Article(id=1284538908243374472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, issueId=1284538886084870196, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12360/CPB202505077, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766246400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-21, revisedDate=1773590400000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1784187541304, onlineDateStr=2026-07-16, pubDate=1779206400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1784187541304, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1784187541304, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1784187541304, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1284538886084870196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, year='2026', volume='42', issue='5', pageStart='801', pageEnd='1000', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779206400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1784187536021, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784273851637, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1284900920131564388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, issueId=1284538886084870196, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1284900920131564389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, issueId=1284538886084870196, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=965, endPage=973, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1284538908436312457, articleId=1284538908243374472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, language=EN, title=The molecular mechanism of Bufei Yishen decoction in intervening mitochondrial damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 signaling pathway, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Aim

To investigate the interventional effects of the Bu-fei Yi-shen Formula(BYF)on airway mitochondrial damage in rats with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

Forty rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, COPD model, BYF, and Doxofylline (DOX). From week 1 to week 8, stable COPD was induced by twice-daily exposure to cigarette smoke (30 minutes each time) combined with intranasal instillation of Klebsiella pneumoniae (once weekly). From week 9 to week 16, the control and COPD model groups were administered normal saline by gavage at a dose of 2 mL per rat. The BYF and DOX groups received 2 mL of BYF or DOX, respectively, by gavage. In week 16, tissue samples were collected. Subsequently, the degree of mitochondrial damage in lung tissues of COPD rats was evaluated from multiple dimensions, including pulmonary function, histopathology and ultrastructure of lung tissue, mitochondrial membrane potential, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and mRNA and protein expression levels of IP3R, GRP75, and VDAC1.

Results

Compared with the control group, the COPD group showed significantly lower pulmonary function indices(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Histopathological examination revealed typical COPD-related alterations, including alveolar rarefaction, rupture and fusion of alveolar walls, thickening and corrugation of bronchial walls, accompanied by extensive inflammatory cell infiltration. The mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissues of the COPD group was significantly reduced, and the activities of respiratory chain complexes II and IV decreased(P < 0.05). Serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), transforming growth factor- β1(TGF-β1), and interleukin-6(IL-6)were significantly elevated(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of IP3R, GRP75, and VDAC1 in lung tissues were significantly elevated in the COPD group compared with the control group(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). These pathological alterations were alleviated to varying degrees in the treatment groups, with the BYF group demonstrating greater improvement than the DOX group.

Conclusion

BYF alleviates chronic inflammation and mitochondrial damage in rats with COPD, and its underlying mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 signaling pathway.

, authors=Zi-han SHEN1, 2, Zheng-yuan FAN1, 3, Gao-feng LI1, 2, Li MA1, 2, Ya LI1, 3, Su-yun LI1, 4, authorsList=Zi-han SHEN, Zheng-yuan FAN, Gao-feng LI, Li MA, Ya LI, Su-yun LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Su-yun LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin.All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1284538910046925209, articleId=1284538908243374472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, language=CN, title=基于IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1信号通路探讨补肺益肾方干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病线粒体损伤的分子机制, columnId=1284538908528587146, journalTitle=中国药理学通报, columnName=复方药物药理学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究补肺益肾方对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)稳定期大鼠气道线粒体损伤的干预作用。

方法

将40只大鼠随机分为对照(Control)组、模型(COPD)组、补肺益肾(Bu-Fei Yi-Shen formula,BYF)组、多索茶碱(Doxofylline,DOX)组。第1~8周通过香烟烟雾暴露(每天2次,每次30 min)联合肺炎克雷伯杆菌滴鼻感染(每周1次)建立COPD模型,第9~16周对照组和模型组给予生理盐水灌胃,每只2 mL;治疗组则分别给予BYF和DOX灌胃。第16周进行动物取材,之后通过检测肺功能、肺组织病理、超微结构、线粒体膜电位、呼吸链复合物酶活性和IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 mRNA及蛋白水平等多维度评估COPD大鼠肺组织线粒体损伤程度。

结果

与Control组相比,COPD组肺功能指标明显降低(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。病理学特征显示为典型COPD改变,包括肺泡结构疏松,肺泡壁破裂融合,支气管壁增厚皱缩,并伴有大量炎细胞浸润。COPD组肺组织膜电位明显降低、呼吸链复合物Ⅱ、Ⅳ酶活性下降(P < 0.05)。血清白介素-1(interleukin 1,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、白介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)水平明显升高(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。肺组织中IP3R、GRP75、VDAC1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显高于Control组(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。各治疗组可不同程度地改善上述表现,其中BYF组优于DOX组。

结论

补肺益肾方能够改善COPD大鼠慢性炎症反应和线粒体损伤,其作用机制可能与抑制IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1信号通路有关。

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沈子涵(2001-),女,硕士生,研究方向:中医药防治呼吸系统疾病,E-mail:

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李素云(1965-),女,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:中医药防治呼吸疾病与中药药理基础,通信作者,E-mail:
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A: TV; B: MV; C: PEF; D: EF50;E: TV at week 16;F: MV at week 16;G: PEF at week 16;H: EF50 at week 16;I: FVC; J: FEV0.1; K: FEV0.1/FVC. Con-trol: Control group; COPD: COPD group; BYF: Bu-fei Yi-shen group; DOX: Doxophylline group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs COPD group.

, figureFileSmall=jH+ByptFDBCFVbm8Vfc2LA==, figureFileBig=DwrXwAGC+D8YevqNFlxdXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538914815848920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=iaFpgs1AT7LeBZDc6dJvnQ==, figureFileBig=q8yz/0jr+CAmWrh0KQtjNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538914895540697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=Pathological changes in rat lung tissue(x±s, n=6)

Control: Control group; COPD: COPD group; BYF: Bu-fei Yi-shen group; DOX: Doxophylline group.

, figureFileSmall=iaFpgs1AT7LeBZDc6dJvnQ==, figureFileBig=q8yz/0jr+CAmWrh0KQtjNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915117838810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LlvrGAWKnfHjFxMmxEwY8A==, figureFileBig=GSOY+h88a1cyrKLuGZVBKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915189141979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=Ultrastructure of lung tissue in each group of rats(x±s, n=6)

Control: Control group; COPD: COPD group; BYF: Bu-fei Yi-shen group; DOX: Doxophylline group.

, figureFileSmall=LlvrGAWKnfHjFxMmxEwY8A==, figureFileBig=GSOY+h88a1cyrKLuGZVBKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915256250844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pHCkPBfzhoh3MCW0df4qSg==, figureFileBig=zZgFVQTBFaoZ6U9Qq9GSBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915335942621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=Inflammatory cytokine levels(x±s, n=6)

A: IL-6;B: TGF-β1;C: TNF-α; D: IL-1β. Control: Control group; COPD: COPD group; BYF: Bu-fei Yi-shen group; DOX: Doxophylline group. **P < 0.01 vs Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs COPD group.

, figureFileSmall=pHCkPBfzhoh3MCW0df4qSg==, figureFileBig=zZgFVQTBFaoZ6U9Qq9GSBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915415634398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TgY7naDpGY12bUHa4qEpWQ==, figureFileBig=BRL688M8tEc5nWB5oqoung==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915482743263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes in mitochondrial function related indicators in each group of rats(x±s, n=3)

A: Respiratory chain complexⅡ; B: Respiratory chain complexⅣ; C: Mitochondrial membrane potential; D: Effects of Bu-Fei Yi-Shen formula on the membrane potential of rat mitochondria. Control: Control group; COPD: COPD group; BYF: Bu-fei Yi-shen group; DOX: Doxophylline group. **P < 0.01 vs Control group; ##P < 0.01 vs COPD group; △△P < 0.01 vs BYF group.

, figureFileSmall=TgY7naDpGY12bUHa4qEpWQ==, figureFileBig=BRL688M8tEc5nWB5oqoung==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915554046432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RYYZIthkOhmAdG6chVsuFg==, figureFileBig=QjzTuvg3MpMWAnJ8LZ0niQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915646321121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=mRNA expression of IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 pathway related indicators in lung tissues of rats in different groups(x±s, n=3)

Relative mRNA expression level in lung tissues of rats in each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs COPD group.

, figureFileSmall=RYYZIthkOhmAdG6chVsuFg==, figureFileBig=QjzTuvg3MpMWAnJ8LZ0niQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915713429986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dZuNElfjM6ZKu1J9WRivzQ==, figureFileBig=NEcA/NSb2aS9zMnT5AHHSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538915944116707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=Comparison of IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 pathway protein expression in lung tissues of rats in different groups(x±s, n=3)

A: Expression of protein in rat lung tissue; B: IP3R, GRP75 and VDAC1 protein expression in rat lung tissues of each group. Control: Control group; COPD: COPD group; BYF: Bufei Yishen group; DOX: Doxophylline group. **P < 0.01 vs Control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 vs COPD group.

, figureFileSmall=dZuNElfjM6ZKu1J9WRivzQ==, figureFileBig=NEcA/NSb2aS9zMnT5AHHSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284538916007031268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence(5′to 3′)
IP3R(ITPR1)ForwardCGAATGGATTTATCAGCACCTT
ReverseACCGCATCTGTTGTACTGTTGG
GRP75(HSPA9)ForwardGAGAAGTGATCCTGGTTGGTGG
ReverseCATCTGTAACATCACCAGCCAAC
VDAC1ForwardAATAGCAGCCAAGTATCAGGTCG
ReverseATTGACGTTCTTGCCATCCAG
GAPDHForwardCTGGAGAAACCTGCCAAGTATG
ReverseGGTGGAAGAATGGGAGTTGCT
), ArticleFig(id=1284538916065751525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840314070798358, articleId=1284538908243374472, language=CN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GenePrimer sequence(5′to 3′)
IP3R(ITPR1)ForwardCGAATGGATTTATCAGCACCTT
ReverseACCGCATCTGTTGTACTGTTGG
GRP75(HSPA9)ForwardGAGAAGTGATCCTGGTTGGTGG
ReverseCATCTGTAACATCACCAGCCAAC
VDAC1ForwardAATAGCAGCCAAGTATCAGGTCG
ReverseATTGACGTTCTTGCCATCCAG
GAPDHForwardCTGGAGAAACCTGCCAAGTATG
ReverseGGTGGAAGAATGGGAGTTGCT
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基于IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1信号通路探讨补肺益肾方干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病线粒体损伤的分子机制
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沈子涵 1, 2 , 范正媛 1, 3 , 李高峰 1, 2 , 马丽 1, 2 , 李亚 1, 3 , 李素云 1, 4
中国药理学通报 | 复方药物药理学 2026,42(5): 965-973
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中国药理学通报 |复方药物药理学 2026 , 42 (5) : 965 -973
基于IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1信号通路探讨补肺益肾方干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病线粒体损伤的分子机制
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沈子涵1, 2 , 范正媛1, 3, 李高峰1, 2, 马丽1, 2, 李亚1, 3, 李素云1, 4
作者信息
  • 1河南中医药大学第一附属医院呼吸科,河南 郑州 450000
  • 2河南中医药大学第一临床医学院,河南 郑州 450000
  • 3河南中医药大学第一附属医院中药药理(呼吸)实验室,河南 郑州 450000
  • 4河南中医药大学呼吸病研究所,河南 郑州 450000
通讯作者:
李素云(1965-),女,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:中医药防治呼吸疾病与中药药理基础,通信作者,E-mail:
作者简介:

沈子涵(2001-),女,硕士生,研究方向:中医药防治呼吸系统疾病,E-mail:

The molecular mechanism of Bufei Yishen decoction in intervening mitochondrial damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 signaling pathway
Zi-han SHEN1, 2 , Zheng-yuan FAN1, 3, Gao-feng LI1, 2, Li MA1, 2, Ya LI1, 3, Su-yun LI1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1Respiratory Dept, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
  • 2the First Clinical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
  • 3Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Pharmacology(Respiratory Disease), the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
  • 4Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
出版时间: 2026-05-20 doi: 10.12360/CPB202505077
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目的

探究补肺益肾方对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)稳定期大鼠气道线粒体损伤的干预作用。

方法

将40只大鼠随机分为对照(Control)组、模型(COPD)组、补肺益肾(Bu-Fei Yi-Shen formula,BYF)组、多索茶碱(Doxofylline,DOX)组。第1~8周通过香烟烟雾暴露(每天2次,每次30 min)联合肺炎克雷伯杆菌滴鼻感染(每周1次)建立COPD模型,第9~16周对照组和模型组给予生理盐水灌胃,每只2 mL;治疗组则分别给予BYF和DOX灌胃。第16周进行动物取材,之后通过检测肺功能、肺组织病理、超微结构、线粒体膜电位、呼吸链复合物酶活性和IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 mRNA及蛋白水平等多维度评估COPD大鼠肺组织线粒体损伤程度。

结果

与Control组相比,COPD组肺功能指标明显降低(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。病理学特征显示为典型COPD改变,包括肺泡结构疏松,肺泡壁破裂融合,支气管壁增厚皱缩,并伴有大量炎细胞浸润。COPD组肺组织膜电位明显降低、呼吸链复合物Ⅱ、Ⅳ酶活性下降(P < 0.05)。血清白介素-1(interleukin 1,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、白介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)水平明显升高(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。肺组织中IP3R、GRP75、VDAC1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显高于Control组(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。各治疗组可不同程度地改善上述表现,其中BYF组优于DOX组。

结论

补肺益肾方能够改善COPD大鼠慢性炎症反应和线粒体损伤,其作用机制可能与抑制IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1信号通路有关。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病  /  补肺益肾方  /  肺功能  /  线粒体损伤  /  炎症反应  /  IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1
Aim

To investigate the interventional effects of the Bu-fei Yi-shen Formula(BYF)on airway mitochondrial damage in rats with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

Forty rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, COPD model, BYF, and Doxofylline (DOX). From week 1 to week 8, stable COPD was induced by twice-daily exposure to cigarette smoke (30 minutes each time) combined with intranasal instillation of Klebsiella pneumoniae (once weekly). From week 9 to week 16, the control and COPD model groups were administered normal saline by gavage at a dose of 2 mL per rat. The BYF and DOX groups received 2 mL of BYF or DOX, respectively, by gavage. In week 16, tissue samples were collected. Subsequently, the degree of mitochondrial damage in lung tissues of COPD rats was evaluated from multiple dimensions, including pulmonary function, histopathology and ultrastructure of lung tissue, mitochondrial membrane potential, activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and mRNA and protein expression levels of IP3R, GRP75, and VDAC1.

Results

Compared with the control group, the COPD group showed significantly lower pulmonary function indices(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Histopathological examination revealed typical COPD-related alterations, including alveolar rarefaction, rupture and fusion of alveolar walls, thickening and corrugation of bronchial walls, accompanied by extensive inflammatory cell infiltration. The mitochondrial membrane potential in lung tissues of the COPD group was significantly reduced, and the activities of respiratory chain complexes II and IV decreased(P < 0.05). Serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), transforming growth factor- β1(TGF-β1), and interleukin-6(IL-6)were significantly elevated(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of IP3R, GRP75, and VDAC1 in lung tissues were significantly elevated in the COPD group compared with the control group(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). These pathological alterations were alleviated to varying degrees in the treatment groups, with the BYF group demonstrating greater improvement than the DOX group.

Conclusion

BYF alleviates chronic inflammation and mitochondrial damage in rats with COPD, and its underlying mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 signaling pathway.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  /  Bu-fei Yi-shen decoction  /  pulmonary function  /  mito- chondrial dysfunction  /  inflammatory reaction  /  IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1
沈子涵, 范正媛, 李高峰, 马丽, 李亚, 李素云. 基于IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1信号通路探讨补肺益肾方干预慢性阻塞性肺疾病线粒体损伤的分子机制. 中国药理学通报, 2026 , 42 (5) : 965 -973 . DOI: 10.12360/CPB202505077
Zi-han SHEN, Zheng-yuan FAN, Gao-feng LI, Li MA, Ya LI, Su-yun LI. The molecular mechanism of Bufei Yishen decoction in intervening mitochondrial damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 signaling pathway[J]. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin, 2026 , 42 (5) : 965 -973 . DOI: 10.12360/CPB202505077
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)作为一种以气流受限为主要特征的异质性疾病,具有高发病率及高死亡率的特点,慢性炎症和氧化应激在COPD疾病进程中起着关键作用[1-2]。肺部作为呼吸系统的核心器官,极易受到外界环境因素的侵袭,例如吸烟、氧化性气体以及微细颗粒等[3]。这些有害物质进入肺部后,会引发局部炎症,导致大量中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞增殖,加剧炎症反应,并可直接穿透肺泡上皮屏障,攻击肺泡上皮细胞的线粒体膜结构,导致膜电位下降,呼吸链复合体功能受损[4-5]。线粒体作为内源性氧化物的主要来源,香烟等有害因素可致线粒体呼吸链复合物失活、电子传递功能异常,伴随膜电位降低与线粒体功能损伤。这一过程可引发蛋白质结构损害和炎症反应等病理改变,内源性氧化物的生成量不断增加,对细胞内蛋白质结构造成破坏,引发细胞坏死以及一系列炎症反应[6]。因此,肺泡上皮细胞线粒体功能损伤在COPD疾病进展中发挥关键作用[7]
1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇受体(inositol1,4,5-trisphos-phate receptors,IP3R)是内质网膜上的钙离子(cal-cium ion,Ca2+)释放通道,能够调控细胞内的Ca2+稳态。Ca2+可借助IP3R,以及线粒体外膜的电压依赖性阴离子通道(voltage-dependent anion channel 1,VDAC1),从内质网释放并最终转运至线粒体。既往研究显示,VDAC1通过线粒体相关内质网膜接触位点(mitochondrial associated ER membrane,MAM)区域上连接的葡萄糖调节蛋白(glucose-related pro- 人Tubulin抗体(ab7291)、IP3R抗体(19962-1-AP)、tein 75,GRP75),与IP3R形成物理性结合;GRP75 GRP75抗体(14887-1-AP)、VDAC1抗体(10886-1-直接调节钙从内质网到线粒体的转移,这三者具有AP);qPCR Master Mix(G3321)、RNA提取试剂盒严格的分子识别与功能互补性[8-10]。在COPD中,长(19221ES50)、RNA逆转录试剂盒(11151ES10)购于期香烟烟雾暴露及细菌感染会诱导内质网应激和上海翌圣公司。q-PCR相关试剂:大鼠和人引物序IP3R的过度激活,释放过量的Ca2+。作为内质网-线粒体间Ca2+传递的核心分子机制,IP3R/GRP75/成;ELISA相关试剂盒:TNF-α(RA20035)、IL-1βVDAC1复合物介导大量Ca2+进入线粒体,导致线粒体基质内Ca2+超载,进而抑制电子传递链(electron transport chain,ETC)功能,增加活性氧(ROS)生成从而加剧氧化应激[8, 11]。此外,该过程还会诱导肺泡上皮细胞凋亡,炎症因子(如TNF-α、IL-1β)释放,进一步导致内质网应激和炎症级联反应,形成“内质网-线粒体钙稳态失衡-炎症”的正反馈环路,从而加剧组织损伤,驱动COPD慢性炎症[12]。研究表明,抑制IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1通路可调节线粒体Ca2+稳态,一定程度上可恢复线粒体损伤[12]。文献显示,多索茶碱能有效减轻患者肺部炎症,减少急性加重次数[13],但可能会出现头晕恶心等不良反应。因此,寻求更好的药物治疗手段十分重要。目前,中医药在COPD治疗中展现独特优势,前期临床研究显示[14],补肺益肾方疗效明显,该方能有效缓解临床症状,改善肺功能下降状态,提升患者生存质量。基础实验证实,该方能够减轻COPD大鼠肺部炎症反应,发挥保护上皮屏障的作用[15],但具体作用机制尚未完全阐明。本研究通过检测线粒体损伤和IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1通路指标,探究其作用机制,为临床用药提供实验支撑。
选用40只8周龄无特定病原体级雄性SD大鼠(体质量200±20 g),购自北京斯贝福生物技术有限公司[SCXK(京)2019-0010]。于河南中医药大学第一附属医院中心实验室SPF级动物房(SYXK豫2022-0004)进行喂养,实施自由饮水管理。环境参数设定为:12 h/12 h昼夜循环,温度、湿度恒定。所有操作均遵循YFYDW2024018号伦理审查意见,严格按照河南中医药大学第一附属医院实验动物伦理委员会审定的动物福利标准执行。
补肺益肾方:人参9 g,黄芪15 g,枸杞子12 g,浙贝母9 g,山萸肉12 g等,按质量标准制成干粉,由河南中医药大学药物分析实验室提供;多索茶碱片:国药准字号为H19991048,由黑龙江福和制药集团股份有限公司提供,规格:0. 2 g/片。
香烟:红旗渠过滤嘴香烟(由河南中烟工业有限责任公司生产)。抗兔/大鼠/人Tubulin抗体(ab7291)、IP3R抗体(19962-1-AP)、GRP75抗体(14887-1-AP)、VDAC1抗体(10886-1- AP);qPCR Master Mix(G3321)、RNA提取试剂盒(19221ES50)、RNA逆转录试剂盒(11151ES10)购于上海翌圣公司。q-PCR相关试剂:大鼠和人引物序列IP3R1、GRP75、VDAC1由武汉塞维尔公司设计合成;ELISA相关试剂盒:TNF- α(RA20035)、IL-1β(RA20020)、IL-6(E-EL-R0015)、TGF- β1(E-EL- 0162)购于武汉伊莱瑞特公司;线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒(JC-1)(E-CK-A301)购于武汉伊莱瑞特公司;胰蛋白酶消化液(0. 25%)(T1350)购于北京索莱宝公司。
大鼠全身体积描记系统(whole body plethysmography,WBP,BUXCO,美国);肺功能检测系统(FinePointeTM series PFT system,BUXCO,美国);流式细胞仪(杭州谱康医学科技有限公司,中国);低温高速离心机(Thermo,美国);YCYCLER型梯度PCR仪(BIO-RAD公司,美国);7500型实时荧光定量PCR仪(ABI,美国);Western blot电泳仪、转膜槽、PowerPac Universal型电泳系统(BIO-RAD公司,美国);ImageJ图像分析软件(Media Cybernetics,美国);全自动病理切片机、全自动冰冻切片机、JEM-1400透射电镜(JEOL公司,日本)。
大鼠购回后适应性喂养7 d。采用香烟烟雾暴露(cigarette smoking,CS)联合细菌感染的方法制备COPD稳定期大鼠模型[16]。第1~8周,使用熏烟箱进行CS暴露,熏烟2次/d,30 min/次;CS暴露的同时,每5天对大鼠鼻腔滴注0. 1 mL浓度为6×108 CFU·mL-1的肺炎克雷伯杆菌菌液。
造模结束后,40只大鼠随机分为对照(Control)组、模型(COPD)组、补肺益肾(Bu-Fei Yi-Shen Formula,BYF)组、多索茶碱(Doxofylline,DOX)组,每组10只。9~16周,对照组与模型对照组均采用生理盐水进行灌胃干预,每只大鼠每次灌胃体积为(4 mL·kg-1·d-1),每日给药一次;中药治疗组给予补肺益肾方溶液灌胃(11. 61 g·kg-1· d-1),西药对照组采用多索茶碱溶液进行灌胃(36 g· kg-1·d-1)。所有药物剂量均依据等效剂量换算公式进行调整,具体换算方式为D大鼠=D人×(HI大鼠/HI人)×(W大鼠/W人)2/3,其中D代表剂量参数,HI为体型系数,W为体质量指标[17]。连续干预16周后,取材各组大鼠肺组织样本,用于后续治疗效果的评估分析。
分别于第0、4、8、12、16周进行无创肺功能检测各组大鼠的潮气量(tidal volume,TV)以及每分钟通气量(minute volume,MV)、50% 潮气量时呼气流速(50% tidal volume,EF50);呼气峰流速(PEF)[16]。取材当天,进行有创肺功能检测,需测定大鼠用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、0.1 s用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s,FEV0.1)、FEV0.1/FVC。
处理大鼠肺组织样本时,先采用石蜡切片技术处理:将肺组织浸泡在10%多聚甲醛溶液中固定72 h,以最大程度保留组织形态。再依次进行梯度乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明及浸蜡包埋操作,将蜡块切成4μm厚度后进行HE染色处理。在200倍光学显微镜下观察各组大鼠肺组织病理情况,查看是否出现肺泡间隔断裂、肺泡空泡明显、细支气管管壁增厚的情况。
取新鲜肺组织样本于冰浴环境中切成1 mm3,经预冷的2.5%戊二醛固定液4℃条件下固定24 h后,低温保存,经透射电子显微镜,观察肺泡上皮细胞及线粒体超微结构变化,图片由河南中医药大学电镜中心提供。
经腹主动脉取血后,分离血清,具体操作按照ELISA检测试剂盒说明书,检测大鼠血清炎性因子TGF-β1、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β的水平。
肺组织呼吸链复合物检测:取大鼠肺组织,加入预冷裂解缓冲液充分匀浆后,通过超声破碎细胞膜及线粒体结构,裂解液经低温离心取上清液,采用分光光度法分别测定线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅱ(succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)和复合物Ⅳ(cytochrome c oxidase,COX)的酶活性,并采用BCA法同步测定样本总蛋白含量,最终以单位蛋白活性(U·mg-1)表征酶活力水平。
肺组织膜电位(ΔΨm)测定:为评估线粒体膜电位变化,采用差速离心法提取肺组织线粒体,JC-10染色后,用荧光分光光度计同步测定530 nm(单体)和590 nm(聚合体)的荧光强度。正常膜电位下,JC- 10在线粒体内聚集形成J-聚集体,发出红色荧光;膜电位降低时,探针以单体形式滞留胞质,呈现绿色荧光。通过计算590 nm与530 nm荧光强度比值,定量分析线粒体膜电位变化。
取定量肺组织样本,按RNA提取试剂盒说明书操作,检测上述样本中IP3RGRP75VDAC1 mRNA表达水平,引物序列见Tab 1
取50 mg大鼠肺组织,使用蛋白提取试剂盒进行组织蛋白提取,随后煮沸5~10 min使蛋白变性,将变性后的样品加入到凝胶的加样孔中,电泳30 min,转膜,之后将膜放入合适比例的一抗:IP3R(1∶200)、GRP75(1∶5 000)、VDAC1(1∶500)、TUBULIN(1∶5 000)、GAPDH(1∶5 000),4℃冰箱孵育过夜。次日,用TBST洗涤条带后与对应二抗(兔抗1∶3 000、鼠抗1∶5 000)室温孵育1 h,显影后观察条带,并用ImageJ分析肺组织中IP3R、GRP75、VDAC1蛋白表达,目的蛋白的相对表达结果以IP3R/TUBU-LIN、VDAC1/TUBULIN和GRP75/GAPDH的比值表示。
所有数据采用SPSS 26.0、GraphPad Prism 10.1.2统计分析软件处理,结果以x±s表示。组间比较采用单因素方差评估;方差齐性满足时采用最小显著性差异法(least-significant difference,LSD);不满足时采用Dunnett’s T3法。检验水准α=0.05。
结果显示,与Control组比较,COPD组大鼠TV、MV、PEF、EF50、FVC、FEV0.1、FEV0.1/FVC明显下降(P < 0.01,P < 0.05)。与COPD组比较,BYF组和DOX组大鼠TV、MV、PEF、EF50、FVC、FEV0.1、FEV0.1/FVC有所提高(P < 0.01,P < 0.05),其中BYF组的TV指标较DOX组有所升高。这表示通过药物治疗之后,大鼠的肺部通气情况有明显改善,见Fig 1
HE染色结果显示,Control组大鼠肺组织肺泡大小均一,肺泡间隔清晰,支气管黏膜上皮完整,仅偶见散在炎性细胞浸润,结合肺功能检测结果提示造模成功。与Control组相比,COPD组大鼠肺泡结构破坏,肺泡间隔断裂融合形成肺大疱;支气管管壁皱缩增厚,肺间质及支气管周围可见大量炎性细胞浸润。BYF组和DOX组大鼠经药物干预后,损伤有所减轻:肺泡结构趋于规则,气道壁厚度降低,炎性细胞浸润范围缩小,提示药物对COPD气道重塑具有明确干预作用。并且BYF组的治疗效果较DOX组更加明显,见Fig 2
结果显示,Control组大鼠肺泡上皮细胞结构完整,微绒毛排列整齐,线粒体双层膜完整连续,嵴结构清晰,排列有序,无空泡或絮状物沉积;而COPD组的线粒体普遍肿胀呈球形或呈固缩形态,嵴模糊断裂,部分膜结构崩解,膜完整性破坏;内质网呈现囊泡状扩张。BYF组与DOX组则表现为线粒体数量增多且体积增大,形态结构正常,边界清晰,与COPD组相比,嵴结构清晰度明显改善,见Fig 3
与Control组相比,COPD组大鼠肺组织血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、TGFβ-1水平明显升高(P < 0.05,P < 0.01);而BYF组和DOX组大鼠的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、TGF-β1水平与COPD组相比明显降低(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),其中BYF组治疗水平稍优于DOX组,但差异无统计学意义,见Fig 4
与Control组相比,COPD组大鼠肺组织线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅱ、Ⅳ酶活性明显降低(P < 0.01);与COPD组相比,BYF组和DOX组大鼠肺组织线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅱ、Ⅳ酶活性升高(P < 0.01,P < 0.05),其中BYF组线粒体呼吸链复合物酶活性有更加明显的提高,见Fig 5。这种酶活性恢复现象,提示通过药物治疗可以改善线粒体损伤。
与Control组相比,COPD组大鼠肺组织线粒体膜电位明显下降(P < 0.01);而与COPD组大鼠相比,BYF和DOX治疗组能明显逆转线粒体去极化现象(P < 0.01),线粒体膜电位有所上升;并且在恢复大鼠线粒体膜电位功能方面,BYF与DOX组相比,疗效更加明显(P < 0.01)。这说明通过药物治疗的方式能够有效改变COPD病理状态下的线粒体膜电位下降情况,见Fig 5
与Control组相比,COPD组大鼠肺组织IP3RGRP75VDAC1 mRNA表达明显升高(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),BYF组和DOX组大鼠肺组织IP3RGRP75VDAC1 mRNA表达较COPD组有所回落(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),见Fig 6
与Control组相比,COPD组大鼠肺组织IP3R、VDAC1、GRP75的蛋白表达明显升高(P < 0.05,P < 0.01);与COPD组相比,BYF组和DOX组大鼠肺组织IP3R、VDAC1、GRP75的蛋白表达明显降低(P < 0.05,P < 0.01);其中,在降低IP3R蛋白表达方面,BYF组较DOX组效果更为明显,但差异无统计学意义,见Fig 7
从近年研究可以看出,COPD病理进程涉及多维度分子网络调控:长期有害颗粒暴露引发气道慢性炎症,同时触发内质网应激反应,内质网应激加剧了炎症因子诱导的炎症反应,氧化-抗氧化系统失衡导致组织损伤,气道重塑等不可逆性结构改变[18-19]。由于现有治疗手段难以逆转已形成的肺组织损伤,临床实践中除急性加重期的积极干预外,稳定期管理显得尤为重要。课题组前期临床证候研究发现,COPD稳定期有肺肾气虚及肺肾气阴两虚等常见证候[20],补肺益肾方能够补肺益肾、止咳平喘,在临床治疗中的运用对COPD患者有明显的治疗效果,该方兼顾COPD晚期会导致肺肾两虚这一症状特征,展现出独特的治疗优势,能够有效改善患者肺功能及预后,同时患者对其治疗效果满意度较高[21]。课题组前期基础研究证实,补肺益肾方通过多靶点调控机制明显改善COPD病理进程:其可有效抑制肺部炎症反应,减少促炎因子生成,调控氧化还原稳态,减轻气道黏液高分泌[15, 22]
本研究发现,造模成功的COPD组大鼠毛发灰暗,精神萎靡,个别还伴有体质量减轻的情况,COPD组大鼠的肺病理显示有肺泡壁断裂,气管壁增厚,炎性细胞浸润,肺泡融合等情况,而通过药物治疗后能够观察到肺病理有明显改善,这表明补肺益肾方和多索茶碱有明显的治疗效果,能抑制促炎因子分泌、促进肺泡上皮细胞的修复、改善肺组织损伤、恢复肺泡和气管正常结构。香烟引发的持续气道炎症可致使气道狭窄、气体潴留、换气功能异常、气道黏液增多[23]。长期暴露于香烟等有害刺激物导致炎症细胞过度浸润、炎性细胞因子产生,COPD中的炎症细胞以中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞为主,中性粒细胞在气道异常聚集,其分泌的丝氨酸蛋白酶直接降解肺细胞外基质,造成肺气肿特征性结构破坏;巨噬细胞则通过极化调控炎症平衡。M1型巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6等促炎因子。其中TNF-α上调内皮黏附分子促进中性粒细胞募集;IL-1β直接触发炎症小体诱导大量炎症因子从而驱动中性粒细胞浸润;IL-6诱导弹性蛋白酶和氧自由基释放,协同加剧肺血管通透性与肺泡结构破坏;M2型巨噬细胞虽然能促进组织修复,但在COPD病理条件下M2型巨噬细胞数量明显增加,其分泌的TGF-β1增加会直接驱动成纤维细胞过度激活,从而导致气道异常纤维化重塑[24]。由此可见,TNF-α、IL- 1β、IL-6、TGF-β1在COPD的病理进程中扮演关键角色,其所引发的炎症反应贯穿于COPD发病机制的核心阶段,是推动疾病进展的重要因素。ELISA结果显示,大鼠肺组织中的TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、TGF-β1水平有明显升高。它们直接靶向攻击线粒体膜结构,抑制呼吸链复合物酶活性,致使ETC功能受损,进而引发线粒体膜电位下降。这种线粒体功能障碍会导致肺泡上皮细胞能量代谢紊乱,同时促使呼吸肌萎缩。随着病情进展,肺气肿加速形成,肺泡结构逐渐塌陷,小气道发生重塑,黏液分泌异常增多,最终导致气流受限程度加重[25]。而在长期炎症刺激下,内质网钙稳态失衡通过IP3R-GRP75- VDAC1复合物传递至线粒体,引发钙超载。通过透射电镜观察能看到:大鼠肺组织线粒体嵴结构紊乱,数量减少,部分嵴膜出现局灶性断裂或融合,形成“空泡化”线粒体;嵴密度降低会导致呼吸链复合物分布异常,这可能会影响钙信号传递效率。
线粒体作为细胞的能量工厂,是ATP合成的重要场所,为各项生命活动提供动力。因此,维持线粒体功能正常运行对健康细胞的生存发展非常重要。线粒体、内质网与IP3R-GRP75-VDAC1复合体通过MAM形成紧密的结构与功能耦联[25]。在MAM中,IP3R通过GRP75与VDAC1直接连接,构成跨膜钙离子传递通道,介导内质网释放的Ca2+高效转运至线粒体基质,以维持细胞能量代谢。这一动态钙信号不仅调控生理状态下的能量平衡和应激适应,其失调也可引发细胞色素C释放及细胞凋亡[26]。IP3R介导的内质网钙库有正反馈调节机制,当IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1这一信号通路失调时,细胞质中Ca2+浓度的异常升高加剧线粒体呼吸链功能紊乱,进而激活丙酮酸脱氢酶等关键酶,驱动三羧酸循环与氧化磷酸化,影响代谢稳态[27]。这会造成线粒体内钙稳态失衡破坏ETC功能,导致线粒体功能衰退、炎症信号通路激活[28-29]。而呼吸链复合物Ⅱ和复合物Ⅳ的功能依赖于线粒体的正常结构[30],线粒体中Ca2+超载激活钙蛋白酶(calpain),直接降解SDH的亚基,破坏其催化活性;还会破坏COX的脂质微环境,影响其亚基的组装。线粒体对膜电位的损失非常敏感,无法维持膜电位稳态进而会引发线粒体应激状态[31]。Ca2+超载可能会破坏线粒体膜的完整性和离子平衡,由此引发的线粒体功能障碍还会直接阻碍氧气还原和质子泵功能,造成线粒体膜电位崩溃[32-33]。本实验通过检测线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅱ、Ⅳ的酶活性以及膜电位情况可以看出COPD组大鼠的线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅱ、Ⅳ的酶活性和膜电位结果有明显降低趋势。所以抑制IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1信号通路成为调控线粒体稳态和改善病理情况的重要靶点。
IP3R调节线粒体功能和能量生成,同时也是最普遍的细胞内Ca2+通道。IP3R持续释放Ca2+可能是病理性的,过量Ca2+信号释放可引发细胞功能紊乱或凋亡[9]。大量研究表明,IP3R/Ca2+失调不仅参与急性细胞应激,更是慢性病理过程的重要驱动因素。此外值得注意的是,IP3R、VDAC1及GRP75在COPD病理状态下可能发生磷酸化、氧化等翻译后修饰,影响其活性、复合物稳定性及钙传递效率,但其具体修饰类型及在COPD中的作用机制仍有待深入探究。在本研究中,通过检测IP3R、GRP75、VDAC1的mRNA及蛋白表达水平,发现COPD组大鼠肺组织中上述指标均明显升高,提示线粒体功能受损引发的钙信号紊乱激活IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1通路,该通路参与慢性炎症反应及线粒体损伤;补肺益肾方治疗可降低上述指标表达,表明其对该信号通路具有抑制作用。通过设置多索茶碱阳性对照组可进一步证实,补肺益肾方和多索茶碱可能通过抑制IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1信号通路改善气道炎症反应和线粒体损伤。本研究采用CS联合细菌感染构建COPD模型,经HE染色、电镜观察、细胞膜电位及线粒体呼吸链复合物检测等实验,证明补肺益肾方可能通过抑制该通路发挥抗炎、抗凋亡及抗氧化应激的保护作用。
综上所述,补肺益肾方与多索茶碱干预可明显提升COPD大鼠的肺功能指标,减轻肺组织病理损伤并抑制肺部炎症反应,同时通过调控IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1信号轴维持线粒体钙稳态,改善线粒体膜电位及呼吸链功能。二者共同作用机制涉及抑制钙超载介导的细胞凋亡与氧化应激,但补肺益肾方特有的调控模式表现出更好的病理修复效果。但具体转录机制尚不清楚,有待更深层次的研究。

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2026年第42卷第5期
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doi: 10.12360/CPB202505077
  • 接收时间:2025-12-21
  • 首发时间:2026-07-16
  • 出版时间:2026-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-21
  • 修回日期:2026-03-16
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    1河南中医药大学第一附属医院呼吸科,河南 郑州 450000
    2河南中医药大学第一临床医学院,河南 郑州 450000
    3河南中医药大学第一附属医院中药药理(呼吸)实验室,河南 郑州 450000
    4河南中医药大学呼吸病研究所,河南 郑州 450000

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李素云(1965-),女,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:中医药防治呼吸疾病与中药药理基础,通信作者,E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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