Article(id=1325533431307981661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325531848021140417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025327, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754841600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-11, revisedDate=1757088000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961397244, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961397244, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961397244, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961397244, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325531848021140417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961019759, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961019759, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1621, endPage=1624, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325533438123725662, articleId=1325533431307981661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=A dual-moderation of teacher support and gender on the association between the parent-child relationship and depression among junior high school students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the association between the parent-child relationship with depression among junior high school students, as well as the dual moderating effect of teacher support and gender, so as to provide a reference for depression interventions at family, school, and individual levels.

Methods

In November 2024, a cluster-sampling design was used to recruit 1 229 students from two junior high schools in Chengdu, Sichuan Province as participants. The survey employed the Interpersonal Relations Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, and the Students' Perceived Teacher Support Behavior Questionnaire. Spearman's rank correlation analyses were used to examine the associations among the parent-child relationship, teacher support, gender, and depression. Through linear regression analysis, the dual moderating effects of teacher support and gender on the association between parent-child relationship and depression in middle school students were evaluated.

Results

Scores for the parent-child relationship and for teacher support among middle school students were (4.03±1.00) and (4.23±0.86), respectively, and the depression score was 1.13 (1.00, 1.63). Parent-child relationships and teacher support showed positive correlations, while both the parent-child relationship and teacher support were negatively correlated with depression among junior high school students (r=0.25, -0.55, -0.29, all P < 0.01). Linear regression analyses showed that teacher support and gender jointly moderated the association between the parent-child relationship and depression. Further simple-slopes analyses revealed that the negative impact of the parent-child relationship on depression was stronger in girls, peaking under low teacher-support conditions (β=-0.61); among boys, a negative effect was also present but weaker (β=-0.48) (both P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Teacher support and gender jointly moderated the association between the parent-child relationship and depression among junior high school students; girls' depression are more closely linked to the quality of the parent-child relationship, while boys are more sensitive to changes in teacher support.

, authors=Ailin LI1, 2, Guangzeng LIU*, 1, 2, Zhengguang ZHU3, Chuanxing LIU4, authorsList=Ailin LI, Guangzeng LIU, Zhengguang ZHU, Chuanxing LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guangzeng LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325533453122556770, articleId=1325533431307981661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=教师支持和性别在初中生亲子关系和抑郁间的双调节效应, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

考察亲子关系与初中生抑郁的关系,以及教师支持和性别在其间的双调节效应,为开展家庭、学校及个体层面的抑郁干预提供依据。

方法

2024年11月,采用整群抽样法在四川省成都市抽取2所初级中学1 229名学生,采用人际关系量表、患者健康问卷抑郁量表、学生感知教师支持行为问卷对学生进行调查。使用Spearman相关分析考察中学生亲子关系、教师支持、性别和抑郁之间的相关性,使用线性回归分析教师支持与性别在亲子关系与中学生抑郁间的双调节效应。

结果

中学生亲子关系、教师支持的得分分别为(4.03±1.00)和(4.23±0.86)分,抑郁得分为1.13 (1.00, 1.63)分。亲子关系与教师支持呈正相关,亲子关系和教师支持与中学生抑郁均呈负相关(r值分别为0.25,-0.55,-0.29, P值均<0.01)。线性回归分析结果显示,教师支持和性别在亲子关系与中学生抑郁之间起双调节效应;进一步简单斜率分析发现,亲子关系与抑郁的负向关联在女生中更强,且这一效应在低教师支持条件下达到最大(β=-0.61);男生中同样存在负向关联,但强度较弱(β=-0.48)(P值均<0.05)。

结论

教师支持和性别同时调节亲子关系与初中生抑郁的关联,女生抑郁水平更依赖亲子关系的质量,而男生对教师支持的变化更为敏感。

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李艾霖(2000-),女,四川巴中人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为中小学生心理健康教育

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刘广增,E-mail:
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教师支持和性别在初中生亲子关系和抑郁间的双调节效应
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李艾霖 1, 2 , 刘广增 *, 1, 2 , 朱政光 3 , 刘传星 4
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(11): 1621-1624
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (11) : 1621 -1624
教师支持和性别在初中生亲子关系和抑郁间的双调节效应
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李艾霖(2000-),女,四川巴中人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为中小学生心理健康教育

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李艾霖1, 2, 刘广增*, 1, 2 , 朱政光3, 刘传星4
作者信息
  • 1西南民族大学教育学与心理学学院, 四川 成都 610225
  • 2国家民族事务委员会人文社会科学重点研究基地西南民族地区社会心理服务研究基地
  • 3西南大学心理健康教育研究中心
  • 4四川省教育评估院
通讯作者:
刘广增,E-mail:
作者简介:

李艾霖(2000-),女,四川巴中人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为中小学生心理健康教育

A dual-moderation of teacher support and gender on the association between the parent-child relationship and depression among junior high school students
Ailin LI1, 2, Guangzeng LIU*, 1, 2 , Zhengguang ZHU3, Chuanxing LIU4
Affiliations
  • 1School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, Sichuan Province, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025327
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目的

考察亲子关系与初中生抑郁的关系,以及教师支持和性别在其间的双调节效应,为开展家庭、学校及个体层面的抑郁干预提供依据。

方法

2024年11月,采用整群抽样法在四川省成都市抽取2所初级中学1 229名学生,采用人际关系量表、患者健康问卷抑郁量表、学生感知教师支持行为问卷对学生进行调查。使用Spearman相关分析考察中学生亲子关系、教师支持、性别和抑郁之间的相关性,使用线性回归分析教师支持与性别在亲子关系与中学生抑郁间的双调节效应。

结果

中学生亲子关系、教师支持的得分分别为(4.03±1.00)和(4.23±0.86)分,抑郁得分为1.13 (1.00, 1.63)分。亲子关系与教师支持呈正相关,亲子关系和教师支持与中学生抑郁均呈负相关(r值分别为0.25,-0.55,-0.29, P值均<0.01)。线性回归分析结果显示,教师支持和性别在亲子关系与中学生抑郁之间起双调节效应;进一步简单斜率分析发现,亲子关系与抑郁的负向关联在女生中更强,且这一效应在低教师支持条件下达到最大(β=-0.61);男生中同样存在负向关联,但强度较弱(β=-0.48)(P值均<0.05)。

结论

教师支持和性别同时调节亲子关系与初中生抑郁的关联,女生抑郁水平更依赖亲子关系的质量,而男生对教师支持的变化更为敏感。

亲子关系  /  抑郁  /  精神卫生  /  回归分析  /  学生
Objective

To investigate the association between the parent-child relationship with depression among junior high school students, as well as the dual moderating effect of teacher support and gender, so as to provide a reference for depression interventions at family, school, and individual levels.

Methods

In November 2024, a cluster-sampling design was used to recruit 1 229 students from two junior high schools in Chengdu, Sichuan Province as participants. The survey employed the Interpersonal Relations Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, and the Students' Perceived Teacher Support Behavior Questionnaire. Spearman's rank correlation analyses were used to examine the associations among the parent-child relationship, teacher support, gender, and depression. Through linear regression analysis, the dual moderating effects of teacher support and gender on the association between parent-child relationship and depression in middle school students were evaluated.

Results

Scores for the parent-child relationship and for teacher support among middle school students were (4.03±1.00) and (4.23±0.86), respectively, and the depression score was 1.13 (1.00, 1.63). Parent-child relationships and teacher support showed positive correlations, while both the parent-child relationship and teacher support were negatively correlated with depression among junior high school students (r=0.25, -0.55, -0.29, all P < 0.01). Linear regression analyses showed that teacher support and gender jointly moderated the association between the parent-child relationship and depression. Further simple-slopes analyses revealed that the negative impact of the parent-child relationship on depression was stronger in girls, peaking under low teacher-support conditions (β=-0.61); among boys, a negative effect was also present but weaker (β=-0.48) (both P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Teacher support and gender jointly moderated the association between the parent-child relationship and depression among junior high school students; girls' depression are more closely linked to the quality of the parent-child relationship, while boys are more sensitive to changes in teacher support.

Parent-child relations  /  Depression  /  Mental health  /  Regression analysis  /  Students
李艾霖, 刘广增, 朱政光, 刘传星. 教师支持和性别在初中生亲子关系和抑郁间的双调节效应. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1621 -1624 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025327
Ailin LI, Guangzeng LIU, Zhengguang ZHU, Chuanxing LIU. A dual-moderation of teacher support and gender on the association between the parent-child relationship and depression among junior high school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1621 -1624 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025327
抑郁不仅影响中学生正常的学习和生活,还会导致学业失败、社交退缩、睡眠障碍,甚至引发自伤或自杀行为等严重后果[1-4]。一项针对中国超过3万名中学生的调查发现,14.8%存在抑郁风险,其中轻度抑郁风险占10.8%,重度抑郁风险占4.0%[5]。家庭作为中学生发展的恒定影响源,其功能持续作用于心理适应[6]。依据家庭系统理论,健康的亲子子系统作为代际联结的核心,有助于维持家庭层级稳定,减少情绪风险[7];依恋理论进一步指出,积极亲子互动可形成安全依恋[8],有效缓冲抑郁情绪[9-10]。教师支持作为学校环境中的重要支持源[11],可通过学业、情感与能力支持满足中学生自主、胜任与归属的心理需求,阶段-环境匹配理论强调这种一致性对心理健康至关重要[12]。实证表明,教师支持不仅与青少年抑郁呈负相关[13-14],还可通过压力缓冲减轻亲子冲突等负面影响[15-16]。此外,抑郁的发生发展存在性别差异,神经机制研究表明女性对负性情绪更敏感且调节效能较弱[17];性别因素也被发现可调节亲子依恋与抑郁的关系[18]。本研究旨在考察亲子关系与初中学生抑郁的关系,以及教师支持和性别在其中发挥的双重调节作用,为家庭、学校及个体层面的抑郁干预提供依据。
2024年11月,在四川省成都市采用抽签法随机抽取2所初级中学,并用抽签法在各校初一、初二年级分别抽取5~10个班级,以班级为单位进行集体测试。共发放问卷1 300份,剔除作答不完整、规律性作答或选项单一等无效问卷后,回收有效问卷1 229份,有效回收率为94.5%。其中初一年级学生593名(48.3%),初二636名(51.7%);男生622名(50.6%),女生607名(49.4%);年龄为11~15岁,平均(12.79±0.69)岁。所有学生家长及学生均知情同意。研究经西南民族大学教育学与心理学学院学术伦理委员会审批(批号:IRB-SMU-SEP-20240906)。
包括性别、年龄、家庭月收入等。性别用于调节效应检验,年龄和家庭月收入作为协变量进行控制。
采用沃建中等[19]编制的人际关系量表中的亲子关系维度,该维度共4个条目。采用5点计分(1=“不符合”~5=“符合”),均为反向题。计算4个条目的平均分,得分越高表明亲子关系质量越好。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.91。
采用由Kroenke等[20]编制,胡星辰等[21]制订的量表。共9个条目,评估过去2周内抑郁的频率,采用4点计分(0=“完全没有”~3=“几乎每天”)。参照谢家树等[22]的做法,基于非临床样本特性,删除第9条(是否有自杀意念),计算其余条目的平均分,得分越高表示抑郁越严重。本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为0.90。
采用欧阳丹[23]编制的问卷,共19个条目,包含学习支持、情感支持与能力支持3个维度。采用6点计分(1=“完全不符合”~6=“完全符合”),总分19~114分。计算所有条目的平均分,得分越高代表感知到的教师支持水平越高。本研究中该问卷Cronbach α系数为0.91。
调查前对担任主试的心理课教师进行统一培训,教师使用统一的指导语,向学生传达问卷的填写要求以及调研的目的与意义。问卷填写时间预设为20 min,被试根据指示进行自填,填写完成后立即回收。对回收的问卷进行现场审核与逻辑校验(剔除无效问卷)、双人背对背独立录入,并通过一致性比对与仲裁修正,确保数据录入的准确与可靠。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据录入、处理和分析。计数资料使用频数和百分率表示,计量资料符合正态分布使用(x±s)表示,不符合正态分布使用M(P25, P75)表示。采用Harman单因子法进行共同方法偏差检验,使用Spearman相关分析考察中学生亲子关系、教师支持、性别和抑郁之间的相关性。采用SPSS PROCESS宏程序(4.2版本),基于标准化后的数据进行线性回归分析,采用Model 2检验教师支持与性别在中学生抑郁与亲子关系间的双调节效应[24]。线性回归分析采用Bootstrap法,进行5 000次迭代抽样,并生成交互项系数的95%偏差校正置信区间(confidence interval, CI)。检验水准α=0.05。
在未旋转的情况下,有5个因子的特征值大于1,首个因子方差解释率为29%(小于40%),表明本研究不存在严重共同方法偏差问题。
中学生亲子关系、教师支持、抑郁得分分别为(4.03±1.00),(4.23±0.86),1.13(1.00,1.63)分。Spearman相关分析显示,亲子关系与教师支持呈正相关(r=0.25);亲子关系和教师支持与抑郁均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.55,-0.29);另外,性别(女=0,男=1)与亲子关系、教师支持和抑郁均存在相关性(r值分别为0.13,-0.09,-0.14)(P值均<0.01)。
以性别(女=0,男=1)、教师支持、亲子关系(连续变量)为自变量进行线性回归分析,结果显示亲子关系(β=-0.55)、教师支持(β=-0.15)和性别(β=-0.13)均与中学生抑郁呈负相关(P值均<0.01)。亲子关系与教师支持的交互项(β=0.06, 95%CI=0.01~0.11),以及亲子关系与性别的交互项(β=0.13, 95%CI=0.03~0.22)与抑郁的关联均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),表明教师支持和性别在亲子关系与中学生抑郁的关系中具有双调节效应。进一步简单斜率分析发现,亲子关系与抑郁的负向关联在女生中更强,且这一效应在低教师支持条件下达到最大(β=-0.61);男生中同样存在负向关联,但强度较弱(β=-0.48)(P值均<0.05)。见图1。
本研究结果表明亲子关系与中学生抑郁呈负向关联,与以往研究结果一致[9, 25],同时这一发现与家庭系统理论[7]和依恋理论[8]的核心观点相吻合。从家庭系统视角看,亲子子系统作为家庭情感联结的核心通道,其质量直接决定了中学生的情绪是否稳定[7]。当亲子关系良好时,父母提供的情绪支持和行为引导能帮助中学生采取有效的压力应对策略,从而降低抑郁风险[26]。反之,亲子冲突或情感疏离会导致中学生长期处于逆境性的慢性压力状态,这种压力可能会通过大脑奖励相关活动减弱、边缘大脑区域体积改变等神经生物学机制增加抑郁易感性[27]。
本研究揭示的教师支持调节效应,为理解中学生抑郁的保护性机制提供了理论启示。首先,该发现有力支持了阶段-环境匹配理论[27],即中学生所处环境与其发展阶段的心理需求相匹配时,能最大程度促进其健康发展。教师为学生提供的学习支持、情感支持和能力支持,恰好满足了青春期少年对自主性、归属感和胜任感的三大基本心理需求[28]。教师支持对经历亲子关系困境的中学生具有显著的心理保护效应[15],能有效缓解亲子冲突或情感疏离对抑郁的影响。具体而言,教师支持较高的个体即使面临亲子关系质量低下,仍可能通过获得教师的学业指导、情感关怀和社会性支持等,补偿家庭情感支持的部分缺失,维持相对稳定的情绪调节能力[11]。Li等[29]研究也发现,当家庭功能受损时,稳定的教师支持可以作为替代性的情感支持源,补偿家庭功能的暂时缺失,进而阻断抑郁的恶化路径。这种补偿效应可能源于教师作为非家庭的成人权威角色,其提供的替代性安全基地功能满足了中学生对情感联结和自主性的双重发展需求。相比之下,教师支持较低的个体同时面临亲子关系困境时,其抑郁风险将因家庭和学校双重支持系统的缺失而加剧。
本研究揭示了性别与教师支持在亲子关系与中学生抑郁之间的双调节效应,亲子关系对抑郁的负向影响强度依次为:女生/低教师支持组、女生/高教师支持组、男生/低教师支持组和男生/高教师支持组。提示女生的抑郁水平更依赖于亲子关系质量,男生则对教师支持的变化更为敏感。这种性别差异可能的解释是,相较于男生,女生往往更关注家庭内部的情感动态,使其易受到家庭关系冲突的影响[30]。特别是在感知到教师支持水平较低时,女生可能因缺乏外部情感补偿而面临更高的抑郁风险。此外,从社会性别角色差异的角度来看,女生可能更倾向于将亲子关系作为自我价值认同的核心来源,男生则可能更重视教师对其能力的外部认可。
本研究结果表明,应加强亲子关系建设,通过家长培训提升情感沟通能力,特别是要为高危家庭提供专业指导。其次,需要系统提升教师支持质量。教师支持保护作用的发挥既要求教师提供切实有效的支持,还需要学生能够积极感知并有效利用这些支持。最后,中学生抑郁的预防和干预应注重个体差异,对女生提供更多情感支持和情绪管理训练,对男生则需侧重创造能力展示机会、设置成功体验情境并提供发展性反馈。基于此,构建“家庭-学校-个体”三位一体的心理健康促进体系,将有助于最大化亲子关系和教师支持的保护效应,从而降低中学生抑郁风险。
本研究仍存在一定局限:首先,横断面设计无法检验变量间的因果关系。其次,样本局限于成都市的2所初级中学,在一定程度上限制了结论的外部效度。最后,研究仅考察了教师支持和性别2个调节变量,而中学生抑郁的发生发展受多种因素影响。未来研究可纳入如家庭功能、同伴关系、个体特质等多元变量进行追踪调查,并扩大抽样范围,以构建更全面的理论模型。
  • 西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目太平园书院专项项目(20250414);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(24XJC190003)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025327
  • 接收时间:2025-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-11-06
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11
  • 修回日期:2025-09-06
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西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目太平园书院专项项目(20250414);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(24XJC190003)
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    1西南民族大学教育学与心理学学院, 四川 成都 610225
    2国家民族事务委员会人文社会科学重点研究基地西南民族地区社会心理服务研究基地
    3西南大学心理健康教育研究中心
    4四川省教育评估院

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