准确度。
采用ICP-MS对侵蚀后的提取溶液进行各元素杂质的分析,并将提取前溶液本身各元素浓度(简称提取前浓度)与提取试验后溶液中各元素浓度(简称提取后浓度)进行比较,结果见表4
提取试验结果表明,采用ICP-MS检测提取前、后溶液,各提取液中提取的元素均小于AET值,各提取溶液提取试验前后SiO2/B2O3值变化不大。因Si、Al元素都有较大程度提取,故各模拟溶液提取试验前后Si/Al值有较大变化,但仍远低于AET值限度。鉴于提取条件已是较为剧烈,而且提取液中离子浓度仍在AET值以下,因此本结果有利于评价玻璃内表面耐水性引入的安全性风险。
对于中硼玻璃与覆膜塞中的可迁移物,由于玻璃容器产生脱片的倾向、覆膜塞中金属元素的迁移与盛装注射液的时间长短相关,为进一步明确药品对注射用泮托拉唑钠组合包材的影响,在加速6、12个月,长期6、12个月等稳定性考察时间点对稳定性样品进行迁移元素测定,并将结果同0 d检测结果进行对比,结果见表5
结果表明,在药物加速试验12个月和长期试验12个月的存储过程中,供试品溶液中Si、B、Al、Mg、Ca、Ba、As、Sb、Cd、Ti均有不同程度的检出,但均低于AET值限度;各供试品溶液中均未能检出Zn元素。在加速、长期试验条件下,随着时间的增加,硅、钙、钡有明显上升趋势,铝、硼、钛也略有升高,砷、锑、镉、镁迁移数值略有波动,但均明显低于AET值限度。SiO2/B2O3值、Si/Al值并未发生显著变化,则预示玻璃容器受侵蚀产生脱片和微粒(玻屑)的风险基本可控。加速条件下,正置和倒置供试品的Si/Al比值均大于长期稳定性条件下正置和倒置的供试品Si/Al值,这主要与Si(硅)元素在加速条件下测得值较大有关,提示温度增加对玻璃注射剂瓶的贮藏不利。综上,推测注射用泮托拉唑钠对组合包材产生的影响较小,故对人体的安全影响也较小。
根据泮托拉唑说明书中规定的最大日用量,计算得到AET值,并将提取试验结果及迁移试验长期12个月数据进行对比,见表6
结果表明,AET值最大的为铝元素为250 000 μg·L-1;其次为Zn元素,AET为65 000 μg·L-1;再次为Si、Mg、Ca、B、Ti均为50 000 μg·L-1;安全性较低的有:Sb元素(AET值为4 500 μg·L-1)和As元素(AET值为750 μg·L-1);安全性最低为Cd元素(AET值为100 μg·L-1)。按AET值判断,As、Sb、Cd等重金属安全性限度较低,应重点关注。而且本方法各元素的检测限远低于对应的AET值,灵敏度高,方法可行。另外,提取试验结果中所有元素杂质的浓度均小于AET,说明包装材料中可提取物对产品的安全性影响较小。包装材料中的各种添加成分在加速条件12个月和长期条件12个月样品中金属元素的检测结果均低于AET值。因此,中硼管制注射剂瓶和覆膜塞组合包装与注射用泮托拉唑钠相容性良好,元素摄入风险基本可控,可用于包装注射用泮托拉唑钠。
采用ICP-MS,建立了研究注射用泮托拉唑钠与中硼管制瓶-覆膜塞组合包材相容性实验方法。 该方法操作简便、重复性好、准确度高,可有效检测注射用泮托拉唑钠对包材内表面造成的影响,有助于判断注射液是否对其包材发生侵蚀,并评估由此造成的风险。随着加速试验和长期试验时间的推移,供试品中虽检出较高浓度的Si、B、Al元素,但仍远低于安全限度,其他元素检出量均低于AET值,甚至低于检出限。包装材料中可提取物对药品的安全性影响较小,满足安全性要求。结果相容性和安全性评价结果,药品与组合包材之间的相容性良好,元素摄入风险低。采用此方法既可掌握注射用泮托拉唑钠质量整体水平,又能为监管部门对上市后药品再评价提供技术储备和数据支持,为同类品种药品的质量控制、元素摄入安全性评估提供参考。
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2024年第59卷第18期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.18.010
  • 接收时间:2024-03-26
  • 首发时间:2025-12-30
  • 出版时间:2024-09-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-26
基金
石家庄市科技计划-青年创新能力提升专项项目资助(241200145A)
石家庄学院教学改革研究与实践项目-国际化建设专项资助(GJZX-2023009)
石家庄学院思政示范课程(KCSZ-202308)
作者信息
    1 石家庄学院化工学院, 石家庄市靶点药物研究与药效学评价重点实验室, 河北省核苷类抗病毒药物技术创新中心, 石家庄 050035
    2 石家庄学院科研处, 石家庄 050035

通讯作者:

* 刘斯婕,女,博士,教授 研究方向:药物制备与分析 Tel:(0311)66617320;
王飞,男,硕士,助理工程师 研究方向:食品药品质量检测 Tel:(0311)66617125
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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