Article(id=1325535840658805274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325535161890398372, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025364, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745856000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-29, revisedDate=1760198400000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961971643, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961971643, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961971643, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961971643, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325535161890398372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='1673', pageEnd='1824', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961809846, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961809846, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1741, endPage=1745, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325535845675192859, articleId=1325535840658805274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Analysis of influencing factors of suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe autism spectrum disorder, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the influencing factors and pathways of suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD), so as to provide references for clarifying the impact intensity and pathways of various factors on suicidal ideation in the population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 17, 2024, to January 12, 2025, involving 96 severely affected ASD children and adolescents aged 8-18 years from Tianjin. Participants were assessed using the Puberty Development Scale (PDS), Children's Alexithymia Measure (CAM), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI). The random forest Boruta algorithm was employed to screen core variables, and a Bayesian network model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents with severe ASD.

Results

Through the screening using the Boruta algorithm, the SDQ scale score, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer relationship problems and prosocial behavior were identified as the key predictors of suicidal ideation. A Bayesian network model was established with hyperactivity as the central mediating node. The impact of hyperactivity on suicidal ideation exhibited a non-linear relationship: compared to the normal state (31.6%, 68.4%), the borderline state of hyperactivity was associated with a higher probability of low-risk suicidal ideation (47.1%) and a lower probability of high-risk suicidal ideation (52.9%). Suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe ASD was closely related to hyperactivity. In the state of hyperactivity, the abnormal peer relationship (95.2%) and the abnormal prosocial behavior (77.0%) were aggravated.

Conclusions

Suicide ideation among children and adolescents with severe ASD is strongly associated with hyperactivity traits. It is necessary to establish a prevention and control system centered on hyperactivity intervention to reduce this risk.

, authors=Zhiming HU1, Jingyan SUN2, Guoyong ZHAO2, Hong LIU2, Yanjing BAN1, Rui ZHANG1, 3, Li TIAN4, Lei GAO*, 1, authorsList=Zhiming HU, Jingyan SUN, Guoyong ZHAO, Hong LIU, Yanjing BAN, Rui ZHANG, Li TIAN, Lei GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lei GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325535899215483433, articleId=1325535840658805274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=重度孤独症谱系障碍儿童青少年自杀意念影响因素分析, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨重度孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童青少年自杀意念的影响因素及作用路径,为明确各因素对该群体自杀意念的影响强度与作用机制提供参考。

方法

2024年6月17日至2025年1月12日,采用横断面研究对天津市96名8~18岁重度ASD儿童青少年进行青春期发育量表(PDS)、儿童述情障碍量表(CAM)、长处与困难问卷(SDQ)及青少年自杀意念量表(PANSI)测评。运用随机森林Boruta算法筛选核心变量,构建贝叶斯网络模型分析ASD患者自杀意念的影响因素。

结果

经使用Boruta算法筛选,SDQ得分、品行问题、多动、同伴关系和亲社会行为被确定为自杀意念关键预测变量,构建了以多动为核心中介节点的贝叶斯网络模型。多动对自杀意念的影响呈非线性关系,边缘状态相比正常状态自杀意念,低风险概率更高(47.1%,31.6%),高风险概率更低(52.9%,68.4%)。重度ASD儿童青少年自杀意念与多动密切相关,多动异常状态下,加剧同伴关系异常(95.2%)及亲社会行为异常概率(77.0%)。

结论

重度ASD儿童青少年自杀风险与多动特征密切相关,需构建以多动干预为核心的防控体系降低风险。

, authors=胡芷铭1, 孙婧艳2, 赵国勇2, 刘红2, 班艳晶1, 张蕊1, 3, 田丽4, 高磊*, 1, authorsList=胡芷铭, 孙婧艳, 赵国勇, 刘红, 班艳晶, 张蕊, 田丽, 高磊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=高磊, authorNote=

胡芷铭(1999-),男,辽宁辽阳人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青春期孤独症儿童的干预

, correspAuthorsNote=
高磊,E-mail:
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胡芷铭(1999-),男,辽宁辽阳人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青春期孤独症儿童的干预

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注:深色代表自杀意念低风险,浅色代表自杀意念高风险;横坐标1=正常,2=边缘,3=异常。

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重度孤独症谱系障碍儿童青少年自杀意念影响因素分析
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胡芷铭 1 , 孙婧艳 2 , 赵国勇 2 , 刘红 2 , 班艳晶 1 , 张蕊 1, 3 , 田丽 4 , 高磊 *, 1
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(12): 1741-1745
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (12) : 1741 -1745
重度孤独症谱系障碍儿童青少年自杀意念影响因素分析
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胡芷铭1, 孙婧艳2, 赵国勇2, 刘红2, 班艳晶1, 张蕊1, 3, 田丽4, 高磊*, 1
作者信息
  • 1天津医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系, 天津 300070
  • 2天津市和平区培育学校
  • 3天津市河北区青瑞青少年事务服务中心
  • 4天津市安定医院神经调控诊疗中心
通讯作者:
高磊,E-mail:
作者简介:

胡芷铭(1999-),男,辽宁辽阳人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为青春期孤独症儿童的干预

Analysis of influencing factors of suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe autism spectrum disorder
Zhiming HU1, Jingyan SUN2, Guoyong ZHAO2, Hong LIU2, Yanjing BAN1, Rui ZHANG1, 3, Li TIAN4, Lei GAO*, 1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025364
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目的

探讨重度孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童青少年自杀意念的影响因素及作用路径,为明确各因素对该群体自杀意念的影响强度与作用机制提供参考。

方法

2024年6月17日至2025年1月12日,采用横断面研究对天津市96名8~18岁重度ASD儿童青少年进行青春期发育量表(PDS)、儿童述情障碍量表(CAM)、长处与困难问卷(SDQ)及青少年自杀意念量表(PANSI)测评。运用随机森林Boruta算法筛选核心变量,构建贝叶斯网络模型分析ASD患者自杀意念的影响因素。

结果

经使用Boruta算法筛选,SDQ得分、品行问题、多动、同伴关系和亲社会行为被确定为自杀意念关键预测变量,构建了以多动为核心中介节点的贝叶斯网络模型。多动对自杀意念的影响呈非线性关系,边缘状态相比正常状态自杀意念,低风险概率更高(47.1%,31.6%),高风险概率更低(52.9%,68.4%)。重度ASD儿童青少年自杀意念与多动密切相关,多动异常状态下,加剧同伴关系异常(95.2%)及亲社会行为异常概率(77.0%)。

结论

重度ASD儿童青少年自杀风险与多动特征密切相关,需构建以多动干预为核心的防控体系降低风险。

孤独性障碍  /  自杀  /  精神卫生  /  青少年
Objective

To explore the influencing factors and pathways of suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD), so as to provide references for clarifying the impact intensity and pathways of various factors on suicidal ideation in the population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 17, 2024, to January 12, 2025, involving 96 severely affected ASD children and adolescents aged 8-18 years from Tianjin. Participants were assessed using the Puberty Development Scale (PDS), Children's Alexithymia Measure (CAM), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI). The random forest Boruta algorithm was employed to screen core variables, and a Bayesian network model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents with severe ASD.

Results

Through the screening using the Boruta algorithm, the SDQ scale score, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer relationship problems and prosocial behavior were identified as the key predictors of suicidal ideation. A Bayesian network model was established with hyperactivity as the central mediating node. The impact of hyperactivity on suicidal ideation exhibited a non-linear relationship: compared to the normal state (31.6%, 68.4%), the borderline state of hyperactivity was associated with a higher probability of low-risk suicidal ideation (47.1%) and a lower probability of high-risk suicidal ideation (52.9%). Suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe ASD was closely related to hyperactivity. In the state of hyperactivity, the abnormal peer relationship (95.2%) and the abnormal prosocial behavior (77.0%) were aggravated.

Conclusions

Suicide ideation among children and adolescents with severe ASD is strongly associated with hyperactivity traits. It is necessary to establish a prevention and control system centered on hyperactivity intervention to reduce this risk.

Autistic disorder  /  Suicide  /  Mental health  /  Adolescent
胡芷铭, 孙婧艳, 赵国勇, 刘红, 班艳晶, 张蕊, 田丽, 高磊. 重度孤独症谱系障碍儿童青少年自杀意念影响因素分析. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (12) : 1741 -1745 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025364
Zhiming HU, Jingyan SUN, Guoyong ZHAO, Hong LIU, Yanjing BAN, Rui ZHANG, Li TIAN, Lei GAO. Analysis of influencing factors of suicidal ideation among children and adolescents with severe autism spectrum disorder[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (12) : 1741 -1745 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025364
孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)是一类以社会沟通与社交互动缺陷、兴趣狭窄及重复刻板行为为核心特征的神经发育障碍性疾病[1]。美国的调查显示,8岁儿童的ASD患病率已达2.78%[2],2021年全球年龄标化患病率为788.3/10万,且该患病率在个体出生后至60岁前保持相对稳定[3]。值得警惕的是,1999—2014年美国ASD儿童自杀率上升24%[4],ASD群体的自杀相关风险已成为儿童青少年精神卫生领域的重要公共卫生问题。从发病机制来看,ASD患者先天存在的神经发育异常是其心理行为问题的病理基础,这类核心特质易与多方面因素协同放大自杀风险[5-6]。ASD儿童青少年普遍存在的社会沟通缺陷会使其更易陷入社会孤立、缺乏有效社会支持[7],同时易产生身份认同困惑[8-10];且ASD群体述情障碍发生率远高于普通人群[11],述情障碍会导致情绪调节与求助意愿下降[12-13],进而增加自杀意念发生可能。既往研究也证实,ASD核心特质的严重程度与自杀风险呈正相关,且外化行为问题会成为自杀意念的关键诱因[14]。基于上述研究背景,本研究提出假设:重度ASD儿童青少年的自杀意念受到ASD核心特质、述情障碍及环境压力的复杂交互影响。为验证该假设并系统解析各影响因素的作用路径,本研究采用Boruta算法筛选关键预测变量,在此基础上构建贝叶斯网络模型,旨在明确各因素对重度ASD儿童青少年自杀意念的影响强度与作用机制。
研究采用横断面设计,方便选取天津市1所特殊教育学校的全部重度ASD青少年,重度ASD的判定标准依据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第5版(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition,DSM-5)[15]。本研究已通过天津医科大学伦理委员会审查批准(批号:TMUhMEC20250023),所有参与者的法定监护人均在充分了解研究目的、内容及潜在风险后签署书面知情同意书。于2024年6月17日至2025年1月12日进行现场问卷调查,由儿童家长辅助ASD儿童填写。
依据贝叶斯网络分析的建模样本量要求[16],N=(变量数×每个变量所需病例数)/预期发生率×(1+无效问卷率)。本研究共纳入3个自变量,每个自变量需要5~10个病例,ASD群体中发生自杀意念和自杀行为的合并率为25.2%[17],考虑10%~20%的样本流失,计算研究的最小样本量为3×5×(1+0.2)÷0.252=71.43。纳入标准:(1)年龄8~18岁;(2)由精神科医师根据DSM-5诊断标准确诊为重度ASD。排除标准:(1)问卷填写错误、不标准;(2)不配合问卷调查。本研究最终纳入96名重度ASD青少年,其中男生77名(80.2%),女生19名(19.8%)。
采用由朱琳等[18]翻译的PDS量表,用于评估青少年第二性征发育情况。该量表具有良好的内部一致性,Cronbach α系数为0.93[19]。
由Way等[20]开发,适用于8~16岁儿童青少年述情障碍的评估工具,采用由家长根据孩子情况代为评定的Likert 4级量表(0~3分别代表几乎从不、有时、经常、几乎总是)测量情绪识别困难、表达困难和外向性思维3个维度(14个条目)。总分0~42分,本研究根据总分四分位数将述情障碍划分为轻度(<P25)、中度(P25~P75)和重度(>P75)3个等级。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.92。
由Goodman编制[21],该量表是评估儿童青少年心理行为状况的标准化工具,包含25个条目,分为情绪症状、品行问题、多动、同伴关系和亲社会行为5个子量表(各5题)。采用Likert 3级评分(0~2分别代表不符合、有点符合、完全符合),使用前4个子量表总分(0~40分)来反映总困难程度:0~13分为正常,14~16分为边缘,17~40分为异常;亲社会行为单独计分(0~10分)。中文版内部一致性良好,Cronbach α系数为0.93[22]。
使用PANSI对儿童青少年ASD患者进行调查。该量表包括积极(如乐观、生活满意)与消极(如绝望、轻生念头)2个维度,共14项。采用5点Likert 5级计分(1=“从不”至5=“总是”),积极项反向计分、消极项正向计分。总分范围14~70分,得分越高自杀意念越强,≥25分为高风险。该量表2个维度及总量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.70,0.92,0.92[24]。
(1) 调查阶段:由经过统一培训的调查员在现场向家长解释问卷内容,并协助其理解后填写,当场核对有无遗漏;(2)数据录入阶段:采用EpiData 3.1软件双人独立录入数据,并进行一致性校验;(3)数据清洗阶段:使用SPSS软件对数据进行逻辑核查,排除明显矛盾的问卷(如年龄与发育阶段严重不符),采用箱线图法对连续变量异常值进行检测。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据清洗和描述性统计,处理缺失值和异常值。通过Shapiro-Wilk检验评估变量正态性。符合正态的计量资料用(x±s)描述,非正态变量用M(P25,P75)描述;对计数资料采用频数和百分率描述。使用R语言(4.4.0)软件进行数据分析:(1)采用Boruta包(迭代500次,α=0.05)筛选重要变量,进行所有预测变量的重要性分析。算法运行500次迭代,检验水准α=0.05,通过对比真实变量与影子变量的Z值重要性,最终确认核心预测变量集合。(2)使用Bnlearn包以筛选后的核心变量构建贝叶斯网络结构。结构学习采用爬山算法,模型参数采用最大似然估计法进行学习。利用Netica对构建的网络进行可视化、条件概率查询及推理分析。
研究采用Boruta算法筛选关键特征,结果显示,亲社会行为和同伴关系重要性最高,SDQ量表得分、多动及品行问题均被保留;PDS、情绪症状和儿童述情障碍被剔除。密度分布分析结果表明,亲社会行为、品行问题、多动和SDQ量表得分在低值区集中,而同伴关系在高值区类别区分明显,所选特征具有良好的判别潜力。见图1。
构建的贝叶斯网络模型揭示了关键变量间的路径:品行问题直接影响SDQ量表得分异常(概率49.1%),继而引发多动风险上升(27.5%),最终增加自杀意念高风险概率(73.5%);而自杀意念高风险状态又导致亲社会行为异常概率升至66.6%,同伴关系异常率达90.2%。见图2。
研究发现,多动正常状态下自杀意念低风险概率升至31.6%(高风险68.4%);亲社会行为异常概率降至64.4%。多动边缘水平状态下自杀意念低风险比例上升至47.1%(高风险52.9%)。多动异常表现为:自杀意念低风险3.6%(高风险达96.4%),同伴关系异常95.2%,亲社会行为异常77.0%。见图3。
本研究通过Boruta算法筛选核心变量,结合贝叶斯网络建模,系统解析了ASD儿童青少年自杀意念的影响因素与作用路径,核心发现为多动是自杀意念形成的关键中介节点,且“品行问题→SDQ总分→多动→自杀意念→社会功能损伤”构成主要影响通路,与既往研究中多动与ASD群体负性情绪的关联结论一致[25]。从机制层面看,多动对自杀意念的影响呈现非线性特征:多动异常状态下,重度ASD儿童青少年自杀意念高风险概率高达96.4%,且伴随社会功能全面受损(同伴关系异常率95.2%、亲社会行为异常率77.0%),可能与多动伴随的执行功能缺陷密切相关。Burley等[26]证实多动行为与儿童认知抑制能力呈负相关,而Wolff等[27]发现青少年执行功能缺陷与自杀风险呈正相关,多动作为执行功能缺陷的外显标志,可能通过损害情绪调节与挫折应对能力,间接放大自杀意念风险。值得关注的是,边缘水平多动与重度ASD儿童青少年自杀意念的关联呈现特殊性,即与正常状态相比,其低风险自杀意念概率更高(47.1%,31.6%),高风险概率降低(52.9%,68.4%),这与传统“多动完全有害”的认知存在差异[28]。从心理生理学角度推测,适度多动可能反映较高的环境唤醒水平与行为动机[29],促使个体采取外向化应对(如主动求助、运动释放压力),从而减缓自杀意念形成,为后续干预提供了新的思路。
本研究未发现述情障碍为自杀意念的核心影响因素,与Costa等[30]提出的“述情障碍加剧ASD自杀风险”结论存在差异,可能源于两方面原因:一方面,本研究对象为8~18岁重度ASD群体,其外化行为问题(多动、品行问题)更为突出,可能掩盖内在情绪障碍的效应;另一方面,采用家长代理评估虽提升了数据收集的可行性,但家长对子女内隐情绪体验的判断存在局限,可能低估述情障碍的实际影响,需后续研究结合儿童自评量表与临床观察进一步验证。
此外,本研究采用Boruta算法与贝叶斯网络的组合策略具有显著优势:Boruta算法通过构建影子变量并经500次迭代比较,有效克服了传统特征筛选中多重共线性的干扰,精准识别出SDQ总分、品行问题、多动、同伴关系、亲社会行为5个核心变量[31]。贝叶斯网络则直观呈现变量间的条件依赖关系,清晰刻画“品行问题→SDQ得分异常→多动风险升高→自杀意念增强→社会功能受损”的概率传播路径,为量化解析风险机制提供了可视化工具。
本研究发现重度ASD儿童青少年的自杀意念受多动特征主导,且存在“多动→社会功能→自杀意念”的双向影响。临床实践中需构建以多动干预为核心的防控体系:对异常多动者,通过行为训练改善冲动控制与情绪调节;对边缘水平多动者,可引导其外向化应对行为(如社交技能训练、运动干预)以强化保护效应,同时关注自杀意念对社会功能的反向损害,实现“干预→修复”双轨防控,最终降低自杀风险。
本研究存在一定的局限性:首先,横断面设计无法推断因果关系,未来需通过纵向研究追踪ASD青少年青春期全程,验证多动与自杀意念的时序关联。其次,未排除注意力缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)共病影响,由于缺乏重度ASD特异性共病评估工具,多动症状的效应可能混杂ADHD的作用,需后续结合DSM-5诊断标准进一步分层分析。第三,测量误差客观存在,PDS量表的自评属性在重度ASD群体中效度待考察,家长对自杀意念等内隐特征的报告可能存在偏倚,建议后续整合教师评估与神经生理指标提升数据准确性。最后,样本仅来自天津特殊教育学校,地域代表性有限,结论推广需谨慎。
  • 中国残疾人联合会课题“听力语言残疾预防与康复专项”项目(2023CDPFHS-06)
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025364
  • 接收时间:2025-04-29
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-29
  • 修回日期:2025-10-12
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中国残疾人联合会课题“听力语言残疾预防与康复专项”项目(2023CDPFHS-06)
作者信息
    1天津医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系, 天津 300070
    2天津市和平区培育学校
    3天津市河北区青瑞青少年事务服务中心
    4天津市安定医院神经调控诊疗中心

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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