Article(id=1195664139931661304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195664138694341616, articleNumber=1001-2494(2024)02-0136-06, orderNo=null, doi=10.11669/cpj.2024.02.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1679328000000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762998145324, onlineDateStr=2025-11-13, pubDate=1705852800000, pubDateStr=2024-01-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762998145324, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762998145324, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762998145324, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1195664138694341616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, year='2024', volume='59', issue='2', pageStart='101', pageEnd='190', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762998145030, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762998511460, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1195665675697045692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195664138694341616, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1195665675701239997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, issueId=1195664138694341616, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=136, endPage=141, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1195664140116210681, articleId=1195664139931661304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=EN, title=Chemical Constituents of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from Moringa oleifera leaves. METHODS The chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from Moringa oleifera leaves were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods. The structures of isolated compounds were identified by MS and NMR data. DPPH and ABTS were used to test the antioxidant activities of the compounds in vitro. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and identified as icariside B1 (1), (3S)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-[3-oxo-(2S)-butenylideny]-1, 1, 5-trimethylcyclohexan-(5R)-ol (2), icariside B2 (3), 9-hydroxy-megastigma-4, 7-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), tectorigenin (5), tectoridin (6), iristectorin A (7), iristectorin B (8), 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylpyridine (9), androsin (10), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), 1-O-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (12), benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13) and methyl 2-[4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) phenyl] acetate (14), respectively. Among them, compounds 6, 7 and 8 had certain antioxidant activities, but the activities were weaker than that of vitamin C as positive control. CONCLUSION Compounds 2-11 are isolated from Moringa genus for the first time.

, correspAuthors=LIU Yue, ZHANG Lanzhen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=ZHOU Lipeng, LUO Xiaowei, WANG Shukai, CHANG Zihao, HU Qian, LIU Yuqi, GAO Ye, CHEN Yinxin, WANG Baojin, HUANG Ya, WANG Zhaohui, CUI Yitong, LIU Yue, ZHANG Lanzhen), CN=ArticleExt(id=1195664253660213331, articleId=1195664139931661304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1190317699101192196, language=CN, title=辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究, columnId=1190352405612040510, journalTitle=中国药学杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分,并初步评价其抗氧化活性。方法 运用各种色谱技术对辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分进行分离和纯化,并依据质谱、核磁共振等波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构;采用2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(DPPH)和2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)法测试各化合物的体外抗氧化活性。结果 从辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到14个化合物,分别为淫羊藿次苷B1(1)、(3S)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-[3-oxo-(2S)-butenylideny]-1,1,5-trimethylcyclohexan-(5R)-ol(2)、淫羊藿次苷B2(3)、9-hydroxy-megastigma-4,7-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)、鸢尾苷元(5)、鸢尾苷(6)、鸢尾甲苷A(7)、鸢尾甲苷B(8)、5-羟基-2-羟甲基吡啶(9)、草夹竹桃苷(10)、3,4,5-三甲氧基-1-O-β-D-苯酚葡萄糖苷(11)、1-O-(4-羟甲基苯基) α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(12)、苄基-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13)以及methyl 2-[4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) phenyl] acetate(14)。其中化合物678具有一定的抗氧化活性,但均弱于阳性对照维生素C的活性。结论 化合物2~11为首次从辣木属植物中分离得到。

, correspAuthors=刘越, 张兰珍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘越,男,博士,讲师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量控制研究 Tel:(010)53912129;
张兰珍,女,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量控制研究 Tel:(010)53912129
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周立鹏,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药药效物质基础研究

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周立鹏,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药药效物质基础研究

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周立鹏,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药药效物质基础研究

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辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究
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周立鹏 , 雒晓卫 , 王树楷 , 常子豪 , 胡倩 , 刘宇琦 , 高晔 , 陈尹心 , 王保锦 , 黄雅 , 王朝慧 , 崔艺彤 , 刘越 * , 张兰珍 *
中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024,59(2): 136-141
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中国药学杂志 | 论著 2024, 59(2): 136-141
辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究
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周立鹏, 雒晓卫, 王树楷, 常子豪, 胡倩, 刘宇琦, 高晔, 陈尹心, 王保锦, 黄雅, 王朝慧, 崔艺彤, 刘越*, 张兰珍*
作者信息
  • 北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488
  • 周立鹏,男,硕士研究生 研究方向:中药药效物质基础研究

通讯作者:

*刘越,男,博士,讲师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量控制研究 Tel:(010)53912129;
张兰珍,女,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量控制研究 Tel:(010)53912129
Chemical Constituents of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves
ZHOU Lipeng, LUO Xiaowei, WANG Shukai, CHANG Zihao, HU Qian, LIU Yuqi, GAO Ye, CHEN Yinxin, WANG Baojin, HUANG Ya, WANG Zhaohui, CUI Yitong, LIU Yue*, ZHANG Lanzhen*
Affiliations
  • School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
出版时间: 2024-01-22 doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.02.005
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目的 研究辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分,并初步评价其抗氧化活性。方法 运用各种色谱技术对辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分进行分离和纯化,并依据质谱、核磁共振等波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构;采用2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(DPPH)和2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)法测试各化合物的体外抗氧化活性。结果 从辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到14个化合物,分别为淫羊藿次苷B1(1)、(3S)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-[3-oxo-(2S)-butenylideny]-1,1,5-trimethylcyclohexan-(5R)-ol(2)、淫羊藿次苷B2(3)、9-hydroxy-megastigma-4,7-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)、鸢尾苷元(5)、鸢尾苷(6)、鸢尾甲苷A(7)、鸢尾甲苷B(8)、5-羟基-2-羟甲基吡啶(9)、草夹竹桃苷(10)、3,4,5-三甲氧基-1-O-β-D-苯酚葡萄糖苷(11)、1-O-(4-羟甲基苯基) α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(12)、苄基-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13)以及methyl 2-[4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) phenyl] acetate(14)。其中化合物678具有一定的抗氧化活性,但均弱于阳性对照维生素C的活性。结论 化合物2~11为首次从辣木属植物中分离得到。

辣木叶  /  结构鉴定  /  异黄酮  /  抗氧化

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from Moringa oleifera leaves. METHODS The chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from Moringa oleifera leaves were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods. The structures of isolated compounds were identified by MS and NMR data. DPPH and ABTS were used to test the antioxidant activities of the compounds in vitro. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Moringa oleifera leaves and identified as icariside B1 (1), (3S)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-[3-oxo-(2S)-butenylideny]-1, 1, 5-trimethylcyclohexan-(5R)-ol (2), icariside B2 (3), 9-hydroxy-megastigma-4, 7-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), tectorigenin (5), tectoridin (6), iristectorin A (7), iristectorin B (8), 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylpyridine (9), androsin (10), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), 1-O-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (12), benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13) and methyl 2-[4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) phenyl] acetate (14), respectively. Among them, compounds 6, 7 and 8 had certain antioxidant activities, but the activities were weaker than that of vitamin C as positive control. CONCLUSION Compounds 2-11 are isolated from Moringa genus for the first time.

Moringa oleifera Leaf  /  structure identification  /  isoflavone  /  antioxidant activity
周立鹏, 雒晓卫, 王树楷, 常子豪, 胡倩, 刘宇琦, 高晔, 陈尹心, 王保锦, 黄雅, 王朝慧, 崔艺彤, 刘越, 张兰珍. 辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究. 中国药学杂志, 2024 , 59 (2) : 136 -141 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.02.005
ZHOU Lipeng, LUO Xiaowei, WANG Shukai, CHANG Zihao, HU Qian, LIU Yuqi, GAO Ye, CHEN Yinxin, WANG Baojin, HUANG Ya, WANG Zhaohui, CUI Yitong, LIU Yue, ZHANG Lanzhen. Chemical Constituents of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2024 , 59 (2) : 136 -141 . DOI: 10.11669/cpj.2024.02.005
辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)为白花菜目辣木科辣木属的植物,是多年生热带、亚热带落叶乔木。原产于印度和非洲,因其根部等部位具有辛辣味,故称为辣根树,简称辣木,而辣木叶为其干燥叶,味甘、性凉[1-2]。现代研究表明,辣木叶中化学成分主要包括黄酮[3]、生物碱[4]、异硫氰酸酯[5]、多酚类[6],同时辣木叶具有抗氧化[7]、降尿酸[8]、抗肿瘤[9]、降血糖[10]以及保肝[11]等药理活性。2012年原中华人民共和国卫生部公告,根据《中华人民共和国食品安全法》和《新资源食品管理办法》有关规定,批准辣木叶为新资源食品。因此,进一步开展辣木叶化学成分研究,为提高辣木叶经济价值以及开发利用辣木叶植物资源提供依据。
本课题基于前期对辣木叶化学成分和药理活性研究的基础[8,12],运用聚酰胺、硅胶以及反相十八烷基硅烷(ODS)等色谱方法从辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位分离鉴定了14个化合物,其中化合物2~11为首次从辣木属植物中分离得到见图1。同时,采用DPPH和ABTS法对分离得到的化合物的抗氧化活性进行初步筛选。
Bruker Advance NEO-400 MHz型超导核磁共振仪,Bruker Advance NEO-600 MHz型超导核磁共振仪(德国Bruker公司);赛默飞Q Exactive FOCUS质谱仪(美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司);SHIMADZU制备型高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司);Kromasil Eternity XT 5-C18反相色谱柱(瑞典Kromasil公司);N-1300旋转蒸发仪(上海爱朗仪器有限公司);NVP-1000型隔膜真空泵(上海爱朗仪器有限公司);AX124ZH型十万分之一电子分析天平(常州市奥豪斯仪器有限公司);柱色谱聚酰胺(上海源叶生物科技有限公司);柱色谱用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(ODS)(日本YMC公司);Sephadex LH-20(瑞典GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB公司);柱色谱硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂);甲醇(色谱纯);石油醚、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、正丁醇和甲醇(分析纯);2,2-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和维生素C(上海源叶生物科技有限公司)。
辣木叶药材购自安徽九里香药材有限责任公司,产地云南,经北京中医药大学中药鉴定系刘春生教授鉴定为辣木科辣木属植物辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam. Encycl.)的干燥叶。
取辣木叶29.8 kg,10倍量体积分数80%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2 h,合并提取液,浓缩至无醇味后得到总浸膏7.67 kg。总浸膏以水分散依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得到乙酸乙酯部位899.5 g。乙酸乙酯进行硅胶柱色谱分离,并采用二氯甲烷:甲醇(1∶0→0∶1)进行梯度洗脱,得到8个流分(Fr.1~Fr.8)。Fr.2(195 g)经硅胶柱色谱分离,以二氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶0→0∶1,)梯度洗脱,得到8个流分(Fr.2-1~Fr.2-8)。Fr.2-1(78 g)经反相ODS柱和制备型HPLC纯化后得到化合物5(10.8 mg)。Fr.4(146 g)经硅胶柱色谱分离,以二氯甲烷-甲醇(50∶1→0∶1)梯度洗脱,得到6个流分(Fr.4-1~Fr.4-6)。Fr.4-1(24.5 g)经反相ODS柱和制备型HPLC纯化后得到化合物3(12.2 mg)、化合物13(13.2 mg)和化合物14(12.1 mg)。Fr.4-2(43.5 g)经聚酰胺柱色谱分离,以二氯甲烷-甲醇(40∶1→0∶1)梯度洗脱,得到6个流分(Fr.4-2-1~Fr.4-2-6)。Fr.4-2-1(4.9 g)经反相ODS柱和制备型HPLC纯化后得到化合物4(7.1 mg)、化合物9(10.3 mg)、化合物10(8.7 mg)和化合物11(7.0 mg)。Fr.4-2-3(28 g)经反相ODS柱和制备型HPLC纯化后得到化合物6(13.0 mg)、化合物7(13.0 mg)、化合物8(15.7 mg)和化合物12(15.7 mg)。Fr.4-2-4(10.4 g)经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱、反相ODS柱和制备型HPLC纯化后得到化合物1(18.2 mg)和化合物2(10.4 mg)。
化合物1:白色无定形粉末,m.p. 117~118 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 409 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(600 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ:1.97(1H,m,H-2a), 1.33(1H,m,H-2b), 4.16(1H,m,H-3), 2.24(1H,m,H-4a), 1.27(1H,m,H-4b), 5.77(1H,s,H-8), 2.11(3H,s,H-10), 1.32(3H,s,H-11), 1.28(3H,s,H-12), 1.07(3H,s,H-13), 4.24(1H,d,J=7.7 Hz,H-1'), 2.89(1H,m,H-2'), 3.17(1H,m,H-3'), 3.10(1H,m,H-4'), 3.05(1H,m,H-5'), 3.65(1H,m,H-6'a), 3.44(1H,m,H-6'b)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ:35.5(C-1), 46.9(C-2), 70.7(C-3), 46.0(C-4), 70.4(C-5), 118.6(C-6), 209.1(C-7), 99.7(C-8), 197.8(C-9), 26.1(C-10), 28.7(C-11), 30.3(C-12), 31.6(C-13), 101.3(C-1'), 73.5(C-2'), 76.8(C-3'), 70.0(C-4'), 76.8(C-5'), 61.0(C-6')。以上数据与文献[13]报道的淫羊藿次苷B1(icariside B1)对照基本一致。
化合物2:白色无定形粉末,ESI-MS m/z: 409 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ:1.97(1H,br d,J=14.5 Hz,H-2a), 1.23(1H,overlapped,H-2b), 4.16(1H,m,H-3), 2.21(1H,overlapped,H-4a), 1.23(1H,overlapped,H-4b), 5.84(1H,s,H-8), 2.21(3H,s,H-10), 1.05(3H,s,H-11), 1.37(3H,s,H-12), 1.27(3H,s,H-13), 4.23(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1'), 2.88~3.17(4H,m,H-2'~5'), 3.68(1H,m,H-6'a), 3.46(1H,m,H-6'b)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ:35.4(C-1), 46.9(C-2), 70.9(C-3), 46.1(C-4), 70.5(C-5), 118.4(C-6), 208.9(C-7), 100.0(C-8), 199.0(C-9), 26.7(C-10), 31.8(C-11), 28.6(C-12), 30.4(C-13), 101.7(C-1'), 73.5(C-2'), 76.8(C-3'), 70.0(C-4'), 76.8(C-5'), 61.0(C-6')。以上数据与文献[14]报道的(3S)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-[3-oxo-(2S)-butenylideny]-1,1,5-trimethylcyclohexan-(5R)-ol对照基本一致。
化合物3:白色无定形粉末,m.p. 100~101 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 409 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ:1.69(1H,dd,J=15.1,8.5 Hz,H-2a), 2.34(1H,dd,J=14.3,6.4 Hz,H-2b), 3.77(1H,m,H-3), 1.28(1H,m,H-4a), 1.60(1H,br d,J=13.0 Hz,H-4b), 7.09(1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-7), 6.02(1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-8), 2.25(3H,s,10-CH3), 1.15(3H,s,11-CH3), 1.13(3H,s,12-CH3), 0.87(3H,s,13-CH3), 4.19(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-1'), 2.87~3.66(6H,m,H-2'~6')。13C-NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ:34.5(C-1), 43.8(C-2), 69.8(C-3), 36.7(C-4), 66.6(C-5), 69.1(C-6), 143.3(C-7), 132.4(C-8), 197.5(C-9), 27.4(C-10), 28.8(C-11), 25.1(C-12), 19.8(C-13), 101.0(C-1'), 73.5(C-2'), 76.8(C-3'), 70.1(C-4'), 76.8(C-5'), 61.0(C-6')。以上数据与文献[15]报道的淫羊藿次苷B2(icariside B2)对照基本一致。
化合物4:白色无定形粉末,m.p. 153~154 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 405 [M + Cl]-1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD) δ: 2.47(1H,d,J=16.7 Hz,H-2a), 2.05(1H,d,J=16.7 Hz,H-2b), 5.88(1H,m,H-4), 2.69(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-6), 5.75(1H,dd,J=15.8,9.8 Hz,H-7), 5.58(1H,dd,J=15.8,7.1 Hz,H-8), 4.47(1H,m,H-9), 1.28(3H,d,J=5.7 Hz,10-CH3), 0.99(3H,s,11-CH3), 1.03(3H,s,12-CH3), 1.98(3H,s,13-CH3), 4.28(1H,d,J=8.2 Hz,H-1'), 3.23(1H,m,H-2'), 3.26(1H,m,H-3'), 3.21(1H,m,H-4'), 3.16(1H,m,H-5'), 3.84(1H,br d,J=11.7 Hz,H-6'a), 3.62(1H,m,H-6'b)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD) δ:37.2(C-1), 202.0(C-3), 126.2(C-4), 165.7(C-5), 56.9(C-6), 131.2(C-7), 137.0(C-8), 74.8(C-9), 22.2(C-10), 27.4(C-11), 28.0(C-12), 23.9(C-13), 101.2(C-1'), 74.9(C-2'), 78.3(C-3'), 71.7(C-4'), 78.2(C-5'), 62.8(C-6')。以上数据与文献[16]报道的 9-hydroxy-megastigma-4, 7-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside对照基本一致。
化合物5:黄色无定形粉末, m.p. 215~216 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 299 [M-H]-1H-NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:8.26(1H, s, H-2), 6.41(1H, s, H-8), 13.02(1H, s, 5-OH), 3.73(3H, s, 6-OCH3), 7.36(2H, d, J=8.6 Hz, H-2', 6'), 6.81(2H, d, J=8.6 Hz, H-3', 5');13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:153.1(C-2), 121.4(C-3), 180.2(C-4), 157.4(C-5), 131.9(C-6), 153.7(C-7), 94.2(C-8), 153.1(C-9), 104.0(C-10), 59.7(6-OCH3), 121.6(C-1'), 130.2(C-2', 6'), 115.1(C-3', 5'), 157.4(C-4')。以上数据与文献[17]报道的鸢尾苷元(tectorigenin)对照基本一致。
化合物6:白色无定形粉末, m.p. 272~273 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 497 [M+Cl]-1H-NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:8.45(1H, s, H-2), 6.89(1H, s, H-8), 12.94(1H, s, 5-OH), 3.77(3H, s, 6-OCH3), 7.40(2H, d, J=8.7 Hz, H-2', 6'), 6.83(2H, d, J=8.7 Hz, H-3', 5'), 9.62(1H, s, 4'-OH), 5.09(1H, d, J=7.7 Hz, H-1″), 3.33(1H, m, H-2″), 3.30(1H, m, H-3″), 3.19(1H, m, H-4″), 3.46(1H, m, H-5″), 3.47(1H, m, H-6″a), 3.72(1H, m, H-6″b)。13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:154.8(C-2), 122.9(C-3), 180.2(C-4), 152.9(C-5), 132.5(C-6), 156.7(C-7), 94.5(C-8), 152.1(C-9), 105.3(C-10), 60.3(6-OCH3), 121.1(C-1'), 130.2(C-2', 6'), 115.1(C-3', 5'), 157.5(C-4'), 99.5(C-1″), 73.2(C-2″), 76.7(C-3″), 68.6(C-4″), 77.8(C-5″), 61.2(C-6″)。以上数据与文献[18]报道的鸢尾苷(tectoridin)对照基本一致。
化合物7:黄色无定形粉末, m.p. 212~214 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 527 [M+Cl]-1H-NMR(600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:8.41(1H, s, H-2), 6.83(1H, s, H-8), 12.94(1H, s, 5-OH), 3.79(3H, s, 6-OCH3), 7.05(1H, d, J=2.0 Hz, H-2'), 6.98(1H, overlapped, H-5'), 6.98(1H, overlapped, H-6'), 9.13(1H, brs, 3'-OH), 3.76(3H, s, 4'-OCH3), 5.08(1H, d, J=6.8 Hz, H-1″), 3.18(1H, m, H-2″), 4.63(1H, m, H-3″), 3.48(1H, m, H-4″), 3.71(1H, m, H-5″), 3.44(2H, m, H-6″)。13C-NMR(150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:152.6(C-2), 123.3(C-3), 180.5(C-4), 154.8(C-5), 132.7(C-6), 156.5(C-7), 93.7(C-8), 152.9(C-9), 106.7(C-10), 60.2(6-OCH3), 122.0(C-1'), 112.0(C-2'), 146.2(C-3'), 147.8(C-4'), 116.4(C-5'), 119.9(C-6'), 55.7(3'-OH), 100.2(C-1″), 73.2(C-2″), 76.7(C-3″), 69.7(C-4″), 77.3(C-5″), 60.7(C-6″)。以上数据与文献[19]报道的鸢尾甲苷A(iristectorin A)对照基本一致。
化合物8:黄色无定形粉末, m.p. 212~214 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 527 [M+Cl]-1H-NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:8.45(1H, s, H-2), 6.86(1H, s, H-8), 12.92(1H, s, 5-OH), 3.78(3H, s, 6-OCH3), 7.14(1H, d, J=2.3 Hz, H-2'), 6.82(1H, d, J=8.1 Hz, H-5'), 6.98(1H, dd, J=8.1, 2.3 Hz, H-6'), 3.75(3H, s, 3'-OCH3), 9.09(1H, brs, 4'-OH), 5.08(1H, d, J=6.4 Hz, H-1″), 3.17(1H, m, H-2″), 4.60(1H, m, H-3″), 3.46(1H, m, H-4″), 3.71(1H, m, H-5″), 3.44(2H, m, H-6″)。13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:152.5(C-2), 122.2(C-3), 180.7(C-4), 154.9(C-5), 132.5(C-6), 156.6(C-7), 94.0(C-8), 106.6(C-10), 60.3(6-OCH3), 121.7(C-1'), 113.3(C-2'), 146.8(C-3'), 147.3(C-4'), 115.3(C-5'), 121.5(C-6'), 55.7(3'-OCH3), 100.1(C-1″), 73.2(C-2″), 76.7(C-3″), 69.7(C-4″), 77.3(C-5″), 60.7(C-6″)。以上数据与文献[19]报道的鸢尾甲苷B(iristectorin B)对照基本一致。
化合物9:白色无定形粉末, m.p. 139~141 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 126 [M+H]+1H-NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:7.23(1H, d, J=9.5 Hz, H-3), 7.12(1H, dd, J=2.9, 9.5 Hz, H-4), 7.98(1H, d, J=2.9 Hz, H-6), 4.42(2H, s, H-7)。13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:151.6(C-2), 122.6(C-3), 121.1(C-4), 152.9(C-5), 136.6(C-6), 64.0(C-7)。以上数据与文献[20]报道的5-羟基-2-羟甲基吡啶(5-hydroxyl-2-hydroxymethylpyridine)对照基本一致。
化合物10:白色粉末, m.p. 199~200 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 351 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:7.46(1H, d, J=2.4 Hz, H-2), 7.17(1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, H-5), 7.58(1H, d, J=8.4, 2.4 Hz, H-6), 2.54(3H, s, H-8), 3.82(3H, s, 3-OCH3), 5.06(1H, d, J=7.2 Hz, H-1'), 3.17~3.49(5H, m, H-2'~5', 6'b), 3.67(1H, m, H-6'a)。13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:130.8(C-1), 110.9(C-2), 150.6(C-3), 148.7(C-4), 114.1(C-5), 122.7(C-6), 196.5(C-7), 26.5(C-8), 55.6(OCH3), 99.4(C-1'), 73.1(C-2'), 77.1(C-3'), 69.5(C-4'), 76.8(C-5'), 60.6(C-6')。以上数据与文献[21]报道的草夹竹桃苷(androsin)对照基本一致。
化合物11:白色粉末, m.p. 201~202 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 369 [M+Na]+1H-NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:6.37(2H, s, H-2, 6), 3.73(6H, s, 3, 5-OCH3), 3.58(3H, s, 4-OCH3), 4.77(1H, d, J=7.5 Hz, H-1'), 3.33(1H, m, H-2'), 3.22(1H, m, H-3'), 3.09(1H, m, H-4'), 3.22(1H, m, H-5'), 3.70(1H, m, H-6'a), 3.42(1H, m, H-6'b)。13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:154.0(C-1), 94.3(C-2, 6), 153.1(C-3, 5), 132.3(C-4), 55.7(3, 5-OCH3), 60.1(4-OCH3), 101.0(C-1'), 73.3(C-2'), 76.9(C-3'), 70.1(C-4'), 77.3(C-5'), 60.9(C-6')。以上数据与文献[22]报道的3, 4, 5-三甲氧基-1-O-β-D-苯酚葡萄糖苷(3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)对照基本一致。
化合物12:白色无定形粉末, ESI-MS m/z: 305 [M+Cl]-1H-NMR(600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:7.23(2H, d, J=8.3 Hz, H-2, 6), 6.97(2H, d, J=8.3 Hz, H-3, 5), 4.41(2H, s, H-7), 5.33(1H, d, J=1.8 Hz, H-1'), 3.81(1H, m, H-2'), 3.64(1H, m, H-3'), 3.27(1H, m, H-4'), 3.46(1H, m, H-5'), 1.09(3H, d, J=6.2 Hz, H-6')。13C-NMR(150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:135.9(C-1), 127.9(C-2, 6), 116.2(C-3, 5), 154.9(C-4), 62.5(C-7), 98.5(C-1'), 70.3(C-2'), 70.5(C-3'), 71.8(C-4'), 69.4(C-5'), 17.9(C-6')。以上数据与文献[23]报道的1-O-(4-羟甲基苯基) α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(1-O-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside)对照基本一致。
化合物13:白色无定形粉末, m.p. 123~125 ℃。ESI-MS m/z: 305 [M+Cl]-1H-NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:7.26~7.45(5H, m, H-1~5), 4.83(1H, d, J=12.2 Hz, H-7a), 4.58(1H, d, J=12.5 Hz, H-7b), 4.23(1H, d, J=7.7 Hz, H-1'), 3.01~3.15(4H, m, H-2'~5'), 3.71(1H, m, H-6'a), 3.46(1H, m, H-6'b)。13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:70.1(C-1), 127.4(C-2), 128.2(C-3, 7), 127.6(C-4, 6), 138.1(C-5), 102.1(C-1'), 73.5(C-2'), 76.8(C-3'), 69.5(C-4'), 77.0(C-5'), 61.2(C-6')。以上数据与文献[24]报道的苄基-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)对照基本一致。
化合物14:白色无定形粉末, ESI-MS m/z: 347 [M+Cl]-1H-NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:7.18(2H, d, J=8.3 Hz, H-2, 6), 6.97(2H, d, J=8.3 Hz, H-3, 5), 3.59(2H, s, H-7), 3.60(3H, s, H-9), 5.33(1H, brs, H-1'), 3.81(1H, m, H-2'), 3.63(1H, m, H-3'), 3.27(1H, m, H-4'), 3.46(1H, m, H-5'), 1.09(3H, d, J=5.3 Hz, H-6')。13C-NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ:127.7(C-1), 130.5(C-2, 6), 116.4(C-3, 5), 155.1(C-4), 39.5(C-7), 171.9(C-8), 51.7(C-9), 98.5(C-1'), 70.3(C-2'), 70.5(C-3'), 71.8(C-4'), 69.5(C-5'), 18.0(C-6')。以上数据与文献[25]报道的methyl 2-[4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) phenyl] acetate对照基本一致。
采用2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺醇)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除实验筛选从辣木叶中分离得到的化合物,实验方法参考文献[26],分别配置20 mL 7.0 mmol·L-1 ABTS-乙醇溶液与20 mL 5 mmol·L-1 K2S2O8-乙醇溶液,等体积混匀后室温避光保存12~16 h,得到ABTS储备液。取1.25 mL储备液至25 mL量瓶,加蒸馏水定容,得到ABTS工作液。取20 μL不同浓度的样品溶液和200 μL ABTS工作液置于96孔板中混匀,37 ℃避光孵育6 min,用酶标仪在734 nm处测定吸光度为Ai。同时测定20 μL不同浓度的样品溶液和200 μL水溶液混合后的吸光度为Aj,以消除样品本身颜色的影响;以及20 μL无水乙醇和200 μL ABTS工作液混合后的吸光度为Ac,作为空白组。以上各组分别做三组平行实验,以维生素C作为阳性对照,并按公式1计算:
$ \text { ABTS 自由基清除率(%)}=[1-(A \mathrm{i}-A \mathrm{j}) / A \mathrm{c}] \times 100 \%$
采用DPPH自由基清除实验筛选从辣木叶中分离得到的化合物,实验方法参考文献[26],配置50 mL 0.2 mmol·L-1 DPPH-乙醇溶液作为工作液,避光保存。取50 μL不同浓度的样品溶液和100 μL DPPH工作液置于96孔板中混匀,37 ℃避光孵育30 min,用酶标仪在517 nm处测定吸光度为Ai。同时测定50 μL不同浓度的样品溶液和100 μL水溶液混合后的吸光度为Aj,以消除样品本身颜色的影响;以及50 μL无水乙醇和100 μL DPPH工作液混合后的吸光度为Ac,作为空白组。以上各组分别做三组平行实验,以维生素C作为阳性对照,并按公式2计算:
$ \text { DPPH 自由基清除率(%)}=[1-(A \mathrm{i}-A \mathrm{j}) / A \mathrm{c}] \times 100 \%$
结果显示,化合物678表现出对ABTS有较好的清除能力,其中化合物8作用最强,IC50为(83.73±0.61) μmol·L-1;化合物7次之,IC50为(120.73±3.61) μmol·L-1;化合物6最弱,IC50为(205.40±6.1) μmol·L-1。其他化合物几乎对ABTS自由基无清除作用,同时,阳性对照维生素C对ABTS的IC50为(70.03±0.39) μmol·L-1
结果显示,只有化合物8表现出对DPPH有较弱的清除能力,IC50为(207.73±15.45) μmol·L-1。其他化合物几乎对DPPH自由基无清除作用,同时,阳性对照维生素C对DPPH的IC50为(68.03±2.08) μmol·L-1
辣木叶作为新资源食品,被誉为素食黄金、植物中的钻石,不仅能增进营养,也能广泛应用于医药、食疗保健等方面。本研究对辣木叶乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分进行分离和纯化,共鉴定出14个化合物,包括4个萜类化合物、4个异黄酮类化合物,1个吡啶类生物碱和5个简单酚苷类化合物,其中10个化合物为首次从辣木属植物中分离得到,分别是(3S)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-[3-oxo-(2S)-butenylideny]-1,1,5-trimethylcyclohexan-(5R)-ol、淫羊藿次苷B2、9-hydroxy-megastigma-4,7-dien-3-one-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside、鸢尾苷元、鸢尾苷、鸢尾甲苷A、鸢尾甲苷B、5-羟基-2-羟甲基吡啶、草夹竹桃苷和3,4,5-三甲氧基-1-O-β-D-苯酚葡萄糖苷。辣木叶目前已分离得到了大量的黄酮类化合物[1],也表现出抗氧化[27]、降尿酸[8]以及降血糖[28]等活性,而异黄酮类化合物在辣木叶中报道相对较少。同时ABTS和DPPH抗氧化活性测试结果表明,异黄酮类化合物也是辣木叶中抗氧化活性来源,丰富了辣木叶作为一种食品氧化剂的物质基础。本实验进一步丰富了辣木叶化学成分类型的多样性,也为继续对辣木叶的药效物质基础研究奠定了基础,同时,也对辣木叶作为新资源食品的进一步开发利用提供了一定的借鉴。
  • 北京中医药大学纵向科研发展基金项目资助(2022-ZXFZJJ-001)
参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第59卷第2期
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doi: 10.11669/cpj.2024.02.005
  • 接收时间:2023-03-21
  • 首发时间:2025-11-13
  • 出版时间:2024-01-22
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-21
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北京中医药大学纵向科研发展基金项目资助(2022-ZXFZJJ-001)
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    北京中医药大学中药学院, 北京 102488

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*刘越,男,博士,讲师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量控制研究 Tel:(010)53912129;
张兰珍,女,博士生导师 研究方向:中药药效物质基础与质量控制研究 Tel:(010)53912129
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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