中国学校卫生

组别	选项	人数	25(OH)D不足人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 229	564(45.9)	129.25	< 0.01
	女	1 248	855(68.5)
学段	小学	1 413	766(54.2)	54.07	< 0.01
	初中	1 064	653(61.4)
父亲文化程度	是	666	357(53.6)	5.05	0.03
达到高中	否	1 811	1 062(58.6)
母亲文化程度	是	659	347(52.7)	7.87	< 0.01
达到高中	否	1 818	1 072(59.0)
每周吃油炸食品	是	540	331(61.3)	4.54	0.03
≥3次	否	1 937	1 088(56.2)
碳酸饮料	是	1 739	1 025(58.9)	6.53	0.01
	否	738	394(53.4)
含乳饮料	是	1 817	1 076(59.2)	10.40	< 0.01
	否	660	343(52.0)
茶饮料	是	1 654	986(59.6)	11.01	< 0.01
	否	823	433(52.6)
果蔬汁饮料	是	1 738	1 028(59.1)	8.25	< 0.01
	否	739	391(52.9)
植物蛋白饮料	是	1 361	838(61.6)	22.67	< 0.01
	否	1 116	581(52.1)
奶茶饮料	是	1 552	932(60.1)	12.98	< 0.01
	否	925	487(52.6)
冲泡茶咖啡	是	777	491(63.2)	16.13	< 0.01
	否	1 700	928(54.6)
果脯类零食	是	575	355(61.7)	6.07	0.01
	否	1 902	1 064(55.9)

组别

选项

人数

25(OH)D不足人数

χ²值

P值

性别

男

1 229

564(45.9)

129.25

< 0.01

女

1 248

855(68.5)

学段

小学

1 413

766(54.2)

54.07

< 0.01

初中

1 064

653(61.4)

父亲文化程度

是

666

357(53.6)

5.05

0.03

达到高中

否

1 811

1 062(58.6)

母亲文化程度

是

659

347(52.7)

7.87

< 0.01

达到高中

否

1 818

1 072(59.0)

每周吃油炸食品

是

540

331(61.3)

4.54

0.03

≥3次

否

1 937

1 088(56.2)

碳酸饮料

是

1 739

1 025(58.9)

6.53

0.01

否

738

394(53.4)

含乳饮料

是

1 817

1 076(59.2)

10.40

< 0.01

否

660

343(52.0)

茶饮料

是

1 654

986(59.6)

11.01

< 0.01

否

823

433(52.6)

果蔬汁饮料

是

1 738

1 028(59.1)

8.25

< 0.01

否

739

391(52.9)

植物蛋白饮料

是

1 361

838(61.6)

22.67

< 0.01

否

1 116

581(52.1)

奶茶饮料

是

1 552

932(60.1)

12.98

< 0.01

否

925

487(52.6)

冲泡茶咖啡

是

777

491(63.2)

16.13

< 0.01

否

1 700

928(54.6)

果脯类零食

是

575

355(61.7)

6.07

0.01

否

1 902

1 064(55.9)

组别	选项	人数	25(OH)D不足人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 229	564(45.9)	129.25	< 0.01
	女	1 248	855(68.5)
学段	小学	1 413	766(54.2)	54.07	< 0.01
	初中	1 064	653(61.4)
父亲文化程度	是	666	357(53.6)	5.05	0.03
达到高中	否	1 811	1 062(58.6)
母亲文化程度	是	659	347(52.7)	7.87	< 0.01
达到高中	否	1 818	1 072(59.0)
每周吃油炸食品	是	540	331(61.3)	4.54	0.03
≥3次	否	1 937	1 088(56.2)
碳酸饮料	是	1 739	1 025(58.9)	6.53	0.01
	否	738	394(53.4)
含乳饮料	是	1 817	1 076(59.2)	10.40	< 0.01
	否	660	343(52.0)
茶饮料	是	1 654	986(59.6)	11.01	< 0.01
	否	823	433(52.6)
果蔬汁饮料	是	1 738	1 028(59.1)	8.25	< 0.01
	否	739	391(52.9)
植物蛋白饮料	是	1 361	838(61.6)	22.67	< 0.01
	否	1 116	581(52.1)
奶茶饮料	是	1 552	932(60.1)	12.98	< 0.01
	否	925	487(52.6)
冲泡茶咖啡	是	777	491(63.2)	16.13	< 0.01
	否	1 700	928(54.6)
果脯类零食	是	575	355(61.7)	6.07	0.01
	否	1 902	1 064(55.9)

组别

选项

人数

25(OH)D不足人数

χ²值

P值

性别

男

1 229

564(45.9)

129.25

< 0.01

女

1 248

855(68.5)

学段

小学

1 413

766(54.2)

54.07

< 0.01

初中

1 064

653(61.4)

父亲文化程度

是

666

357(53.6)

5.05

0.03

达到高中

否

1 811

1 062(58.6)

母亲文化程度

是

659

347(52.7)

7.87

< 0.01

达到高中

否

1 818

1 072(59.0)

每周吃油炸食品

是

540

331(61.3)

4.54

0.03

≥3次

否

1 937

1 088(56.2)

碳酸饮料

是

1 739

1 025(58.9)

6.53

0.01

否

738

394(53.4)

含乳饮料

是

1 817

1 076(59.2)

10.40

< 0.01

否

660

343(52.0)

茶饮料

是

1 654

986(59.6)

11.01

< 0.01

否

823

433(52.6)

果蔬汁饮料

是

1 738

1 028(59.1)

8.25

< 0.01

否

739

391(52.9)

植物蛋白饮料

是

1 361

838(61.6)

22.67

< 0.01

否

1 116

581(52.1)

奶茶饮料

是

1 552

932(60.1)

12.98

< 0.01

否

925

487(52.6)

冲泡茶咖啡

是

777

491(63.2)

16.13

< 0.01

否

1 700

928(54.6)

果脯类零食

是

575

355(61.7)

6.07

0.01

否

1 902

1 064(55.9)

饮料和零食	摄入强度	性别			母亲文化程度达到高中
果蔬类零食	极低	1.03(0.68~1.56)	0.87(0.56~1.36)	0.83(0.55~1.25)	1.14(0.72~1.80)	0.88(0.62~1.25)	1.25(0.68~2.34)
	低	0.77(0.56~1.04)	0.75(0.55~1.02)	0.84(0.64~1.11)	0.68(0.48~0.95)^*	0.75(0.59~0.97)^*	0.83(0.55~1.25)
	中	0.86(0.59~1.23)	0.80(0.54~1.18)	0.74(0.51~1.06)	0.97(0.65~1.45)	0.90(0.65~1.24)	0.70(0.43~1.14)
	高	1.47(0.96~2.27)	0.58(0.37~0.89)^*	0.82(0.55~1.23)	1.27(0.77~2.15)	1.00(0.70~1.45)	0.82(0.45~1.47)
纯牛奶酸奶类	极低	1.23(0.77~1.97)	1.08(0.65~1.84)	0.89(0.57~1.40)	1.65(0.94~2.97)	1.21(0.80~1.82)	1.02(0.52~2.05)
零食	低	0.77(0.56~1.05)	0.86(0.63~1.17)	0.76(0.58~1.01)	0.85(0.60~1.21)	0.90(0.69~1.16)	0.62(0.41~0.93)^*
	中	0.63(0.44~0.90)^*	0.85(0.60~1.23)	0.52(0.37~0.73)^**	1.08(0.75~1.58)	0.92(0.68~1.25)	0.41(0.25~0.65)^**
	高	1.00(0.65~1.51)	1.00(0.66~1.52)	0.69(0.47~1.01)	1.75(1.09~2.89)^*	1.08(0.76~1.54)	0.77(0.44~1.33)
彩色果味水	极低	0.93(0.56~1.54)	1.81(1.00~3.48)	1.31(0.79~2.21)	1.09(0.63~1.94)	1.11(0.72~1.74)	1.58(0.78~3.30)
	低	0.97(0.70~1.36)	1.37(0.95~2.00)	1.31(0.96~1.79)	0.85(0.57~1.28)	1.02(0.77~1.36)	1.50(0.93~2.42)
	中	1.10(0.71~1.69)	1.07(0.68~1.72)	1.08(0.70~1.70)	1.09(0.70~1.72)	1.06(0.74~1.54)	1.15(0.62~2.16)
	高	1.49(0.97~2.29)	1.23(0.73~2.16)	1.22(0.78~1.92)	1.73(1.03~2.99)^*	1.65(1.11~2.48)^*	0.84(0.42~1.67)
碳酸饮料	极低	1.21(0.80~1.83)	2.22(1.33~3.85)^**	1.25(0.83~1.89)	1.92(1.17~3.20)^*	1.42(0.98~2.06)	1.89(1.03~3.52)^*
	低	1.15(0.84~1.57)	1.69(1.24~2.33)^**	1.40(1.06~1.87)^*	1.25(0.89~1.77)	1.29(0.99~1.67)	1.62(1.07~2.45)^*
	中	1.16(0.82~1.65)	1.32(0.93~1.90)	0.97(0.69~1.36)	1.71(1.18~2.50)^**	1.31(0.98~1.77)	1.07(0.67~1.70)
	高	1.73(1.20~2.50)^**	1.18(0.80~1.76)	1.24(0.87~1.76)	2.07(1.35~3.19)^**	1.47(1.08~2.02)^*	1.59(0.94~2.72)
含乳饮料	极低	0.99(0.66~1.50)	1.72(1.08~2.79)^*	1.05(0.70~1.57)	1.60(1.00~2.58)	1.17(0.82~1.67)	1.56(0.87~2.85)
	低	1.05(0.78~1.42)	1.39(1.01~1.93)^*	1.26(0.95~1.68)	1.05(0.74~1.49)	1.10(0.85~1.43)	1.45(0.96~2.21)
	中	1.07(0.76~1.50)	1.40(0.97~2.02)	1.04(0.74~1.45)	1.46(1.01~2.13)^*	1.25(0.93~1.69)	1.06(0.67~1.68)
	高	1.48(1.03~2.15)^*	1.25(0.84~1.88)	1.11(0.77~1.60)	1.89(1.24~2.92)^**	1.33(0.96~1.83)	1.42(0.83~2.43)
茶饮料	极低	1.16(0.76~1.76)	1.67(1.03~2.77)^*	1.35(0.89~2.05)	1.36(0.84~2.25)	1.45(1.00~2.10)	1.27(0.68~2.40)
	低	1.01(0.75~1.36)	1.73(1.27~2.36)^**	1.70(1.29~2.24)^**	0.87(0.62~1.22)	1.27(0.99~1.64)	1.43(0.96~2.13)
	中	1.10(0.78~1.54)	1.62(1.13~2.36)^**	1.29(0.92~1.80)	1.36(0.93~1.99)	1.49(1.11~2.02)^**	1.02(0.64~1.61)
	高	1.52(1.06~2.18)^*	1.58(1.05~2.41)^*	1.59(1.10~2.31)^*	1.61(1.06~2.45)^*	1.80(1.31~2.48)^**	1.13(0.65~1.96)
果蔬汁饮料	极低	1.10(0.73~1.65)	1.74(1.09~2.84)^*	0.92(0.61~1.37)	2.12(1.30~3.52)^**	1.22(0.85~1.76)	1.78(0.98~3.25)
	低	1.07(0.79~1.44)	1.65(1.20~2.26)^**	1.18(0.89~1.57)	1.29(0.92~1.81)	1.21(0.94~1.56)	1.64(1.08~2.48)^*
	中	1.03(0.73~1.46)	1.43(0.99~2.06)	0.87(0.62~1.23)	1.71(1.17~2.50)^**	1.25(0.92~1.69)	1.10(0.69~1.75)
	高	1.49(1.03~2.16)^*	1.41(0.95~2.11)	1.10(0.77~1.58)	2.13(1.38~3.33)^**	1.37(1.00~1.89)	1.76(1.03~3.03)^*
植物蛋白饮料	极低	1.43(0.95~2.17)	1.92(1.18~3.21)^*	1.17(0.78~1.76)	2.54(1.53~4.33)^**	1.46(1.01~2.11)^*	2.32(1.25~4.43)^**
	低	1.18(0.87~1.59)	1.87(1.36~2.59)^**	1.33(1.01~1.75)^*	1.54(1.09~2.20)^*	1.33(1.03~1.71)^*	1.90(1.27~2.87)^**
	中	1.22(0.85~1.75)	1.46(1.01~2.14)^*	1.10(0.78~1.55)	1.66(1.12~2.49)^*	1.36(1.00~1.85)	1.25(0.77~2.05)
	高	1.97(1.33~2.94)^**	1.60(1.04~2.50)^*	1.36(0.94~1.96)	3.01(1.80~5.25)^**	1.68(1.20~2.38)^**	2.24(1.26~4.06)^**
奶茶饮料	极低	1.20(0.79~1.82)	1.68(1.05~2.78)^*	1.20(0.80~1.80)	1.68(1.02~2.79)^*	1.26(0.88~1.82)	1.92(1.05~3.62)^*
	低	1.09(0.81~1.47)	2.02(1.47~2.80)^**	1.45(1.10~1.91)^**	1.36(0.97~1.91)	1.35(1.05~1.74)^*	1.76(1.18~2.64)^**
	中	1.15(0.81~1.62)	1.37(0.96~1.98)	1.05(0.75~1.48)	1.53(1.05~2.25)^*	1.41(1.04~1.90)^*	0.93(0.58~1.48)
	高	1.29(0.90~1.87)	1.14(0.77~1.69)	1.02(0.71~1.45)	1.58(1.04~2.43)^*	1.24(0.90~1.70)	1.18(0.69~2.02)

饮料和零食

摄入强度

性别

学段

母亲文化程度达到高中

男(n=1 229)

女(n=1 248)

小学(n=1 413)

初中(n=1 064)

否(n=1 818)

是(n=659)

果蔬类零食

极低

1.03(0.68~1.56)

0.87(0.56~1.36)

0.83(0.55~1.25)

1.14(0.72~1.80)

0.88(0.62~1.25)

1.25(0.68~2.34)

低

0.77(0.56~1.04)

0.75(0.55~1.02)

0.84(0.64~1.11)

0.68(0.48~0.95)^*

0.75(0.59~0.97)^*

0.83(0.55~1.25)

中

0.86(0.59~1.23)

0.80(0.54~1.18)

0.74(0.51~1.06)

0.97(0.65~1.45)

0.90(0.65~1.24)

0.70(0.43~1.14)

高

1.47(0.96~2.27)

0.58(0.37~0.89)^*

0.82(0.55~1.23)

1.27(0.77~2.15)

1.00(0.70~1.45)

0.82(0.45~1.47)

纯牛奶酸奶类

极低

1.23(0.77~1.97)

1.08(0.65~1.84)

0.89(0.57~1.40)

1.65(0.94~2.97)

1.21(0.80~1.82)

1.02(0.52~2.05)

零食

低

0.77(0.56~1.05)

0.86(0.63~1.17)

0.76(0.58~1.01)

0.85(0.60~1.21)

0.90(0.69~1.16)

0.62(0.41~0.93)^*

中

0.63(0.44~0.90)^*

0.85(0.60~1.23)

0.52(0.37~0.73)^**

1.08(0.75~1.58)

0.92(0.68~1.25)

0.41(0.25~0.65)^**

高

1.00(0.65~1.51)

1.00(0.66~1.52)

0.69(0.47~1.01)

1.75(1.09~2.89)^*

1.08(0.76~1.54)

0.77(0.44~1.33)

彩色果味水

极低

0.93(0.56~1.54)

1.81(1.00~3.48)

1.31(0.79~2.21)

1.09(0.63~1.94)

1.11(0.72~1.74)

1.58(0.78~3.30)

低

0.97(0.70~1.36)

1.37(0.95~2.00)

1.31(0.96~1.79)

0.85(0.57~1.28)

1.02(0.77~1.36)

1.50(0.93~2.42)

中

1.10(0.71~1.69)

1.07(0.68~1.72)

1.08(0.70~1.70)

1.09(0.70~1.72)

1.06(0.74~1.54)

1.15(0.62~2.16)

高

1.49(0.97~2.29)

1.23(0.73~2.16)

1.22(0.78~1.92)

1.73(1.03~2.99)^*

1.65(1.11~2.48)^*

0.84(0.42~1.67)

碳酸饮料

极低

1.21(0.80~1.83)

2.22(1.33~3.85)^**

1.25(0.83~1.89)

1.92(1.17~3.20)^*

1.42(0.98~2.06)

1.89(1.03~3.52)^*

低

1.15(0.84~1.57)

1.69(1.24~2.33)^**

1.40(1.06~1.87)^*

1.25(0.89~1.77)

1.29(0.99~1.67)

1.62(1.07~2.45)^*

中

1.16(0.82~1.65)

1.32(0.93~1.90)

0.97(0.69~1.36)

1.71(1.18~2.50)^**

1.31(0.98~1.77)

1.07(0.67~1.70)

高

1.73(1.20~2.50)^**

1.18(0.80~1.76)

1.24(0.87~1.76)

2.07(1.35~3.19)^**

1.47(1.08~2.02)^*

1.59(0.94~2.72)

含乳饮料

极低

0.99(0.66~1.50)

1.72(1.08~2.79)^*

1.05(0.70~1.57)

1.60(1.00~2.58)

1.17(0.82~1.67)

1.56(0.87~2.85)

低

1.05(0.78~1.42)

1.39(1.01~1.93)^*

1.26(0.95~1.68)

1.05(0.74~1.49)

1.10(0.85~1.43)

1.45(0.96~2.21)

中

1.07(0.76~1.50)

1.40(0.97~2.02)

1.04(0.74~1.45)

1.46(1.01~2.13)^*

1.25(0.93~1.69)

1.06(0.67~1.68)

高

1.48(1.03~2.15)^*

1.25(0.84~1.88)

1.11(0.77~1.60)

1.89(1.24~2.92)^**

1.33(0.96~1.83)

1.42(0.83~2.43)

茶饮料

极低

1.16(0.76~1.76)

1.67(1.03~2.77)^*

1.35(0.89~2.05)

1.36(0.84~2.25)

1.45(1.00~2.10)

1.27(0.68~2.40)

低

1.01(0.75~1.36)

1.73(1.27~2.36)^**

1.70(1.29~2.24)^**

0.87(0.62~1.22)

1.27(0.99~1.64)

1.43(0.96~2.13)

中

1.10(0.78~1.54)

1.62(1.13~2.36)^**

1.29(0.92~1.80)

1.36(0.93~1.99)

1.49(1.11~2.02)^**

1.02(0.64~1.61)

高

1.52(1.06~2.18)^*

1.58(1.05~2.41)^*

1.59(1.10~2.31)^*

1.61(1.06~2.45)^*

1.80(1.31~2.48)^**

1.13(0.65~1.96)

果蔬汁饮料

极低

1.10(0.73~1.65)

1.74(1.09~2.84)^*

0.92(0.61~1.37)

2.12(1.30~3.52)^**

1.22(0.85~1.76)

1.78(0.98~3.25)

低

1.07(0.79~1.44)

1.65(1.20~2.26)^**

1.18(0.89~1.57)

1.29(0.92~1.81)

1.21(0.94~1.56)

1.64(1.08~2.48)^*

中

1.03(0.73~1.46)

1.43(0.99~2.06)

0.87(0.62~1.23)

1.71(1.17~2.50)^**

1.25(0.92~1.69)

1.10(0.69~1.75)

高

1.49(1.03~2.16)^*

1.41(0.95~2.11)

1.10(0.77~1.58)

2.13(1.38~3.33)^**

1.37(1.00~1.89)

1.76(1.03~3.03)^*

植物蛋白饮料

极低

1.43(0.95~2.17)

1.92(1.18~3.21)^*

1.17(0.78~1.76)

2.54(1.53~4.33)^**

1.46(1.01~2.11)^*

2.32(1.25~4.43)^**

低

1.18(0.87~1.59)

1.87(1.36~2.59)^**

1.33(1.01~1.75)^*

1.54(1.09~2.20)^*

1.33(1.03~1.71)^*

1.90(1.27~2.87)^**

中

1.22(0.85~1.75)

1.46(1.01~2.14)^*

1.10(0.78~1.55)

1.66(1.12~2.49)^*

1.36(1.00~1.85)

1.25(0.77~2.05)

高

1.97(1.33~2.94)^**

1.60(1.04~2.50)^*

1.36(0.94~1.96)

3.01(1.80~5.25)^**

1.68(1.20~2.38)^**

2.24(1.26~4.06)^**

奶茶饮料

极低

1.20(0.79~1.82)

1.68(1.05~2.78)^*

1.20(0.80~1.80)

1.68(1.02~2.79)^*

1.26(0.88~1.82)

1.92(1.05~3.62)^*

低

1.09(0.81~1.47)

2.02(1.47~2.80)^**

1.45(1.10~1.91)^**

1.36(0.97~1.91)

1.35(1.05~1.74)^*

1.76(1.18~2.64)^**

中

1.15(0.81~1.62)

1.37(0.96~1.98)

1.05(0.75~1.48)

1.53(1.05~2.25)^*

1.41(1.04~1.90)^*

0.93(0.58~1.48)

高

1.29(0.90~1.87)

1.14(0.77~1.69)

1.02(0.71~1.45)

1.58(1.04~2.43)^*

1.24(0.90~1.70)

1.18(0.69~2.02)

饮料和零食	摄入强度	性别			母亲文化程度达到高中
果蔬类零食	极低	1.03(0.68~1.56)	0.87(0.56~1.36)	0.83(0.55~1.25)	1.14(0.72~1.80)	0.88(0.62~1.25)	1.25(0.68~2.34)
	低	0.77(0.56~1.04)	0.75(0.55~1.02)	0.84(0.64~1.11)	0.68(0.48~0.95)^*	0.75(0.59~0.97)^*	0.83(0.55~1.25)
	中	0.86(0.59~1.23)	0.80(0.54~1.18)	0.74(0.51~1.06)	0.97(0.65~1.45)	0.90(0.65~1.24)	0.70(0.43~1.14)
	高	1.47(0.96~2.27)	0.58(0.37~0.89)^*	0.82(0.55~1.23)	1.27(0.77~2.15)	1.00(0.70~1.45)	0.82(0.45~1.47)
纯牛奶酸奶类	极低	1.23(0.77~1.97)	1.08(0.65~1.84)	0.89(0.57~1.40)	1.65(0.94~2.97)	1.21(0.80~1.82)	1.02(0.52~2.05)
零食	低	0.77(0.56~1.05)	0.86(0.63~1.17)	0.76(0.58~1.01)	0.85(0.60~1.21)	0.90(0.69~1.16)	0.62(0.41~0.93)^*
	中	0.63(0.44~0.90)^*	0.85(0.60~1.23)	0.52(0.37~0.73)^**	1.08(0.75~1.58)	0.92(0.68~1.25)	0.41(0.25~0.65)^**
	高	1.00(0.65~1.51)	1.00(0.66~1.52)	0.69(0.47~1.01)	1.75(1.09~2.89)^*	1.08(0.76~1.54)	0.77(0.44~1.33)
彩色果味水	极低	0.93(0.56~1.54)	1.81(1.00~3.48)	1.31(0.79~2.21)	1.09(0.63~1.94)	1.11(0.72~1.74)	1.58(0.78~3.30)
	低	0.97(0.70~1.36)	1.37(0.95~2.00)	1.31(0.96~1.79)	0.85(0.57~1.28)	1.02(0.77~1.36)	1.50(0.93~2.42)
	中	1.10(0.71~1.69)	1.07(0.68~1.72)	1.08(0.70~1.70)	1.09(0.70~1.72)	1.06(0.74~1.54)	1.15(0.62~2.16)
	高	1.49(0.97~2.29)	1.23(0.73~2.16)	1.22(0.78~1.92)	1.73(1.03~2.99)^*	1.65(1.11~2.48)^*	0.84(0.42~1.67)
碳酸饮料	极低	1.21(0.80~1.83)	2.22(1.33~3.85)^**	1.25(0.83~1.89)	1.92(1.17~3.20)^*	1.42(0.98~2.06)	1.89(1.03~3.52)^*
	低	1.15(0.84~1.57)	1.69(1.24~2.33)^**	1.40(1.06~1.87)^*	1.25(0.89~1.77)	1.29(0.99~1.67)	1.62(1.07~2.45)^*
	中	1.16(0.82~1.65)	1.32(0.93~1.90)	0.97(0.69~1.36)	1.71(1.18~2.50)^**	1.31(0.98~1.77)	1.07(0.67~1.70)
	高	1.73(1.20~2.50)^**	1.18(0.80~1.76)	1.24(0.87~1.76)	2.07(1.35~3.19)^**	1.47(1.08~2.02)^*	1.59(0.94~2.72)
含乳饮料	极低	0.99(0.66~1.50)	1.72(1.08~2.79)^*	1.05(0.70~1.57)	1.60(1.00~2.58)	1.17(0.82~1.67)	1.56(0.87~2.85)
	低	1.05(0.78~1.42)	1.39(1.01~1.93)^*	1.26(0.95~1.68)	1.05(0.74~1.49)	1.10(0.85~1.43)	1.45(0.96~2.21)
	中	1.07(0.76~1.50)	1.40(0.97~2.02)	1.04(0.74~1.45)	1.46(1.01~2.13)^*	1.25(0.93~1.69)	1.06(0.67~1.68)
	高	1.48(1.03~2.15)^*	1.25(0.84~1.88)	1.11(0.77~1.60)	1.89(1.24~2.92)^**	1.33(0.96~1.83)	1.42(0.83~2.43)
茶饮料	极低	1.16(0.76~1.76)	1.67(1.03~2.77)^*	1.35(0.89~2.05)	1.36(0.84~2.25)	1.45(1.00~2.10)	1.27(0.68~2.40)
	低	1.01(0.75~1.36)	1.73(1.27~2.36)^**	1.70(1.29~2.24)^**	0.87(0.62~1.22)	1.27(0.99~1.64)	1.43(0.96~2.13)
	中	1.10(0.78~1.54)	1.62(1.13~2.36)^**	1.29(0.92~1.80)	1.36(0.93~1.99)	1.49(1.11~2.02)^**	1.02(0.64~1.61)
	高	1.52(1.06~2.18)^*	1.58(1.05~2.41)^*	1.59(1.10~2.31)^*	1.61(1.06~2.45)^*	1.80(1.31~2.48)^**	1.13(0.65~1.96)
果蔬汁饮料	极低	1.10(0.73~1.65)	1.74(1.09~2.84)^*	0.92(0.61~1.37)	2.12(1.30~3.52)^**	1.22(0.85~1.76)	1.78(0.98~3.25)
	低	1.07(0.79~1.44)	1.65(1.20~2.26)^**	1.18(0.89~1.57)	1.29(0.92~1.81)	1.21(0.94~1.56)	1.64(1.08~2.48)^*
	中	1.03(0.73~1.46)	1.43(0.99~2.06)	0.87(0.62~1.23)	1.71(1.17~2.50)^**	1.25(0.92~1.69)	1.10(0.69~1.75)
	高	1.49(1.03~2.16)^*	1.41(0.95~2.11)	1.10(0.77~1.58)	2.13(1.38~3.33)^**	1.37(1.00~1.89)	1.76(1.03~3.03)^*
植物蛋白饮料	极低	1.43(0.95~2.17)	1.92(1.18~3.21)^*	1.17(0.78~1.76)	2.54(1.53~4.33)^**	1.46(1.01~2.11)^*	2.32(1.25~4.43)^**
	低	1.18(0.87~1.59)	1.87(1.36~2.59)^**	1.33(1.01~1.75)^*	1.54(1.09~2.20)^*	1.33(1.03~1.71)^*	1.90(1.27~2.87)^**
	中	1.22(0.85~1.75)	1.46(1.01~2.14)^*	1.10(0.78~1.55)	1.66(1.12~2.49)^*	1.36(1.00~1.85)	1.25(0.77~2.05)
	高	1.97(1.33~2.94)^**	1.60(1.04~2.50)^*	1.36(0.94~1.96)	3.01(1.80~5.25)^**	1.68(1.20~2.38)^**	2.24(1.26~4.06)^**
奶茶饮料	极低	1.20(0.79~1.82)	1.68(1.05~2.78)^*	1.20(0.80~1.80)	1.68(1.02~2.79)^*	1.26(0.88~1.82)	1.92(1.05~3.62)^*
	低	1.09(0.81~1.47)	2.02(1.47~2.80)^**	1.45(1.10~1.91)^**	1.36(0.97~1.91)	1.35(1.05~1.74)^*	1.76(1.18~2.64)^**
	中	1.15(0.81~1.62)	1.37(0.96~1.98)	1.05(0.75~1.48)	1.53(1.05~2.25)^*	1.41(1.04~1.90)^*	0.93(0.58~1.48)
	高	1.29(0.90~1.87)	1.14(0.77~1.69)	1.02(0.71~1.45)	1.58(1.04~2.43)^*	1.24(0.90~1.70)	1.18(0.69~2.02)

饮料和零食

摄入强度

性别

学段

母亲文化程度达到高中

男(n=1 229)

女(n=1 248)

小学(n=1 413)

初中(n=1 064)

否(n=1 818)

是(n=659)

果蔬类零食

极低

1.03(0.68~1.56)

0.87(0.56~1.36)

0.83(0.55~1.25)

1.14(0.72~1.80)

0.88(0.62~1.25)

1.25(0.68~2.34)

低

0.77(0.56~1.04)

0.75(0.55~1.02)

0.84(0.64~1.11)

0.68(0.48~0.95)^*

0.75(0.59~0.97)^*

0.83(0.55~1.25)

中

0.86(0.59~1.23)

0.80(0.54~1.18)

0.74(0.51~1.06)

0.97(0.65~1.45)

0.90(0.65~1.24)

0.70(0.43~1.14)

高

1.47(0.96~2.27)

0.58(0.37~0.89)^*

0.82(0.55~1.23)

1.27(0.77~2.15)

1.00(0.70~1.45)

0.82(0.45~1.47)

纯牛奶酸奶类

极低

1.23(0.77~1.97)

1.08(0.65~1.84)

0.89(0.57~1.40)

1.65(0.94~2.97)

1.21(0.80~1.82)

1.02(0.52~2.05)

零食

低

0.77(0.56~1.05)

0.86(0.63~1.17)

0.76(0.58~1.01)

0.85(0.60~1.21)

0.90(0.69~1.16)

0.62(0.41~0.93)^*

中

0.63(0.44~0.90)^*

0.85(0.60~1.23)

0.52(0.37~0.73)^**

1.08(0.75~1.58)

0.92(0.68~1.25)

0.41(0.25~0.65)^**

高

1.00(0.65~1.51)

1.00(0.66~1.52)

0.69(0.47~1.01)

1.75(1.09~2.89)^*

1.08(0.76~1.54)

0.77(0.44~1.33)

彩色果味水

极低

0.93(0.56~1.54)

1.81(1.00~3.48)

1.31(0.79~2.21)

1.09(0.63~1.94)

1.11(0.72~1.74)

1.58(0.78~3.30)

低

0.97(0.70~1.36)

1.37(0.95~2.00)

1.31(0.96~1.79)

0.85(0.57~1.28)

1.02(0.77~1.36)

1.50(0.93~2.42)

中

1.10(0.71~1.69)

1.07(0.68~1.72)

1.08(0.70~1.70)

1.09(0.70~1.72)

1.06(0.74~1.54)

1.15(0.62~2.16)

高

1.49(0.97~2.29)

1.23(0.73~2.16)

1.22(0.78~1.92)

1.73(1.03~2.99)^*

1.65(1.11~2.48)^*

0.84(0.42~1.67)

碳酸饮料

极低

1.21(0.80~1.83)

2.22(1.33~3.85)^**

1.25(0.83~1.89)

1.92(1.17~3.20)^*

1.42(0.98~2.06)

1.89(1.03~3.52)^*

低

1.15(0.84~1.57)

1.69(1.24~2.33)^**

1.40(1.06~1.87)^*

1.25(0.89~1.77)

1.29(0.99~1.67)

1.62(1.07~2.45)^*

中

1.16(0.82~1.65)

1.32(0.93~1.90)

0.97(0.69~1.36)

1.71(1.18~2.50)^**

1.31(0.98~1.77)

1.07(0.67~1.70)

高

1.73(1.20~2.50)^**

1.18(0.80~1.76)

1.24(0.87~1.76)

2.07(1.35~3.19)^**

1.47(1.08~2.02)^*

1.59(0.94~2.72)

含乳饮料

极低

0.99(0.66~1.50)

1.72(1.08~2.79)^*

1.05(0.70~1.57)

1.60(1.00~2.58)

1.17(0.82~1.67)

1.56(0.87~2.85)

低

1.05(0.78~1.42)

1.39(1.01~1.93)^*

1.26(0.95~1.68)

1.05(0.74~1.49)

1.10(0.85~1.43)

1.45(0.96~2.21)

中

1.07(0.76~1.50)

1.40(0.97~2.02)

1.04(0.74~1.45)

1.46(1.01~2.13)^*

1.25(0.93~1.69)

1.06(0.67~1.68)

高

1.48(1.03~2.15)^*

1.25(0.84~1.88)

1.11(0.77~1.60)

1.89(1.24~2.92)^**

1.33(0.96~1.83)

1.42(0.83~2.43)

茶饮料

极低

1.16(0.76~1.76)

1.67(1.03~2.77)^*

1.35(0.89~2.05)

1.36(0.84~2.25)

1.45(1.00~2.10)

1.27(0.68~2.40)

低

1.01(0.75~1.36)

1.73(1.27~2.36)^**

1.70(1.29~2.24)^**

0.87(0.62~1.22)

1.27(0.99~1.64)

1.43(0.96~2.13)

中

1.10(0.78~1.54)

1.62(1.13~2.36)^**

1.29(0.92~1.80)

1.36(0.93~1.99)

1.49(1.11~2.02)^**

1.02(0.64~1.61)

高

1.52(1.06~2.18)^*

1.58(1.05~2.41)^*

1.59(1.10~2.31)^*

1.61(1.06~2.45)^*

1.80(1.31~2.48)^**

1.13(0.65~1.96)

果蔬汁饮料

极低

1.10(0.73~1.65)

1.74(1.09~2.84)^*

0.92(0.61~1.37)

2.12(1.30~3.52)^**

1.22(0.85~1.76)

1.78(0.98~3.25)

低

1.07(0.79~1.44)

1.65(1.20~2.26)^**

1.18(0.89~1.57)

1.29(0.92~1.81)

1.21(0.94~1.56)

1.64(1.08~2.48)^*

中

1.03(0.73~1.46)

1.43(0.99~2.06)

0.87(0.62~1.23)

1.71(1.17~2.50)^**

1.25(0.92~1.69)

1.10(0.69~1.75)

高

1.49(1.03~2.16)^*

1.41(0.95~2.11)

1.10(0.77~1.58)

2.13(1.38~3.33)^**

1.37(1.00~1.89)

1.76(1.03~3.03)^*

植物蛋白饮料

极低

1.43(0.95~2.17)

1.92(1.18~3.21)^*

1.17(0.78~1.76)

2.54(1.53~4.33)^**

1.46(1.01~2.11)^*

2.32(1.25~4.43)^**

低

1.18(0.87~1.59)

1.87(1.36~2.59)^**

1.33(1.01~1.75)^*

1.54(1.09~2.20)^*

1.33(1.03~1.71)^*

1.90(1.27~2.87)^**

中

1.22(0.85~1.75)

1.46(1.01~2.14)^*

1.10(0.78~1.55)

1.66(1.12~2.49)^*

1.36(1.00~1.85)

1.25(0.77~2.05)

高

1.97(1.33~2.94)^**

1.60(1.04~2.50)^*

1.36(0.94~1.96)

3.01(1.80~5.25)^**

1.68(1.20~2.38)^**

2.24(1.26~4.06)^**

奶茶饮料

极低

1.20(0.79~1.82)

1.68(1.05~2.78)^*

1.20(0.80~1.80)

1.68(1.02~2.79)^*

1.26(0.88~1.82)

1.92(1.05~3.62)^*

低

1.09(0.81~1.47)

2.02(1.47~2.80)^**

1.45(1.10~1.91)^**

1.36(0.97~1.91)

1.35(1.05~1.74)^*

1.76(1.18~2.64)^**

中

1.15(0.81~1.62)

1.37(0.96~1.98)

1.05(0.75~1.48)

1.53(1.05~2.25)^*

1.41(1.04~1.90)^*

0.93(0.58~1.48)

高

1.29(0.90~1.87)

1.14(0.77~1.69)

1.02(0.71~1.45)

1.58(1.04~2.43)^*

1.24(0.90~1.70)

1.18(0.69~2.02)

云南省中小学生饮料零食摄入与血清维生素D不足的关联

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张丽芳 , 常利涛 , 安维维 , 黄达峰 , 刘春艳 , 雷园婷 ^* , 黄鑫 ^*

中国学校卫生 | 学生营养 2025,46(12): 1701-1705

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中国学校卫生 |学生营养 2025 , 46 (12) : 1701 -1705

云南省中小学生饮料零食摄入与血清维生素D不足的关联

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张丽芳, 常利涛, 安维维, 黄达峰, 刘春艳, 雷园婷^*, 黄鑫^*

作者信息

云南省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所，昆明 650500

通讯作者:

雷园婷，E-mail：2538815887@qq.com

黄鑫，E-mail：6487625@qq.com

作者简介:

张丽芳(1980-)，女，云南昆明人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事学校卫生相关工作

Association between beverage and snack intake and vitamin D insufficiency among primary and secondary school students in Yunnan Province

Lifang ZHANG, Litao CHANG, Weiwei AN, Dafeng HUANG, Chunyan LIU, Yuanting LEI^*, Xin HUANG^*

Affiliations

School Health Institute, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650500, Yunan Province, China

出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025374

文章导航

摘要

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目的

了解中小学生饮料零食摄入情况与血清25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]不足的关联，为制定针对性干预措施提供科学依据。

方法

于2021年10—12月采用分层随机抽样方法，选取云南省9个县实行农村义务教育学生营养改善计划的2 477名8~15岁中小学生，使用中国疾病预防控制中心制定的农村义务教育学生营养健康监测调查表进行饮料零食摄入情况问卷调查，计算零食摄入强度(无摄入、极低、低、中、高强度)；实验室检测血清25(OH)D水平， < 20 ng/mL判定为不足。采用χ²检验、LASSO回归、随机森林和二元Logistic回归分析20类饮料和零食摄入与血清25(OH)D不足的关联。

结果

检出血清25(OH)D不足男生564名(45.9%)，女生855名(68.5%)，共检出1 419名(57.3%)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，碳酸饮料、植物蛋白饮料、奶茶饮料极低摄入强度可增加中小学生25(OH)D不足发生风险(OR值分别为1.51，1.61，1.39)；果蔬类零食低摄入、纯牛奶酸奶类零食中摄入强度可降低25(OH)D不足发生风险(OR值分别为0.77，0.74)(P值均 < 0.05)。亚组分析显示，碳酸饮料、含乳饮料、茶饮料、果蔬汁饮料、植物蛋白饮料极低摄入强度可增加女生血清25(OH)D不足发生风险(OR值分别为2.22，1.72，1.67，1.74，1.92)；高摄入强度会增加男生25(OH)D不足发生风险(OR值分别为1.73，1.48，1.52，1.49，1.97)(P值均 < 0.05)。碳酸饮料、植物蛋白饮料、奶茶饮料，初中生极低摄入强度(OR值分别为1.92，2.54，1.68)，小学生低摄入强度(OR值分别为1.40，1.33，1.45)均可增加血清25(OH)D不足发生风险(P值均 < 0.05)。

结论

频繁摄入饮料和深加工零食会增加中小学生血清25(OH)D不足风险，天然食品果蔬、纯牛奶酸奶则可降低风险，女生、初中生更容易受影响。

关键词

饮料 / 食品 / 摄食行为 / 维生素D缺乏 / 回归分析 / 学生

Abstract

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Objective

To understand the association between beverage and snack intake and insufficient serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention measures.

Methods

From October to December 2021, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 477 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 15 years old from 9 counties in Yunnan Province implemented the Nutrition Improvement Plan for Rural Compulsory Education Students. The intake of beverages and snacks was investigated using the Rural Student Nutrition Monitoring Questionnaire from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The snack intake intensity was calculated and classified into no intake, extremely low, low, medium, and high intensity. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in the laboratory, and levels < 20 ng/mL were defined as insufficient. Chi-square tests, LASSO regression, random forest and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between 20 types of beverages and snacks and serum 25(OH)D insufficiency.

Results

Insufficient serum 25(OH)D was detected in 564 boys (45.9%) and 855 girls (68.5%), with a total of 1 419 cases (57.3%). Binary Logistic regression results showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages (OR=1.51), plant protein beverages (OR=1.61), and milk tea beverages (OR=1.39) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D, while protective factors were fruits and vegetables (OR=0.77) and pure milk and yogurt (OR=0.74) (all P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, milk-containing beverages, tea beverages, fruit and vegetable juices, and plant protein beverages increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in girls (OR=2.22, 1.72, 1.67, 1.74, 1.92), and high intake intensity increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in boys (OR=1.73, 1.48, 1.52, 1.49, 1.97) (all P < 0.05). Extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, plant protein beverages, and milk tea beverages in junior high school students (OR=1.92, 2.54, 1.68) and low intake intensity in primary school students (OR=1.40, 1.33, 1.45) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Frequent intake of beverages and highly processed snacks increases the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in primary and secondary school students, while natural foods such as fruits, vegetables, pure milk and yogurt can reduce the risk. Girls and junior high school students are more susceptible to these effects.

Key words

Beverages / Food / Feeding behavior / Vitamin D deficiency / Regression analysis / Students

引用本文

张丽芳, 常利涛, 安维维, 黄达峰, 刘春艳, 雷园婷, 黄鑫. 云南省中小学生饮料零食摄入与血清维生素D不足的关联. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (12) : 1701 -1705 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025374

Lifang ZHANG, Litao CHANG, Weiwei AN, Dafeng HUANG, Chunyan LIU, Yuanting LEI, Xin HUANG. Association between beverage and snack intake and vitamin D insufficiency among primary and secondary school students in Yunnan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (12) : 1701 -1705 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025374

正文

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血清25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]是调节钙稳态、骨代谢和免疫功能的关键营养素，对处于快速生长期的青少年尤为重要^[1]。近年来，有研究显示我国0~18岁儿童青少年25(OH)D不足率达到52.74%^[2]。云南省中小学生25(OH)D不足率达到55%以上，饮食结构转变导致含糖饮料(sugar-sweetened beverage, SSB)和加工零食摄入增加，大量糖、磷酸盐等成分可能干扰25(OH)D代谢^[3-5]。本研究通过分析云南省农村义务教育学生营养改善计划监测地区20类饮料和零食摄入频率与25(OH)D不足的关联，为制定针对性干预措施提供参考依据。

1　对象与方法

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1.1　对象

采用分层随机抽样方法，于2021年10—12月，选取云南省寻甸县、宣威市、弥渡县、永平县、泸西县、江川区、腾冲市、禄丰市、福贡县，采用抽签法在每个县的城镇和农村各抽取1所小学和1所初中，共36所学校，按男女比例1∶1抽取小学三年级及以上学生，每校每年级抽取20人。排除生长发育迟缓、营养不良及有其他慢性疾病史者。共采血和收回问卷2 536人，排除关键信息缺失59人，最终纳入2 477名中小学生，其中男生1 229名，女生1 248名；小学生1 413名，初中生1 064名；年龄8~15岁，平均年龄(11.87±2.12)岁。研究经中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所伦理委员会审查通过(伦审批号：2021-018)，监护人及学生均知情同意。

1.2　调查方法

采血前24 h不做剧烈运动，12 h禁食，5 min静坐。采集晨起空腹静脉血5 mL左右，1 h内完成离心冻存，离心半径30 cm，转速3 000 r/min，离心15 min，静置20 min，整个采血、保存、离心、运输过程避光。采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测血清25(OH)D水平(ng/mL)。参照《人群维生素D缺乏筛查方法》(WS/T 667—2020)^[6]进行判定，以血清25(OH)D质量浓度 < 20 ng/mL判定为不足。

使用中国疾病预防控制中心制定的“农村义务教育学生营养健康监测调查表”^[7]对学生通常摄入的8类饮料和12类零食摄入情况进行问卷调查，本次调查Cronbach α系数为0.89，KMO值为0.94，信、效度较好。由调查员或老师带领读题，学生自填问卷报告通常情况下，饮料和零食摄入情况(0=否，1=是)、摄入频率(0=从不，1=每2周及以上1次，2=每周1~2次，3=每周3~4次，4=每周≥5次)。各类饮料零食摄入强度=是否摄入饮料零食×摄入频率，计算后摄入强度分为0=无摄入，1=极低(每2周及以上1次)，2=低(每周1~2次)，3=中(每周3~4次)，4=高(每周≥5次)。8类饮料：简装彩色果味水(彩色果味水)，可乐、雪碧、芬达、汽水等碳酸饮料(碳酸饮料)，真果粒、酸酸乳等含乳饮料(含乳饮料)，冰红茶、绿茶、茉莉花茶等茶饮料(茶饮料)，鲜橙多、苹果汁等果蔬汁饮料(果蔬汁饮料)，豆浆、杏仁露、花生露等植物蛋白饮料(植物蛋白饮料)，奶茶(奶茶饮料)，冲泡的茶或咖啡(冲泡茶咖啡)。12类零食：苹果、黄瓜等水果蔬菜(果蔬类)，花生、瓜子等坚果类(坚果类)，虾条、薯片等膨化食品(膨化食品类)，干脆面方便面类(干脆面类)，饼干、面包类(饼干面包类)，辣条等面制小食品(辣条等面制品类)，糖果、巧克力等(糖果巧克力类)，果脯、话梅等水果制品(果脯类)，牛肉干、卤蛋等肉蛋制品(肉蛋制品类)，豆腐干、素肉等豆制零食(豆制类)，纯牛奶酸奶类，雪糕、冰棍等(冷饮类)。协变量包括性别、学段、父母文化程度、是否父母照料、在校期间户外活动时间及强度、正餐蛋白质类食物摄入频率、正餐油炸食品摄入频率。

1.3　质量控制

问卷调查员接受云南省省级的统一规范化培训，对参与调查的学校老师进行二次培训，调查过程中质量控制员进行现场巡视解答，同时选择5%问卷进行质量控制。

1.4　统计学分析

使用SPSS 16.0和R 4.4.3软件进行数据分析，分类变量用频数和百分比表示；使用χ²检验比较不同组别中小学生血清25(OH)D不足率；用LASSO回归和随机森林方法进行重要变量排序筛选；暴露变量通过方差膨胀因子(VIF < 3)，容差(tolerance>0.6)确认不存在多重共线性^[8]。8种饮料和12种零食因子载荷清晰。LASSO回归初步筛选重要变量，交叉验证选择最优惩罚参数，coef为LASSO回归系数，其绝对值越大，代表对应特征对模型贡献越强。对最终纳入的变量进行二元Logistic回归单独建模分析剂量反应关系，通过分层回归在性别、学段、母亲文化程度亚组中分析，所有回归分析控制单因素分析有统计学意义的协变量，将有序分类变量重构为无序因子以获取各级别的独立效应量。以P < 0.05为有统计学意义。

2　结果

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2.1　不同组别中小学生血清25(OH)D不足率比较

血清25(OH)D不足总体检出率为57.3%(1 419/2 477)，其中男生(45.9%)低于女生(68.5%)；小学生(54.2%)低于中学生(61.4%)。性别、学段、父母文化程度、油炸食品摄入频率不同的中小学生25(OH)D不足检出率差异均有统计学意义；碳酸饮料、含乳饮料、茶饮料、果蔬汁饮料、植物蛋白饮料、奶茶饮料、冲泡茶咖啡、果脯类零食是否摄入学生25(OH)D不足检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。

2.2　LASSO回归和随机森林法筛选中小学生血清25(OH)D不足重要变量

保留12个非零系数变量：coef_女生=0.895，coef_初中=0.222，coef_{父亲文化程度}=-0.026，coef_{母亲文化程度}=0.080，coef_油炸食品=0.057，coef_{果蔬类零食}=-0.03，coef_{纯牛奶酸奶类零食}=-0.031，coef_{果脯类零食}=0.01，coef_茶饮料=0.046，coef_碳酸饮料=0.003，coef_{植物蛋白饮料}=0.083，coef_{冲泡茶咖啡}=0.011。随机森林方法进行各变量对预测血清25(OH)D不足的重要性排序，结果显示，性别的重要性最高，其次是植物蛋白饮料、茶饮料、学段、果蔬汁饮料、纯牛奶酸奶类零食、奶茶饮料、母亲文化程度。

2.3　中小学生各类零食饮料不同摄入强度与25(OH)D不足的二元Logistic回归分析

以最低风险类别“无摄入”作为参考组，因变量为血清25(OH)D不足(0=否，1=是)，每个Logistic回归模型均通过方差膨胀因子(VIF < 5)确认不存在多重共线性。总体与亚组分析均控制性别、学段、父母文化程度、户外活动时间、油炸食品摄入。

总体分析显示：相比无摄入组，碳酸饮料(OR=1.51)、植物蛋白饮料(OR=1.61)、奶茶饮料(OR=1.39)极低摄入强度可增加25(OH)D不足发生风险；果蔬汁饮料(OR=1.30，95%CI=1.05~1.62)、茶饮料(OR=1.31，95%CI=1.06~1.62)低摄入强度可增加25(OH)D不足发生风险；彩色果味水(OR=1.41，95%CI=1.01~1.99)、含乳饮料(OR=1.37，95%CI=1.05~1.81)高摄入强度可增加25(OH)D不足发生风险；果蔬类零食低摄入强度(OR=0.77，95%CI=0.62~0.96)和纯牛奶酸奶类零食中摄入强度(OR=0.74，95%CI=0.57~0.95)可降低25(OH)D不足发生风险(P值均 < 0.05)。

亚组分析结果显示，果蔬类零食高摄入强度降低女生血清25(OH)D不足发生风险(OR=0.58)，纯牛奶酸奶类零食中摄入强度降低男生(OR=0.63)、小学阶段(OR=0.52)、母亲文化程度达到高中(OR=0.41)的学生血清25(OH)D不足发生风险(P值均 < 0.05)。碳酸饮料、含乳饮料、茶饮料、果蔬汁饮料、植物蛋白饮料极低摄入强度均可增加女生血清25(OH)D不足发生风险；以上饮料高摄入强度也会增加男生血清25(OH)D不足发生风险(P值均 < 0.05)。碳酸饮料、植物蛋白饮料、奶茶饮料极低摄入强度均可增加初中生血清25(OH)D不足发生风险；以上饮料低摄入强度也会增加小学生血清25(OH)D不足发生风险(P值均 < 0.05)。母亲文化程度未达到高中的学生，茶饮料中和高摄入强度均会增加25(OH)D不足发生风险。见表2。

3　讨论

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血清25(OH)D水平与儿童青少年的身体健康密切相关，涉及骨骼、免疫、心血管、视力、代谢、心理等多个方面^[9-11]。本研究中8~15岁中小学生血清25(OH)D总体不足率为57.3%，与其他研究结果相似^{[9, 11]}，女生不足率最高，其次是初中生，与姜迎等^[12]研究结果一致，提示25(OH)D不足在儿童青少年群体中普遍存在。SSB及深加工零食可能通过干扰钙吸收^[3]、诱导脂肪堆积及慢性炎症激活等途径^[4]，导致血清25(OH)D代谢失衡^{[5, 13]}。SSB的频繁摄入可能替代乳制品等富含25(OH)D的食物，高脂零食可能导致饱腹感错位，减少正餐含25(OH)D来源食物的摄入，进一步加剧营养失衡。

总体分析显示SSB与加工零食的频繁摄入会增加中小学生血清25(OH)D不足风险，而天然食物类零食(如果蔬类、纯乳制品类)则会降低风险。碳酸饮料、茶饮料、植物蛋白饮料、奶茶饮料等SSB的摄入均可增加血清25(OH)D不足风险。《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》建议每人每天添加糖的摄入量最好不超过25 g，而以上几类饮料是最受欢迎的饮料^[14]。长期高糖摄入可诱发胰岛素抵抗和代谢性炎症，导致细胞对25(OH)D的需求增加，血清25(OH)D水平降低^[15]。SSB成分可能干扰25(OH)D代谢，如碳酸饮料的主要成分高果糖玉米糖浆，可诱导肝脏脂质沉积，导致肝脂肪变性与炎症^[4]；碳酸饮料和茶饮料中的磷酸盐有肠道钙吸收抑制作用，其营养标签通常未明确标注磷酸盐含量^[16]，难以识别；植物蛋白饮料和奶茶饮料所含的脂肪和反式脂肪酸，促进了炎症反应与肠道菌群失衡，间接加速血清25(OH)D分解代谢^[17]；茶饮料中的咖啡因、鞣酸等会影响钙的吸收，过多消耗血清25(OH)D。其他机制尚待后续研究。

果蔬类和奶制品类等天然食品的摄入会降低血清25(OH)D不足发生风险，而果蔬汁饮料、含乳饮料、植物蛋白饮料却显著增加25(OH)D不足风险，可能源于市售产品中的添加糖或防腐剂抵消了天然成分益处，提示了饮料零食工业化与微量营养素缺乏的交叉风险。建议将深加工食品管控纳入中小学生营养健康教育干预核心策略，提高学生天然食品摄入，并通过营养健康教育提升家庭、学校、社会和学生的营养素养。

亚组分析显示，女生及初中生对饮料危害更敏感，极低摄入强度就出现了OR值升高情况，可能与生理阶段特异性相关：女生青春期雌激素上升促进脂肪蓄积，扩大血清25(OH)D储存池；同时，防晒行为进一步减少皮肤合成^[18]，而SSB摄入进一步加剧供需失衡。女生在碳酸饮料、含乳饮料、茶饮料、果蔬汁饮料、奶茶饮料等仅极低和低强度摄入情况下关联有统计学意义，而在中高摄入强度没有关联，可能与此几类饮料中高强度摄入样本量少于低强度摄入样本量有关。初中生独立购买力增强与同伴饮食行为模仿，导致SSB消费激增，课业负担加重致户外活动减少，双重加剧血清25(OH)D不足风险。母亲文化程度较高的学生乳制品保护作用更显著，且茶饮料未显示风险，提示家庭饮食教育对营养行为的影响。母亲受教育程度高的学生可能更倾向于选择乳制品替代SSB，家庭自制茶饮，如淡绿茶可能替代含高糖、磷酸盐的工业茶饮料。有研究发现85%以上的中小学生过去一周曾喝过饮料，频次中位数为4次^[19]，提示饮料的选择对学生健康影响大。

基于本研究，中小学生营养干预需采取分层策略：限制中小学生深加工饮料零食的摄入，校内严禁售卖或摆放高糖饮料自动售卖机；强化保护性食物供给，学生餐增加低温酸奶(保留益生菌活性)及钙维生素D强化牛奶等；课间补充苹果、黄瓜等便携果蔬(非榨汁以保留纤维)；家庭营养教育聚焦关键人群，针对低文化程度母亲开展“乳制品选择”营养健康教育。

本研究局限性在于饮料零食的分类信息及摄入频率有待再细化，未细化成分如植物蛋白饮料的脂肪类型、奶茶的反式脂肪酸含量等；由于样本量及调查时间限制，未能分析性别、学段交叉作用及不同季节影响因素。

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2025年第46卷第12期

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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025374

接收时间：2025-07-07
首发时间：2026-11-06
出版时间：2025-12-25

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收稿日期：2025-07-07
修回日期：2025-10-16

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云南省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所，昆明 650500

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雷园婷，E-mail：2538815887@qq.com

黄鑫，E-mail：6487625@qq.com

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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组别	选项	人数	25(OH)D不足人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 229	564(45.9)	129.25	< 0.01
	女	1 248	855(68.5)
学段	小学	1 413	766(54.2)	54.07	< 0.01
	初中	1 064	653(61.4)
父亲文化程度	是	666	357(53.6)	5.05	0.03
达到高中	否	1 811	1 062(58.6)
母亲文化程度	是	659	347(52.7)	7.87	< 0.01
达到高中	否	1 818	1 072(59.0)
每周吃油炸食品	是	540	331(61.3)	4.54	0.03
≥3次	否	1 937	1 088(56.2)
碳酸饮料	是	1 739	1 025(58.9)	6.53	0.01
	否	738	394(53.4)
含乳饮料	是	1 817	1 076(59.2)	10.40	< 0.01
	否	660	343(52.0)
茶饮料	是	1 654	986(59.6)	11.01	< 0.01
	否	823	433(52.6)
果蔬汁饮料	是	1 738	1 028(59.1)	8.25	< 0.01
	否	739	391(52.9)
植物蛋白饮料	是	1 361	838(61.6)	22.67	< 0.01
	否	1 116	581(52.1)
奶茶饮料	是	1 552	932(60.1)	12.98	< 0.01
	否	925	487(52.6)
冲泡茶咖啡	是	777	491(63.2)	16.13	< 0.01
	否	1 700	928(54.6)
果脯类零食	是	575	355(61.7)	6.07	0.01
	否	1 902	1 064(55.9)

组别

选项

人数

25(OH)D不足人数

χ²值

P值

性别

男

1 229

564(45.9)

129.25

< 0.01

女

1 248

855(68.5)

学段

小学

1 413

766(54.2)

54.07

< 0.01

初中

1 064

653(61.4)

父亲文化程度

是

666

357(53.6)

5.05

0.03

达到高中

否

1 811

1 062(58.6)

母亲文化程度

是

659

347(52.7)

7.87

< 0.01

达到高中

否

1 818

1 072(59.0)

每周吃油炸食品

是

540

331(61.3)

4.54

0.03

≥3次

否

1 937

1 088(56.2)

碳酸饮料

是

1 739

1 025(58.9)

6.53

0.01

否

738

394(53.4)

含乳饮料

是

1 817

1 076(59.2)

10.40

< 0.01

否

660

343(52.0)

茶饮料

是

1 654

986(59.6)

11.01

< 0.01

否

823

433(52.6)

果蔬汁饮料

是

1 738

1 028(59.1)

8.25

< 0.01

否

739

391(52.9)

植物蛋白饮料

是

1 361

838(61.6)

22.67

< 0.01

否

1 116

581(52.1)

奶茶饮料

是

1 552

932(60.1)

12.98

< 0.01

否

925

487(52.6)

冲泡茶咖啡

是

777

491(63.2)

16.13

< 0.01

否

1 700

928(54.6)

果脯类零食

是

575

355(61.7)

6.07

0.01

否

1 902

1 064(55.9)

饮料和零食	摄入强度	性别			母亲文化程度达到高中
果蔬类零食	极低	1.03(0.68~1.56)	0.87(0.56~1.36)	0.83(0.55~1.25)	1.14(0.72~1.80)	0.88(0.62~1.25)	1.25(0.68~2.34)
	低	0.77(0.56~1.04)	0.75(0.55~1.02)	0.84(0.64~1.11)	0.68(0.48~0.95)^*	0.75(0.59~0.97)^*	0.83(0.55~1.25)
	中	0.86(0.59~1.23)	0.80(0.54~1.18)	0.74(0.51~1.06)	0.97(0.65~1.45)	0.90(0.65~1.24)	0.70(0.43~1.14)
	高	1.47(0.96~2.27)	0.58(0.37~0.89)^*	0.82(0.55~1.23)	1.27(0.77~2.15)	1.00(0.70~1.45)	0.82(0.45~1.47)
纯牛奶酸奶类	极低	1.23(0.77~1.97)	1.08(0.65~1.84)	0.89(0.57~1.40)	1.65(0.94~2.97)	1.21(0.80~1.82)	1.02(0.52~2.05)
零食	低	0.77(0.56~1.05)	0.86(0.63~1.17)	0.76(0.58~1.01)	0.85(0.60~1.21)	0.90(0.69~1.16)	0.62(0.41~0.93)^*
	中	0.63(0.44~0.90)^*	0.85(0.60~1.23)	0.52(0.37~0.73)^**	1.08(0.75~1.58)	0.92(0.68~1.25)	0.41(0.25~0.65)^**
	高	1.00(0.65~1.51)	1.00(0.66~1.52)	0.69(0.47~1.01)	1.75(1.09~2.89)^*	1.08(0.76~1.54)	0.77(0.44~1.33)
彩色果味水	极低	0.93(0.56~1.54)	1.81(1.00~3.48)	1.31(0.79~2.21)	1.09(0.63~1.94)	1.11(0.72~1.74)	1.58(0.78~3.30)
	低	0.97(0.70~1.36)	1.37(0.95~2.00)	1.31(0.96~1.79)	0.85(0.57~1.28)	1.02(0.77~1.36)	1.50(0.93~2.42)
	中	1.10(0.71~1.69)	1.07(0.68~1.72)	1.08(0.70~1.70)	1.09(0.70~1.72)	1.06(0.74~1.54)	1.15(0.62~2.16)
	高	1.49(0.97~2.29)	1.23(0.73~2.16)	1.22(0.78~1.92)	1.73(1.03~2.99)^*	1.65(1.11~2.48)^*	0.84(0.42~1.67)
碳酸饮料	极低	1.21(0.80~1.83)	2.22(1.33~3.85)^**	1.25(0.83~1.89)	1.92(1.17~3.20)^*	1.42(0.98~2.06)	1.89(1.03~3.52)^*
	低	1.15(0.84~1.57)	1.69(1.24~2.33)^**	1.40(1.06~1.87)^*	1.25(0.89~1.77)	1.29(0.99~1.67)	1.62(1.07~2.45)^*
	中	1.16(0.82~1.65)	1.32(0.93~1.90)	0.97(0.69~1.36)	1.71(1.18~2.50)^**	1.31(0.98~1.77)	1.07(0.67~1.70)
	高	1.73(1.20~2.50)^**	1.18(0.80~1.76)	1.24(0.87~1.76)	2.07(1.35~3.19)^**	1.47(1.08~2.02)^*	1.59(0.94~2.72)
含乳饮料	极低	0.99(0.66~1.50)	1.72(1.08~2.79)^*	1.05(0.70~1.57)	1.60(1.00~2.58)	1.17(0.82~1.67)	1.56(0.87~2.85)
	低	1.05(0.78~1.42)	1.39(1.01~1.93)^*	1.26(0.95~1.68)	1.05(0.74~1.49)	1.10(0.85~1.43)	1.45(0.96~2.21)
	中	1.07(0.76~1.50)	1.40(0.97~2.02)	1.04(0.74~1.45)	1.46(1.01~2.13)^*	1.25(0.93~1.69)	1.06(0.67~1.68)
	高	1.48(1.03~2.15)^*	1.25(0.84~1.88)	1.11(0.77~1.60)	1.89(1.24~2.92)^**	1.33(0.96~1.83)	1.42(0.83~2.43)
茶饮料	极低	1.16(0.76~1.76)	1.67(1.03~2.77)^*	1.35(0.89~2.05)	1.36(0.84~2.25)	1.45(1.00~2.10)	1.27(0.68~2.40)
	低	1.01(0.75~1.36)	1.73(1.27~2.36)^**	1.70(1.29~2.24)^**	0.87(0.62~1.22)	1.27(0.99~1.64)	1.43(0.96~2.13)
	中	1.10(0.78~1.54)	1.62(1.13~2.36)^**	1.29(0.92~1.80)	1.36(0.93~1.99)	1.49(1.11~2.02)^**	1.02(0.64~1.61)
	高	1.52(1.06~2.18)^*	1.58(1.05~2.41)^*	1.59(1.10~2.31)^*	1.61(1.06~2.45)^*	1.80(1.31~2.48)^**	1.13(0.65~1.96)
果蔬汁饮料	极低	1.10(0.73~1.65)	1.74(1.09~2.84)^*	0.92(0.61~1.37)	2.12(1.30~3.52)^**	1.22(0.85~1.76)	1.78(0.98~3.25)
	低	1.07(0.79~1.44)	1.65(1.20~2.26)^**	1.18(0.89~1.57)	1.29(0.92~1.81)	1.21(0.94~1.56)	1.64(1.08~2.48)^*
	中	1.03(0.73~1.46)	1.43(0.99~2.06)	0.87(0.62~1.23)	1.71(1.17~2.50)^**	1.25(0.92~1.69)	1.10(0.69~1.75)
	高	1.49(1.03~2.16)^*	1.41(0.95~2.11)	1.10(0.77~1.58)	2.13(1.38~3.33)^**	1.37(1.00~1.89)	1.76(1.03~3.03)^*
植物蛋白饮料	极低	1.43(0.95~2.17)	1.92(1.18~3.21)^*	1.17(0.78~1.76)	2.54(1.53~4.33)^**	1.46(1.01~2.11)^*	2.32(1.25~4.43)^**
	低	1.18(0.87~1.59)	1.87(1.36~2.59)^**	1.33(1.01~1.75)^*	1.54(1.09~2.20)^*	1.33(1.03~1.71)^*	1.90(1.27~2.87)^**
	中	1.22(0.85~1.75)	1.46(1.01~2.14)^*	1.10(0.78~1.55)	1.66(1.12~2.49)^*	1.36(1.00~1.85)	1.25(0.77~2.05)
	高	1.97(1.33~2.94)^**	1.60(1.04~2.50)^*	1.36(0.94~1.96)	3.01(1.80~5.25)^**	1.68(1.20~2.38)^**	2.24(1.26~4.06)^**
奶茶饮料	极低	1.20(0.79~1.82)	1.68(1.05~2.78)^*	1.20(0.80~1.80)	1.68(1.02~2.79)^*	1.26(0.88~1.82)	1.92(1.05~3.62)^*
	低	1.09(0.81~1.47)	2.02(1.47~2.80)^**	1.45(1.10~1.91)^**	1.36(0.97~1.91)	1.35(1.05~1.74)^*	1.76(1.18~2.64)^**
	中	1.15(0.81~1.62)	1.37(0.96~1.98)	1.05(0.75~1.48)	1.53(1.05~2.25)^*	1.41(1.04~1.90)^*	0.93(0.58~1.48)
	高	1.29(0.90~1.87)	1.14(0.77~1.69)	1.02(0.71~1.45)	1.58(1.04~2.43)^*	1.24(0.90~1.70)	1.18(0.69~2.02)

饮料和零食

摄入强度

性别

学段

母亲文化程度达到高中

男(n=1 229)

女(n=1 248)

小学(n=1 413)

初中(n=1 064)

否(n=1 818)

是(n=659)

果蔬类零食

极低

1.03(0.68~1.56)

0.87(0.56~1.36)

0.83(0.55~1.25)

1.14(0.72~1.80)

0.88(0.62~1.25)

1.25(0.68~2.34)

低

0.77(0.56~1.04)

0.75(0.55~1.02)

0.84(0.64~1.11)

0.68(0.48~0.95)^*

0.75(0.59~0.97)^*

0.83(0.55~1.25)

中

0.86(0.59~1.23)

0.80(0.54~1.18)

0.74(0.51~1.06)

0.97(0.65~1.45)

0.90(0.65~1.24)

0.70(0.43~1.14)

高

1.47(0.96~2.27)

0.58(0.37~0.89)^*

0.82(0.55~1.23)

1.27(0.77~2.15)

1.00(0.70~1.45)

0.82(0.45~1.47)

纯牛奶酸奶类

极低

1.23(0.77~1.97)

1.08(0.65~1.84)

0.89(0.57~1.40)

1.65(0.94~2.97)

1.21(0.80~1.82)

1.02(0.52~2.05)

零食

低

0.77(0.56~1.05)

0.86(0.63~1.17)

0.76(0.58~1.01)

0.85(0.60~1.21)

0.90(0.69~1.16)

0.62(0.41~0.93)^*

中

0.63(0.44~0.90)^*

0.85(0.60~1.23)

0.52(0.37~0.73)^**

1.08(0.75~1.58)

0.92(0.68~1.25)

0.41(0.25~0.65)^**

高

1.00(0.65~1.51)

1.00(0.66~1.52)

0.69(0.47~1.01)

1.75(1.09~2.89)^*

1.08(0.76~1.54)

0.77(0.44~1.33)

彩色果味水

极低

0.93(0.56~1.54)

1.81(1.00~3.48)

1.31(0.79~2.21)

1.09(0.63~1.94)

1.11(0.72~1.74)

1.58(0.78~3.30)

低

0.97(0.70~1.36)

1.37(0.95~2.00)

1.31(0.96~1.79)

0.85(0.57~1.28)

1.02(0.77~1.36)

1.50(0.93~2.42)

中

1.10(0.71~1.69)

1.07(0.68~1.72)

1.08(0.70~1.70)

1.09(0.70~1.72)

1.06(0.74~1.54)

1.15(0.62~2.16)

高

1.49(0.97~2.29)

1.23(0.73~2.16)

1.22(0.78~1.92)

1.73(1.03~2.99)^*

1.65(1.11~2.48)^*

0.84(0.42~1.67)

碳酸饮料

极低

1.21(0.80~1.83)

2.22(1.33~3.85)^**

1.25(0.83~1.89)

1.92(1.17~3.20)^*

1.42(0.98~2.06)

1.89(1.03~3.52)^*

低

1.15(0.84~1.57)

1.69(1.24~2.33)^**

1.40(1.06~1.87)^*

1.25(0.89~1.77)

1.29(0.99~1.67)

1.62(1.07~2.45)^*

中

1.16(0.82~1.65)

1.32(0.93~1.90)

0.97(0.69~1.36)

1.71(1.18~2.50)^**

1.31(0.98~1.77)

1.07(0.67~1.70)

高

1.73(1.20~2.50)^**

1.18(0.80~1.76)

1.24(0.87~1.76)

2.07(1.35~3.19)^**

1.47(1.08~2.02)^*

1.59(0.94~2.72)

含乳饮料

极低

0.99(0.66~1.50)

1.72(1.08~2.79)^*

1.05(0.70~1.57)

1.60(1.00~2.58)

1.17(0.82~1.67)

1.56(0.87~2.85)

低

1.05(0.78~1.42)

1.39(1.01~1.93)^*

1.26(0.95~1.68)

1.05(0.74~1.49)

1.10(0.85~1.43)

1.45(0.96~2.21)

中

1.07(0.76~1.50)

1.40(0.97~2.02)

1.04(0.74~1.45)

1.46(1.01~2.13)^*

1.25(0.93~1.69)

1.06(0.67~1.68)

高

1.48(1.03~2.15)^*

1.25(0.84~1.88)

1.11(0.77~1.60)

1.89(1.24~2.92)^**

1.33(0.96~1.83)

1.42(0.83~2.43)

茶饮料

极低

1.16(0.76~1.76)

1.67(1.03~2.77)^*

1.35(0.89~2.05)

1.36(0.84~2.25)

1.45(1.00~2.10)

1.27(0.68~2.40)

低

1.01(0.75~1.36)

1.73(1.27~2.36)^**

1.70(1.29~2.24)^**

0.87(0.62~1.22)

1.27(0.99~1.64)

1.43(0.96~2.13)

中

1.10(0.78~1.54)

1.62(1.13~2.36)^**

1.29(0.92~1.80)

1.36(0.93~1.99)

1.49(1.11~2.02)^**

1.02(0.64~1.61)

高

1.52(1.06~2.18)^*

1.58(1.05~2.41)^*

1.59(1.10~2.31)^*

1.61(1.06~2.45)^*

1.80(1.31~2.48)^**

1.13(0.65~1.96)

果蔬汁饮料

极低

1.10(0.73~1.65)

1.74(1.09~2.84)^*

0.92(0.61~1.37)

2.12(1.30~3.52)^**

1.22(0.85~1.76)

1.78(0.98~3.25)

低

1.07(0.79~1.44)

1.65(1.20~2.26)^**

1.18(0.89~1.57)

1.29(0.92~1.81)

1.21(0.94~1.56)

1.64(1.08~2.48)^*

中

1.03(0.73~1.46)

1.43(0.99~2.06)

0.87(0.62~1.23)

1.71(1.17~2.50)^**

1.25(0.92~1.69)

1.10(0.69~1.75)

高

1.49(1.03~2.16)^*

1.41(0.95~2.11)

1.10(0.77~1.58)

2.13(1.38~3.33)^**

1.37(1.00~1.89)

1.76(1.03~3.03)^*

植物蛋白饮料

极低

1.43(0.95~2.17)

1.92(1.18~3.21)^*

1.17(0.78~1.76)

2.54(1.53~4.33)^**

1.46(1.01~2.11)^*

2.32(1.25~4.43)^**

低

1.18(0.87~1.59)

1.87(1.36~2.59)^**

1.33(1.01~1.75)^*

1.54(1.09~2.20)^*

1.33(1.03~1.71)^*

1.90(1.27~2.87)^**

中

1.22(0.85~1.75)

1.46(1.01~2.14)^*

1.10(0.78~1.55)

1.66(1.12~2.49)^*

1.36(1.00~1.85)

1.25(0.77~2.05)

高

1.97(1.33~2.94)^**

1.60(1.04~2.50)^*

1.36(0.94~1.96)

3.01(1.80~5.25)^**

1.68(1.20~2.38)^**

2.24(1.26~4.06)^**

奶茶饮料

极低

1.20(0.79~1.82)

1.68(1.05~2.78)^*

1.20(0.80~1.80)

1.68(1.02~2.79)^*

1.26(0.88~1.82)

1.92(1.05~3.62)^*

低

1.09(0.81~1.47)

2.02(1.47~2.80)^**

1.45(1.10~1.91)^**

1.36(0.97~1.91)

1.35(1.05~1.74)^*

1.76(1.18~2.64)^**

中

1.15(0.81~1.62)

1.37(0.96~1.98)

1.05(0.75~1.48)

1.53(1.05~2.25)^*

1.41(1.04~1.90)^*

0.93(0.58~1.48)

高

1.29(0.90~1.87)

1.14(0.77~1.69)

1.02(0.71~1.45)

1.58(1.04~2.43)^*

1.24(0.90~1.70)

1.18(0.69~2.02)