Article(id=1195664142821540468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195664138694341616, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)02-0161-11, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.02.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1686499200000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762998146014, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1705852800000, pubDateStr=2024-01-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762998146014, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762998146014, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762998146014, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195664138694341616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='2', pageStart='101', pageEnd='190', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762998145030, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762998511460, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195665675697045692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195664138694341616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195665675701239997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195664138694341616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=161, endPage=171, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195664143148696181, articleId=1195664142821540468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Anti-Alcohol and Liver-Protecting Effects of Four Ancient Prescriptions and the Potential Mechanisms, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To compare the anti-alcohol and liver-protecting effects of four ancient prescriptions, Baibei powder, Shigao decoction, Jupi decoction and Gegen powder, and explore the potential mechanisms of the four ancient prescriptions in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS Rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and drug administration groups, and the rat drunken model was prepared with 56° liquor. The rats in each administration group were given Chinese medicine decoction by gavage, and the normal group and the model group were given pure water by gavage. The drunken sleep time of rats was recorded, and the blood ethanol concentration and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in serum and liver were measured. Network pharmacology method was used to analyze the effective components, key targets and signaling pathways of the four ancipent prescriptions in the treatment of ALD. RESULTS The four ancient prescriptions could significantly prolong the drunkenness time and shorten the sobering time of drunken model rats. Among them, Baibei powder could significantly increase the serum activities of ADH, ALDH and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and improve triglyceride (TG) and glutathione (GSH) contents (P<0.05). Shigao decoction could significantly reduce the content of serum TG. Jupi decoction could significantly improve the serum GSH and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Gegen powder could significantly reduce the concentration of blood ethanol, improve the activities of ADH, ALDH and SOD and the contents of TG, total cholesterol (TC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), GSH and MDA in the serum or liver (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The four prescriptions could reduce the degree of liver pathological damage and reduce the area of lipid droplets to varying degrees. Through the network pharmacology analysis, a total of 78 targets were screened out for the treatment of ALD by the four prescriptions. Among them, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), protein kinase B1(AKT1), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cytochrome P450 2C19(CYP2C19) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptorα (PPARα) could be used as important targets for the treatment of ALD. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the ancient prescriptions may play a pharmacodynamic role through PPAR, AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The four prescriptions all have certain anti-alcohol and liver protection effects, and the effect of Gegen powder is more significant. The four prescriptions may regulate key targets such as TNF, AKT1, cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1), PPARα and ALDH by acting on the TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH pathway, thereby accelerating alcohol metabolism, improving lipid metabolism, and reducing oxidative stress.

, correspAuthors=ZHANG Jinbao, ZHAO Wenlong, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=QI Lemuge, YANG Zonghui, WEI Ziqi, DUAN Haijing, CHEN Honggang, JIN Ling, ZHANG Jinbao, ZHAO Wenlong), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195664677834375216, articleId=1195664142821540468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=四首古方解酒护肝作用对比及其机制初探, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 对比百杯散、石膏汤、橘皮汤、葛根散四首古方的解酒护肝作用,并探讨四首古方治疗酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease,ALD)的潜在机制。方法 将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组及各给药组,并以56°白酒制备大鼠醉酒模型,给予各给药组大鼠灌胃中药水煎液,正常组和模型组灌胃纯净水,记录大鼠醉酒睡眠时间,测定大鼠血乙醇浓度及血清和肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)、乙醛脱氢酶(aldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH)活性等。网络药理学方法分析四首方治疗ALD的有效成分、关键靶点及信号通路等。结果 ①四首古方均可显著延长醉酒模型大鼠醉酒时间,缩短醒酒时间,其中百杯散可明显改善大鼠血清ADH、ALDH活性和甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)及超氧化物歧化酶(super-oxide dismutase,SOD)含量(P<0.05);石膏汤可明显降低大鼠血清TG含量;橘皮汤能明显改善大鼠血清GSH、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量;葛根散可显著降低血乙醇浓度,改善大鼠血清或肝脏中ADH、ALDH、SOD活性及TG、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)、GSH、MDA含量(P<0.05或P<0.01);四首方均可不同程度减轻肝脏病理损伤程度,减少脂滴面积。②通过网络药理学方法,筛选出四首方治疗ALD共有78个靶点,其中肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、蛋白激酶B1(protein kinase B1,AKT1)、雌激素受体1(estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)、表皮因子生长受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、细胞色素P450 2C19(cytochrome P450 2C19,CYP2C19)、过氧化物酶体增生激活受体α(peroxisome proliferator activated receptorα,PPARα)可能是治疗ALD的重要靶点,京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes,KEGG) 通路富集分析可能通过PPAR、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)、TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH信号通路发挥药效作用。结论 四首古方均有一定解酒护肝作用,其中葛根散的作用更显著。四首方可能通过作用于TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH通路调节TNF、AKT1、细胞色素P450酶2E1(cytochrome P450 2E1,CYP2E1)、PPARα、ALDH等关键靶点,从而加速酒精代谢、改善脂质代谢、减轻氧化应激反应发挥治疗ALD的作用。

, correspAuthors=张金保, 赵文龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张金保,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师研究方向:中药药理作用及其机制研究 Tel:(0931)5161163;
赵文龙,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药资源开发与可持续利用研究 Tel:(0931)5161162
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其乐木格,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源评价、保护与可持续利用

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其乐木格,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源评价、保护与可持续利用

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2 Northwest Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Province Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center, Lanzhou 730000, China
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2 西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心, 兰州 730000
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Clin Liver Dis, 2012, 16(4):667-685., articleTitle=Alcohol metabolism, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1197098414119895196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, awardId=GS2021ZDA06, language=CN, fundingSource=中国工程院院地合作重大项目资助(GS2021ZDA06), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1197098414178615454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, awardId=Xbzzy-2022-03, language=CN, fundingSource=西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心开放基金资助(Xbzzy-2022-03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1197098414233141408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, awardId=20JR10RA330, language=CN, fundingSource=甘肃省自然科学基金项目资助(20JR10RA330), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1197098408914764789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197098408923153398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, companyId=1197098408914764789, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197098408931542008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, companyId=1197098408914764789, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 甘肃中医药大学药学院, 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1197098408981873659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197098408990262268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, companyId=1197098408981873659, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Northwest Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Province Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197098408994456573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, companyId=1197098408981873659, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心, 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1197098409053176831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197098409061565440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, companyId=1197098409053176831, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Gansu Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197098409078341632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, companyId=1197098409053176831, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 陇药产业创新研究院, 兰州 730000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1197098409149644802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197098409162227716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, companyId=1197098409149644802, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Gansu Engineering Research Center for Evaluation, Protection and Utilization of Rare Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lanzhou 730000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1197098409170616326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, companyId=1197098409149644802, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 甘肃省珍稀中药资源评价与保护利用工程研究中心, 兰州 730000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1197098411922079845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of four ancient prescriptions on blood ethanol concentration in drunken model rats. n=10, x -±s

1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01, compared with the model group.

, figureFileSmall=qNCxUm7Lfwt9VJsZgOqxyw==, figureFileBig=d1EV2yIOPtvooLQoa7Jyeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098411989188711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图1, caption=四首古方对醉酒模型大鼠血乙醇浓度的影响. n=10, x -±s

与模型组相比,1)P<0.05,2) P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=qNCxUm7Lfwt9VJsZgOqxyw==, figureFileBig=d1EV2yIOPtvooLQoa7Jyeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412068880490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of four ancient prescriptions on the general morphology of liver in drunken model rats, figureFileSmall=o12igGdfbsLN/0pfMK6dvw==, figureFileBig=oHBFnd9TGUidG94sGFV5Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412131795052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图2, caption=四首古方对醉酒模型大鼠肝脏大体形态的影响, figureFileSmall=o12igGdfbsLN/0pfMK6dvw==, figureFileBig=oHBFnd9TGUidG94sGFV5Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412203098222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of four ancient prescriptions on the pathological changes of rat liver tissue (HE staining,×200), figureFileSmall=+gQ8Olzr38OgvJVAp7bgSA==, figureFileBig=TLTrIk7c24tPn4Kb1j7PGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412261818480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图3, caption=四首古方对大鼠肝脏组织病理变化的影响(HE染色,×200), figureFileSmall=+gQ8Olzr38OgvJVAp7bgSA==, figureFileBig=TLTrIk7c24tPn4Kb1j7PGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412320538737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of four ancient prescriptions on pathological changes of liver tissue in rats(oil red O staining,×200), figureFileSmall=2+VZJeY6WSJy4X/yxJTTAg==, figureFileBig=/GRUjphUTNS0GTa3PVWP3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412391841907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图4, caption=四首古方对大鼠肝脏组织病理变化的影响(油红O 染色,×200), figureFileSmall=2+VZJeY6WSJy4X/yxJTTAg==, figureFileBig=/GRUjphUTNS0GTa3PVWP3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412454756469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of four ancient prescriptions on liver coefficient of drunken model rats. n=10, x -±s

1) P<0.05, compared with the control group.

, figureFileSmall=nPdAUi9ly+6z92zui2wOTg==, figureFileBig=myW/8P7qSOuWpqKwfxC0tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412530253943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图5, caption=四首古方对醉酒模型大鼠肝脏系数的影响. n=10, x -±s

与正常组相比,1)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=nPdAUi9ly+6z92zui2wOTg==, figureFileBig=myW/8P7qSOuWpqKwfxC0tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412597362809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of four ancient prescriptions on the activities of ADH and ALDH in serum and liver of drunken model rats. n=10, x -±s

1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01, compared with the control group;3)P<0.05,4)P<0.01, compared with the model group.

, figureFileSmall=9IYDAQARWtaYukgPksLhtA==, figureFileBig=PRMIfyGMtaBXZKMvP/2+xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412656083067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图6, caption=四首古方对醉酒模型大鼠血清及肝脏乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH)活性的影响. n=10, x -±s

与正常组相比,1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01;与模型组相比,3)P<0. 05,4)P<0. 01。

, figureFileSmall=9IYDAQARWtaYukgPksLhtA==, figureFileBig=PRMIfyGMtaBXZKMvP/2+xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412790300797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of four ancient prescriptions on the contents of TG and TC in serum and liver of drunken model rats. n=10, x -±s

1)P<0. 05,2)P<0. 01,compared with the control group;3)P<0.05, compared with the model group.

, figureFileSmall=OnGXXuXoHIFW9gpBvsTagg==, figureFileBig=6ZK7WflMo6vx0Bzk4WGycg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412849021055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图7, caption=四首古方对醉酒模型大鼠血清及肝脏甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)含量的影响. n=10, x -±s

与正常组相比,1)P<0.05,2)P<0.01;与模型组相比,3)P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=OnGXXuXoHIFW9gpBvsTagg==, figureFileBig=6ZK7WflMo6vx0Bzk4WGycg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412907741313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of four ancient prescription on the levels of GSH, GST, SOD and MDA in serum of drunken model rats. n=10, x -±s

1)P<0.05, compared with the control group;2)P<0.05,3)P<0.01, compared with the model group.

, figureFileSmall=PSATTK+WMsNuxHV/J73VZg==, figureFileBig=roILZukQijjHZXXoOX5cog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098412987433090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图8, caption=四首古方对醉酒模型大鼠血清谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)水平的影响. n=10, x -±s

与正常组相比,1)P<0.05;与模型组相比,2)P<0.05,3)P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=PSATTK+WMsNuxHV/J73VZg==, figureFileBig=roILZukQijjHZXXoOX5cog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413062930564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=“Drug-component-target” network diagrams of four ancient prescription

A-Baibei powder(BBP); B-Shigao decoction(SGD); C-Jupi decoction(JPD); D-Gegen powder(GGP).

, figureFileSmall=aH7FZ/CQcr53CXpsoCVOJA==, figureFileBig=MNh4B0XOtr78lRH9bx/toA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413121650822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图9, caption=四首解酒方“药物-成分-靶点”网络图

A-百杯散(BBP);B-石膏汤(SGD);C-橘皮汤(JPD);D-葛根散(GGP)。

, figureFileSmall=aH7FZ/CQcr53CXpsoCVOJA==, figureFileBig=MNh4B0XOtr78lRH9bx/toA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413176176776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=PPI network diagram of the core target of four ancient prescriptions in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease(ALD), figureFileSmall=QdW1qY0dR1gC8rdieN8V0Q==, figureFileBig=EjjsyFnNSmN2J4wcicd8Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413234897033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图10, caption=四首古方治疗酒精性肝病(ALD)的核心靶点蛋白互作网络(PPI)网络图, figureFileSmall=QdW1qY0dR1gC8rdieN8V0Q==, figureFileBig=EjjsyFnNSmN2J4wcicd8Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413339754635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Network construction of common components and targets of four ancient prescriptions, figureFileSmall=uQSR5BtfZpsugFxOOf/+tQ==, figureFileBig=qaw8kPyt4rFVM9s2z4qEVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413419446413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图11, caption=四首古方共有成分和靶点的网络构建, figureFileSmall=uQSR5BtfZpsugFxOOf/+tQ==, figureFileBig=qaw8kPyt4rFVM9s2z4qEVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413511721103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of four ancient prescriptions in the treatment of ALD, figureFileSmall=eYUBPLRxweCrk4TTIjrX8w==, figureFileBig=XzjAyb1BjIFypOUoZSj36Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413603995793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图12, caption=四首古方治疗ALD的京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析, figureFileSmall=eYUBPLRxweCrk4TTIjrX8w==, figureFileBig=XzjAyb1BjIFypOUoZSj36Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413679493267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=KEGG analysis of alcoholic liver disease pathway, figureFileSmall=dkx5+iELn0xK/Kr+PpW7dA==, figureFileBig=loeSv7eEQ9rfAUVOGgZ4Ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413754990741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=图13, caption=酒精性肝病通路KEGG分析, figureFileSmall=dkx5+iELn0xK/Kr+PpW7dA==, figureFileBig=loeSv7eEQ9rfAUVOGgZ4Ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1197098413826293911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Effects of four ancient prescriptions on drunkenness time and sober time in drunken model rats. n=10, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Project Days Model BBP SGD JPD GGP
Drunk time/min day1 93.33 ±6.66 105.67 ±4.73 102.00 ±11.31 99.75 ±9.18 109.50 ±17.14
day2 53.67 ±0.58 55.25 ±4.57 55.00 ±6.20 55.25 ±8.02 55.50 ±3.00
day3 45.00 ±16.46 64.67 ±23.16 64.40 ±12.78 63.60 ±12.86 67.80 ±2.681)
day4 53.33 ±21.13 89.50 ±10.381) 84.20 ±10.851) 85.00 ±9.081) 90.00 ±5.201)
day5 47.33 ±15.01 88.80 ±2.772) 75.75 ±33.12 88.33 ±3.211) 89.50 ±7.052)
day6 52.33 ±28.57 114.25 ±33.78 114.00 ±47.21 114.60 ±49.55 140.50 ±23.331)
Sober-up time/min day1 423.33 ±98.15 344.00 ±71.53 378.33 ±10.41 360.00 ±91.34 311.00 ±52.29
day2 468.00 ±7.07 371.50 ±37.851) 391.33 ±26.561) 395.33 ±16.201) 411.50 ±20.761)
day3 476.67 ±5.77 300.80 ±112.551) 261.40 ±121.731) 255.00 ±90.242) 260.50 ±73.11
day4 473.50 ±9.19 179.33 ±100.181) 160.50 ±47.381) 215.50 ±118.461) 338.25 ±60.071)
day5 420.00 ±84.85 235.00 ±60.021) 226.00 ±16.192) 153.20 ±53.602) 266.67 ±14.051)
day6 393.50 ±122.33 193.33 ±81.12 173.00 ±50.91 192.00 ±67.88 205.50 ±4.95
), ArticleFig(id=1197098413901791385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, articleId=1195664142821540468, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四首古方对醉酒模型大鼠醉酒时间和醒酒时间的影响. n=10, x -±s

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Project Days Model BBP SGD JPD GGP
Drunk time/min day1 93.33 ±6.66 105.67 ±4.73 102.00 ±11.31 99.75 ±9.18 109.50 ±17.14
day2 53.67 ±0.58 55.25 ±4.57 55.00 ±6.20 55.25 ±8.02 55.50 ±3.00
day3 45.00 ±16.46 64.67 ±23.16 64.40 ±12.78 63.60 ±12.86 67.80 ±2.681)
day4 53.33 ±21.13 89.50 ±10.381) 84.20 ±10.851) 85.00 ±9.081) 90.00 ±5.201)
day5 47.33 ±15.01 88.80 ±2.772) 75.75 ±33.12 88.33 ±3.211) 89.50 ±7.052)
day6 52.33 ±28.57 114.25 ±33.78 114.00 ±47.21 114.60 ±49.55 140.50 ±23.331)
Sober-up time/min day1 423.33 ±98.15 344.00 ±71.53 378.33 ±10.41 360.00 ±91.34 311.00 ±52.29
day2 468.00 ±7.07 371.50 ±37.851) 391.33 ±26.561) 395.33 ±16.201) 411.50 ±20.761)
day3 476.67 ±5.77 300.80 ±112.551) 261.40 ±121.731) 255.00 ±90.242) 260.50 ±73.11
day4 473.50 ±9.19 179.33 ±100.181) 160.50 ±47.381) 215.50 ±118.461) 338.25 ±60.071)
day5 420.00 ±84.85 235.00 ±60.021) 226.00 ±16.192) 153.20 ±53.602) 266.67 ±14.051)
day6 393.50 ±122.33 193.33 ±81.12 173.00 ±50.91 192.00 ±67.88 205.50 ±4.95
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四首古方解酒护肝作用对比及其机制初探
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其乐木格 1 , 杨宗慧 1 , 卫紫琪 1 , 段海婧 1 , 陈红刚 1, 2, 3 , 晋玲 1, 2, 3, 4 , 张金保 1, 3, 4, * , 赵文龙 1, 2, 3, 4, *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(2): 161-171
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(2): 161-171
四首古方解酒护肝作用对比及其机制初探
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其乐木格1, 杨宗慧1, 卫紫琪1, 段海婧1, 陈红刚1, 2, 3, 晋玲1, 2, 3, 4, 张金保1, 3, 4, *, 赵文龙1, 2, 3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃中医药大学药学院, 兰州 730000
  • 2 西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心, 兰州 730000
  • 3 陇药产业创新研究院, 兰州 730000
  • 4 甘肃省珍稀中药资源评价与保护利用工程研究中心, 兰州 730000
  • 其乐木格,女,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药资源评价、保护与可持续利用

通讯作者:

*张金保,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师研究方向:中药药理作用及其机制研究 Tel:(0931)5161163;
赵文龙,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药资源开发与可持续利用研究 Tel:(0931)5161162
Anti-Alcohol and Liver-Protecting Effects of Four Ancient Prescriptions and the Potential Mechanisms
QI Lemuge1, YANG Zonghui1, WEI Ziqi1, DUAN Haijing1, CHEN Honggang1, 2, 3, JIN Ling1, 2, 3, 4, ZHANG Jinbao1, 3, 4, *, ZHAO Wenlong1, 2, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2 Northwest Chinese and Tibetan Medicine Province Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 3 Gansu Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 4 Gansu Engineering Research Center for Evaluation, Protection and Utilization of Rare Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Lanzhou 730000, China
出版时间: 2024-01-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.02.008
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目的 对比百杯散、石膏汤、橘皮汤、葛根散四首古方的解酒护肝作用,并探讨四首古方治疗酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease,ALD)的潜在机制。方法 将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组及各给药组,并以56°白酒制备大鼠醉酒模型,给予各给药组大鼠灌胃中药水煎液,正常组和模型组灌胃纯净水,记录大鼠醉酒睡眠时间,测定大鼠血乙醇浓度及血清和肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)、乙醛脱氢酶(aldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH)活性等。网络药理学方法分析四首方治疗ALD的有效成分、关键靶点及信号通路等。结果 ①四首古方均可显著延长醉酒模型大鼠醉酒时间,缩短醒酒时间,其中百杯散可明显改善大鼠血清ADH、ALDH活性和甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)及超氧化物歧化酶(super-oxide dismutase,SOD)含量(P<0.05);石膏汤可明显降低大鼠血清TG含量;橘皮汤能明显改善大鼠血清GSH、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量;葛根散可显著降低血乙醇浓度,改善大鼠血清或肝脏中ADH、ALDH、SOD活性及TG、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)、GSH、MDA含量(P<0.05或P<0.01);四首方均可不同程度减轻肝脏病理损伤程度,减少脂滴面积。②通过网络药理学方法,筛选出四首方治疗ALD共有78个靶点,其中肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、蛋白激酶B1(protein kinase B1,AKT1)、雌激素受体1(estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)、表皮因子生长受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、细胞色素P450 2C19(cytochrome P450 2C19,CYP2C19)、过氧化物酶体增生激活受体α(peroxisome proliferator activated receptorα,PPARα)可能是治疗ALD的重要靶点,京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes,KEGG) 通路富集分析可能通过PPAR、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)、TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH信号通路发挥药效作用。结论 四首古方均有一定解酒护肝作用,其中葛根散的作用更显著。四首方可能通过作用于TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH通路调节TNF、AKT1、细胞色素P450酶2E1(cytochrome P450 2E1,CYP2E1)、PPARα、ALDH等关键靶点,从而加速酒精代谢、改善脂质代谢、减轻氧化应激反应发挥治疗ALD的作用。

解酒方  /  网络药理学  /  解酒护肝  /  作用机制

OBJECTIVE To compare the anti-alcohol and liver-protecting effects of four ancient prescriptions, Baibei powder, Shigao decoction, Jupi decoction and Gegen powder, and explore the potential mechanisms of the four ancient prescriptions in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). METHODS Rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and drug administration groups, and the rat drunken model was prepared with 56° liquor. The rats in each administration group were given Chinese medicine decoction by gavage, and the normal group and the model group were given pure water by gavage. The drunken sleep time of rats was recorded, and the blood ethanol concentration and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in serum and liver were measured. Network pharmacology method was used to analyze the effective components, key targets and signaling pathways of the four ancipent prescriptions in the treatment of ALD. RESULTS The four ancient prescriptions could significantly prolong the drunkenness time and shorten the sobering time of drunken model rats. Among them, Baibei powder could significantly increase the serum activities of ADH, ALDH and super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and improve triglyceride (TG) and glutathione (GSH) contents (P<0.05). Shigao decoction could significantly reduce the content of serum TG. Jupi decoction could significantly improve the serum GSH and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Gegen powder could significantly reduce the concentration of blood ethanol, improve the activities of ADH, ALDH and SOD and the contents of TG, total cholesterol (TC), glutathione S-transferase (GST), GSH and MDA in the serum or liver (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The four prescriptions could reduce the degree of liver pathological damage and reduce the area of lipid droplets to varying degrees. Through the network pharmacology analysis, a total of 78 targets were screened out for the treatment of ALD by the four prescriptions. Among them, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), protein kinase B1(AKT1), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cytochrome P450 2C19(CYP2C19) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptorα (PPARα) could be used as important targets for the treatment of ALD. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the ancient prescriptions may play a pharmacodynamic role through PPAR, AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The four prescriptions all have certain anti-alcohol and liver protection effects, and the effect of Gegen powder is more significant. The four prescriptions may regulate key targets such as TNF, AKT1, cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1), PPARα and ALDH by acting on the TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH pathway, thereby accelerating alcohol metabolism, improving lipid metabolism, and reducing oxidative stress.

Jiejiu prescription  /  network pharmacology  /  anti-alcohol and liver protection  /  action mechanism
其乐木格, 杨宗慧, 卫紫琪, 段海婧, 陈红刚, 晋玲, 张金保, 赵文龙. 四首古方解酒护肝作用对比及其机制初探. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (2) : 161 -171 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.02.008
QI Lemuge, YANG Zonghui, WEI Ziqi, DUAN Haijing, CHEN Honggang, JIN Ling, ZHANG Jinbao, ZHAO Wenlong. Anti-Alcohol and Liver-Protecting Effects of Four Ancient Prescriptions and the Potential Mechanisms[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (2) : 161 -171 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.02.008
饮酒是人们日常生活中一种普遍行为,全球范围内有超过23亿的人口存在饮酒行为[1],每年由于饮酒导致的死亡人数约330万,占全球死亡总数的5.9%[2]。长期过量饮酒可导致心脏病、肝硬化、恶性肿瘤等慢性疾病发生[3],肝脏作为代谢酒精的主要器官,自然最先受到伤害,酒精代谢产物及其所引起的肝细胞代谢紊乱可导致酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease,ALD)[4-5],临床上根据严重程度分为酒精性脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、酒精性肝纤维化、酒精性肝硬化及肝癌[6-7]。全球有关ALD的发病率及病死率呈上升趋势[8],且ALD相关死亡患者占全球总死亡患病人数的1%[9],给全球带来沉重的疾病负担,但目前临床上并没有针对ALD治疗的特效药[10]。因此,各国专家对ALD越来越关注和重视,相关研究工作愈加深入。
我国中医学对ALD的防治有悠久的历史[11],中医药古籍中记载的很多解酒护肝方剂代代相传、沿用至今,其作用机制具有多途径、多靶点、安全性高等特点。本研究通过查阅中医药古籍,筛选出四首明确记载解酒功效的方剂:明代《普济方》中可治“一切酒病”的百杯散,由甘遂、陈皮、葛花组成;宋代《圣济总录》中治“饮酒过多,大醉不醒”的石膏汤由石膏、葛根、生姜组成,治“饮酒过度,酒毒积于肠胃”的橘皮汤由陈皮、葛根、甘草、石膏组成;金代《儒门事亲》中治“饮酒过度,酒毒内蕴”的葛根散由葛根、葛花、甘草、贯众、砂仁组成。而目前关于这四首古方对解酒护肝作用的对比未见报道,其治疗ALD的共性机制更是尚未研究。因此,本研究通过动物实验对比考察四首古方解酒护肝的功能,并通过网络药理学方法探讨四首古方治疗ALD的共性作用机制,以期为研发解酒护肝功能的药物提供参考。
60只SPF级大鼠,雄性,体质量180~200 g(中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所),动物生产许可证号:SCXK (甘) 2020-0002。
BS110S电子天平(北京赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司);3K15低温离心机(德国Sigma公司);MultiskanTMGO全波长酶标仪(赛默飞世尔科技有限公司);IKA旋转蒸发仪(德国IKA公司);SHB-Ⅲ循环水式多用真空泵(郑州长城科工贸有限公司);Thermo冰冻切片机(美国Thermo公司);切片刀(上海徕卡仪器有限公司);显微镜成像系统(日本尼康)。
56°红星二锅头(北京红星股份有限公司,批号:20200109);乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH)试剂盒(批号:ml003351)、乙醛脱氢酶(aldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH)试剂盒(批号:ml003348)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)试剂盒(批号:ml063305)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)试剂盒(批号:ml058866)(上海酶联生物);甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)试剂盒(批号:A110-1-1)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)试剂盒(批号:A111-1-1)、血乙醇测定试剂盒、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)试剂盒(批号:E036-1-1)、超氧化物歧化酶(super-oxide dismutase,SOD)试剂盒(批号:A001-3-2);水合氯醛(天津市大茂化学试剂厂,批号:20190915);4%多聚甲醛固定液(赛国生物科技有限责任公司,批号:22105339);异丙醇(国药集团化学试剂有限公司,批号:80109218);油红染液(批号:G1015)、苏木素-伊红染液(批号:G1004)、分化液批号:G1039、返蓝液批号:G1040、甘油明胶封片剂(批号:G1402)(赛维尔生物科技有限公司)。
实验方剂包括百杯散(Baibei powder, BBP)、石膏汤(Shigao decoction, SGD)、橘皮汤(Jupi decoction, JPD)和葛根散(Gegen powder, GGP)组方药材(甘肃中医药大学附属医院),按原方比例制备水煎剂,浓缩后备用。根据动物药理实验用药折算方法,以成人常规用量折合实验大鼠用药量。
取60只雄性健康大鼠随机分为6组,每组10只,分别为正常组(Control)、模型组(Molel)、百杯散组(BBP)、石膏汤组(SGD)、橘皮汤组(JPD)、葛根散组(GGP)。连续7 d按体积10 mL·kg-1给予大鼠灌胃四首解酒方,正常组灌胃等体积蒸馏水。给药30 min后,各给药组和模型组按8 mL·kg-1灌胃大鼠 56°红星二锅头白酒,间隔30 min重复灌胃大鼠白酒8 mL·kg-1,正常组灌胃等体积蒸馏水。于第7天给予大鼠灌酒1、2、3 h后进行眼眶取血,室温下静置血样1 h,在4 ℃下以4 000 r·min-1的速率离心10 min后吸取上清液,-20 ℃冰箱保存备用。处死大鼠后迅速取出肝脏并称重,观察肝脏大体形态,计算肝脏指数见公式1。
$ \text { 肝指数 }(\%)=\text { 肝质量/末次大鼠体质量 } \times 100 \%$
取位置相同的肝左叶按照1∶9(肝质量:生理盐水体积)的比例加入生理盐水研磨至肝脏匀浆,于4 ℃,4 000 r·min-1离心20 min后取上清液,-20 ℃冰箱保存备用。剪取部分大小相同的肝右叶置于4%多聚甲醛中固定。
于每日给予大鼠灌酒30 min后参照文献方法[12-13]进行醉酒睡眠实验。当大鼠出现爬行不稳、后腹拖地记为醉酒指标,行动自如、反应敏捷记为醒酒指标,计算醉酒时间(min,从灌酒至入睡的时间)及醒酒时间(min,从入睡到苏醒的时间)。其活动情况未表现出醉酒的动物以0 min进行计算,8 h未恢复者以480 min进行计算。
将大鼠于灌酒后1、2、3 h后采集的血清按照试剂盒说明书采用紫外分光光度法检测大鼠血中乙醇浓度。
肝组织经4%多聚甲醛中固定后,进行脱水、包埋和切片用于苏木素-伊红(HE)和油红O染色,在显微镜下观察肝脏病理变化。
按照试剂盒说明书酶联免疫法测定大鼠血清和肝匀浆样本中ADH、ALDH、GST及GSH水平,采用微板法测定TG、TC、SOD及MDA水平。
采用SPSS 25.0软件和Graphpad Prism 9.3.1软件进行数据处理和绘图。数据正态分布检验采用Shapiro-Wilk检验。组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),方差齐时采用LSD法,方差不齐采用Tamhane's T2法。Tukey检验进行显著性分析,统计显著性设为P<0.05或P<0.01。
通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)对四首古方有效成分进行初步筛选,其中筛选条件为类药性(drug likeness,DL)≥0.18、口服生物利用度(oral bioavailability,OB)≥30%。同时对筛选出的有效成分进行靶点预测,利用UniProt对筛选出的靶点蛋白进行名称标准化。
在GeneCards数据库检索获取ALD的相关靶点,检索关键词“alcoholic liver disease”获取ALD的相关疾病靶点,并将得到的四首古方有效成分靶点数据集与ALD的疾病靶点放入到String 数据在线分析平台(www.string-db.org),在“multipe proteins”一栏的“Organism”选项中选择人类基因(H·sapiens)进行蛋白质之间的相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络分析,设置“score”大于0.4,隐藏孤立蛋白,得到 PPI网络图。
将四首古方靶点及对应有效成分汇总整理于Excel表格中,并合并四首古方靶点取交集,同时筛选靶点对应的有效成分,将四首古方交集的靶点及对应成分导入Cytoscape 3.8.2软件中构建网络关系图。
将四首古方治疗ALD的所有靶点输入STRING数据库,选择“Multiple proteins”,物种选择“H·sapiens”,下载tsv格式文件,导入Cytoscape 3.8.2软件中构建 PPI 网络,根据度值获得 治疗ALD的核心靶点。
运用Metascape 数据库(www.metascape.org)进行基因功能分析,“Analysis as species”选取为人类基因(H·sapiens),将四首古方共同靶点数据集带入到基因列表中进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO) 功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes,KEGG) 通路富集分析,将运行结果下载保存,并绘制相应的气泡图。采用中位数筛选的方法将ALD相关靶点导入DAVID数据库中进行KEGG Pathway分析,并选取hsa04936:Alcoholic liver disease通路,将其中所包含的基因导入STRING数据库中进行PPI互作分析。
正常组大鼠活动正常,毛色发亮;造模后大鼠毛色枯槁,喜扎堆,反应能力下降。
对模型组和给药组给予白酒灌胃模拟大鼠醉酒实验。由表1可知,与模型组相比,各给药组的醉酒时间和醒酒时间有了明显的改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),由此可见,四首方均对醉酒大鼠具有一定的防醉和解酒功效。
与模型组相比,在灌胃大鼠白酒2 h和3 h后,各给药组血乙醇浓度降低,其中葛根散组在灌胃2、3 h后血乙醇浓度显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),见图1
大鼠肝脏大体形态见图2,正常组大鼠肝脏颜色鲜红,大小适中,模型组大鼠的肝脏颜色变暗淡,提示为酒精性肝损伤的病理改变,包括肝细胞坏死及汇管区及小叶内淋巴细胞浸润灶等[14],各给药组大鼠肝脏与正常组总体一致。
从HE染色结果可见,正常组肝细胞结构清晰完整,规则排列,形态圆形,核位于中央,胞浆分染,形态正常(图3)。模型组肝细胞界限不清,胞质出现水肿,胞浆染色变混,可见广泛的空泡变性。与模型组相比,各给药组的肝细胞水肿有所减小,细胞间界限以及粘连情况也有好转,肝细胞不规则排列得到缓解。
油红O染色结果(图4)显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠肝细胞内分布大量红色脂滴,大小不一;各给药组红色脂滴较模型组有所减少,其中葛根散组大鼠肝细胞内脂滴与正常组接近。
与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝脏系数显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,给药组肝脏系数均不同程度地降低,但无显著性差异,见图5
与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清、肝脏中的ADH、ALDH活性均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组相比,百杯散组大鼠血清中ADH、ALDH活性均明显升高(P<0.05),葛根散组大鼠血清和肝脏中ADH、ALDH活性更明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),见图6
与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清和肝脏TG含量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组比较,百杯散、石膏汤、葛根散组大鼠血清TG含量显著降低(P<0.05),葛根散组大鼠肝脏TG含量显著降低(P<0.05);与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝脏TC含量显著升高,(P<0.05或P<0.01),给药组TC含量均下降,但无显著性差异。见图7
与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清中的GSH、GST含量和SOD活性显著下降,MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,橘皮汤组大鼠血清GSH含量显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著下降(P<0.05);百杯散组大鼠血清GSH含量和SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),MDA含量显著下降(P<0.05);葛根散组大鼠血清GST、GSH含量和SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),MDA含量显著下降(P<0.05),见图8
利用STRING 平台和Cytoscape 软件得到四首古方潜在靶点的 PPI网络度值第1的靶点分别为SRC、热休克蛋白90阿尔法家族 A类成员1(heat shock protein90 alpha family class a member 1,HSP90αA1)、原癌基因酪氨酸蛋白激酶 (proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase,SRC)、蛋白激酶B1(protein kinase B1,AKT1)(图9)。对四首古方的潜在靶点进行交集,得到78个共有靶点,导入STRING 平台和Cytoscape软件得到的PPI网络(图10),度值排名前6的靶点分别为肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)、AKT1、雌激素受体1(estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)、表皮因子生长受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)、细胞色素P450 2C19(cytochrome P450 2C19,CYP2C19)、过氧化物酶体增生激活受体α(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α,PPARα)。
在四首古方网络图中(图11)共包含78个靶基因节点和53个活性成分节点。经网络特征分析筛选出度值前三的关键有效成分,分别为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、sitosterol(谷甾醇)及formononetin(刺芒柄花素)。其中,紫色节点表示药物活性成分,橙色节点表示药物靶点,每条边表示彼此之间相互作用关系。
四首古方的KEGG通路富集筛选得到115条信号通路,主要包括serotonergic synapse、nitrogen metabolism、microRNAs in cancer、PPAR、AMPK等信号通路,见图12。为进一步理解ALD发病机制,本研究对从GeneCards数据库中搜索得到的ALD 9 084个相关靶点采用中位数筛选方法得到284个基因,并将hsa04936:Alcoholic liver disease通路所包含的18个基因导入STRING数据库中进行PPI互作分析,见图13。结果发现,ALD发病机制主要作用于TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH信号通路,相关靶点主要包括CYP2E1、PPARα、AKT1、ADH、ALDH、TNF、核转录因子κB(nuclear transcription factorkappa B,NF-κB)等。
乙醇在肝脏内首先被ADH与细胞色素P450酶2E1(CYP2E1)代谢为乙醛,乙醛经ALDH代谢为乙酸,最后经过三羧酸循环分解代谢为H2O和C O 2 15。本研究发现,四首方均可加快大鼠的醒酒时间,百杯散和葛根散可以显著提高大鼠体内ADH、ALDH活性,在灌胃大鼠白酒2 h和3 h后,葛根散组大鼠血乙醇浓度下降明显,提示葛根散可通过提高ADH、ALDH活性,加速乙醇代谢并降低血乙醇浓度。当乙醇致肝脏损害时会导致肝组织炎性肿胀,肝脏重量增加,导致肝脏系数增大。模型组大鼠的肝脏组织边缘界限模糊,脂肪变性增加,血清和肝脏中的TG、TC含量及肝脏系数增加,表明给予大鼠灌胃白酒已造成大鼠肝细胞破坏以及肝脏内脂肪堆积。而各给药组大鼠的肝细胞肿胀和脂肪变性均有所改善,其中百杯散、石膏汤、葛根散组大鼠血清TG含量明显降低,TC含量也有一定程度的下降,表明百杯散、石膏汤、葛根散都能有一定改善脂质代谢的作用。酒精代谢过程中还会产生过量自由基和MDA等脂质过氧化物大量积聚,为干预氧化应激损伤,内源性抗氧化物质如SOD、GSH、GST等大量消耗,削弱机体的抗氧化能力,不能有效地清除自由基,使自由基增加,进一步导致肝细胞坏死,并最终造成严重的肝损伤[16-18]。模型组大鼠血清中抗氧化物质GSH、GST和SOD水平显著降低,提示乙醇使肝脏清除自由基能力下降,氧化和抗氧化平衡被打破。橘皮汤组大鼠血清GSH含量显著升高,百杯散组血清GSH、SOD水平显著升高,葛根散组大鼠血清GST、GSH和SOD水平均显著升高,3组大鼠体内MDA含量均明显下降,提示3首方能够一定程度提高肝脏的抗氧化能力,防止酒精引起的过氧化损伤从而保护肝脏。综合以上结果,葛根散能够促进肝脏的抗氧化能力,使其从酒精引起的氧化损伤中得到保护,并恢复平稳状态,其解酒护肝作用更为明显和全面。
本研究运用网络药理学的方法发现,四首古方治疗ALD的重要成分为β-谷甾醇,有文献报道β-谷甾醇可通过提高GSH水平,减轻脂质蓄积造成的肝细胞的过氧化损伤,增强细胞的解毒功能[19-20],这个成分可以作为治疗ALD药物研究的重要参考。四首方由于组方差异,治疗ALD靶点也有不同,百杯散、橘皮汤中重要靶点SRC的激活可导致肝、肾、肺的纤维化[21]。石膏汤在酒精性肝硬化中可抑制HSP90AA1进而降低NLRP3炎性体活性使炎症细胞因子分泌减少,减轻炎症反应[22]。在暴饮酒精所致的肝损伤中,葛根散中重要靶点AKT1可促进纤维化标志物的表达,降低AKT1蛋白在机体的表达,能有效抑制肝癌细胞增殖,并促使其凋亡[23]。四首古方治疗ALD的共同重要靶点以直接或者间接方式涉及ALD的发病机制。过量乙醇摄入会增加ROS的生成并引起肝脏氧化应激反应和脂质过氧化反应[24],同时还会刺激肝脏Kupffer细胞分泌TNF促进肝脏炎症并抑制ADH1和ALDH2 的活性和表达,从而影响酒精代谢[25-26],在动物实验中以ADH和ALDH作为重要指标,考察四首方的酒精代谢效果。过量饮酒之后会促使肝细胞内质网中的微粒体乙醇氧化系统(MEOS)过度运转,并大量损耗体内CYP2E1,引起机体内代谢废物的累积导致肝损伤,此外,其他CYP酶系也有助于MEOS活性增强[27-28],基于此,在动物实验中考察了四首方对有害物质的清除能力,选取了GSH、GST、SOD抗氧化指标评价四首方的抗氧化能力。另外,乙醇通过PPARα的表达及破坏PPARα蛋白的功能抑制甘油三酯合成,最终引起脂质代谢障碍而进一步加重肝损伤[29],在动物实验中我们将TG、TC作为考察四首方脂质代谢功能的重要指标。
对四首方潜在靶点进行KEGG富集分析也发现PPAR信号通路与治疗ALD密切相关,PPARα和PPARγ可促进肝脏脂肪变性及炎症,从而导致酒精诱导的肝损伤[30-31]。另外,当大量酒精摄入超出机体ADH、ALDH的代谢能力时导致的氧化应激反应可通过抑制AMPK的表达激活脂质合成途径,使肝脏TG积累增多,促进脂肪肝形成[32]。为了更好地理解四首古方治疗ALD 的作用机制,本研究将ALD关键靶点进行了KEGG分析,发现ALD发病机制主要作用于TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH信号通路,主要包括酒精代谢和炎症两个方面。酒精代谢主要包括CYP2E1和ADH、ALDH等酶[33],酒精代谢破坏PPARα功能引起肝细胞脂肪变性,引发肝细胞炎症并且诱导肝细胞凋亡,并过NF-κB通路在Kupffer细胞等固有免疫细胞中产生TNF等促炎因子,导致肝细胞炎症。动物实验表明,四首古方可不同程度改善大鼠体内ADH、ALDH、TG及TC水平,提示四首古方可能通过TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH信号通路调节TNF、AKT1、CYP2E1、PPARα、ALDH等关键靶点加速酒精代谢及调控脂质代谢发挥抗ALD作用。
综上所述,四首古方均有一定的解酒护肝作用,其中葛根散的解酒护肝作用较为明显和全面,进一步通过网络药理学对四首方的作用机制进行探讨,发现四首解酒方可能通过作用于TNF/PPARα-CYP2E1-ALDH通路调节TNF、AKT1、CYP2E1、PPARα、ALDH等关键靶点,从而加速酒精代谢、改善脂质代谢、减轻氧化应激反应发挥治疗ALD的作用。四首古方治疗ALD具有多成分、多靶点和多途径的特点,可为研发解酒护肝功能的药物提供参考。
  • 中国工程院院地合作重大项目资助(GS2021ZDA06)
  • 西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心开放基金资助(Xbzzy-2022-03)
  • 甘肃省自然科学基金项目资助(20JR10RA330)
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2024年第59卷第2期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.02.008
  • 接收时间:2023-06-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2024-01-22
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-12
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中国工程院院地合作重大项目资助(GS2021ZDA06)
西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心开放基金资助(Xbzzy-2022-03)
甘肃省自然科学基金项目资助(20JR10RA330)
作者信息
    1 甘肃中医药大学药学院, 兰州 730000
    2 西北中藏药省部共建协同创新中心, 兰州 730000
    3 陇药产业创新研究院, 兰州 730000
    4 甘肃省珍稀中药资源评价与保护利用工程研究中心, 兰州 730000

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*张金保,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师研究方向:中药药理作用及其机制研究 Tel:(0931)5161163;
赵文龙,男,博士,副教授,硕士生导师 研究方向:中药资源开发与可持续利用研究 Tel:(0931)5161162
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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