Article(id=1218291754273521992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218291750003724554, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)13-1262-05, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.13.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1687104000000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768392988985, onlineDateStr=2026-01-14, pubDate=1720368000000, pubDateStr=2024-07-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768392988985, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768392988985, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768392988985, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1218291750003724554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='13', pageStart='1173', pageEnd='1272', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768392987967, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768394537396, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218298248834503031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218291750003724554, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218298248838697336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1218291750003724554, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1262, endPage=1266, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1218291754571317586, articleId=1218291754273521992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Safety of Tislelizumab in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-center Retrospective Study, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate the risk signals of tislelizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, so as to provide basis for future management of irAEs and better tumor immunotherapy in NSCLC patients. METHODS The clinical data of NSCLC patients who received tislelizumab in Peking University People's Hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The occurrence of irAEs during tislelizumab treatment was observed, the incidence of irAEs was summarized, and the clinical features of irAEs and non-irAEs groups were compared. RESULTS Sixty-eight NSCLC patients received tislelizumab, of whom 22 (32.35%) developed 32 irAEs. The main manifestations were pulmonary toxicity (17.65%), skin toxicity (11.76%), endocrine toxicity (5.88%), gastrointestinal toxicity (4.41%), cardiovascular toxicity (4.41%), and hematological toxicity (2.94%). The median duration of irAEs was 79 d (1-706 d). Thirteen cases (59.09%) were treated with glucocorticoids. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of irAEs group and non-irAEs group showed that the incidence of irAEs in patients with hepatic insufficiency was higher (P<0.05), the other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION irAEs involve multiple systems/organs, so attention should be paid to the management of immune-related toxicity, timely detection, and treatment of irAEs, to achieve better effects of tumor immunotherapy.

, correspAuthors=Xiaohong ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaolei REN, Yiqiu ZHAN, Gang LIU, Yi LIU, Lin HUANG, Xiaohong ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1218291755196268916, articleId=1218291754273521992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=替雷利珠单抗在非小细胞肺癌患者中安全性的单中心回顾性研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 对替雷利珠单抗在非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者中的风险信号进行识别与评估,为今后免疫治疗相关不良反应(immune-related adverse events,irAEs)的管理,及NSCLC患者更好实现肿瘤的免疫治疗提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2021年4月至2023年4月北京大学人民医院住院接受替雷利珠单抗治疗的NSCLC患者的临床资料。观察替雷利珠单抗治疗期间irAEs的发生情况,对irAEs的发生率进行汇总,并将irAEs组和非irAEs组的临床特征进行比较。结果 68例NSCLC患者使用替雷利珠单抗,其中22例发生irAEs,发生率为32.35%。共有22名患者发生了32次irAEs,主要表现为肺毒性(17.65%)、皮肤毒性(11.76%)、内分泌毒性(5.88%)、胃肠毒性(4.41%)、心血管毒性(4.41%)和血液毒性(2.94%)。总irAEs发生的中位时间为79 d(1~706 d)。有13例(59.09%)应用糖皮质激素治疗。irAEs组和非irAEs组临床特征比较,有肝功能不全患者irAEs发生率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 irAEs 累及多个系统/器官,临床应重视免疫相关性毒性的管理,及时发现并处理irAEs,更好的实现肿瘤免疫治疗。

, correspAuthors=张晓红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张晓红,女,博士,主任医师 研究方向:医院药学 Tel(010)88325752
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任晓蕾,女,硕士,主管药师 研究方向:临床药学和药物警戒

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任晓蕾,女,硕士,主管药师 研究方向:临床药学和药物警戒

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任晓蕾,女,硕士,主管药师 研究方向:临床药学和药物警戒

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累及系统/器官 临床表现 例数/n 发生率/% ADR分级/n 治疗方式/n
肺毒性 肺炎 12 17.65 2级(11)、3级(1) 激素(5)/抗感染(4)/雾化吸入(1)/未予药物治疗(3)
皮肤毒性 皮疹;皮肤瘙痒 8 11.76 1级(1)、2级(7) 激素(3)/抗过敏(5)/未予药物治疗(1)
内分泌毒性 亚临床甲状腺功能减退症;甲状腺机能减退;亚临床甲状腺功能亢进 4 5.88 1级(2)、2级(2) 左甲状腺素钠(2)/未予药物治疗(2)
胃肠毒性 肠炎;便潜血阳性 3 4.41 2级(2)、3级(1) 激素(3)/止泻(2)
心血管毒性 心肌损伤;喘憋、窦性心动过速 3 4.41 1级(1)、2级(1)、3级(1) 激素(2)/未予药物治疗(1)
血液毒性 白细胞减少、粒细胞减少 2 2.94 2级(2) 人粒细胞刺激因子(2)
), ArticleFig(id=1218291759810003536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291754273521992, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

免疫治疗相关不良反应(irAEs)临床表现、发生率、药品不良反应(ADR)分级及治疗情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
累及系统/器官 临床表现 例数/n 发生率/% ADR分级/n 治疗方式/n
肺毒性 肺炎 12 17.65 2级(11)、3级(1) 激素(5)/抗感染(4)/雾化吸入(1)/未予药物治疗(3)
皮肤毒性 皮疹;皮肤瘙痒 8 11.76 1级(1)、2级(7) 激素(3)/抗过敏(5)/未予药物治疗(1)
内分泌毒性 亚临床甲状腺功能减退症;甲状腺机能减退;亚临床甲状腺功能亢进 4 5.88 1级(2)、2级(2) 左甲状腺素钠(2)/未予药物治疗(2)
胃肠毒性 肠炎;便潜血阳性 3 4.41 2级(2)、3级(1) 激素(3)/止泻(2)
心血管毒性 心肌损伤;喘憋、窦性心动过速 3 4.41 1级(1)、2级(1)、3级(1) 激素(2)/未予药物治疗(1)
血液毒性 白细胞减少、粒细胞减少 2 2.94 2级(2) 人粒细胞刺激因子(2)
), ArticleFig(id=1218291759906472532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291754273521992, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基线临床
数据
irAEs组
(n=22)
非irAEs组
(n=46)
t/χ2 P
性别 0.155 0.694
19 38
3 8
平均年龄 65.45 ±8.43 65.35 ±7.71 0.052 0.959
平均BMI 22.55 ±3.30 23.20 ±3.30 -0.769 0.445
过敏史 0.001 0.975
13 27
9 19
irAEs史 1.885 0.170
3 2
19 44
吸烟史 0.384 0.536
16 30
6 16
饮酒史 0.123 0.726
10 23
12 23
肿瘤家族史 0.008 0.927
5 10
17 36
肿瘤组织类型 1.176 0.278
鳞癌 15 25
非鳞癌 7 21
肝功能不全 4.309 0.038
2 0
20 46
肾功能不全 0.144 0.704
2 3
20 43
手术治疗史 0.091 0.763
7 13
15 33
化疗史 1.501 0.221
22 43
0 3
预防用药 0.007 0.932
16 33
6 13
药物剂量 1.688 0.194
100 mg 2 1
200 mg 20 45
), ArticleFig(id=1218291760015524444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1218291754273521992, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

irAEs组和非irAEs组临床特征比较的单因素分析。n=68

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基线临床
数据
irAEs组
(n=22)
非irAEs组
(n=46)
t/χ2 P
性别 0.155 0.694
19 38
3 8
平均年龄 65.45 ±8.43 65.35 ±7.71 0.052 0.959
平均BMI 22.55 ±3.30 23.20 ±3.30 -0.769 0.445
过敏史 0.001 0.975
13 27
9 19
irAEs史 1.885 0.170
3 2
19 44
吸烟史 0.384 0.536
16 30
6 16
饮酒史 0.123 0.726
10 23
12 23
肿瘤家族史 0.008 0.927
5 10
17 36
肿瘤组织类型 1.176 0.278
鳞癌 15 25
非鳞癌 7 21
肝功能不全 4.309 0.038
2 0
20 46
肾功能不全 0.144 0.704
2 3
20 43
手术治疗史 0.091 0.763
7 13
15 33
化疗史 1.501 0.221
22 43
0 3
预防用药 0.007 0.932
16 33
6 13
药物剂量 1.688 0.194
100 mg 2 1
200 mg 20 45
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替雷利珠单抗在非小细胞肺癌患者中安全性的单中心回顾性研究
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任晓蕾 , 詹轶秋 , 刘刚 , 刘一 , 黄琳 , 张晓红 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(13): 1262-1266
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(13): 1262-1266
替雷利珠单抗在非小细胞肺癌患者中安全性的单中心回顾性研究
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任晓蕾, 詹轶秋, 刘刚, 刘一, 黄琳, 张晓红*
作者信息
  • 北京大学人民医院药学部, 北京 100044
  • 任晓蕾,女,硕士,主管药师 研究方向:临床药学和药物警戒

通讯作者:

* 张晓红,女,博士,主任医师 研究方向:医院药学 Tel(010)88325752
Safety of Tislelizumab in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-center Retrospective Study
Xiaolei REN, Yiqiu ZHAN, Gang LIU, Yi LIU, Lin HUANG, Xiaohong ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
出版时间: 2024-07-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.13.012
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目的 对替雷利珠单抗在非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者中的风险信号进行识别与评估,为今后免疫治疗相关不良反应(immune-related adverse events,irAEs)的管理,及NSCLC患者更好实现肿瘤的免疫治疗提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2021年4月至2023年4月北京大学人民医院住院接受替雷利珠单抗治疗的NSCLC患者的临床资料。观察替雷利珠单抗治疗期间irAEs的发生情况,对irAEs的发生率进行汇总,并将irAEs组和非irAEs组的临床特征进行比较。结果 68例NSCLC患者使用替雷利珠单抗,其中22例发生irAEs,发生率为32.35%。共有22名患者发生了32次irAEs,主要表现为肺毒性(17.65%)、皮肤毒性(11.76%)、内分泌毒性(5.88%)、胃肠毒性(4.41%)、心血管毒性(4.41%)和血液毒性(2.94%)。总irAEs发生的中位时间为79 d(1~706 d)。有13例(59.09%)应用糖皮质激素治疗。irAEs组和非irAEs组临床特征比较,有肝功能不全患者irAEs发生率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 irAEs 累及多个系统/器官,临床应重视免疫相关性毒性的管理,及时发现并处理irAEs,更好的实现肿瘤免疫治疗。

免疫相关不良反应  /  真实世界研究  /  替雷利珠单抗  /  非小细胞肺癌

OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate the risk signals of tislelizumab in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, so as to provide basis for future management of irAEs and better tumor immunotherapy in NSCLC patients. METHODS The clinical data of NSCLC patients who received tislelizumab in Peking University People's Hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The occurrence of irAEs during tislelizumab treatment was observed, the incidence of irAEs was summarized, and the clinical features of irAEs and non-irAEs groups were compared. RESULTS Sixty-eight NSCLC patients received tislelizumab, of whom 22 (32.35%) developed 32 irAEs. The main manifestations were pulmonary toxicity (17.65%), skin toxicity (11.76%), endocrine toxicity (5.88%), gastrointestinal toxicity (4.41%), cardiovascular toxicity (4.41%), and hematological toxicity (2.94%). The median duration of irAEs was 79 d (1-706 d). Thirteen cases (59.09%) were treated with glucocorticoids. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of irAEs group and non-irAEs group showed that the incidence of irAEs in patients with hepatic insufficiency was higher (P<0.05), the other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION irAEs involve multiple systems/organs, so attention should be paid to the management of immune-related toxicity, timely detection, and treatment of irAEs, to achieve better effects of tumor immunotherapy.

immune-related adverse event  /  real-world study  /  tislelizumab  /  non-small cell lung cancer
任晓蕾, 詹轶秋, 刘刚, 刘一, 黄琳, 张晓红. 替雷利珠单抗在非小细胞肺癌患者中安全性的单中心回顾性研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (13) : 1262 -1266 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.13.012
Xiaolei REN, Yiqiu ZHAN, Gang LIU, Yi LIU, Lin HUANG, Xiaohong ZHANG. Safety of Tislelizumab in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-center Retrospective Study[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (13) : 1262 -1266 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.13.012
据国家癌症中心统计,肺癌是中国发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,每年新发病例约82.8万,占新发癌症总数的24.6%,每年死亡病例约65.7万,占所有癌症死亡人数的29.71%[1]。肺癌大致可以分为非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC) 和小细胞肺癌(small-cell lung cancer,SCLC)两大类,其中NSCLC 约占80%~85%,包括腺癌和鳞癌等组织学亚型[2]。近年来,免疫治疗成为肺癌治疗的新兴热点,其中以程序性细胞死亡受体1(programmed death receptor-1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed death receptor-1 ligand,PD-L1)抑制剂为代表的免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)在肺癌治疗中不断取得突破性进展,从一、二线治疗到巩固治疗,免疫治疗在肺癌个体化精准治疗中表现出巨大潜力[3]。替雷利珠单抗是我国自主研发的抗PD-1单克隆抗体, 2019年12月27日获国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration,NMPA)批准上市,2021年1月13日获批联合紫杉醇和卡铂用于局部晚期或转移性鳞状非小细胞肺癌(squamous non-small cell lung cancer,sq-NSCLC)的一线治疗,2021年6月23日获批联合培美曲塞和铂类药物用于表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变阴性和间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)阴性、不可手术切除的局部晚期或转移性非鳞状非小细胞肺癌(non-squamous nonsmall cell lung cancer,nsq-NSCLC)的一线治疗[4]
ICIs与其他抗肿瘤药物一样,在表现出明确疗效的同时,也会伴随出现各种各样与其作用机制相关的独特不良反应,称为免疫治疗相关不良反应(immune-related adverse events,irAEs),irAEs可涉及全身各个脏器系统[5]。本研究回顾性分析2021年4月至2023年4月北京大学人民医院住院接受替雷利珠单抗治疗的NSCLC患者的临床资料,对替雷利珠单抗在NSCLC患者中的风险信号进行识别与评估,为今后irAEs的管理,及NSCLC患者更好实现肿瘤的免疫治疗提供依据。
本研究为回顾性研究,收集2021年4月至2023年4月在北京大学人民医院住院接受替雷利珠单抗治疗的NSCLC患者的资料共68例。纳入标准:①年龄≥18岁;②诊断NSCLC的住院患者;③接受至少1 个周期的替雷利珠单抗治疗。排除标准:①年龄<18岁;②应用替雷利珠单抗治疗的非NSCLC住院患者。本研究已通过北京大学人民医院伦理委员会批准(2023PHB001-001)。
人工查阅电子病历系统,收集接受替雷利珠单抗治疗的NSCLC患者的基线临床数据,包括人口统计学信息(性别、年龄、身高、体重)、肿瘤家族史、过敏史、肺癌病理学类型、出院诊断、替雷利珠单抗给药剂量、治疗时间、免疫治疗方案(单药或联合化疗)、是否有预防用药等。对于出现irAEs的患者,收集irAEs的发生时间、分级、治疗方案和转归等信息。观察期定义为首次替雷利珠单抗暴露到最近一次随访之间的天数;irAEs发生时间定义为首次接触替雷利珠单抗到irAEs发病之间的天数。数据应用Microsoft Excel 2016和SPSS 22.0软件进行整理和统计分析,计量资料用$\bar{x}±s$表示,计数资料用n(%)表示。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
药品不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)因果关系明确,根据《药品不良反应报告和监测工作手册》 [6]中“ADR 关联性评价标准”进行评价,纳入评价结果为肯定、很可能及可能的ADR。依据美国国家癌症研究所(National Cancer Institute,NCI)建立的不良事件通用评价标准(common terminology criteria for adverse events,CTCAE)5.0版将毒性大致分为5个级别[7]:1级,无症状或症状轻微;无需特殊干预可自行缓解。2级,轻微日常活动受限;需要局部治疗。3级,致残或中-重度日常活动受限,不会危及生命;需要住院治疗。4级,危及生命,需立即急救治疗。5级,死亡。
68例NSCLC患者使用替雷利珠单抗,其中男性57例,女性11例,男女比例5.18:1。年龄40~84岁,>65岁患者40人(58.82%),平均年龄(65.38±7.89)岁。68例患者中22例发生irAEs,发生率为32.35%,相关性评价均为可能与很可能。
共有22名患者发生了32次irAEs,位于前三位的主要是肺毒性、皮肤毒性与内分泌毒性,发生率分别为17.65%、11.76%和5.88%。32次irAEs 的ADR分级分别是,1级4例,2级25例,3级3例。情况见表1
结果表明,总irAEs发生的中位时间为79 d(1~706 d),心血管毒性、皮肤毒性、内分泌毒性、肺毒性发生的时间较早,中位时间在1~3个月内,而胃肠毒性、血液毒性发生的时间较晚,中位时间在3~6个月,见图1
22例出现irAEs的患者暂停用药/停药12例,继续用药8例,2例未再入院是否继续用药不详。有13例(59.09%)应用糖皮质激素治疗,除1例要求出院转归不详外,其余21例均好转。
68例患者中22例发生irAEs,发生率为32.35%。对两组患者进行对比发现,性别、平均年龄、平均身体质量指数(BMI)、过敏史、irAEs史、吸烟史、饮酒史、肿瘤家族史、肿瘤组织类型、肾功能不全、手术治疗史、化疗史、预防用量、药物剂量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),有肝功能不全患者irAEs发生率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),情况见表2
本研究中68例使用替雷利珠单抗的NSCLC患者男女比例为5.18:1,平均年龄(65.38±7.89)岁,中老年男性为肺癌的多发人群,这与其流行病学特征相一致[8]。一项中国人群免疫检查点抑制剂相关不良事件的研究显示[9],1 063名患者中任何级别irAEs、1~2级irAEs和3~5级irAEs的发生率分别为43.3%,40.0%和3.0%。一项替雷利珠单抗治疗复发或难治性经典霍奇金淋巴瘤单臂多中心2期研究结果显示[10],70名患者中27名(38.1%)患者出现irAEs。一项中国人群大型真实世界研究中[11],共有26.9%(512/1 905)的患者出现671例irAEs。本研究中共有共有32.35%(22/68)的患者出现32例irAEs,符合真实世界中irAEs的发生率。
几乎所有的器官都可能受到irAEs 影响,目前其发生机制尚不明确,也有研究表明,新抗原的形成、肿瘤微环境的改变、适应性免疫反应对此可能起着重要作用[12]。ICIs治疗的有效性和安全性主要基于患者启动免疫反应的能力,与其他抗肿瘤药的不同之处在于它针对的是免疫系统,而不是肿瘤细胞本身 [13]。irAEs可累及各个系统,其中以肺脏、皮肤、内分泌系统、消化系统等较为常见[14]。本研究中的irAEs位于前三位的是肺毒性、皮肤毒性和内分泌毒性。本研究中17.65%的患者出现了肺毒性,当前免疫检查点抑制剂相关性肺炎(checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis,CIP)的发生率仍有争议,临床研究中报道的发生率为3%~5%,部分真实世界数据显示CIP发生率高达9.5%~19.0%,临床研究中纳入的人群较真实世界的患者相比往往是经过选择的,规避了一些发生肺炎的风险,从而导致观察到的CIP发生率更低[15-16]。有研究表明[17],接受PD-1抑制剂治疗的患者皮肤irAEs发生率为34%,临床表现多样,本研究中11.76%的患者出现了皮肤毒性,临床表现以皮疹和皮肤瘙痒为主。甲状腺irAEs的特征是新发甲状腺功能减退,发病率为6.6%,比甲状腺功能亢进更常见,本研究中5.88%患者出现甲状腺irAEs,以甲状腺功能减退为主,一般可在常规检查中发现,此时患者症状尚不明显,一般低于2级[18]。irAEs 可能发生在多个器官,发病时间差异很大,由受累器官系统决定,可在接受ICIs 治疗后的任何时间发生,通常在1~6 个月内发生,从早期出现到延迟事件发生,主要的发病窗口时间是4~12周,本研究中总irAEs发生的中位时间为79 d(1~706 d),提示多数irAEs 在首次给药4个周期内发生 [19]
本研究中与替雷利珠单抗治疗相关的irAEs多为1级或2级,少量为3级(包括肺炎、肠炎、心肌损伤)。由于irAEs是由免疫系统过度激活导致,目前临床的治疗策略是通过各种免疫抑制剂重新抑制机体免疫系统,主要包括广谱的免疫抑制剂类固醇皮质激素;针对T细胞的药物,如霉酚酸酯类药物、氨甲蝶呤、环磷酰胺、他克莫司、环孢素等;针对免疫细胞产生的细胞因子阻断疗法,如肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α拮抗剂英夫利西单抗、白细胞介素6受体(interleukin 6 receptor,IL-6R)拮抗剂托珠单抗、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)拮抗剂卡那单抗等[20]。总体治疗原则如下[21]:CTCAE 1 级的irAEs患者通常无须处理,大多可以继续ICIs治疗,仅需密切观察患者的情况即可;2 级irAEs的患者,需要中止ICIs 治疗,待不良反应减轻后可继续接受治疗,对于部分器官损伤较大但症状较轻的患者,或停药后irAEs仍持续存在的患者,考虑使用糖皮质激素治疗;出现3或4级irAEs的患者,需及时停药并立即使用糖皮质激素进行治疗,患者症状缓解后评估是否恢复ICIs治疗;出现4级irAEs的患者,永久停用ICIs。本研究中大部分irAEs的治疗均符合指南要求,而治疗的转归仍有待总结。
美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)不良事件报告系统显示,与接受ICIs单药治疗或联合治疗的18~64岁患者相比, 65岁以上患者发生irAEs 的比率增加[22]。然而回顾性分析的结果仍存在较大差异,一项针对黑色素瘤、肾透明细胞癌和NSCLC 的回顾性分析显示,不同年龄段在发生irAEs等级上无明显差异,但内分泌毒性在<65岁的患者中更常见,而皮肤病毒性在≥75岁的患者中更常见[23]。老年肿瘤患者建议在给予ICIs 治疗前对其主要脏器功能、合并症、认知功能、营养状态、心理状态、社会支持及伴随用药等进行综合评估[24]。本研究单因素分析显示,肝功能不全患者irAEs发生率更高,其余差异无统计学意义。轻中度肝肾功能不全患者初次免疫治疗前应全面评估肝肾功能,密切监测肝功能、肌酐清除率,重度功能不全患者暂不建议接受免疫治疗[24]
ICIs治疗前的常规筛查和风险评估是ICIs相关毒性管理的重要环节,有助于临床筛选出高风险人群,进行早期干预,以减少或避免ICIs相关毒性的发生。在ICIs治疗前,临床医生需完成患者的基线评估,作为治疗过程中发生的任何临床、生物学或影像学异常的参考,并根据评估结果选择治疗[25]。基线的影像学检查对于判断甲状腺、垂体和肺等器官的毒性非常有帮助[26]。irAEs可能发生在治疗的任何阶段,包括在治疗开始时、治疗期间,甚至治疗结束后,在整个免疫治疗期间都应密切监测患者。irAEs恢复后是否再次进行ICIs治疗需根据患者的临床背景和具体临床需求, 充分考虑到患者的耐受性以及所发生irAEs的严重程度,小心谨慎地作出重启ICIs的决定,为尽量减少发生率,可选择不同类型的ICIs治疗[26]。积极管理irAEs,尽可能地提高患者的生存率和生活质量,将会推动ICIs治疗的持续发展。
本研究符合医院伦理、数据安全性管理的要求,同时基于一定信息手段的基础上,获取相应数据开展药物的安全性监测与研究。同时也存在一定的局限性:首先,本研究为一项单中心回顾性的真实世界研究,患者来源较为局限。其次,本研究纳入的病例数量有限,一些变量未能显示出统计学意义。今后的研究将扩大样本量,进一步探索和优化免疫相关性毒性的管理策略,并评估替雷利珠单抗治疗在NSCLC患者中的风险和效益。
  • 医院药物警戒研究协作组医院药学科研专项(DRM2022021)
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2024年第59卷第13期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.13.012
  • 接收时间:2023-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-01-14
  • 出版时间:2024-07-08
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-19
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医院药物警戒研究协作组医院药学科研专项(DRM2022021)
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    北京大学人民医院药学部, 北京 100044

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* 张晓红,女,博士,主任医师 研究方向:医院药学 Tel(010)88325752
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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