Article(id=1200147768930042033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)09-0809-09, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.09.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1669651200000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764067125779, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1715097600000, pubDateStr=2024-05-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764067125779, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764067125779, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067125779, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200147768326062257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='9', pageStart='757', pageEnd='856', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764067125636, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764067301065, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200148504178950495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200148504178950496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1200147768326062257, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=809, endPage=817, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200147769152340148, articleId=1200147768930042033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Preparation and Properties of Tetrahydropalmatine Gel Emulsion, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To prepare tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion with Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and investigate its stability and dissolution characteristics in vitro. METHODS The nascent soap method combined with high pressure homogenization method were used to prepare tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion. Using the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) as evaluation indexes, the single factor response surface method was used to screen the optimal prescription, and the biological properties of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion were investigated. RESULTS The optimum formula was m(Bletilla striata polysaccharide)-m(konjac gum)=50∶1, triethanolamine mass fraction of 0.8%, stearic acid mass fraction of 2.0%. The gel emulsion of tetrahydropalmatine was milky white, fine, uniform and glossy, and had good moisturizing, coating and stability properties. The average particle size and PDI value were about (1.56±0.04) μm, (0.434±0.03), and the cumulative transmittance of the gel emulsion for 24 h was (915.23±85.55) μg·cm-2. CONCLUSION The tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion prepared in this experiment has good appearance, moisture retention, coating and stability, and good transdermal absorption rate. The research results can provide reference for the further development and utilization of tetrahydropalmatine.

, correspAuthors=Peng ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Simei LIU, Lihua ZHANG, Tingting ZHANG, Ke GUO, Shili YE, Shuyue XUE, Peng ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200147771127857396, articleId=1200147768930042033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=延胡索乙素凝胶乳的制备工艺及性质研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 制备延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂,并对制剂稳定性和体外溶出特性进行考察。方法 采用新生皂法与高压均质乳化法结合制备延胡索乙素凝胶乳,以粒径和多分散系数(polydispersity index,PDI)为评价指标,单因素结合响应面法筛选最优的延胡索乙素凝胶乳处方,考察最优处方制凝胶乳剂生物学性质。结果 最佳处方为m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)=50∶1,三乙醇胺的质量分数为0.8%,硬脂酸的质量分数为2%,以最优处方制得延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂为乳白色,膏体细腻、均匀、有光泽,具有良好的保湿性,涂布性与稳定性;平均粒径约(1.56±0.04) μm,PDI值(0.434±0.03),24 h累计透过量(915.23±85.55) μg·cm-2结论 本研究所制备的延胡索乙素凝胶乳具有良好的物理性质和较好的透皮吸收率,研究成果可为进一步开发利用延胡索乙素提供参考。

, correspAuthors=赵鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵鹏,男,博士,教授 研究方向:天然产物分离纯化、修饰活性研究 Tel:(029)38185171
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刘思美,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:天然产物分离纯化、修饰活性研究

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刘思美,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:天然产物分离纯化、修饰活性研究

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刘思美,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:天然产物分离纯化、修饰活性研究

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China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), 2021, 46(18):4666-4673., articleTitle=Progress in application of Bletilla striata polysaccharide in novel drug delivery systems and biomaterials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780707648159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=74, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=CHEN Z K, WANG J X, LIN P, journalName=Cent South Pharm(中南药学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Z K, WANG J X, LIN P, et al. Pharmaceutical application of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. polysaccharide[J]. Cent South Pharm(中南药学), 2019, 17(1):74-77., articleTitle=Pharmaceutical application of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. polysaccharide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780799922850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=50, issue=5, pageStart=1088, pageEnd=1094, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=FEI Y R, XU C, ZHOU D T, journalName=Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), refType=null, unstructuredReference=FEI Y R, XU C, ZHOU D T, et al. Preparation of dl-tetrahydropalmatine ethosomes and their ex vivo transdermal permeation properties[J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药), 2019, 50(5):1088-1094., articleTitle=Preparation of dl-tetrahydropalmatine ethosomes and their ex vivo transdermal permeation properties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780908974755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=2486, pageEnd=2492, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LIANG J, WU H C, DU S Y, journalName=China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG J, WU H C, DU S Y, et al. In vitro transdermal permeation of main compositions in Baimai Ointment[J]. China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志), 2019, 44(12):2486-2492., articleTitle=In vitro transdermal permeation of main compositions in Baimai Ointment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147780984472229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=49, issue=null, pageStart=103, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=NIELSEN J B, BENFELDT E, HOLMGAARD R, journalName=Curr Probl Dermatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIELSEN J B, BENFELDT E, HOLMGAARD R. Penetration through the skin barrier[J]. Curr Probl Dermatol, 2016, 49:103-111., articleTitle=Penetration through the skin barrier, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200147781072552615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=55, issue=20, pageStart=1703, pageEnd=1710, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=LIU C Y, LI J, ZHOU N, journalName=Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU C Y, LI J, ZHOU N, et al. Optimization of synthesis of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch polysaccharide-iron(Ⅲ) by response surface method[J]. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志), 2020, 55(20):1703-1710., articleTitle=Optimization of synthesis of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch polysaccharide-iron(Ⅲ) by response surface method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200147777880687166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, awardId=2022SF-389, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省科技厅重点研发项目社会发展项目资助(2022SF-389), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200147777943601729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, awardId=21JS008, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目资助(21JS008), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200147778023293508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, awardId=2023GP31, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西中医药大学校级基金资助(2023GP31), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200147771459207427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, 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of tetrahydropalmatine reference substance(A) and tetrahydropalmatine in gel emulsion(B), figureFileSmall=IW8KoV8c4LbOyVxA4M1ZYQ==, figureFileBig=+5FqtelEEWoAunY46IT69g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775074697684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=图1, caption=延胡索乙素对照品(A)和凝胶乳剂中延胡索乙素(B)的高效液相色谱(HPLC)图, figureFileSmall=IW8KoV8c4LbOyVxA4M1ZYQ==, figureFileBig=+5FqtelEEWoAunY46IT69g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775305384423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of m(Bletilla striata polysaccharide)-m(konjac glucomannan)(A), triethanolamine mass fraction(B), stearic acid mass fraction(C) on particle size and PDI. n=3, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=MiwWdhcifMAKfB2pPZMgMA==, figureFileBig=oOPHewCfXB3+A5aV2Iuh4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775397659115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=图2, caption=m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)(A)、三乙醇胺质量分数(B)、硬脂酸质量分数(C)对粒径和多分散系数(PDI)的影响. n=3, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=MiwWdhcifMAKfB2pPZMgMA==, figureFileBig=oOPHewCfXB3+A5aV2Iuh4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775494128111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Response surface diagram of the interaction between the two factors of the mass fraction of triethanolamine and m(Bletilla striata polysaccharide)/m(konjac glucomannan), the mass fraction of stearic acid and m(Bletilla striata polysaccharide)/m(konjac glucomannan), the mass fraction of stearic acid and the mass fraction of triethanolamine on the particle size of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion, figureFileSmall=kR0RE2c8BZsDUKB5YDVq/w==, figureFileBig=yW0HKPPqHPhZurEiUnxp+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775590597110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=图3, caption=三乙醇胺质量分数与白及多糖-魔芋胶质量比,硬脂酸质量分数与白及多糖-魔芋胶质量比,硬脂酸与三乙醇胺质量分数比两两因素相互作用对延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂粒径的响应面图, figureFileSmall=kR0RE2c8BZsDUKB5YDVq/w==, figureFileBig=yW0HKPPqHPhZurEiUnxp+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775682871802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Response surface diagram of the interaction between the two factors of the mass fraction of triethanolamine and m(Bletilla striata polysaccharide)/m(konjac glucomannan), the mass fraction of stearic acid and m(Bletilla striata polysaccharide)/m(konjac glucomannan), the mass fraction of stearic acid and the mass fraction of triethanolamine on the PDI value of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion, figureFileSmall=IQaSJEmI1aJeNbn9AsKqHQ==, figureFileBig=qzV1meHZ6WB3yzJeD1c6MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775821283836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=图4, caption=三乙醇胺质量分数与白及多糖-魔芋胶质量比,硬脂酸质量分数与白及多糖-魔芋胶质量比,硬脂酸与三乙醇胺质量分数比两两因素相互作用对延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂PDI值的响应面图, figureFileSmall=IQaSJEmI1aJeNbn9AsKqHQ==, figureFileBig=qzV1meHZ6WB3yzJeD1c6MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147775947112962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=TEM photographs of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion, figureFileSmall=oN+TaetF3wjElL9wJ15fow==, figureFileBig=gYwjEDedWBIlL04A2s7yBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147776056164868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=图5, caption=延胡索乙素凝胶乳的透射电镜(TEM), figureFileSmall=oN+TaetF3wjElL9wJ15fow==, figureFileBig=gYwjEDedWBIlL04A2s7yBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147776161022471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Particle size distribution of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion, figureFileSmall=vDz5xNdu6bgwDHs4RR5mHg==, figureFileBig=I3ztfd63lt265swPcl4FIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147776253297161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=图6, caption=延胡索乙素凝胶乳的粒径分布图, figureFileSmall=vDz5xNdu6bgwDHs4RR5mHg==, figureFileBig=I3ztfd63lt265swPcl4FIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147776366543372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Test results of water loss rate of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion. n=3, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=mpGXSIT7QuZhkLmWbQqglQ==, figureFileBig=5IuhzqCIBNmOjEI+8oCJQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147776496566798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=图7, caption=延胡索乙素凝胶乳失水率实验结果. n=3, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=mpGXSIT7QuZhkLmWbQqglQ==, figureFileBig=5IuhzqCIBNmOjEI+8oCJQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147776609813011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=24 h in vitro transdermal absorption curve of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion. n=3, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=LQ4t3O4FrPZQlG21y6S0sg==, figureFileBig=+vQrgzWTlVed56V92T7LDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147776756613655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=图8, caption=延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂24 h体外透皮吸收曲线. n=3, $\bar{x}±s$, figureFileSmall=LQ4t3O4FrPZQlG21y6S0sg==, figureFileBig=+vQrgzWTlVed56V92T7LDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200147776861471260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Factors and levels in Box-Benhken response surface test

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Factors Levels
-1 0 1
A m(Bletilla striata polysaccharide)-m(Konjac glucomannan) 40∶1 50∶1 60∶1
B Triethanolamine mass fraction/% 0.6 0.8 1.0
C Stearic acid mass fraction/% 1.5 2 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147776978911778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Box-Benhken响应面优化实验因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Factors Levels
-1 0 1
A m(Bletilla striata polysaccharide)-m(Konjac glucomannan) 40∶1 50∶1 60∶1
B Triethanolamine mass fraction/% 0.6 0.8 1.0
C Stearic acid mass fraction/% 1.5 2 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777079575077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Box-Benhken response surface test design and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. X1 X2 X3 Particle size/μm PDI
1 -1 -1 0 1.653 0.569
2 1 -1 0 2.269 0.595
3 -1 1 0 2.054 0.581
4 1 1 0 1.955 0.528
5 -1 0 -1 1.791 0.501
6 1 0 -1 2.089 0.503
7 -1 0 1 1.706 0.552
8 1 0 1 1.987 0.536
9 0 -1 -1 2.385 0.503
10 0 1 -1 2.145 0.52
11 0 -1 1 1.879 0.623
12 0 1 1 2.305 0.517
13 0 0 0 1.563 0.445
14 0 0 0 1.56 0.434
15 0 0 0 1.606 0.461
16 0 0 0 1.649 0.456
17 0 0 0 1.627 0.448
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777180238376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Box-Benhken 响应面实验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
No. X1 X2 X3 Particle size/μm PDI
1 -1 -1 0 1.653 0.569
2 1 -1 0 2.269 0.595
3 -1 1 0 2.054 0.581
4 1 1 0 1.955 0.528
5 -1 0 -1 1.791 0.501
6 1 0 -1 2.089 0.503
7 -1 0 1 1.706 0.552
8 1 0 1 1.987 0.536
9 0 -1 -1 2.385 0.503
10 0 1 -1 2.145 0.52
11 0 -1 1 1.879 0.623
12 0 1 1 2.305 0.517
13 0 0 0 1.563 0.445
14 0 0 0 1.56 0.434
15 0 0 0 1.606 0.461
16 0 0 0 1.649 0.456
17 0 0 0 1.627 0.448
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777306067501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Box-Behnken response surface optimization of the effect of preparation process of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion on particle size of experimental regression analysis of variance results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sources of variance Sum of squares Degrees of freedom Mean square F value Significant level P
Model 1.22 9 0.135 4 86.17 <0.000 1
X1 0.150 2 1 0.150 2 95.59 <0.000 1
X2 0.009 3 1 0.009 3 5.93 0.045 1
X3 0.035 5 1 0.035 5 22.61 0.002 1
X1X2 0.127 8 1 0.127 8 81.36 <0.000 1
X1X3 0.000 1 1 0.000 1 0.046 0.836 3
X2X3 0.110 9 1 0.110 9 70.59 <0.000 1
X 1 2 0.009 8 1 0.009 8 6.24 0.041 1
X 2 2 0.468 3 1 0.468 3 298.13 <0.000 1
X 3 2 0.250 7 1 0.250 7 159.58 <0.000 1
Residual 0.011 7 0.001 6
Miss error 0.004 9 3 0.001 6 1.06 0.459 5
Pure error 0.006 1 4 0.001 5
Total regression 1.23 16
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777423508015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Box-Behnken响应面优化延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂制备工艺对粒径影响的试验回归方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sources of variance Sum of squares Degrees of freedom Mean square F value Significant level P
Model 1.22 9 0.135 4 86.17 <0.000 1
X1 0.150 2 1 0.150 2 95.59 <0.000 1
X2 0.009 3 1 0.009 3 5.93 0.045 1
X3 0.035 5 1 0.035 5 22.61 0.002 1
X1X2 0.127 8 1 0.127 8 81.36 <0.000 1
X1X3 0.000 1 1 0.000 1 0.046 0.836 3
X2X3 0.110 9 1 0.110 9 70.59 <0.000 1
X 1 2 0.009 8 1 0.009 8 6.24 0.041 1
X 2 2 0.468 3 1 0.468 3 298.13 <0.000 1
X 3 2 0.250 7 1 0.250 7 159.58 <0.000 1
Residual 0.011 7 0.001 6
Miss error 0.004 9 3 0.001 6 1.06 0.459 5
Pure error 0.006 1 4 0.001 5
Total regression 1.23 16
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777524171314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Box-Behnken response surface optimization of the effect of preparation process of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion on PDI value of experimental regression analysis of variance results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sources of variance Sum of squares Degrees of freedom Mean square F value Significant level P
Model 0.049 4 9 0.005 5 52.19 <0.000 1
X1 0.000 2 1 0.000 2 2.00 0.200 5
X2 0.002 6 1 0.002 6 24.63 0.001 6
X3 0.005 1 1 0.005 1 48.00 0.000 2
X1X2 0.001 6 1 0.001 6 14.83 0.006 3
X1X3 0.000 1 1 0.000 1 0.7698 0.409 4
X2X3 0.003 8 1 0.003 8 35.95 0.000 5
X 1 2 0.010 9 1 0.010 9 103.47 <0.000 1
X 2 2 0.019 8 1 0.019 8 188.31 <0.000 1
X 3 2 0.002 3 1 0.002 3 21.82 0.002 3
Residual 0.000 7 7 0.000 1
Miss error 0.000 3 3 0.000 1 0.925 3 0.505 6
Pure error 0.000 4 4 0.000 1
Total regression 0.050 2 16
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777620640309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Box-Behnken响应面优化延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂制备工艺对PDI值试验回归方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Sources of variance Sum of squares Degrees of freedom Mean square F value Significant level P
Model 0.049 4 9 0.005 5 52.19 <0.000 1
X1 0.000 2 1 0.000 2 2.00 0.200 5
X2 0.002 6 1 0.002 6 24.63 0.001 6
X3 0.005 1 1 0.005 1 48.00 0.000 2
X1X2 0.001 6 1 0.001 6 14.83 0.006 3
X1X3 0.000 1 1 0.000 1 0.7698 0.409 4
X2X3 0.003 8 1 0.003 8 35.95 0.000 5
X 1 2 0.010 9 1 0.010 9 103.47 <0.000 1
X 2 2 0.019 8 1 0.019 8 188.31 <0.000 1
X 3 2 0.002 3 1 0.002 3 21.82 0.002 3
Residual 0.000 7 7 0.000 1
Miss error 0.000 3 3 0.000 1 0.925 3 0.505 6
Pure error 0.000 4 4 0.000 1
Total regression 0.050 2 16
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777712915001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Cumulative transdermal absorption kinetic equations of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion within 24 h

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ingredients Mode of fit Equation fitting r
Zero level model Qn=31.634t+176.83 0.995 6
Tetrahydropalmatine One level model lnQn=0.070 7t+5.333 5 0.936 3
Higuchi model Qn=178.02t1/2-14.943 0.984 9
), ArticleFig(id=1200147777780023867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1200147768930042033, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂24 h体外透皮吸收动力学方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ingredients Mode of fit Equation fitting r
Zero level model Qn=31.634t+176.83 0.995 6
Tetrahydropalmatine One level model lnQn=0.070 7t+5.333 5 0.936 3
Higuchi model Qn=178.02t1/2-14.943 0.984 9
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延胡索乙素凝胶乳的制备工艺及性质研究
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刘思美 , 张丽华 , 张婷婷 , 郭可 , 叶世莉 , 薛淑月 , 赵鹏 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(9): 809-817
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(9): 809-817
延胡索乙素凝胶乳的制备工艺及性质研究
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刘思美, 张丽华, 张婷婷, 郭可, 叶世莉, 薛淑月, 赵鹏*
作者信息
  • 陕西中医药大学药学院,陕西中药基础与新药研究重点实验室, 西安 712046
  • 刘思美,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:天然产物分离纯化、修饰活性研究

通讯作者:

*赵鹏,男,博士,教授 研究方向:天然产物分离纯化、修饰活性研究 Tel:(029)38185171
Preparation and Properties of Tetrahydropalmatine Gel Emulsion
Simei LIU, Lihua ZHANG, Tingting ZHANG, Ke GUO, Shili YE, Shuyue XUE, Peng ZHAO*
Affiliations
  • Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy Foundation and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China
出版时间: 2024-05-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.006
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目的 制备延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂,并对制剂稳定性和体外溶出特性进行考察。方法 采用新生皂法与高压均质乳化法结合制备延胡索乙素凝胶乳,以粒径和多分散系数(polydispersity index,PDI)为评价指标,单因素结合响应面法筛选最优的延胡索乙素凝胶乳处方,考察最优处方制凝胶乳剂生物学性质。结果 最佳处方为m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)=50∶1,三乙醇胺的质量分数为0.8%,硬脂酸的质量分数为2%,以最优处方制得延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂为乳白色,膏体细腻、均匀、有光泽,具有良好的保湿性,涂布性与稳定性;平均粒径约(1.56±0.04) μm,PDI值(0.434±0.03),24 h累计透过量(915.23±85.55) μg·cm-2结论 本研究所制备的延胡索乙素凝胶乳具有良好的物理性质和较好的透皮吸收率,研究成果可为进一步开发利用延胡索乙素提供参考。

延胡索乙素  /  白及多糖  /  凝胶乳  /  响应面法  /  透皮吸收

OBJECTIVE To prepare tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion with Bletilla striata polysaccharide, and investigate its stability and dissolution characteristics in vitro. METHODS The nascent soap method combined with high pressure homogenization method were used to prepare tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion. Using the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) as evaluation indexes, the single factor response surface method was used to screen the optimal prescription, and the biological properties of tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion were investigated. RESULTS The optimum formula was m(Bletilla striata polysaccharide)-m(konjac gum)=50∶1, triethanolamine mass fraction of 0.8%, stearic acid mass fraction of 2.0%. The gel emulsion of tetrahydropalmatine was milky white, fine, uniform and glossy, and had good moisturizing, coating and stability properties. The average particle size and PDI value were about (1.56±0.04) μm, (0.434±0.03), and the cumulative transmittance of the gel emulsion for 24 h was (915.23±85.55) μg·cm-2. CONCLUSION The tetrahydropalmatine gel emulsion prepared in this experiment has good appearance, moisture retention, coating and stability, and good transdermal absorption rate. The research results can provide reference for the further development and utilization of tetrahydropalmatine.

tetrahydropalmatine  /  Bletilla striata polysaccharide  /  gel emulsion  /  response surface method  /  transdermal absorption
刘思美, 张丽华, 张婷婷, 郭可, 叶世莉, 薛淑月, 赵鹏. 延胡索乙素凝胶乳的制备工艺及性质研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (9) : 809 -817 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.006
Simei LIU, Lihua ZHANG, Tingting ZHANG, Ke GUO, Shili YE, Shuyue XUE, Peng ZHAO. Preparation and Properties of Tetrahydropalmatine Gel Emulsion[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (9) : 809 -817 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.006
延胡索,别名玄胡索、元胡,为罂粟科植物延胡索(Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang)的干燥块茎[1],属于“浙八味”之一[2],具有活血、行气、止痛等功效[3-4],可用于血瘀气滞诸痛证[5]。现代药理研究表明延胡索中主要含有生物碱类、甾体类、有机酸类等多种化学成分[6-8],涉及镇痛、抗心肌缺血、抗脑缺血、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病等药理作用[9-13]。且已证实,延胡索的临床止痛效果显著,其中以延胡索的有效成分之一延胡索乙素的镇痛作用最强[14]。目前延胡索乙素给药方式主要有口服和肌注2种,其口服给药对胃肠道有一定刺激作用并存在肝脏首过效应,肌注给药也曾有过敏情况发生,严重限制了其临床应用[15]。而经皮给药是药物成分经皮肤屏障到达体内组织的方式[16],相较于传统的口服给药和皮下注射,可以最大限度地维持机体内恒定的药物浓度,用药安全简单,可避免肌肉注射所带来的疼痛感和不良反应等[17]
白及多糖又称为白及胶,白及甘露聚糖,是从中药白及[Bletilla striata(Thunb.) Reichb. f.]中提取的一种水溶性高分子黏性多糖,溶于水可形成黏稠的凝胶[18-19],具有良好的生物黏附性[20],安全无毒。此外,其还具有抗溃疡、抗炎、促凝血、抗氧化等药理活性[21-24],可作为多种剂型的载体材料[25],具备较高的商业利用价值和研究价值,广泛应用于医药原料、药用辅料、生物医学材料等领域,具有良好的应用前景[26-27]
本实验以延胡索乙素为原料,白及多糖为辅料制备水包油(O/W)型凝胶乳剂,延胡索乙素最终以微粒形式分散于白及多糖凝胶液中,制备一款延胡索乙素供外用凝胶乳剂,并对制剂稳定性和体外溶出特性等进行考察,为延胡索乙素后续开发应用提供一定参考。
延胡索乙素(上海吉至生化科技有限公司,纯度98%);白及多糖(自制,纯度98.22%);魔芋胶(上海源叶生物科技有限公司);三乙醇胺(石家庄海森化工有限公司);甘油(浙江遂昌惠康药业有限公司);硬脂酸(天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司);生理盐水、乙醇均为分析纯,纯化水。
清洁级SD大鼠,体重(190±20) g,雄性,由陕西中医药大学实验动物中心提供,实验动物许可证号为SCXK(陕)2021-001。
高效液相色谱仪(Waters-2695),配置蒸发光检测器(Waters-2996)(美国Waters公司);Malvern激光粒度仪(ZEN-3600 Malvern Zeta-master,英国Malvern有限公司);低速台式离心机(TDZ5-WS,湖南湘仪实验仪器开发有限公司);DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(河南予华仪器有限公司);乳化均质机(T18DS25,德国IKA公司);高压均质机[ATS,安拓思纳米技术(苏州)有限公司];透射电镜(H-7650,日本Hitachi公司);电子精密天平(FA2004,上海民桥天平厂);智能透皮试验仪(TP-6,天津市精拓仪器科技有限公司)。
取白及多糖与魔芋胶共研,搅拌混合均匀,加入适量热纯化水使充分溶解,3 000 r·min-1离心5 min,取上清液备用;另取干燥洁净的烧杯,加入适量甘油、三乙醇胺搅拌,与白及多糖凝胶液混合,70 ℃水浴保温,得水相;硬脂酸在70 ℃水浴中加热至完全熔化,加入延胡索乙素、薰衣草精油,混合均匀,得油相;将油相缓缓加入水相,边加边搅拌,至形成均匀的乳剂,乳化均质机9 000 r·min-1均质3次,每次1 min,转移至高压均质机中, 1×105 kPa均质循环15次,即得O/W型延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂。
Hypersil GOLD C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(使用三乙胺对pH进行调制,直至6.0)(55∶45);流速1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长280 nm;柱温为室温25 ℃。进样量10 μl,理论板数按延胡索乙素峰计算不低于3 000。
精密称定延胡索乙素标准品4 mg,置于100 mL量瓶中,加甲醇溶解稀释至刻度,摇匀,即得0.04 mg·mL-1的对照品溶液.
精密吸取凝胶乳剂0.5 mL,用水溶解并定容至25 mL量瓶中,摇匀,过0.45 μm微孔滤膜,弃去初滤液,取续滤液,作为供试品溶液。
精密吸取延胡索乙素对照品溶液0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0 mL,分别置于10 mL量瓶中,甲醇稀释至刻度,得系列对照品溶液,质量浓度分别为2、4、8、12、16、20、24、40 μg·mL-1。分别精密吸取上述对照品溶液各10 μL,注入液相色谱仪,测定峰面积。
精密吸取供试品溶液10 μL,按“2.2.1”项下色谱条件测定峰面积,计算延胡索乙素的含量,测3份取平均值。
固定三乙醇胺的质量分数为0.8%,硬脂酸的质量分数为2%,按照“2.1”项中所述的方法制备凝胶乳剂,分别测定凝胶乳剂在m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)=40∶1、45∶1、50∶1、55∶1、60∶1条件下的粒径和多分散系数(PDI)值,考察m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)对凝胶乳剂粒径和多分散系数(PDI)的影响。
固定m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)=50∶1,硬脂酸的质量分数为2%,按照“2.1”项中所述的方法制备凝胶乳剂,分别测定凝胶乳剂在三乙醇胺质量分数为0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%条件下的粒径和PDI值,考察三乙醇胺质量分数对凝胶乳剂粒径和PDI值的影响。
固定m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)=50∶1,三乙醇胺的质量分数为0.8%,按照“2.1”项中所述的方法制备凝胶乳剂,分别测定凝胶乳剂在硬脂酸的质量分数为1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%条件下的粒径和PDI值,考察硬脂酸质量分数对凝胶乳剂粒径和PDI值的影响。
以平均粒径和PDI为考察标准,结合各单因素实验的结果,利用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计的基本原理,采用响应面软件优化处方条件,实验的因素水平表见表1
采用肉眼观察法、透射电镜法观察延胡索乙素凝胶乳的外观形态,Malvern激光粒度仪测定粒径及PDI值,高速离心法与不同温度贮存法考察其物理稳定性,失水率试验考察其保湿性能,涂布实验考察其皮肤涂展性。
取SD大鼠,脱颈处死后,用剃毛器剔除胸骨及腹部范围毛发,剪下适当大小的腹部皮肤,小心剔除皮下组织及脂肪,确保剔除过程中皮肤角质层不受损伤,用生理盐水冲洗干净,将干净完整的皮肤用铝箔纸进行包裹,-20 ℃冷冻保存,1周内用完。
0.9%生理盐水与乙醇按照80∶20比例进行充分混匀,即得体外透皮吸收实验用接收液(符合漏槽条件)。
采用Franz扩散池法[29]考察延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂的离体皮肤渗透性(有效渗透面积为0.785 cm2,接收室容积为15 mL)。将大鼠离体皮肤室温解冻,用生理盐水冲洗,剪取适当大小在透皮吸收装置的供给室与接收室之间进行固定,保持皮肤平整,角质层朝向供给室,加入接收液,排尽气泡使皮肤与接收液紧密接触。水浴温度(37±0.5)℃,磁力搅拌转速350 r·min-1,平衡20 min。精密量取延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂0.5 mL,配制相同浓度延胡索乙素溶液同上作空白对照,相同条件下上样,于0.5、1、2、4、6、8、10、12、24 h取样0.5 mL,并补加等体积新鲜接收液,排除气泡。将相应时间取出的接收液经0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过,即得供试品溶液。按“2.2.1”项下色谱方法进行HPLC分析,计算相应时间药物质量浓度,按公式1计算相应时间延胡索乙素的累计透过量。
Qn= V ρ n + i = 1 n - 1 ρ i × 0.5/S
其中,Qn为第n个时间点的单位面积累计透过量(μg·cm-2),V为接收液的体积(mL),0.5为取样体积(mL),S为有效渗透皮肤面积(cm2),ρn为第n个时间点接收池中药物质量浓度(μg·mL-1),ρi为第n个时间点之前的某个时间点的药物质量浓度(μg·mL-1)。
以凝胶乳剂中延胡索乙素不同时间点的累计透过量Qn为纵坐标,取样时间t为横坐标,绘制累计透过量-时间曲线[30]。分别采用零级模型、一级模型、Higuchi模型对延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂体外透皮吸收曲线进行回归分析。
以色谱峰面积A对对照品质量浓度ρ进行线性回归,得线性方程A=11 994ρ+12 404,相关系数r=0.999 9。说明延胡索乙素在2~100 μg·mL-1范围内线性良好。由图1可知,其出峰时间在3.19 min,将色谱峰面积A代入标准线性回归方程,得凝胶乳剂中延胡索乙素含量为0.079%。
各单因素对延胡索乙素凝胶乳粒径、PDI的影响见图2
在其他条件固定不变的情况下,m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)对凝胶乳剂的粒径和PDI影响结果见图2A。随白及多糖和魔芋胶添加量比例的增加,延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂的粒径和PDI值均表现出了先减弱后增大的趋势。这可能是因为当魔芋胶含量较高时,溶液黏度增大,影响乳化效果,使粒径和PDI值均较高,白及多糖添加量增大,魔芋胶添加量相应缩小,油水界面张力减小,凝胶乳剂粒径和PDI值随之降低,而两者比例进一步增加,黏度随之增大,粒径也有所增大,PDI值有增大的趋势。综上,选择m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)=50∶1为较优条件进行后续优化。
在其他条件固定不变的情况下,三乙醇胺不同用量对凝胶乳剂的粒径和PDI影响结果见图2B。随着三乙醇胺质量分数的增加,延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂的粒径和PDI值均表现出了先减弱后增大的趋势,三乙醇胺的质量分数为0.4%时,乳化效果较差,影响凝胶乳剂稳定性,使粒径和PDI值均较高,而用量持续增大至1.2%时,溶液黏稠度增大,对粒径和PDI值造成影响。综上,选择三乙醇胺质量分数为0.8%为较优条件进行后续优化。
在其他条件固定不变的情况下,硬脂酸不同用量对凝胶乳剂的粒径和PDI影响结果见图2C。随着硬脂酸质量分数的增加,延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂的粒径和PDI值均表现出了先减弱后增大的趋势。硬脂酸质量分数较小时,水相占比大,则乳化效果差,粒径和PDI值增大,而质量分数过大使凝胶乳剂均匀度降低,有油水分层的趋势,影响凝胶乳剂粒径和PDI值。综上,选择硬脂酸质量分数为2.0%为较优条件进行后续优化。
根据单因素实验结果,以延胡索乙素凝胶乳粒径、PDI为评价指标,选择m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)、三乙醇胺质量分数、硬脂酸质量分数为主要因素,结合Box-Behnken Design原理设计了17个实验,对延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂的处方进行响应面优化。结果见表2
采用Design-Expert 12软件分析,m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)(X1)、三乙醇胺质量分数(X2)和硬脂酸质量分数(X3)是响应变量,粒径(Y1)为响应值,根据设计的响应面方案进行实验,对所得到的实验结果通过回归拟合分析后得到方程:
Y1=1.60+0.137X1+0.034 1X2-0.066 6X3-0.178 8X1X2-0.004 3X1X3+0.166 5X2X3+0.048 2 X 1 2+0.333 5 X 2 2+0.244 X 3 2
通过表3的分析结果可看到,模型显著水平远远小于0.05(P<0.000 1),得到的响应面模型高度显著,失拟误差的值为0.459 5是不显著因素,方程中的X1X1X2X2X3 X 2 2 X 3 2的影响结果为高度显著,X2X3 X 1 2的影响结果显著。模型r2=0.991 1,校正系数 r a d j 2=0.979 6,均接近于1.0,变异系数(CV)=2.09%<5.0%,说明该回归模型线性关系良好,与真实得到的实验数据吻合,可将该模型用于对实际实验结果的预测。表3中,FX1=95.59,FX2=5.93,FX3=22.61,由此可知,各因素对延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂的粒径影响大小顺序是:m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)>硬脂酸质量分数>三乙醇胺质量分数。
采用Design-Expert 12软件分析,m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)(X1)、三乙醇胺用量(X2)和硬脂酸用量(X3)是响应变量,PDI(Y2)为响应值,根据设计的响应面方案进行实验,对所得到的实验结果通过回归拟合分析后得到方程:
Y2=0.448 8-0.005 1X1-0.018X2+0.025 1X3-0.019 8X1X2-0.004 5X1X3-0.030 8X2X3+0.050 8 X 1 2+0.068 6 X 2 2+0.023 4 X 3 2
通过表4的分析结果可知,回归模型极显著(P<0.000 1),失拟误差的值为0.505 6是不显著因素,方程中 X 1 2 X 2 2的影响结果为高度显著,X2X3X1X2X2X3 X 3 2的影响结果为显著。模型r2=0.985 3, r a d j 2=0.966 4,均接近于1.0,这说明该回归模型线性关系良好,与真实得到的实验数据吻合,可信度较好;变异系数(CV)=1.99%<5.0%,由此可知,模型外因素对响应值的影响不大,可将该模型用于对实际实验结果的预测。表4中,FX1=2.00,FX2=24.63,FX3=48.00,由此可知,各因素对延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂的粒径影响大小顺序是:硬脂酸质量分数>三乙醇胺质量分数>m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)。
通过Box-Behnken实验得到的多元回归模型所做的粒径和PDI的响应曲面图分别见图3~4。从响应面图与其所对应的等高线图能观察出各单因素间交互影响的显著性差异,若两个单因素间的交互影响不显著时,得到的响应面图趋向于圆形;反之,如果两个因素影响显著,两者之间交互得到的响应面图则趋近于椭圆形[31]
图3分析得,m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)所对应的曲面最陡峭,曲线变化最大、最为密集陡峭,三乙醇胺质量分数影响所对应的曲面相对平滑,表明m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)对凝胶乳剂粒径的影响最显著,其次是硬脂酸质量分数,三乙醇胺质量分数的影响最小。
图4分析可知,硬脂酸质量分数影响所对应的曲面最陡峭,曲线变化最大、最为密集陡峭,m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)所对应的曲面相对平滑,表明硬脂酸质量分数对凝胶乳剂PDI的影响最显著,其次是三乙醇胺质量分数,m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)的影响最小。
根据回归模型预测的最优处方是:m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)=47.961∶1,三乙醇胺的质量分数为0.799%,硬脂酸的质量分数为1.961%,预测优化后的粒径为1.582 μm,PDI为0.450。在此工艺条件下重复操作3次,验证实验结果为平均粒径约(1.56±0.04) μm,PDI值(0.434±0.03),通过响应面法预测的值和实际实验所得的值基本吻合。
本实验所得延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂为乳白色,具有一定黏稠度和流动性,细腻均匀,具有晶莹光泽。进一步观测延胡索乙素微粒形态,取适量样品凝胶乳剂,滴加至碳膜的铜网上,静置5 min,吸走多余样品,纯化水清洗3次,随后滴加质量分数为2.0%磷钨酸溶液负染5 min,用滤纸吸去多余染液,自然晾干后置于透射电镜(TEM)下观察微乳凝胶的形态和粒度大小。大部分延胡索乙素微粒为大小均一的圆球形,且无聚集,粒径在2 μm左右,与粒度分析仪测量的结果接近,见图5
采用Malvern粒度检测仪测量延胡索乙素微乳凝胶剂的粒径和PDI,吸取样品凝胶乳剂1 mL,置于烧杯中,加入50 mL纯化水稀释样品并摇匀,以避免发生多重散射效应。取适量的稀释样品加入到激光粒度测定仪的样品池中,25 ℃下测定样品凝胶乳剂的粒径及PDI值,平行测量3次,取平均值。结果见图6。由图6可知,平均粒径约为1.56 μm,且分布均匀,PDI值为0.434。
取适量样品凝胶乳剂,5 000 r·min-1离心15 min,未见油水分层。分别取延胡索凝胶乳剂适量,置于4、25、40、60 ℃条件下贮存10 d,分别于3、5、10 d取样观察,4、25、40 ℃条件贮存期间延胡索乙素凝胶乳未见分层,且粒径分布无明显变化;60 ℃条件下,10 d可见油水分层趋势。由此可知,延胡索乙素凝胶乳具较好的物理稳定性。
在温度25 ℃、湿度40%条件下,取2张0.22 μm微孔滤膜,置于不透水的双硅纸上,记为1号、2号,分别在滤膜上滴加5滴纯化水并进行称重,取适量制备的延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂均匀涂抹在2号滤膜上,立即称重,之后在5、15、30、60、120 min分别测定两张滤膜的失水率。结果见图7。由图7可看出,2号滤膜失水率明显低于1号。表明本实验所制得的延胡索乙素凝胶乳具有较好的保湿效果,可提高皮肤弹性、促进皮肤的水合作用,从而增加活性成分的经皮渗透性,增强药理作用。
取适量制备的延胡索乙素凝胶乳,涂布于双硅纸(具有类似于皮肤的疏水性)上观察,发现延胡索乙素凝胶乳涂布后均匀,无聚集现象。表明延胡索乙素凝胶乳有利于涂抹于皮肤,且延胡索乙素以微粒的形式分散于水溶性高分子材料中,有利于与皮肤充分接触促进吸收。经志愿者试用较滋润,易于涂布,有清香气味,无油腻感。
以凝胶乳剂中延胡索乙素不同时间点的累计透过量Qn为纵坐标,取样时间t为横坐标,绘制累计透过量-时间曲线见图8。从图8可以看出,累计透过量均随时间延长而增加,而凝胶乳剂中延胡索乙素24 h累计透过量可达(915.23±85.55)μg·cm-2,可推测所制备的延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂较大程度地提高了延胡索乙素的体外透皮吸收作用。
方程拟合结果见表5,由拟合结果可知,接收液中延胡索乙素的浓度变化规律符合零级模型,说明凝胶乳剂中延胡索乙素的透皮过程与浓度无关,根据Higuchi模型拟合结果可推测延胡索乙素是从凝胶乳剂中扩散到达皮肤表面的,该过程为扩散过程。
本研究采用新生皂法与高压均质乳化法结合制备延胡索乙素凝胶乳,在单因素实验的基础之上,利用响应面分析法优化延胡索乙素凝胶乳剂的处方条件,最终确定的最优处方条件为: m(白及多糖)-m(魔芋胶)=50∶1,三乙醇胺的质量分数为0.8%,硬脂酸的质量分数为2.0%,所得延胡索乙素凝胶乳粒径约为1.56 μm,PDI 0.434,外观均匀细腻且具有晶莹的光泽,有较好的黏性和流动性,易于涂布,保湿性良好,且具有良好的物理稳定性。体外透皮吸收结果显示24 h累计透过量为(915.23±85.55)μg·cm-2。由模型拟合结果可知,凝胶乳剂中延胡索乙素的透皮过程与浓度无关,且延胡索乙素从凝胶乳剂中到达皮肤表面为扩散过程。本研究为延胡索乙素的应用提供了一种新的技术手段,具有广阔的应用前景。
  • 陕西省科技厅重点研发项目社会发展项目资助(2022SF-389)
  • 陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目资助(21JS008)
  • 陕西中医药大学校级基金资助(2023GP31)
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2024年第59卷第9期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.09.006
  • 接收时间:2022-11-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-05-08
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-29
基金
陕西省科技厅重点研发项目社会发展项目资助(2022SF-389)
陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目资助(21JS008)
陕西中医药大学校级基金资助(2023GP31)
作者信息
    陕西中医药大学药学院,陕西中药基础与新药研究重点实验室, 西安 712046

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*赵鹏,男,博士,教授 研究方向:天然产物分离纯化、修饰活性研究 Tel:(029)38185171
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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