中国药学杂志

No.	Collection time	Place of origin (in Chinese)
S1	2021-09-09	Huili Sichuan(四川会理)
S2	2021-09-13	Shimian Sichuan(四川石棉)
S3	2021-09-22	Kangding Sichuan(四川康定)
S4	2021-09-30	Muli Sichuan(四川木里)
S5	2021-10-02	Luding Sichuan(四川泸定)
S6	2021-10-02	Pingwu Sichuan(四川平武)
S7	2021-11-27	Wenchuan Sichuan(四川汶川)
S8	2021-11-29	Baoxing Sichuan(四川宝兴)
S9	2021-07-24	Malipo Yunnan(云南麻栗坡)
S10	2021-09-25	Anshun Guizhou(贵州安顺)

No.	Collection time	Place of origin (in Chinese)
S1	2021-09-09	Huili Sichuan(四川会理)
S2	2021-09-13	Shimian Sichuan(四川石棉)
S3	2021-09-22	Kangding Sichuan(四川康定)
S4	2021-09-30	Muli Sichuan(四川木里)
S5	2021-10-02	Luding Sichuan(四川泸定)
S6	2021-10-02	Pingwu Sichuan(四川平武)
S7	2021-11-27	Wenchuan Sichuan(四川汶川)
S8	2021-11-29	Baoxing Sichuan(四川宝兴)
S9	2021-07-24	Malipo Yunnan(云南麻栗坡)
S10	2021-09-25	Anshun Guizhou(贵州安顺)

Year	Monograph	Formal name	Alternative name
1848	Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]	Doubanlü	Doubanluxiancao
1965	Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]	Guaziluxian	Guazixixin
1970	Wen Shan Zhong Cao Yao^[12]	Yizhuxiang	Sanniancao
1970	Kun Ming Min Jian Chang Yong Cao Yao^[13]	Doubanruyi	Doubanlü;
1971	Yun Nan Zhong Cao Yao^[14]		Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang
1971	Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan^[15]	Yandouban	Doubanruyicao, Yizhuxiang
1982	Flora of China^[2]	Doubanlü	Doubancai, Doubanruyi, Xiaojiaocao, Biyu, Doubanlüjiaocao, Biyujiaocao, Biyuhua, Zibiandoubanlü, Maoyedoubanlü
1986	Zhong Yao Da Ci Dian^[16]	Doubanlü	Doubanlüxiancao, Yanjincao, Dubanruyicao, Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang, Yizhuxiang, Sanniancao
1996	Quan Guo Zhong Cao Yao Ming Jian^[17]	Doubanlü	Doubanlüxiancao, Sibanjinchai, Yandouban, Xiaosikuaiwa, Yizhuxiang, Yanhua, Guangxi:Sanhuacao, Sansiye, Daganyao, Hujiaocao, Guazicao, Shixiancai, Gouliesan, Doubancai, Shaibusi, Yuanyeguazicai; Sichuan:Yanjincao, Shihuanhun, Foyancao, Jiaocao; Guizhou:Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Yanshilian; Yunnan:Doubanruyicao, Doubanruyi, Doubandabusi, Doubancao, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Zhijiacao, Shishangkaihua, Shishangwajiang, Caojiao, Sanniancao
1999	Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]	Doubanlü	Doubanlüxiancao, Doubanruyicao, Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Yanjincao, Yizhuxiang, Sanniancao, Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang, Yandouban, Doubancao, Yuanyeguazicai, Shihuanhun
2014	Quan Guo Zhong Cao Yao Hui Bian^[19]	Doubanlü	Yizhuxiang, Yandouban, Doubancao, Zhijiacao, Doubandabusi
2020	Si Chuan Sheng Zhong Yao Zi Yuan Zhi Yao^[20]	Doubanlü	Yizhuxiang, Doubanhuanhuncao.Shihuanhun, Xiaohaoziwei

Year	Monograph	Formal name	Alternative name
1848	Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]	Doubanlü	Doubanluxiancao
1965	Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]	Guaziluxian	Guazixixin
1970	Wen Shan Zhong Cao Yao^[12]	Yizhuxiang	Sanniancao
1970	Kun Ming Min Jian Chang Yong Cao Yao^[13]	Doubanruyi	Doubanlü;
1971	Yun Nan Zhong Cao Yao^[14]		Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang
1971	Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan^[15]	Yandouban	Doubanruyicao, Yizhuxiang
1982	Flora of China^[2]	Doubanlü	Doubancai, Doubanruyi, Xiaojiaocao, Biyu, Doubanlüjiaocao, Biyujiaocao, Biyuhua, Zibiandoubanlü, Maoyedoubanlü
1986	Zhong Yao Da Ci Dian^[16]	Doubanlü	Doubanlüxiancao, Yanjincao, Dubanruyicao, Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang, Yizhuxiang, Sanniancao
1996	Quan Guo Zhong Cao Yao Ming Jian^[17]	Doubanlü	Doubanlüxiancao, Sibanjinchai, Yandouban, Xiaosikuaiwa, Yizhuxiang, Yanhua, Guangxi:Sanhuacao, Sansiye, Daganyao, Hujiaocao, Guazicao, Shixiancai, Gouliesan, Doubancai, Shaibusi, Yuanyeguazicai; Sichuan:Yanjincao, Shihuanhun, Foyancao, Jiaocao; Guizhou:Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Yanshilian; Yunnan:Doubanruyicao, Doubanruyi, Doubandabusi, Doubancao, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Zhijiacao, Shishangkaihua, Shishangwajiang, Caojiao, Sanniancao
1999	Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]	Doubanlü	Doubanlüxiancao, Doubanruyicao, Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Yanjincao, Yizhuxiang, Sanniancao, Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang, Yandouban, Doubancao, Yuanyeguazicai, Shihuanhun
2014	Quan Guo Zhong Cao Yao Hui Bian^[19]	Doubanlü	Yizhuxiang, Yandouban, Doubancao, Zhijiacao, Doubandabusi
2020	Si Chuan Sheng Zhong Yao Zi Yuan Zhi Yao^[20]	Doubanlü	Yizhuxiang, Doubanhuanhuncao.Shihuanhun, Xiaohaoziwei

Name	Original plant	Monograph
Yizhuxiang	Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn	Wen Shan Zhong Cao Yao^[12]、Si Chuan Hong Ya Zhong Cao Yao Ming Lu^[21]
	Oldeniandia capituligera(Hce)O. Ktze.	Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]
Luxian(cao)	Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn	Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]、Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]
	Pyrola calliantha H. Andres or Pyrola decorata H. Andres	Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]
Doubanlü	Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn	Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]
	Peperomia dindygulensis Miq.	Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan^[15]、Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]、Yun Nan Sheng Zhi^[22]
	Peperomia duclouxli C. DC.	Yun Nan Sheng Zhi^[22]

Name	Original plant	Monograph
Yizhuxiang	Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn	Wen Shan Zhong Cao Yao^[12]、Si Chuan Hong Ya Zhong Cao Yao Ming Lu^[21]
	Oldeniandia capituligera(Hce)O. Ktze.	Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]
Luxian(cao)	Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn	Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]、Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]
	Pyrola calliantha H. Andres or Pyrola decorata H. Andres	Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]
Doubanlü	Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn	Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]
	Peperomia dindygulensis Miq.	Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan^[15]、Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]、Yun Nan Sheng Zhi^[22]
	Peperomia duclouxli C. DC.	Yun Nan Sheng Zhi^[22]

Prescription composition	Efficacy	Monograph
①The whole herb of Guaziluxian 60 g, soaked in wine. Or use Guaziluxian, Shierhuaihua 9 g each, decoction water to take; ②The whole herb of Guaziluxian 9 g, steamed and eaten with lean meat.	①Cure consumption and cough; ②Treat children's rickets.	Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu(1965)^[11]
Yandouban, Dixuexiang, Jinsimutong.	Take them in alcohol, used in 90 cases of rheumatism and bone pain, the effect is obvious.	Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan(1971)^[15]
①Doubanruyiycao 9 g(pound fine), Hujiao 0.9 g,Brown sugar 3 g; ②Guaziluxian, Shierhuaihua 9 g each.	①Take with simmered water for watery diarrhea; ②Decoction of water for curing cough due to labor pains.	Zhong Yao Da Ci Dian(1986)^[16]
①Doubanlü 12 g, Dayesuan 9 g; ②Doubanruyi 9 g(pound fine), Hujiao 0.9 g, Brown sugar 5 g; ③Doubanlü 12 g, Huangcao 12 g, Bailüye 15 g, Suanjiangcao 9 g, Longdancao 9 g.	①Use raw, pound together and wrap the affected area for yellow water sores; ②Take with simmered water for watery diarrhea; ③Decoction with water for acute and chronic hepatitis.	Zhong Hua Ben Cao(1999)^[18]
Doubanruyicao 15 g, Ganjiang 12 g, Mianbixie 30 g.	Decoction with water for cough and phlegm.	Yun Nan Yao Yong Zhi Wu^[24]

Prescription composition	Efficacy	Monograph
①The whole herb of Guaziluxian 60 g, soaked in wine. Or use Guaziluxian, Shierhuaihua 9 g each, decoction water to take; ②The whole herb of Guaziluxian 9 g, steamed and eaten with lean meat.	①Cure consumption and cough; ②Treat children's rickets.	Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu(1965)^[11]
Yandouban, Dixuexiang, Jinsimutong.	Take them in alcohol, used in 90 cases of rheumatism and bone pain, the effect is obvious.	Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan(1971)^[15]
①Doubanruyiycao 9 g(pound fine), Hujiao 0.9 g,Brown sugar 3 g; ②Guaziluxian, Shierhuaihua 9 g each.	①Take with simmered water for watery diarrhea; ②Decoction of water for curing cough due to labor pains.	Zhong Yao Da Ci Dian(1986)^[16]
①Doubanlü 12 g, Dayesuan 9 g; ②Doubanruyi 9 g(pound fine), Hujiao 0.9 g, Brown sugar 5 g; ③Doubanlü 12 g, Huangcao 12 g, Bailüye 15 g, Suanjiangcao 9 g, Longdancao 9 g.	①Use raw, pound together and wrap the affected area for yellow water sores; ②Take with simmered water for watery diarrhea; ③Decoction with water for acute and chronic hepatitis.	Zhong Hua Ben Cao(1999)^[18]
Doubanruyicao 15 g, Ganjiang 12 g, Mianbixie 30 g.	Decoction with water for cough and phlegm.	Yun Nan Yao Yong Zhi Wu^[24]

No.	Content of α-asarone/%
S1	-
S2	0.064 8
S3	0.591 6
S4	0.078 2
S5	0.109 6
S6	0.591 9
S7	0.427 2
S8	0.443 5
S9	-
S10	0.342 4

No.	Content of α-asarone/%
S1	-
S2	0.064 8
S3	0.591 6
S4	0.078 2
S5	0.109 6
S6	0.591 9
S7	0.427 2
S8	0.443 5
S9	-
S10	0.342 4

No.	Category	Compounds	CAS code	Molecular formula	Relative content/%
1	Alkene	(-)-α-copaene	003856-25-5	C₁₅H₂₄	1.14	1.32	0.33	-	-
2		4-acetyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene	006090-09-1	C₉H₁₄O	-	0.17	-	-	-
3		(-)-α-cedrene	000469-61-4	C₁₅H₂₄	0.61	0.48	0.18	1.42	-
4		β-caryophyllene	000087-44-5	C₁₅H₂₄	17.91	5.59	4.42	4.28	3.86
5		aromandendrene	000489-39-4	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.23	-	-	-
6		(-)-thujopsen	000470-40-6	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.22	0.42	-	-
7		α-caryophyllene	006753-98-6	C₁₅H₂₄	21.09	6	6.16	7.92	8.03
8		(E)-β-farnesene	018794-84-8	C₁₅H₂₄	0.48	1.12	0.21	-	-
9		β-selinene	017066-67-0	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.12	-	-	-
10		β-bisabolene	000495-61-4	C₁₅H₂₄	1.52	0.03	1.64	1.99	1.69
11		(+)-δ-cadinene	000483-76-1	C₁₅H₂₄	0.37	0.31	0.46	-	-
12		β-sesquiphellandrene	020307-83-9	C₁₅H₂₄	0.23	0.46	0.17	-	-
13		α-bisabolene	025532-79-0	C₁₅H₂₄	3.75	5.23	2.41	2.21	2.25
14		3,4-dimethoxystyrene	006380-23-0	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	0.61	0.95	1.05	-	-
15	Alcohol	linalool	000078-70-6	C₁₀H₁₈O	-	0.04	-	-
16		spathulenol	006750-60-3	C₁₅H₂₄O	1.62	2.3	5.91	-	9.38
17		phytol	000150-86-7	C₂₀H₄₀O	-	0.23	0.49	1.03	1.13
18	Ethers	1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzen	000093-16-3	C₁₁H₁₄O₂	0.92	1.08	1.34	-	-
19		1,2,3-Trimethoxy-5-[(1E)-1-propenyl] benzene	005273-85-8	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	0.17	2.05	0.34	-	-
20		α-asarone	002883-98-9	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	22.2	15.51	31.62	5.18	18.66
21	Acids	lauric acid	000143-07-7	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	0.27	0.12	0.83	-	0.65
22		tetradecanoic acid	000544-63-8	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	0.18	0.14	0.5	-	-
23		n-hexadecanoic acid	000057-10-3	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	2.76	2.31	6.07	4.63	7.08
24	Esters	benzyl salicylate	000118-58-1	C₁₄H₁₂O₃	0.1	0.1	0.43	0.6	1.35

No.	Category	Compounds	CAS code	Molecular formula	Relative content/%
1	Alkene	(-)-α-copaene	003856-25-5	C₁₅H₂₄	1.14	1.32	0.33	-	-
2		4-acetyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene	006090-09-1	C₉H₁₄O	-	0.17	-	-	-
3		(-)-α-cedrene	000469-61-4	C₁₅H₂₄	0.61	0.48	0.18	1.42	-
4		β-caryophyllene	000087-44-5	C₁₅H₂₄	17.91	5.59	4.42	4.28	3.86
5		aromandendrene	000489-39-4	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.23	-	-	-
6		(-)-thujopsen	000470-40-6	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.22	0.42	-	-
7		α-caryophyllene	006753-98-6	C₁₅H₂₄	21.09	6	6.16	7.92	8.03
8		(E)-β-farnesene	018794-84-8	C₁₅H₂₄	0.48	1.12	0.21	-	-
9		β-selinene	017066-67-0	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.12	-	-	-
10		β-bisabolene	000495-61-4	C₁₅H₂₄	1.52	0.03	1.64	1.99	1.69
11		(+)-δ-cadinene	000483-76-1	C₁₅H₂₄	0.37	0.31	0.46	-	-
12		β-sesquiphellandrene	020307-83-9	C₁₅H₂₄	0.23	0.46	0.17	-	-
13		α-bisabolene	025532-79-0	C₁₅H₂₄	3.75	5.23	2.41	2.21	2.25
14		3,4-dimethoxystyrene	006380-23-0	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	0.61	0.95	1.05	-	-
15	Alcohol	linalool	000078-70-6	C₁₀H₁₈O	-	0.04	-	-
16		spathulenol	006750-60-3	C₁₅H₂₄O	1.62	2.3	5.91	-	9.38
17		phytol	000150-86-7	C₂₀H₄₀O	-	0.23	0.49	1.03	1.13
18	Ethers	1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzen	000093-16-3	C₁₁H₁₄O₂	0.92	1.08	1.34	-	-
19		1,2,3-Trimethoxy-5-[(1E)-1-propenyl] benzene	005273-85-8	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	0.17	2.05	0.34	-	-
20		α-asarone	002883-98-9	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	22.2	15.51	31.62	5.18	18.66
21	Acids	lauric acid	000143-07-7	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	0.27	0.12	0.83	-	0.65
22		tetradecanoic acid	000544-63-8	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	0.18	0.14	0.5	-	-
23		n-hexadecanoic acid	000057-10-3	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	2.76	2.31	6.07	4.63	7.08
24	Esters	benzyl salicylate	000118-58-1	C₁₄H₁₂O₃	0.1	0.1	0.43	0.6	1.35

彝药豆瓣绿的本草考证及生药学研究

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王晓燕 ¹ , 官仕玉 ² , 杨昌琴 ² , 黄艳 ¹ , 高驰 ³ , 尹鸿翔 ²^,^*

中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(7): 589-599

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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(7): 589-599

彝药豆瓣绿的本草考证及生药学研究

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王晓燕¹, 官仕玉², 杨昌琴², 黄艳¹, 高驰³, 尹鸿翔²^,^*

作者信息

¹ 成都中医药大学药学院, 成都 611137

² 成都中医药大学民族医药学院, 成都 611137

³ 四川省药品检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室, 成都 611731

王晓燕,女,硕士研究生研究方向:中药及民族药资源与质量评价

通讯作者:

^*尹鸿翔,男,副教授研究方向:西南地区中药及特色民族药资源保护与可持续利用 Tel:(028)61801093

Herbal Textual Research and Pharmacognostical Study of Yi Medicine Peperomia tetraphylla

Xiaoyan WANG¹, Shiyu GUAN², Changqin YANG², Yan HUANG¹, Chi GAO³, Hongxiang YIN²^,^*

Affiliations

¹ College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China

² College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China

³ Sichuan Provincial Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines, Chengdu 611731, China

出版时间: 2024-04-08 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.004

文章导航

摘要

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目的对彝药豆瓣绿(果久鲁)进行本草考证和生药学研究,为正本清源及质量控制提供依据。方法通过查阅古今本草文献结合实际调查研究,从名称、基原、彝族药用情况、民间验方4个方面进行考证。进行植物形态及药材性状的观察及描述,制备茎、叶中脉横切面石蜡切片及全草粉末装片,观察显微特征;基于薄层色谱法进行理化鉴别,采用HPLC对其主要药效物质基础α-细辛脑进行含量测定,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,对其化学轮廓进行气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析。结果在不同本草专著中,以豆瓣绿为原植物所记载的正名并不统一,且别名甚多,共计5个正名,44个别名,同物异名现象十分突出。另外,同名异物也客观存在:以“一柱香”为正名记载药物除胡椒科植物豆瓣绿外,还涉及茜草科植物一柱香Oldeniandia capituligera(Hce)O. Ktze.,以“鹿衔(草)”为名记载药物除豆瓣绿外,还涉及鹿蹄草科植物鹿蹄草Pyrola calliantha H. Andres或普通鹿蹄草Pyrola decorata H. Andres;草胡椒属近缘植物石蝉草Peperomia dindygulensis Miq.、短穗草胡椒Peperomia duclouxli C. DC.亦被作为豆瓣绿所使用。文献可查的彝族药用情况可追溯到《云南省志》,综合考证,其彝文名为: ,音译名:果久鲁。文献记载收载民间验方10个。对采集的10批药材进行系统生药学研究,确定了豆瓣绿药材形态特征、组织构造和粉末特征、理化鉴别特征,通过HPLC测定α-细辛脑含量在0.064 8%~0.591 6%,对产自四川、云南、贵州的5批药材进行挥发油GC-MS分析,鉴定出24种化合物,采用峰面积百分比法,得到相对百分含量大于2%的共有成分5种。结论本研究完成了彝药豆瓣绿的本草考证及生药学研究,推动其纳入了《四川省中药材标准》(藏、彝、羌、苗药材2022年版),将为豆瓣绿的质量科学评价和深度开发提供重要依据。

关键词

豆瓣绿 / 彝药 / 本草考证 / 生药学 / 气相色谱-质谱联用 / 质量控制

Abstract

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OBJECTIVE To provide the basis for the original source and quality control, and investigate herbal textual and pharmacognosy of Yi medicine Peperomia tetraphylla(Guo Jiu Lu). METHODS By consulting ancient and modern herbal literature combined with actual investigation and research, the research was carried out from four aspects: name, the origin, Yi medicinal use history and folk proved prescription. The plant morphology and medicinal properties were observed and described, the paraffin sections of stems and leaves and the whole grass powder were prepared to observe the microscopic characteristics.Physicochemical identification was performed based on thin-layer chromatography.The content of α-asarone in P.Tetraphylla was determined by HPLC.The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation and the volatile components were analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS In different herbal works, the proper names recorded with Peperomia tetraphylla. as the original plant are not uniform, and there are many other names, including 5 proper names and 44 specific names. The phenomenon of the same substance with different names is very prominent. In addition, the foreign substance of the same name also exists objectively: in addition to the Piperaceae plant Peperomia tetraphylla., the drug recorded with the name of "Yizhuxiang" also involved the Rubidiaceae plant Hedyotis capituligera Hance. The related plants of Peperomia genus Peperomia blanda and Peperomia duclouxii were also known as Peperomia tetraphylla., which was a foreign substance of the same name. The medicinal use of Yi nationality could be traced back to the journal of《Yunnan Sheng Zhi》, comprehensive research, the yi language called: , transliteration name: Guo Jiu Lu. Ten folk empirical prescriptions were recorded in the literature. Systematic pharmacognostic study was carried out on 10 lots of collected medicinal materials, and the morphological characteristics, tissue structure, powder characteristics, and physical and chemical identification characteristics of the medicinal materials were determined. The content of α-asarone was determined by HPLC between 0.0648% and 0.5916%, the volatile oil of 5 batches of medicinal materials from Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou were analyzed by GC-MS, and 24 compounds were identified,and 5 compounds with relative percentage content greater than 2% were obtained by peak area percentage method. CONCLUSION This paper systematically completes the herbal research and pharmacognotic research of Yi medicine P.Tetraphylla, and promotes its inclusion in the 《Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials in Sichuan Province》 (Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Miao Medicinal Materials 2022 edition), which will provide an important basis for the scientific evaluation and in-depth development of the quality of P.Tetraphylla.

Key words

Peperomia tetraphylla / Yi medicine / Herbal textual research / Pharmacognosy / GC-MS / quality control

引用本文

王晓燕, 官仕玉, 杨昌琴, 黄艳, 高驰, 尹鸿翔. 彝药豆瓣绿的本草考证及生药学研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (7) : 589 -599 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.004

Xiaoyan WANG, Shiyu GUAN, Changqin YANG, Yan HUANG, Chi GAO, Hongxiang YIN. Herbal Textual Research and Pharmacognostical Study of Yi Medicine Peperomia tetraphylla[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (7) : 589 -599 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.004

正文

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彝药豆瓣绿为胡椒科草胡椒属植物豆瓣绿[Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst.f.)Hook.et Arn.]的干燥全草。具有祛风除湿,舒筋活络,清热解毒,清肺止咳等功效^[1],以豆瓣绿配伍其他中草药在治疗风湿骨痛等疾病方面取得良好治疗效果。豆瓣绿主要分布于四川、云南、贵州等地区^[2],生于海拔900~2 000 m的潮湿的岩石或树干上。豆瓣绿主要含有木脂素类、黄酮类、生物碱类、非酰胺类、酰胺类及挥发油类等化学成分^[3-7],药理作用主要为抗炎、抗肿瘤等^[8-9]。

豆瓣绿的药用历史悠久,功效明确,资源蕴藏丰富,具良好的开发潜能;然而,截至2023年初,豆瓣绿尚未被任何国家及省级中药材质量标准收载,同时豆瓣绿的本草考证、品种整理几乎是空白,因此难以控制药材质量和深入开发。基于以上情况,为了保证用药安全,2021年四川省药品监督管理局启动了《四川省中药材标准》(藏、彝、羌、苗药材2022年版)的制定工作,豆瓣绿被纳入拟收载品种。本研究在该项目的支持下对豆瓣绿的名称、基原、彝族药用情况、民间验方4方面进行了详细的文献考证,同时进行了较为系统的生药学研究,包括植物形态特征、药材性状、显微特征、薄层色谱鉴别、药效成分的含量测定以及挥发性成分的气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析,为豆瓣绿正本清源、质量评价和深入开发提供依据。

1 材料与仪器

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1.1 仪器与试剂

岛津2010高效液相色谱仪系统(日本岛津公司);OLYMPUS BX61自动化显微镜,GC-MS气质联用仪7890A-5975C(美国安捷伦公司)等。硅胶G板(200 mm×100 mm,青岛海洋化工厂),α-细辛脑对照品(成都普思生物科技股份有限公司,批号:PS001187,含量99.81%),水合氯醛、甘油、磷酸、甲苯、环己烷等,乙腈为色谱纯;水为超纯水,其余试剂为分析纯。

1.2 药材样品

采集豆瓣绿共10批,药材样品经成都中医药大学尹鸿翔副教授鉴定,均为胡椒科草胡椒属植物豆瓣绿Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn。凭证标本保存于成都中医药大学标本中心( CDCM),样品信息见表1。

2 方法与结果

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2.1 名称考证

2.1.1 同物异名情况考证

豆瓣绿,其名首载于清代(1848年)吴其濬所著的《植物名实图考》^[10]中的石草类下,云:“豆瓣绿,生云南山石间。”记载别名为豆瓣鹿衔草。在此之后的一段时间,不同本草专著对豆瓣绿的名称记载并不统一;直至《中国植物志》^[2](1982年)将豆瓣绿收录为正名,此后的本草专著多以豆瓣绿作为正名,记载别名甚多,存在同物异名现象,总结如下表(表2)。对书籍中所绘制的原植物图及颜色、形态、主要产地、用途等的描述进行考证比对,结果皆为豆瓣绿Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn,见图1。

2.1.2 同名异物情况考证

除存在同物异名现象外,由于各地本草记载习惯不同以及同属近缘种混用的情况,同时也存在同名异物现象,总结如下表(表3,图2)。豆瓣绿在四川及云南的部分地区或以“一柱香”为正名,或为别名,而之所以将其称作一柱香,大概也是和其穗状花序形似“一炷香”有关;豆瓣绿、石蝉草及短穗草胡椒均为胡椒科草胡椒属植物,且功效存在一定的相似性,由此导致混用,进一步的文献考证^[2,18],三者区别点在于:豆瓣绿无毛或稀被疏毛,叶片阔椭圆形或近圆形,似豆瓣;短穗草胡椒植株较之矮小,无毛或被疏毛,叶片呈倒卵形少有近圆形,叶先端微凹或圆;石蝉草植株较之更高,全体被柔毛。另外,在花卉市场同属植物圆叶椒草Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr.的商品名也叫“豆瓣绿”,为著名观赏植物,要注意避免混淆。

2.2 基原考证

《中华本草》^[18]记载豆瓣绿药材的来源为胡椒科植物豆瓣绿或毛叶豆瓣绿的全草,随着《中国植物志》^[2]将毛叶豆瓣绿修订为豆瓣绿Peperomia tetraphylla的异名,因此确定豆瓣绿的原植物为胡椒科草胡椒属植物豆瓣绿Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst.f.)Hook.et Arn,药用部位为全草。

关于豆瓣绿的原植物形态描述,最早见于清代的《植物名实图考》^[10],云:“小草高数寸,茎叶绿脆。每四叶攒生一层,大如豆瓣,厚泽类佛指甲;梢端发小穗长数分,亦脆。”可见,从清朝开始便对豆瓣绿的形态特征有了基本认识。此后,各本草文献对豆瓣绿的记载更加具体化,对根、茎、叶、穗状花序、花蕊、果实等进行描述且逐渐以现代常用计量方式进行特征描述,例如,“须根细弱”《文山中草药》^[12],“茎直立或匍匐”^[1],“高5~10 cm”《贵州民间药物》^[11],“叶四片轮生,卵形或椭圆形,光滑而厚,边缘无锯齿,小叶长0.8~1 cm,宽约0.5 cm。”^[12]“穗状花序单生,顶生和腋生,长2~4.5 cm;”^[2],“花小,两性,无花被,与苞片同生于花序轴凹陷处;雄蕊2,花丝短,花药近椭圆形;子房卵形,1室,柱头顶生,近头状,被短柔毛。”^[18],“浆果卵状球形,顶端尖,长近1 mm。”^[16]。

2.3 豆瓣绿彝族药用情况考证

豆瓣绿在云南省和四川省的彝族地区广泛使用,文献可追溯的最早记载豆瓣绿的彝族药用情况可见《云南省志》^[22],彝族称之为苟焦驴,全株可作药用,具有清热解毒,舒筋活络的功效,用于风湿骨痛、痢疾、中暑、劳伤咳嗽、哮喘、乳腺炎、跌打损伤。作为彝族集中聚居地的云南,全省大部分地区均有产豆瓣绿;《云南民族药志》^[1](2012年)、《中国民族药辞典》^[23](2016年)均记载豆瓣绿作为彝药称为苟焦驴,《中国民族药辞典》^[23]记载彝药豆瓣绿全株药用,功效主治沿用《云南省志》^[22]所记载。

通过对四川省彝医医院、凉山彝族自治州民族药物研究所、凉山彝族自治州食品药品检验所、楚雄彝族自治州食品药品检验所的医生、研究人员及产地药农进行访谈发现:豆瓣绿在彝族民间常用于治疗风湿筋骨痛、劳伤咳嗽、跌打损伤以及用于止血;治疗风湿筋骨痛常泡酒服;治疗劳伤咳嗽常水煎服;止血及治疗跌打损伤常鲜用,捣烂凃于患处,治疗跌打损伤,亦有泡酒服。

综合考证情况,经《四川省中药材标准》(藏、彝、羌、苗药材2022年版)的中彝医专家组审定,确定豆瓣绿的彝文名为:

,音译名:果久鲁, 其功能主治的彝文描述为:

。

(祛风除湿,舒筋活络,清热解毒,清肺止咳为主,多用于风湿骨痛,痢疾,咳喘,跌打损伤等)。

2.4 含豆瓣绿的民间验方

通过文献分析发现,豆瓣绿在民间多以验方形式与其他中草药配伍使用,《云南思茅中草药选》^[15]记载岩豆瓣与地血香、金丝木通配伍使用,泡酒服,用于治疗风湿骨痛,取得良好的治疗效果。此外,《中华本草》^[18]等著作中均记载有含豆瓣绿的民间验方,见表4。

2.5 植物形态特征

按植物分类学方法,参考《中国植物志》,观察并描述原植物形态特征。见图3。

多年生、丛生草本;茎直立或匍匐,多分枝,长5~25 cm,下部节上有不定根。叶3~4片轮生,肉质,阔椭圆形或近圆形,似豆瓣;叶脉3,纤细。穗状花序单生,顶生和腋生,长1.5~4 cm;浆果近卵形,长近0.1 cm,顶端尖。花期2~4月及9~12月^[2]。

2.6 药材性状

豆瓣绿在产地一般为秋冬季节采收,根据产地加工方法进行烘干,从形状、大小、色泽、表面特征、质地、气味等方面对药材的性状特征进行观察记录。

须根细弱,常脱落;茎呈圆柱形,具多条深纵棱,茎节膨大,易折断。叶3~4片轮生,易脱落,呈阔椭圆形或近圆形,长0.8~1.2 cm,宽0.4~0.8 cm,全缘;叶表面黄绿色或灰绿色;叶柄短。偶见顶生穗状果(花)序。气清香,味辛。见图4。

2.7 特征

制作样品的茎横切面石蜡切片、叶片横切面石蜡切片及粉末装片,观察显微鉴别特征,做定性和定量描述。

2.7.1 茎横切面显微特征

表皮细胞1列,类椭圆形,外被角质层,排列紧密;非腺毛由1~4个细胞组成。皮层薄壁细胞10余列,含有叶绿体,近表皮内侧有数列厚角组织。外韧型维管束散在,韧皮部较窄,木质部以导管为主,形成层不明显。髓部薄壁细胞类圆形,大小不等。薄壁组织中含有油细胞及淀粉粒。见图5。

2.7.2 叶中脉横切面显微特征

上、下表皮均为1列切向延长的细胞,外被角质层,可见1~3个细胞组成的非腺毛。下表皮有气孔。下皮宽广,占叶片横切面的1/2,大型薄壁细胞,有的破裂形成大的腔系。叶肉组织为异面叶型,栅栏组织1列,细胞细短柱状,内含有草酸钙簇晶及叶绿体,不通过主脉;海绵组织排列疏松,细胞间隙较大。主脉维管束外韧形。见图6。

2.7.3 全草粉末显微特征

本品粉末黄绿色至深绿色。螺纹导管及环纹导管可见,直径5~40 μm;草酸钙簇晶众多,直径5~25 μm,单个散在或存在于薄壁细胞中;叶表皮细胞垂周壁微波状弯曲,气孔环式,偶见不定式,具3~6个副卫细胞;非腺毛多破碎,完整者由1~4细胞组成,平直或弯曲,壁厚,长50~313 μm;油细胞椭圆形或类圆形,胞腔内含淡黄色至棕黄色油滴;淀粉粒单粒类球形,脐点点状、短缝状或人字状。见图7。

2.8 薄层色谱特征

取本品粉末2 g,加乙酸乙酯10 mL,浸泡1 h,超声处理20 min,滤过,滤液作为供试品溶液。另取α-细辛脑对照品,加乙酸乙酯制成每1 mL含1 mg的溶液,作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法(2020年版《中国药典》^[25]四部通则0502)试验,吸取上述2种溶液各3 μL,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上,以石油醚(60~90 ℃)-乙酸乙酯(8∶2)为展开剂,展开,取出,晾干,喷以10%磷钼酸乙醇溶液,在105 ℃加热至斑点显色清晰,置日光下检视。结果见图8。

2.9 α-细辛脑的含量特征

2.9.1 对照品溶液的制备

取α-细辛脑对照品适量,精密称定,加甲醇制成质量浓度为0.233 mg·mL^-1的对照品溶液。

2.9.2 供试品溶液的制备

称取豆瓣绿(S6)粉末0.3 g,精密称定,加入体积分数50%甲醇20 mL后回流提取1 h,放冷至室温,再用体积分数50%甲醇补足减少的量,摇匀静置后吸取上清液,用0.45 μm的微孔滤膜过滤,取续滤液为豆瓣绿供试品溶液。

2.9.3 色谱条件

采用Xtimate^®C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(49∶51),流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长257 nm,柱温30 ℃,进样量10 μL。在上述条件下,各成分无干扰且完全分离,理论板数按α-细辛脑计大于5000,α-细辛脑对照品和豆瓣绿供试品色谱图见图9。

2.9.4 线性关系考察

分别精密吸取上述α-细辛脑对照品溶液1、2、4、6、8、10、20 μL,分别注入液相色谱仪,测定峰面积,以α-细辛脑进样量(μg)为横坐标(X),峰面积为纵坐标(Y),绘制标准曲线并计算回归方程,结果得回归方程:y=4×10⁶ρ+114 973,r=0.999 9。结果表明,α-细辛脑质量在0.233~4.66 μg之间与峰面积值呈良好的线性关系。

2.9.5 精密度考察

精密吸取同一批豆瓣绿供试品溶液10 μL,重复进样6次,测定α-细辛脑峰面积值,计算相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.32%,表明仪器设备精密度良好。

2.9.6 重复性试验

精密称取同一批药材粉末6份,每份0.3 g,按 “2.9.2”项下的方法制备供试品溶液,按“2.9.3”项下色谱条件进样分析,测定α-细辛脑峰面积值,计算α-细辛脑含量的RSD为1.14%。

2.9.7 稳定性试验

按“2.9.2”项下的方法制备豆瓣绿供试品溶液,于制备后0、2、4、8、16、24 h分别进样10 μL,测定峰面积,计算其RSD为1.55%,表明豆瓣绿供试品在24 h内稳定性良好。

2.9.8 加样回收率试验

精密称取0.15 g已测知α-细辛脑含量的药材粉末(S6)6份,分别加入等量α-细辛脑对照品,按“2.9.2”项下条件制备供试品溶液,按“2.9.3”项下方法进行测定,计算得到α-细辛脑的平均回收率为94.29%,RSD为0.58%。

2.9.9 耐用性考察

分别采用两家不同品牌的色谱柱及高效液相色谱仪①kromasil C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)、②Xtimate^®C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm),在两台液相色谱仪(a:Agilent 1260、b:岛津LC-2010A)上进行了比较,测定供试品中α-细辛脑的理论板数分别为 12 415、23 345;分离度均大于1.5。

2.9.10 样品含量测定

取不同采收地区的豆瓣绿药材10批,按“2.9.2”项下方法制备豆瓣绿供试品溶液,分别精密吸取供试品溶液各10 μL,按“2.9.3”项下所述色谱条件测定峰面积,计算α-细辛脑含量,结果见表5。

2.10 挥发油成分分析

2.10.1 挥发油提取与制备

取产自四川、云南、贵州省的5批豆瓣绿(S3、S6、S7、S9、S10)干燥全草粉末各20 g,置于1 000 mL圆底烧瓶中,加300 mL蒸馏水浸泡12 h;置于电热套上,连接挥发油提取器与冷凝回流管,自冷凝管上端加水至刚好溢流入烧瓶,再加入适量正己烷;电热套加热,至沸腾,保持微沸,提取8 h,停止加热,待烧瓶冷却后,取出,收集挥发油,加入适量无水硫酸钠脱水,将所得挥发油溶于正己烷,装入进样瓶,即得挥发油待测样品溶液。所得挥发油气味浓烈,呈透亮黄绿色。

2.10.2 GC-MS分析条件

气相色谱条件(GC):色谱柱:HP-INNOWax型毛细管质谱柱(0.25 μm×30 m×250 μm);载气:He,体积流量:1 mL·min^-1;采取程序升温,初始温度50 ℃,保持2 min,以2.5 ℃·min^-1升至100 ℃,保持5 min,以8 ℃·min^-1升至140 ℃,保持6 min,再以4 ℃·min^-1升至220 ℃,保持6 min,总运行64 min;分流进样,分流比20∶1;进样量1 μL。

质谱条件(MS):EMV模式,增益因子1.00,结果EM电压:1 447 V;溶剂延迟3.75 min;质量范围m/z 20~400,全扫描;离子源温度230 ℃;四级杆温度150 ℃。

2.10.3 豆瓣绿挥发性成分鉴定

各色谱峰对应的质谱图经气质联用仪的计算机谱库检索进行定性,质谱数据库为NIST14.L,按匹配度在90%以上鉴定化合物。GC-MS总离子流图见图10。化合物信息见表6。

从5批豆瓣绿挥发油中共鉴定出24种化合物,主要是烯类化合物,采用峰面积百分比法,得到四川产的3批药材挥发油共有成分达18种,相似度高;四川、云南、贵州省的5批样品中共有成分7种,可见不同产地豆瓣绿中挥发性成分及相对含量存在联系同时也具有差异。

5批药材共有成分中相对百分含量高于2%的有5种,分别是:β-石竹烯(3.86%~17.91%)、α-石竹烯(6.00%~21.09%)、反式-α-没药烯(2.21%~5.23%)、α-细辛脑(5.18%~31.62%)、棕榈酸(2.31%~7.08%);这5种挥发性成分在豆瓣绿中较稳定存在,可作为豆瓣绿挥发油质量标志物,含量高低的差异可能受其产地环境因素及加工方式的影响。

3 讨论

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通过考证发现豆瓣绿为我国西南少数民族地区常用草药,其同物异名现象十分突出,共计5个正名,44个别名,究其原因是不同地区命名习惯各异导致,比如:常用别名:一柱香、三花叶、三四叶、四块瓦、指甲草、圆叶瓜子菜等,皆根据其形态特征来命名;岩石莲、石上开花、石上瓦浆、石苋菜等,是根据其生长环境特性进行命名。豆瓣绿的同名异物现象也是客观存在,给质量控制和安全用药带来了一定的干扰。通过本草考证和品种整理,豆瓣绿的基原应为:胡椒科草胡椒属植物豆瓣绿Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst.f.)Hook.et Arn。本草古籍对豆瓣绿的植物形态,性味归经与功能主治等的记载与现代基本相同,具有历史连贯性。

对采集的10批豆瓣绿进行原植物形态、药材性状、显微鉴别,粉末显微中导管、草酸钙簇晶、环式气孔、非腺毛、油细胞及淀粉粒可作为其鉴别点。

基于指标性成分α-细辛脑建立薄层色谱鉴别方法并进行HPLC含量测定,结果显示,供试品S1、S2、S4、S5、S9的薄层色谱图中,在与对照品α-细辛脑的色谱相应位置上,蓝色斑点颜色不明显,颜色深浅不同揭示出该成分含量的差异;这5批药材的HPLC含量测定显示,α-细辛脑含量相对较低,与TLC的结果基本一致。分析原因为:α-细辛脑为挥发性成分,放置时间较长、干燥温度较高都会促使该成分的散失;而豆瓣绿为肉质草本,含水量较高,难以晾干,产地农户往往会选择在锅里炕干,但是炕干过程温度难以控制,温度过高、炕的时间过长均会导致药材中的挥发性成分损失。

对采集自四川、云南、贵州省的共5批豆瓣绿样品进行挥发油GC-MS分析,检测得到5种较稳定存在且含量大于2%的挥发性成分,可作为豆瓣绿挥发油质量标志物,为今后豆瓣绿的鉴定和品质研究提供一个参考。豆瓣绿中α-细辛脑和β-石竹烯的含量很高,含量最高的α-细辛脑也是原药材用于治疗劳伤咳嗽、哮喘的主要生物活性物质基础^[6,26]。β-石竹烯为食用香料,并具有镇咳和祛痰、镇痛和抗炎作用^[27-28]。通过高灵敏度的GC-MS检测,发现云南产(S9)豆瓣绿中也含有α-细辛脑(5.18%),相对含量明显低于其他4批样品,与TLC的结果相一致,说明样品中α-细辛脑受前处理的加工方式影响较大。其次,不同产地、不同储藏方式亦会影响到样品挥发性成分的检测结果。实际应用中,为了保证疗效,应注意药材的加工储存方式,建议对药材进行干燥时,避免太阳暴晒及在锅里高温炕干,可采用通风阴凉处晾干,采用烘箱干燥应尽量使用低温(40 ℃左右)。豆瓣绿药材的储藏应置于密封阴凉干燥处。

豆瓣绿挥发油中α-细辛脑含量很高,也是其主要药效成分。研究发现其药用价值十分显著,目前已经研发出以α-细辛脑为主成分的制剂并投入临床使用,包括用于治疗肺炎、支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴咳嗽、咯痰、喘息等的细辛脑注射液;用于治疗癫痫的细辛脑胶囊;用于支气管炎和支气管哮喘的细辛脑片等。这预示着豆瓣绿可能具备更加广泛的潜在药用价值,值得深入研究。

通过主产地药农介绍,四川省的豆瓣绿药材的平均年销量达1 t,多由民族民间医生所收购。实地调查发现,豆瓣绿的资源分布广泛,多生长于海拔900~2 000 m,一般附生于岩壁或者老树枝干表面,根系为须根状,着生于浅表层腐殖质,容易整株剥离,野生种群十分脆弱。大量的采挖已经导致资源量迅速萎缩,并连累破坏伴生的兰科和蕨类植物。同时也发现其果序为穗状果序,每果序的果实数量达数十粒,可考虑未来的种子人工育苗来实现资源可持续利用。

此外,Li等^[5]的研究发现豆瓣绿中含有马兜铃内酰胺AⅡ和马兜铃内酰胺BⅡ成分,对马兜铃内酰胺类成分安全性的分析发现^[29],Ⅱ型马兜铃内酰胺对肿瘤细胞具有选择性细胞毒性。Yin等^[30]从构效关系分析得到此2种马兜铃内酰胺为无毒结构,基于PubChem数据库检索生物活性试验得到马兜铃内酰胺AⅡ无致突变性,且基因毒性比较数据库(CTD)中未检索到马兜铃内酰胺BⅡ的基因毒性信息。未来可针对豆瓣绿中的马兜铃内酰胺内成分进行进一步的检测及开展相关毒理学实验,提高用药安全性。

基金

收起

四川省药品监督管理局中药(民族药)标准提升项目资助(510201202102305)

参考文献

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2024年第59卷第7期

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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.07.004

接收时间：2023-08-31
首发时间：2026-04-08
出版时间：2024-04-08

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收稿日期：2023-08-31

基金

四川省药品监督管理局中药(民族药)标准提升项目资助(510201202102305)

作者信息

¹ 成都中医药大学药学院, 成都 611137

² 成都中医药大学民族医药学院, 成都 611137

³ 四川省药品检验研究院, 国家药品监督管理局中成药质量评价重点实验室, 成都 611731

通讯作者:

^*尹鸿翔,男,副教授研究方向:西南地区中药及特色民族药资源保护与可持续利用 Tel:(028)61801093

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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No.	Collection time	Place of origin (in Chinese)
S1	2021-09-09	Huili Sichuan(四川会理)
S2	2021-09-13	Shimian Sichuan(四川石棉)
S3	2021-09-22	Kangding Sichuan(四川康定)
S4	2021-09-30	Muli Sichuan(四川木里)
S5	2021-10-02	Luding Sichuan(四川泸定)
S6	2021-10-02	Pingwu Sichuan(四川平武)
S7	2021-11-27	Wenchuan Sichuan(四川汶川)
S8	2021-11-29	Baoxing Sichuan(四川宝兴)
S9	2021-07-24	Malipo Yunnan(云南麻栗坡)
S10	2021-09-25	Anshun Guizhou(贵州安顺)

No.

Collection time

Place of origin (in Chinese)

2021-09-09

Huili Sichuan(四川会理)

2021-09-13

Shimian Sichuan(四川石棉)

2021-09-22

Kangding Sichuan(四川康定)

2021-09-30

Muli Sichuan(四川木里)

2021-10-02

Luding Sichuan(四川泸定)

2021-10-02

Pingwu Sichuan(四川平武)

2021-11-27

Wenchuan Sichuan(四川汶川)

2021-11-29

Baoxing Sichuan(四川宝兴)

2021-07-24

Malipo Yunnan(云南麻栗坡)

S10

2021-09-25

Anshun Guizhou(贵州安顺)

Year	Monograph	Formal name	Alternative name
1848	Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]	Doubanlü	Doubanluxiancao
1965	Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]	Guaziluxian	Guazixixin
1970	Wen Shan Zhong Cao Yao^[12]	Yizhuxiang	Sanniancao
1970	Kun Ming Min Jian Chang Yong Cao Yao^[13]	Doubanruyi	Doubanlü;
1971	Yun Nan Zhong Cao Yao^[14]		Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang
1971	Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan^[15]	Yandouban	Doubanruyicao, Yizhuxiang
1982	Flora of China^[2]	Doubanlü	Doubancai, Doubanruyi, Xiaojiaocao, Biyu, Doubanlüjiaocao, Biyujiaocao, Biyuhua, Zibiandoubanlü, Maoyedoubanlü
1986	Zhong Yao Da Ci Dian^[16]	Doubanlü	Doubanlüxiancao, Yanjincao, Dubanruyicao, Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang, Yizhuxiang, Sanniancao
1996	Quan Guo Zhong Cao Yao Ming Jian^[17]	Doubanlü	Doubanlüxiancao, Sibanjinchai, Yandouban, Xiaosikuaiwa, Yizhuxiang, Yanhua, Guangxi:Sanhuacao, Sansiye, Daganyao, Hujiaocao, Guazicao, Shixiancai, Gouliesan, Doubancai, Shaibusi, Yuanyeguazicai; Sichuan:Yanjincao, Shihuanhun, Foyancao, Jiaocao; Guizhou:Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Yanshilian; Yunnan:Doubanruyicao, Doubanruyi, Doubandabusi, Doubancao, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Zhijiacao, Shishangkaihua, Shishangwajiang, Caojiao, Sanniancao
1999	Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]	Doubanlü	Doubanlüxiancao, Doubanruyicao, Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Yanjincao, Yizhuxiang, Sanniancao, Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang, Yandouban, Doubancao, Yuanyeguazicai, Shihuanhun
2014	Quan Guo Zhong Cao Yao Hui Bian^[19]	Doubanlü	Yizhuxiang, Yandouban, Doubancao, Zhijiacao, Doubandabusi
2020	Si Chuan Sheng Zhong Yao Zi Yuan Zhi Yao^[20]	Doubanlü	Yizhuxiang, Doubanhuanhuncao.Shihuanhun, Xiaohaoziwei

Year

Monograph

Formal name

Alternative name

1848

Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]

Doubanlü

Doubanluxiancao

1965

Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]

Guaziluxian

Guazixixin

1970

Wen Shan Zhong Cao Yao^[12]

Yizhuxiang

Sanniancao

1970

Kun Ming Min Jian Chang Yong Cao Yao^[13]

Doubanruyi

Doubanlü;

1971

Yun Nan Zhong Cao Yao^[14]

Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang

1971

Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan^[15]

Yandouban

Doubanruyicao, Yizhuxiang

1982

Flora of China^[2]

Doubanlü

Doubancai, Doubanruyi, Xiaojiaocao, Biyu, Doubanlüjiaocao, Biyujiaocao, Biyuhua, Zibiandoubanlü, Maoyedoubanlü

1986

Zhong Yao Da Ci Dian^[16]

Doubanlü

Doubanlüxiancao, Yanjincao, Dubanruyicao, Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Shishangkaihua,
Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang, Yizhuxiang, Sanniancao

1996

Quan Guo Zhong Cao Yao Ming Jian^[17]

Doubanlü

Doubanlüxiancao, Sibanjinchai, Yandouban, Xiaosikuaiwa, Yizhuxiang, Yanhua, Guangxi:Sanhuacao, Sansiye, Daganyao, Hujiaocao, Guazicao, Shixiancai, Gouliesan,
Doubancai, Shaibusi, Yuanyeguazicai;
Sichuan:Yanjincao, Shihuanhun, Foyancao, Jiaocao;
Guizhou:Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Yanshilian;
Yunnan:Doubanruyicao, Doubanruyi, Doubandabusi, Doubancao, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Zhijiacao,
Shishangkaihua, Shishangwajiang, Caojiao, Sanniancao

1999

Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]

Doubanlü

Doubanlüxiancao, Doubanruyicao, Guaziluxian, Guazixixin, Yanjincao, Yizhuxiang, Sanniancao,
Shishangkaihua, Sikuaiwa, Kejie, Yanhua, Shishangwajiang, Yandouban, Doubancao,
Yuanyeguazicai, Shihuanhun

2014

Quan Guo Zhong Cao Yao Hui Bian^[19]

Doubanlü

Yizhuxiang, Yandouban, Doubancao, Zhijiacao, Doubandabusi

2020

Si Chuan Sheng Zhong Yao Zi Yuan Zhi Yao^[20]

Doubanlü

Yizhuxiang, Doubanhuanhuncao.Shihuanhun, Xiaohaoziwei

Name	Original plant	Monograph
Yizhuxiang	Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn	Wen Shan Zhong Cao Yao^[12]、Si Chuan Hong Ya Zhong Cao Yao Ming Lu^[21]
	Oldeniandia capituligera(Hce)O. Ktze.	Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]
Luxian(cao)	Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn	Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]、Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]
	Pyrola calliantha H. Andres or Pyrola decorata H. Andres	Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]
Doubanlü	Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn	Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]
	Peperomia dindygulensis Miq.	Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan^[15]、Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]、Yun Nan Sheng Zhi^[22]
	Peperomia duclouxli C. DC.	Yun Nan Sheng Zhi^[22]

Name

Original plant

Monograph

Yizhuxiang

Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn

Wen Shan Zhong Cao Yao^[12]、Si Chuan Hong Ya Zhong Cao Yao Ming Lu^[21]

Oldeniandia capituligera(Hce)O. Ktze.

Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]

Luxian(cao)

Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn

Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]、Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu^[11]

Pyrola calliantha H. Andres or Pyrola decorata H. Andres

Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao^[10]

Doubanlü

Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. et Arn

Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]

Peperomia dindygulensis Miq.

Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan^[15]、Zhong Hua Ben Cao^[18]、Yun Nan Sheng Zhi^[22]

Peperomia duclouxli C. DC.

Yun Nan Sheng Zhi^[22]

Prescription composition	Efficacy	Monograph
①The whole herb of Guaziluxian 60 g, soaked in wine. Or use Guaziluxian, Shierhuaihua 9 g each, decoction water to take; ②The whole herb of Guaziluxian 9 g, steamed and eaten with lean meat.	①Cure consumption and cough; ②Treat children's rickets.	Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu(1965)^[11]
Yandouban, Dixuexiang, Jinsimutong.	Take them in alcohol, used in 90 cases of rheumatism and bone pain, the effect is obvious.	Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan(1971)^[15]
①Doubanruyiycao 9 g(pound fine), Hujiao 0.9 g,Brown sugar 3 g; ②Guaziluxian, Shierhuaihua 9 g each.	①Take with simmered water for watery diarrhea; ②Decoction of water for curing cough due to labor pains.	Zhong Yao Da Ci Dian(1986)^[16]
①Doubanlü 12 g, Dayesuan 9 g; ②Doubanruyi 9 g(pound fine), Hujiao 0.9 g, Brown sugar 5 g; ③Doubanlü 12 g, Huangcao 12 g, Bailüye 15 g, Suanjiangcao 9 g, Longdancao 9 g.	①Use raw, pound together and wrap the affected area for yellow water sores; ②Take with simmered water for watery diarrhea; ③Decoction with water for acute and chronic hepatitis.	Zhong Hua Ben Cao(1999)^[18]
Doubanruyicao 15 g, Ganjiang 12 g, Mianbixie 30 g.	Decoction with water for cough and phlegm.	Yun Nan Yao Yong Zhi Wu^[24]

Prescription composition

Efficacy

Monograph

①The whole herb of Guaziluxian 60 g, soaked in wine. Or use Guaziluxian, Shierhuaihua 9 g each, decoction water to take; ②The whole herb of Guaziluxian 9 g, steamed and eaten with lean meat.

①Cure consumption and cough; ②Treat children's rickets.

Gui Zhou Min Jian Yao Wu(1965)^[11]

Yandouban, Dixuexiang, Jinsimutong.

Take them in alcohol, used in 90 cases of rheumatism and bone pain, the effect is obvious.

Yun Nan Si Mao Zhong Cao Yao Xuan(1971)^[15]

①Doubanruyiycao 9 g(pound fine), Hujiao 0.9 g,Brown sugar 3 g; ②Guaziluxian, Shierhuaihua 9 g each.

①Take with simmered water for watery diarrhea; ②Decoction of water for curing cough due to labor pains.

Zhong Yao Da Ci Dian(1986)^[16]

①Doubanlü 12 g, Dayesuan 9 g; ②Doubanruyi 9 g(pound fine), Hujiao 0.9 g, Brown sugar 5 g; ③Doubanlü 12 g, Huangcao 12 g, Bailüye 15 g, Suanjiangcao 9 g, Longdancao 9 g.

①Use raw, pound together and wrap the affected area for yellow water sores; ②Take with simmered water for watery diarrhea; ③Decoction with water for acute and chronic hepatitis.

Zhong Hua Ben Cao(1999)^[18]

Doubanruyicao 15 g, Ganjiang 12 g, Mianbixie 30 g.

Decoction with water for cough and phlegm.

Yun Nan Yao Yong Zhi Wu^[24]

No.	Content of α-asarone/%
S1	-
S2	0.064 8
S3	0.591 6
S4	0.078 2
S5	0.109 6
S6	0.591 9
S7	0.427 2
S8	0.443 5
S9	-
S10	0.342 4

No.

Content of α-asarone/%

0.064 8

0.591 6

0.078 2

0.109 6

0.591 9

0.427 2

0.443 5

S10

0.342 4

No.	Category	Compounds	CAS code	Molecular formula	Relative content/%
1	Alkene	(-)-α-copaene	003856-25-5	C₁₅H₂₄	1.14	1.32	0.33	-	-
2		4-acetyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene	006090-09-1	C₉H₁₄O	-	0.17	-	-	-
3		(-)-α-cedrene	000469-61-4	C₁₅H₂₄	0.61	0.48	0.18	1.42	-
4		β-caryophyllene	000087-44-5	C₁₅H₂₄	17.91	5.59	4.42	4.28	3.86
5		aromandendrene	000489-39-4	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.23	-	-	-
6		(-)-thujopsen	000470-40-6	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.22	0.42	-	-
7		α-caryophyllene	006753-98-6	C₁₅H₂₄	21.09	6	6.16	7.92	8.03
8		(E)-β-farnesene	018794-84-8	C₁₅H₂₄	0.48	1.12	0.21	-	-
9		β-selinene	017066-67-0	C₁₅H₂₄	-	0.12	-	-	-
10		β-bisabolene	000495-61-4	C₁₅H₂₄	1.52	0.03	1.64	1.99	1.69
11		(+)-δ-cadinene	000483-76-1	C₁₅H₂₄	0.37	0.31	0.46	-	-
12		β-sesquiphellandrene	020307-83-9	C₁₅H₂₄	0.23	0.46	0.17	-	-
13		α-bisabolene	025532-79-0	C₁₅H₂₄	3.75	5.23	2.41	2.21	2.25
14		3,4-dimethoxystyrene	006380-23-0	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	0.61	0.95	1.05	-	-
15	Alcohol	linalool	000078-70-6	C₁₀H₁₈O	-	0.04	-	-
16		spathulenol	006750-60-3	C₁₅H₂₄O	1.62	2.3	5.91	-	9.38
17		phytol	000150-86-7	C₂₀H₄₀O	-	0.23	0.49	1.03	1.13
18	Ethers	1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzen	000093-16-3	C₁₁H₁₄O₂	0.92	1.08	1.34	-	-
19		1,2,3-Trimethoxy-5-[(1E)-1-propenyl] benzene	005273-85-8	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	0.17	2.05	0.34	-	-
20		α-asarone	002883-98-9	C₁₂H₁₆O₃	22.2	15.51	31.62	5.18	18.66
21	Acids	lauric acid	000143-07-7	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	0.27	0.12	0.83	-	0.65
22		tetradecanoic acid	000544-63-8	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	0.18	0.14	0.5	-	-
23		n-hexadecanoic acid	000057-10-3	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	2.76	2.31	6.07	4.63	7.08
24	Esters	benzyl salicylate	000118-58-1	C₁₄H₁₂O₃	0.1	0.1	0.43	0.6	1.35

No.