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Article(id=1325532570687136340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, issueId=1325531848021140417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025332, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754323200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-05, revisedDate=1757088000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793961192056, onlineDateStr=2026-11-06, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793961192056, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793961192056, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793961192056, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325531848021140417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793961019759, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793961019759, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1604, endPage=1609, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325532571928650325, articleId=1325532570687136340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=EN, title=Relationship between social support and depressive symptom with non-suicidal self-injury behavior among rural left-behind junior high school students, columnId=1259565855189418448, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of School Health, columnName=Mental Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the dynamic relationship between depressive symptom and non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI) behavior among rural left-behind junior high school students, as well as the mediating role of social support, so as to provide a reference for preventing the occurrence of behaviors that endanger the physical and mental health of rural adolescents.

Methods

In October 2023, 828 rural left-behind junior high school students from four counties and cities in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, namely Luxi County, Huayuan County, Baojing County and Longshan County, were selected by cluster random sampling for a one-year follow-up investigation (T1:October 2023, T2:April 2024, T3:October 2024). Depressive symptom, NSSI behavior and social support of junior high school students were evaluated by using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ), and Social Support Scale for University Students(SSSUS). A cross-lag panel model was constructed to analyze the dynamic relationship between depression symptom and NSSI behavior, as well as the longitudinal mediating role of social support.

Results

The levels of depressive symptoms(T1-T3:150.00±5.88, 14.29±7.52, 13.97±6.70) and NSSI behavior (T1-T3:6.91±4.65, 6.10±3.92, 4.79±3.51) of rural left-behind junior high school students both showed downward trends (F=13.41, η2=0.02; F=50.49, η2=0.06), the level of social support (59.17±14.68, 62.27±15.36, 61.82±15.90) showed an upward trend (F=20.94, η2=0.03), and the depressive symptom and NSSI behavior of girls were higher than those of boys (F=19.91, η2=0.02; F=4.57, η2=0.01)(all P < 0.05). The positive predictive relationships between depressive symptom and NSSI behavior among rural left-behind junior high school students [depressive symptom of T1 positively predicted NSSI behavior of T2 and T3 (β=0.10, 0.16); depressive symptom of T2 positively predicted NSSI behavior of T3 (β=0.14), all P < 0.01]. Social support during the T2 period played a partial mediating role between depressive symptom in T1 and NSSI in T3, with a mediating effect of 0.02 (95%CI=0.01-0.17, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Depressive symptom positively predict the occurrence of NSSI behavior among rural left-behind junior high school students. Social support is an important mediating factor in alleviating the influence of depressive symptoms on the occurrence of NSSI behavior. It should prevent and reduce the occurrence of depression symptoms and NSSI behavior by improving the social support level of rural left behind junior high school students.

, authors=Xiangyu LUO, Tiancheng ZHANG*, Chuqi YAN, Aolun WANG, Fulan ZHANG, authorsList=Xiangyu LUO, Tiancheng ZHANG, Chuqi YAN, Aolun WANG, Fulan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tiancheng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2025 Chinese Journal of School Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325532574873051738, articleId=1325532570687136340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, language=CN, title=农村留守初中生社会支持抑郁症状与非自杀性自伤行为关系, columnId=1259565858817491410, journalTitle=中国学校卫生, columnName=心理卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨农村留守初中生抑郁症状与非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为的动态关系以及社会支持的中介作用，为预防危害农村青少年身心健康行为的发生提供参考依据。

方法

2023年10月，采用整群随机抽样法从湘西自治州泸溪县、花垣县、保靖县、龙山县4个县市抽取828名农村留守初中生进行为期1年的追踪调查(T1:2023年10月，T2：2024年4月，T3：2024年10月)。采用患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)、青少年NSSI行为评定问卷(ANSAQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSSUS)对初中生抑郁症状、NSSI及社会支持进行评估，采用构建交叉滞后面板模型分析抑郁症状与NSSI行为的动态关系及社会支持的纵向中介作用。

结果

农村留守初中生抑郁症状水平(T1~T3:150.00±5.88，14.29±7.52，13.97±6.70)与NSSI行为(T1~T3:6.91±4.65，6.10±3.92，4.79±3.51)均呈下降趋势(F=13.41，η2=0.02；F=50.49，η2=0.06)，社会支持(59.17±14.68，62.27±15.36，61.82±15.90)水平呈上升趋势(F=20.94，η2=0.03)，且女生的抑郁症状与NSSI行为均高于男生(F=19.91，η2=0.02；F=4.57，η2=0.01)(P值均 < 0.05)。农村留守初中生抑郁症状与NSSI行为存在正向预测关系[T1抑郁症状正向预测T2 NSSI行为(β=0.10)和T3 NSSI行为(β=0.16)；T2抑郁症状正向预测T3 NSSI行为(β=0.14)](P值均 < 0.01)。T2时期的社会支持在T1抑郁症状与T3 NSSI行为之间发挥部分中介作用，中介效应值为0.02(95%CI=0.01~0.17，P < 0.05)。

结论

抑郁症状正向预测农村留守初中生NSSI行为的发生，社会支持是缓解抑郁症状影响NSSI行为发生的重要中介因素。应通过提高农村留守初中生的社会支持水平，预防和减少抑郁症状与NSSI行为的发生。

, authors=罗湘豫, 张天成*, 颜楚琦, 王澳伦, 张福兰, authorsList=罗湘豫, 张天成, 颜楚琦, 王澳伦, 张福兰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张天成, authorNote=

罗湘豫(1999-)，女，湘西泸溪人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年健康行为与健康促进

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张天成，E-mail:
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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1325532607659926155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308)；湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)；教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA880086), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325532575120515675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325532575128904284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, companyId=1325532575120515675, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan Province, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325532575263122013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, companyId=1325532575120515675, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=吉首大学体育科学学院, 湖南 416000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325532596268196482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Cross-lagged model of depressive symptoms and NSSI among rural left-behind junior high school students, figureFileSmall=vvfVpUaruAdmtpvQB90geg==, figureFileBig=Lee04UUheN3s/0l/W1SH0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325532599170654852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, language=CN, label=图1, caption=农村留守初中生抑郁症状与非自杀性自伤行为的交叉滞后模型

注：图中数据为β值，P值均 < 0.01。

, figureFileSmall=vvfVpUaruAdmtpvQB90geg==, figureFileBig=Lee04UUheN3s/0l/W1SH0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325532601821454981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Longitudinal mediation model of social support on depression and NSSI among left-behind junior high school students in rural area, figureFileSmall=pZt8GS8dLew4IfLorgKsPA==, figureFileBig=1bfHW/jRbrO2WbYI0CAzcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325532602190553734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, language=CN, label=图2, caption=农村留守初中生社会支持在抑郁症状与非自杀性自伤行为中的纵向中介模型

注：图中数据为β值，*P < 0.05，**P < 0.01。

, figureFileSmall=pZt8GS8dLew4IfLorgKsPA==, figureFileBig=1bfHW/jRbrO2WbYI0CAzcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325532602563846791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Time effece analysis of depressive symptoms and NSSI with social support among rural left-behind junior high school students(x ±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间性别人数抑郁症状社会支持非自杀性自伤行为
T1男43414.16±5.3259.73±14.586.35±4.12
女39415.94±6.3158.56±14.797.62±5.01
小计82815.00±5.8859.17±14.686.91±4.65
T2男43413.44±6.7062.03±14.935.28±3.45
女39415.22±8.0760.44±15.796.95±4.31
小计82814.29±7.5261.27±15.366.10±3.92
T3男43413.11±6.0862.70±16.024.43±3.24
女39414.91±7.2260.85±15.735.19±3.62
小计82813.97±6.7061.82±15.904.79±3.51
F时间值13.41**20.94**50.49**
F性别值19.91**2.654.57*
F时间×性别值0.000.322.39
), ArticleFig(id=1325532603390124680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

农村留守初中生抑郁症状、非自杀性自伤行为与社会支持的时间效应分析(x ±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间性别人数抑郁症状社会支持非自杀性自伤行为
T1男43414.16±5.3259.73±14.586.35±4.12
女39415.94±6.3158.56±14.797.62±5.01
小计82815.00±5.8859.17±14.686.91±4.65
T2男43413.44±6.7062.03±14.935.28±3.45
女39415.22±8.0760.44±15.796.95±4.31
小计82814.29±7.5261.27±15.366.10±3.92
T3男43413.11±6.0862.70±16.024.43±3.24
女39414.91±7.2260.85±15.735.19±3.62
小计82813.97±6.7061.82±15.904.79±3.51
F时间值13.41**20.94**50.49**
F性别值19.91**2.654.57*
F时间×性别值0.000.322.39
), ArticleFig(id=1325532603885052553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Correlational analysis of depressive symptoms and NSSI with social support among rural left-behind junior high school students(r, n=828)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1抑郁症状T2抑郁症状T3抑郁症状T1社会支持T2社会支持T3社会支持T1非自杀性自伤行为T2非自杀性自伤行为
T2抑郁症状0.66
T3抑郁症状0.610.62
T1社会支持-0.57-0.57-0.37
T2社会支持-0.56-0.78-0.450.73
T3社会支持-0.45-0.59-0.590.610.69
T1非自杀性自伤行为0.570.460.28-0.55-0.51-0.39
T2非自杀性自伤行为0.530.550.32-0.60-0.64-0.450.80
T3非自杀性自伤行为0.450.430.53-0.45-0.51-0.510.740.72
), ArticleFig(id=1325532605881541258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1256213402557890569, articleId=1325532570687136340, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

农村留守初中生抑郁症状和非自杀性自伤行为与社会支持的相关性分析(r值，n=828)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量T1抑郁症状T2抑郁症状T3抑郁症状T1社会支持T2社会支持T3社会支持T1非自杀性自伤行为T2非自杀性自伤行为
T2抑郁症状0.66
T3抑郁症状0.610.62
T1社会支持-0.57-0.57-0.37
T2社会支持-0.56-0.78-0.450.73
T3社会支持-0.45-0.59-0.590.610.69
T1非自杀性自伤行为0.570.460.28-0.55-0.51-0.39
T2非自杀性自伤行为0.530.550.32-0.60-0.64-0.450.80
T3非自杀性自伤行为0.450.430.53-0.45-0.51-0.510.740.72
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农村留守初中生社会支持抑郁症状与非自杀性自伤行为关系
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罗湘豫 , 张天成 * , 颜楚琦 , 王澳伦 , 张福兰
中国学校卫生 | 心理卫生 2025,46(11): 1604-1609
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中国学校卫生 |心理卫生 2025 , 46 (11) : 1604 -1609
农村留守初中生社会支持抑郁症状与非自杀性自伤行为关系
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罗湘豫, 张天成* , 颜楚琦, 王澳伦, 张福兰
作者信息
  • 吉首大学体育科学学院, 湖南 416000
通讯作者:
张天成，E-mail:
作者简介:

罗湘豫(1999-)，女，湘西泸溪人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年健康行为与健康促进

Relationship between social support and depressive symptom with non-suicidal self-injury behavior among rural left-behind junior high school students
Xiangyu LUO, Tiancheng ZHANG* , Chuqi YAN, Aolun WANG, Fulan ZHANG
Affiliations
  • School of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan Province, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025332
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摘要
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目的

探讨农村留守初中生抑郁症状与非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为的动态关系以及社会支持的中介作用，为预防危害农村青少年身心健康行为的发生提供参考依据。

方法

2023年10月，采用整群随机抽样法从湘西自治州泸溪县、花垣县、保靖县、龙山县4个县市抽取828名农村留守初中生进行为期1年的追踪调查(T1:2023年10月，T2：2024年4月，T3：2024年10月)。采用患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)、青少年NSSI行为评定问卷(ANSAQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSSUS)对初中生抑郁症状、NSSI及社会支持进行评估，采用构建交叉滞后面板模型分析抑郁症状与NSSI行为的动态关系及社会支持的纵向中介作用。

结果

农村留守初中生抑郁症状水平(T1~T3:150.00±5.88，14.29±7.52，13.97±6.70)与NSSI行为(T1~T3:6.91±4.65，6.10±3.92，4.79±3.51)均呈下降趋势(F=13.41，η2=0.02；F=50.49，η2=0.06)，社会支持(59.17±14.68，62.27±15.36，61.82±15.90)水平呈上升趋势(F=20.94，η2=0.03)，且女生的抑郁症状与NSSI行为均高于男生(F=19.91，η2=0.02；F=4.57，η2=0.01)(P值均 < 0.05)。农村留守初中生抑郁症状与NSSI行为存在正向预测关系[T1抑郁症状正向预测T2 NSSI行为(β=0.10)和T3 NSSI行为(β=0.16)；T2抑郁症状正向预测T3 NSSI行为(β=0.14)](P值均 < 0.01)。T2时期的社会支持在T1抑郁症状与T3 NSSI行为之间发挥部分中介作用，中介效应值为0.02(95%CI=0.01~0.17，P < 0.05)。

结论

抑郁症状正向预测农村留守初中生NSSI行为的发生，社会支持是缓解抑郁症状影响NSSI行为发生的重要中介因素。应通过提高农村留守初中生的社会支持水平，预防和减少抑郁症状与NSSI行为的发生。

抑郁  /  自我伤害行为  /  精神卫生  /  学生  /  农村人口
Objective

To explore the dynamic relationship between depressive symptom and non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI) behavior among rural left-behind junior high school students, as well as the mediating role of social support, so as to provide a reference for preventing the occurrence of behaviors that endanger the physical and mental health of rural adolescents.

Methods

In October 2023, 828 rural left-behind junior high school students from four counties and cities in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, namely Luxi County, Huayuan County, Baojing County and Longshan County, were selected by cluster random sampling for a one-year follow-up investigation (T1:October 2023, T2:April 2024, T3:October 2024). Depressive symptom, NSSI behavior and social support of junior high school students were evaluated by using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ), and Social Support Scale for University Students(SSSUS). A cross-lag panel model was constructed to analyze the dynamic relationship between depression symptom and NSSI behavior, as well as the longitudinal mediating role of social support.

Results

The levels of depressive symptoms(T1-T3:150.00±5.88, 14.29±7.52, 13.97±6.70) and NSSI behavior (T1-T3:6.91±4.65, 6.10±3.92, 4.79±3.51) of rural left-behind junior high school students both showed downward trends (F=13.41, η2=0.02; F=50.49, η2=0.06), the level of social support (59.17±14.68, 62.27±15.36, 61.82±15.90) showed an upward trend (F=20.94, η2=0.03), and the depressive symptom and NSSI behavior of girls were higher than those of boys (F=19.91, η2=0.02; F=4.57, η2=0.01)(all P < 0.05). The positive predictive relationships between depressive symptom and NSSI behavior among rural left-behind junior high school students [depressive symptom of T1 positively predicted NSSI behavior of T2 and T3 (β=0.10, 0.16); depressive symptom of T2 positively predicted NSSI behavior of T3 (β=0.14), all P < 0.01]. Social support during the T2 period played a partial mediating role between depressive symptom in T1 and NSSI in T3, with a mediating effect of 0.02 (95%CI=0.01-0.17, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Depressive symptom positively predict the occurrence of NSSI behavior among rural left-behind junior high school students. Social support is an important mediating factor in alleviating the influence of depressive symptoms on the occurrence of NSSI behavior. It should prevent and reduce the occurrence of depression symptoms and NSSI behavior by improving the social support level of rural left behind junior high school students.

Depression  /  Self-injurious behavior  /  Mental health  /  Students  /  Rural population
罗湘豫, 张天成, 颜楚琦, 王澳伦, 张福兰. 农村留守初中生社会支持抑郁症状与非自杀性自伤行为关系. 中国学校卫生, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1604 -1609 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025332
Xiangyu LUO, Tiancheng ZHANG, Chuqi YAN, Aolun WANG, Fulan ZHANG. Relationship between social support and depressive symptom with non-suicidal self-injury behavior among rural left-behind junior high school students[J]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 2025 , 46 (11) : 1604 -1609 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025332
正文
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农村留守初中生是指因父母双方或一方外出务工而被留在农村户籍所在地，未能与父母双方共同生活的未成年个体[1]。《中国农村教育发展报告2020—2022》显示，我国农村留守初中生人数高达421.27万[2]，由于亲子分离和教育监管缺失，导致该群体极易出现认知发展偏差[3]。抑郁症状不仅会降低青少年的生活质量和幸福感知能力，还可能通过自伤获得愉悦感和欣快感，从而诱发非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI)行为的发生[4-6]。社会支持的缓冲理论模型指出，当个体感知到足够的社会支持时，将会对自伤行为发挥缓冲效应机制[7]，从而降低NSSI行为发生的风险[8]。本研究以农村地区留守初中生为研究对象，采用纵向追踪设计，构建交叉滞后模型和纵向中介模型，探讨农村留守初中生抑郁症状与NSSI行为的动态关系以及社会支持的纵向中介作用，为针对性的开展农村留守初中生的心理健康干预提供参考依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
2023年10月，采用整群随机抽样法抽取调查对象。首先，以县城为初级抽样单位，从湘西自治州7个县城中采用抽签法抽取泸溪县、花垣县、保靖县、龙山县4个县市；然后，在每个抽中的县市，以学校为二级抽样单位，采用抽签法抽取2所农村初中，共8所学校；最后，以班级为三级抽样单位，从初一至初三年级中各采用抽签法抽取2个班级，共48个班级。分别于2023年10月进行第1次测试(T1)，发放问卷1 618份，回收有效问卷1 496份，有效率为92.46%；2024年4月进行第2次测试(T2), 发放问卷1 496份，回收有效问卷1 364份，有效率为91.18%；2024年10月进行第3次测试(T3)，发放问卷1 364份，回收有效问卷1 230份，有效率为90.18%。对3次施测数据进行整理，剔除无效问卷(大面积未填写以及明显性规律作答)，以全部完成3次施测且问卷编码对应一致的828份数据作为最终有效研究样本。其中男生434名，女生394名。纳入标准：年龄为11~15岁的农村户籍学生；父母双方或一方外出务工6个月以上，由其他监护人看护抚养或独立生活的初中生。本研究在调查前已获取研究对象的知情同意，并通过吉首大学伦理委员会审查(批号：No.JSDX-2023-0034)。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　抑郁症状
采用Kroenke等[9]编制的患者健康问卷抑郁量表(Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9)评估初中生的抑郁症状，共由9个条目构成，采用1(从未)~5(总是)五级评分，总分范围为9~45分，得分越高表明抑郁症状越严重。本研究中该量表3次测量的Cronbach α系数分别为0.84，0.87，0.85，表明该问卷内部一致性良好。
1.2.2　自伤行为
采用万宇辉等[10]编制的青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷(Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire, ANSAQ)评估初中生的NSSI。共由12个条目构成，采用0(从未)~4(总是)五级评分，总分范围为0~48分，得分越高表明NSSI越严重。本研究中该量表3次测量的Cronbach α系数分别为0.88，0.91，0.90，表明该问卷内部一致性良好。
1.2.3　社会支持
采用叶悦妹等[11]编制的大学生社会支持评定量表(Social Support Scale for University Students, SSSUS)评估初中生的社会支持水平，该量表已被研究证实在中学生群体中具有较好的信、效度并被广泛使用[12-13]。共由17个条目构成，采用1(不符合)~5(符合)五级评分，总分范围为17~85分，得分越高表明社会支持水平越高。本研究中，该量表3次测量的Cronbach α系数分别为0.89，0.93，0.91，表明该问卷内部一致性良好。
1.3　质量控制
本研究对所有参与施测的成员进行线下培训并统一施测程序。施测前宣读知情同意书、指导语与填答要求，告知数据的用途与填答的匿名性、保密性和自愿性等，随后在班主任的配合下开展问卷调查，问卷填写完毕后当场回收。3次施测过程中，在保证匿名的前提下获取学生学号，以对应先后的施测数据。
1.4　统计学分析
采用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行正态性检验，抑郁症状、NSSI与社会支持3次测量的数据呈正态分布[14]。随后，进行共同方法偏差检验、描述性统计和Pearson相关性分析，计量资料采用(x ±s)描述，计数资料采用频数/百分率描述。最后，利用Mplus 8.30软件分别构建交叉滞后模型与纵向中介模型。拟合指标比较拟合指数(comparative fit index，CFI)>0.90、塔克—刘易斯指数(Tucker-Lewis index，TLI)>0.90、均方根误差近似值(root mean square error of approximation，RMSEA) < 0.08、标准化均方根残差(standardized root mean square residual，SRMR) < 0.08，认为模型拟合是可接受的[15]。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　共同方法偏差检验
采用Harmam单因子方法对PHQ-9、ANSAQ、SSSUS进行共同方法偏差检验，结果显示，3次测量中第一个最大公因子解释率分别为22.17%，23.34%，24.63%，均小于40%的临界标准值。因此，不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
2.2　农村留守初中生抑郁症状和社会支持与NSSI的时间主效应分析
基于3个不同时期的测量数据进行重复测量方差分析，结果显示，农村留守初中生抑郁症状的水平随着时间的发展呈下降趋势(F=13.41, η2=0.02)，且抑郁症状水平女生均高于男生(F=19.91, η2=0.02)(P值均 < 0.01)。社会支持水平随着时间的发展呈上升趋势(F=20.94, η2=0.03)，NSSI行为的得分随着时间的发展呈下降趋势(F=50.49, η2=0.06)，且女生NSSI行为的得分均高于男生(F=4.57, η2=0.01)(P值均 < 0.05)。见表1。
2.3　农村留守初中生抑郁症状、社会支持与NSSI行为的相关性分析
对3个变量在3个时间点上得分的相关性进行Pearson相关分析，结果显示，初中生的抑郁症状与NSSI行为均呈正相关(r=0.28~0.57)，社会支持与初中生的抑郁症状和NSSI行为均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.78~-0.37，-0.64~-0.39)(P值均 < 0.01)。见表2。
2.4　农村留守初中生抑郁症状与NSSI行为的动态关系
见图1。
构建交叉滞后模型考察初中生抑郁症状与NSSI行为的动态关系，模型各拟合指数分别为χ2=5.47，df=1.00，CFI=1.00，TLI=0.98，RMSEA=0.07，95%CI=0.05~0.27，SRMR=0.01。结果显示，初中生抑郁症状与NSSI行为的自回归路径在3个点之间均有统计学意义，初中生抑郁症状与NSSI行为具有一定的稳定性；初中生T1抑郁症状正向预测T2(β=0.10)与T3(β=0.16)NSSI行为，T2抑郁症状正向预测T3 NSSI行为(β=0.14)(P值均 < 0.01)。
2.5　农村留守初中生社会支持在抑郁症状与NSSI行为中的纵向中介作用
以抑郁症状为自变量，社会支持为中介变量，NSSI行为为因变量，构建纵向中介模型，模型各拟合指数分别为：χ2=21.78，df=5.00，CFI=1.00，TLI=0.98，RMSEA(95%CI)=0.06(0.04~0.09)，SRMR=0.02。结果显示，初中生T1抑郁症状负向预测T2社会支持(β=-0.18)，T2社会支持负向预测T3 NSSI行为(β=-0.10)(P值均 < 0.05)。在加入社会支持这一中介变量后，初中生T1抑郁症状对T3 NSSI行为直接预测效应仍有统计学意义(β=0.11，P < 0.01)。因此，T2社会支持在T1抑郁症状与T3 NSSI行为中发挥部分中介作用，中介效应值为0.02(95%CI=0.01~0.17)(P < 0.05)。见图2。
3　讨论
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本研究重复测量方差分析显示，农村留守初中生抑郁症状水平随着时间的推移逐渐下降(T1>T2>T3)。素质-压力理论认为，个体的认知素质在抑郁的发生发展中发挥着重要作用[16]，随着个体认知素质的不断发展，减少了风险性因素对抑郁情绪的影响；同时，女生3次调查的抑郁症状水平均高于男生，与Sun等[17]调查结果相似，青春期女生对周围压力环境与人际关系的感知具有高度敏感性[18]，具有更为普遍的消极图式和信息处理偏差[19]，情绪更容易受到影响。社会支持水平随着时间的推移而逐渐增加，初中时期同伴成为留守初中生最频繁的交往对象[20]，个体获得更多同伴鼓励与支持，因此社会支持水平随之增高。与以往研究不同[21]，本研究发现，初中生NSSI行为的发生频率随着时间的推移逐渐减少；可能是随着时间的发展，初中生的情绪掌控与思维认知能力得到了提升，掌握了更多情绪调节策略与缓解不良情绪的方式，从而减少了个体的自伤行为[22]。同时，女生3次调查的NSSI发生频率均高于男生，与以往研究不同[23]，可能是由于在应对情绪问题时男生倾向通过指向外部的行为发泄情绪，而女生可能倾向通过指向内部的行为进行情绪的释放和缓解[24]，因此女生的NSSI行为发生率高于男生。与现有研究结果一致[25]，抑郁症状正向预测留守初中生后续的NSSI行为，自伤的发展与维持理论指出，抑郁等消极情绪是导致初中生NSSI行为出现与持续的重要因素[26]。本研究再一次证实了该理论，抑郁症状不仅可以影响当下青少年NSSI行为的发生，还能预测NSSI行为后续的发展。自伤功能模型指出，NSSI行为作为青少年缓解外界压力、应对消极情绪的重要方式[27-28]，在缓解个体的负性情绪上有即时起效的作用[29]；其次，慢性应激模型的剩余效应也指出[30]，当个体在经历抑郁的慢性应激时，即使应激源消失后，个体积极的心理特质会发生改变，仍有可能会出现情绪和行为问题。提示抑郁症状是留守初中生出现NSSI行为的重要预测因子，应帮助初中生掌握调节负性情绪的方法，引导个体正确看待青春期阶段身心的发展变化，降低出现负性情绪问题的风险，预防NSSI行为的发生，改善具有高自杀性致死风险的结局。
本研究构建的纵向中介模型发现，社会支持在抑郁症状与NSSI行为之间发挥着部分中介作用。社会支持的主效应理论认为，个体对社会资源的积极领悟与运用能够对个体自我价值的认同产生积极影响[31]，帮助个体缓解压力性事件带来的消极影响，促进心理健康。同伴关系是留守初中生获取社会支持的重要来源[32]，而患有抑郁症状的个体易出现社交退缩等行为，导致社会支持水平的流失[19]，从而增加了出现NSSI行为的可能性。当个体具有较高的社会支持水平，他们能够最大程度地积极整合和利用家庭、学校、社会的有效资源，在面对困难时做出积极应对并解决问题，不仅能降低抑郁症状发生的风险，还能进一步减少因情绪性问题所引起的NSSI行为的发生。因此，提高个体的社会支持水平对预防和缓解留守初中生抑郁症状与NSSI行为的发生可能发挥着一定的保护作用。
本研究采用纵向追踪设计、构建交叉滞后面板模型，证实了抑郁症状这一负性情绪情感体验对青少年NSSI行为的发生具有消极的作用，而社会支持能够有效缓解农村留守初中生NSSI行为的发生，为预防初中生出现危害健康问题提供了理论依据。但研究仍具有一定的局限性：(1)研究采用自我报告的形式进行数据收集，可能存在回忆偏差，且可能受到个体情绪以及状态的影响，未来研究需结合多元的数据采集方式。(2)调查对象处于青春期期，抑郁与NSSI行为的关系可能因发展阶段而异，后期需要进行更长年限的追踪调查。(3)抑郁症状对NSSI行为的影响可能还存在其他的中间变量，未来研究需纳入更多变量。
基金
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  • 湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308)；湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)；教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA880086)
文献
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025332
  • 接收时间：2025-08-05
  • 首发时间：2026-11-06
  • 出版时间：2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-08-05
  • 修回日期：2025-09-06
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湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308)；湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)；教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA880086)
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    吉首大学体育科学学院, 湖南 416000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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